1
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Heydecker M, Shitara A, Chen D, Tran DT, Masedunskas A, Tora MS, Ebrahim S, Appaduray MA, Galeano Niño JL, Bhardwaj A, Narayan K, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Weigert R. Coordination of force-generating actin-based modules stabilizes and remodels membranes in vivo. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401091. [PMID: 39172125 PMCID: PMC11344176 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane remodeling drives a broad spectrum of cellular functions, and it is regulated through mechanical forces exerted on the membrane by cytoplasmic complexes. Here, we investigate how actin filaments dynamically tune their structure to control the active transfer of membranes between cellular compartments with distinct compositions and biophysical properties. Using intravital subcellular microscopy in live rodents we show that a lattice composed of linear filaments stabilizes the granule membrane after fusion with the plasma membrane and a network of branched filaments linked to the membranes by Ezrin, a regulator of membrane tension, initiates and drives to completion the integration step. Our results highlight how the actin cytoskeleton tunes its structure to adapt to dynamic changes in the biophysical properties of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Heydecker
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Akiko Shitara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Desu Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Duy T Tran
- NIDCR Imaging Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Muhibullah S Tora
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark A Appaduray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jorge Luis Galeano Niño
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abhishek Bhardwaj
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Xu M, Rutkowski DM, Rebowski G, Boczkowska M, Pollard LW, Dominguez R, Vavylonis D, Ostap EM. Myosin-I synergizes with Arp2/3 complex to enhance the pushing forces of branched actin networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado5788. [PMID: 39270022 PMCID: PMC11397503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Class I myosins (myosin-Is) colocalize with Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks at sites of membrane protrusion and invagination, but the mechanisms by which myosin-I motor activity coordinates with branched actin assembly to generate force are unknown. We mimicked the interplay of these proteins using the "comet tail" bead motility assay, where branched actin networks are nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex on the surface of beads coated with myosin-I and nucleation-promoting factor. We observed that myosin-I increased bead movement efficiency by thinning actin networks without affecting growth rates. Myosin-I triggered symmetry breaking and comet tail formation in dense networks resistant to spontaneous fracturing. Even with arrested actin assembly, myosin-I alone could break the network. Computational modeling recapitulated these observations, suggesting myosin-I acts as a repulsive force shaping the network's architecture and boosting its force-generating capacity. We propose that myosin-I leverages its power stroke to amplify the forces generated by Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xu
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Grzegorz Rebowski
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Malgorzata Boczkowska
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luther W. Pollard
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - E. Michael Ostap
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Johnson A. Mechanistic divergences of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicle formation in mammals, yeasts and plants. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261847. [PMID: 39161994 PMCID: PMC11361644 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), generated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), are essential eukaryotic trafficking organelles that transport extracellular and plasma membrane-bound materials into the cell. In this Review, we explore mechanisms of CME in mammals, yeasts and plants, and highlight recent advances in the characterization of endocytosis in plants. Plants separated from mammals and yeast over 1.5 billion years ago, and plant cells have distinct biophysical parameters that can influence CME, such as extreme turgor pressure. Plants can therefore provide a wider perspective on fundamental processes in eukaryotic cells. We compare key mechanisms that drive CCV formation and explore what these mechanisms might reveal about the core principles of endocytosis across the tree of life. Fascinatingly, CME in plants appears to more closely resemble that in mammalian cells than that in yeasts, despite plants being evolutionarily further from mammals than yeast. Endocytic initiation appears to be highly conserved across these three systems, requiring similar protein domains and regulatory processes. Clathrin coat proteins and their honeycomb lattice structures are also highly conserved. However, major differences are found in membrane-bending mechanisms. Unlike in mammals or yeast, plant endocytosis occurs independently of actin, highlighting that mechanistic assumptions about CME across different systems should be made with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Johnson
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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4
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Ai Y, Guo C, Garcia-Contreras M, Sánchez B. LS, Saftics A, Shodubi O, Raghunandan S, Xu J, Tsai SJ, Dong Y, Li R, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Gould SJ. Endocytosis blocks the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi9156. [PMID: 38718108 PMCID: PMC11078179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted vesicles of ~30 to 150 nm diameter that play important roles in human health and disease. To better understand how cells release these vesicles, we examined the biogenesis of the most highly enriched human exosome marker proteins, the exosomal tetraspanins CD81, CD9, and CD63. We show here that endocytosis inhibits their vesicular secretion and, in the case of CD9 and CD81, triggers their destruction. Furthermore, we show that syntenin, a previously described exosome biogenesis factor, drives the vesicular secretion of CD63 by blocking CD63 endocytosis and that other endocytosis inhibitors also induce the plasma membrane accumulation and vesicular secretion of CD63. Finally, we show that CD63 is an expression-dependent inhibitor of endocytosis that triggers the vesicular secretion of lysosomal proteins and the clathrin adaptor AP-2 mu2. These results suggest that the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins in exosome-sized vesicles occurs primarily by an endocytosis-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Contreras
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Laura S. Sánchez B.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Oluwapelumi Shodubi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shankar Raghunandan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Junhao Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shang Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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5
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Jin M, Iwamoto Y, Shirazinejad C, Drubin DG. Intersectin1 promotes clathrin-mediated endocytosis by organizing and stabilizing endocytic protein interaction networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590579. [PMID: 38712149 PMCID: PMC11071352 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
During clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), dozens of proteins are recruited to nascent CME sites on the plasma membrane. Coordination of endocytic protein recruitment in time and space is important for efficient CME. Here, we show that the multivalent scaffold protein intersectin1 (ITSN1) promotes CME by organizing and stabilizing endocytic protein interaction networks. By live-cell imaging of genome-edited cells, we observed that endogenously labeled ITSN1 is recruited to CME sites shortly after they begin to assemble. Knocking down ITSN1 impaired endocytic protein recruitment during the stabilization stage of CME site assembly. Artificially locating ITSN1 to the mitochondria surface was sufficient to assemble puncta consisting of CME initiation proteins, including EPS15, FCHO, adaptor proteins, the AP2 complex and epsin1 (EPN1), and the vesicle scission GTPase dynamin2 (DNM2). ITSN1 can form puncta and recruit DNM2 independently of EPS15/FCHO or EPN1. Our work redefines ITSN1's primary endocytic role as organizing and stabilizing the CME protein interaction networks rather than a previously suggested role in initiation and provides new insights into the multi-step and multi-zone organization of CME site assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Jin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Current Address: Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl 32611, USA
| | - Yuichiro Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cyna Shirazinejad
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David G. Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lead author
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6
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Xu M, Rutkowski DM, Rebowski G, Boczkowska M, Pollard LW, Dominguez R, Vavylonis D, Ostap EM. Myosin-I Synergizes with Arp2/3 Complex to Enhance Pushing Forces of Branched Actin Networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579714. [PMID: 38405741 PMCID: PMC10888859 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Myosin-Is colocalize with Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks at sites of membrane protrusion and invagination, but the mechanisms by which myosin-I motor activity coordinates with branched actin assembly to generate force are unknown. We mimicked the interplay of these proteins using the "comet tail" bead motility assay, where branched actin networks are nucleated by Arp2/3 complex on the surface of beads coated with myosin-I and the WCA domain of N-WASP. We observed that myosin-I increased bead movement efficiency by thinning actin networks without affecting growth rates. Remarkably, myosin-I triggered symmetry breaking and comet-tail formation in dense networks resistant to spontaneous fracturing. Even with arrested actin assembly, myosin-I alone could break the network. Computational modeling recapitulated these observations suggesting myosin-I acts as a repulsive force shaping the network's architecture and boosting its force-generating capacity. We propose that myosin-I leverages its power stroke to amplify the forces generated by Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xu
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Grzegorz Rebowski
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Malgorzata Boczkowska
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Luther W Pollard
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - E Michael Ostap
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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7
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Wu LG, Chan CY. Membrane transformations of fusion and budding. Nat Commun 2024; 15:21. [PMID: 38167896 PMCID: PMC10761761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion and budding mediate fundamental processes like intracellular trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis. Fusion is thought to open a nanometer-range pore that may subsequently close or dilate irreversibly, whereas budding transforms flat membranes into vesicles. Reviewing recent breakthroughs in real-time visualization of membrane transformations well exceeding this classical view, we synthesize a new model and describe its underlying mechanistic principles and functions. Fusion involves hemi-to-full fusion, pore expansion, constriction and/or closure while fusing vesicles may shrink, enlarge, or receive another vesicle fusion; endocytosis follows exocytosis primarily by closing Ω-shaped profiles pre-formed through the flat-to-Λ-to-Ω-shape transition or formed via fusion. Calcium/SNARE-dependent fusion machinery, cytoskeleton-dependent membrane tension, osmotic pressure, calcium/dynamin-dependent fission machinery, and actin/dynamin-dependent force machinery work together to generate fusion and budding modes differing in pore status, vesicle size, speed and quantity, controls release probability, synchronization and content release rates/amounts, and underlies exo-endocytosis coupling to maintain membrane homeostasis. These transformations, underlying mechanisms, and functions may be conserved for fusion and budding in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Gang Wu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Chung Yu Chan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Heydecker M, Shitara A, Chen D, Tran D, Masedunskas A, Tora M, Ebrahim S, Appaduray MA, Galeano Niño JL, Bhardwaj A, Narayan K, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW, Weigert R. Spatial and Temporal Coordination of Force-generating Actin-based Modules Drives Membrane Remodeling In Vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.04.569944. [PMID: 38168275 PMCID: PMC10760165 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Membrane remodeling drives a broad spectrum of cellular functions, and it is regulated through mechanical forces exerted on the membrane by cytoplasmic complexes. Here, we investigate how actin filaments dynamically tune their structure to control the active transfer of membranes between cellular compartments with distinct compositions and biophysical properties. Using intravital subcellular microscopy in live rodents we show that: a lattice composed of linear filaments stabilizes the granule membrane after fusion with the plasma membrane; and a network of branched filaments linked to the membranes by Ezrin, a regulator of membrane tension, initiates and drives to completion the integration step. Our results highlight how the actin cytoskeleton tunes its structure to adapt to dynamic changes in the biophysical properties of membranes.
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9
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Guo S, Hoeprich GJ, Magliozzi JO, Gelles J, Goode BL. Dynamic remodeling of actin networks by cyclase-associated protein and CAP-Abp1 complexes. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4484-4495.e5. [PMID: 37797614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
How actin filaments are spatially organized and remodeled into diverse higher-order networks in vivo is still not well understood. Here, we report an unexpected F-actin "coalescence" activity driven by cyclase-associated protein (CAP) and enhanced by its interactions with actin-binding protein 1 (Abp1). We directly observe S. cerevisiae CAP and Abp1 rapidly transforming branched or linear actin networks by bundling and sliding filaments past each other, maximizing filament overlap, and promoting compaction into bundles. This activity does not require ATP and is conserved, as similar behaviors are observed for the mammalian homologs of CAP and Abp1. Coalescence depends on the CAP oligomerization domain but not the helical folded domain (HFD) that mediates its functions in F-actin severing and depolymerization. Coalescence by CAP-Abp1 further depends on interactions between CAP and Abp1 and interactions between Abp1 and F-actin. Our results are consistent with a mechanism in which the formation of energetically favorable sliding CAP and CAP-Abp1 crosslinks drives F-actin bundle compaction. Roles for CAP and CAP-Abp1 in actin remodeling in vivo are supported by strong phenotypes arising from deletion of the CAP oligomerization domain and by genetic interactions between sac6Δ and an srv2-301 mutant that does not bind Abp1. Together, these observations identify a new actin filament remodeling function for CAP, which is further enhanced by its direct interactions with Abp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Guo
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Gregory J Hoeprich
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Joseph O Magliozzi
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Jeff Gelles
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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10
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Baschieri F, Illand A, Barbazan J, Zajac O, Henon C, Loew D, Dingli F, Vignjevic DM, Lévêque-Fort S, Montagnac G. Fibroblasts generate topographical cues that steer cancer cell migration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2120. [PMID: 37585527 PMCID: PMC10431708 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a fundamental role in tumor development. Among other functions, they regulate cancer cells' migration through rearranging the extracellular matrix, secreting soluble factors, and establishing direct physical contacts with cancer cells. Here, we report that migrating fibroblasts deposit on the substrate a network of tubular structures that serves as a guidance cue for cancer cell migration. Such membranous tubular network, hereafter called tracks, is stably anchored to the substrate in a β5-integrin-dependent manner. We found that cancer cells specifically adhere to tracks by using clathrin-coated structures that pinch and engulf tracks. Tracks thus represent a spatial memory of fibroblast migration paths that is read and erased by cancer cells directionally migrating along them. We propose that fibroblast tracks represent a topography-based intercellular communication system capable of steering cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baschieri
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Abigail Illand
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut des sciences moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, Orsay, France
| | - Jorge Barbazan
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Olivier Zajac
- Institut Curie, UMR144, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Henon
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut des sciences moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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11
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Yu Y, Yoshimura SH. Self-assembly of CIP4 drives actin-mediated asymmetric pit-closing in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4602. [PMID: 37528083 PMCID: PMC10393992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is pivotal to signal transduction pathways between the extracellular environment and the intracellular space. Evidence from live-cell imaging and super-resolution microscopy of mammalian cells suggests an asymmetric distribution of actin fibres near the clathrin-coated pit, which induces asymmetric pit-closing rather than radial constriction. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of this 'asymmetricity' remain elusive. Herein, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy to demonstrate that CIP4, a multi-domain protein with a classic F-BAR domain and intrinsically disordered regions, is necessary for asymmetric pit-closing. Strong self-assembly of CIP4 via intrinsically disordered regions, together with stereospecific interactions with the curved membrane and actin-regulating proteins, generates a small actin-rich environment near the pit, which deforms the membrane and closes the pit. Our results provide mechanistic insights into how disordered and structured domain collaboration promotes spatio-temporal actin polymerisation near the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yu
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shige H Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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12
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Ai Y, Guo C, Garcia-Contreras M, Sanchez LS, Saftics A, Shodubi O, Raghunandan S, Xu J, Tsai SJ, Dong Y, Li R, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Gould S. Syntenin and CD63 Promote Exosome Biogenesis from the Plasma Membrane by Blocking Cargo Endocytosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542409. [PMID: 37292617 PMCID: PMC10245948 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles important in health and disease. Syntenin is thought to drive the biogenesis of CD63 exosomes by recruiting Alix and the ESCRT machinery to endosomes, initiating an endosome-mediated pathway of exosome biogenesis. Contrary to this model, we show here that syntenin drives the biogenesis of CD63 exosomes by blocking CD63 endocytosis, thereby allowing CD63 to accumulate at the plasma membrane, the primary site of exosome biogenesis. Consistent with these results, we find that inhibitors of endocytosis induce the exosomal secretion of CD63, that endocytosis inhibits the vesicular secretion of exosome cargo proteins, and that high-level expression of CD63 itself also inhibits endocytosis. These and other results indicate that exosomes bud primarily from the plasma membrane, that endocytosis inhibits their loading into exosomes, that syntenin and CD63 are expression-dependent regulators of exosome biogenesis, and that syntenin drives the biogenesis of CD63 exosomes even in Alix knockout cells.
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13
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Campellone KG, Lebek NM, King VL. Branching out in different directions: Emerging cellular functions for the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family actin nucleation factors. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151301. [PMID: 36907023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton impacts practically every function of a eukaryotic cell. Historically, the best-characterized cytoskeletal activities are in cell morphogenesis, motility, and division. The structural and dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton are also crucial for establishing, maintaining, and changing the organization of membrane-bound organelles and other intracellular structures. Such activities are important in nearly all animal cells and tissues, although distinct anatomical regions and physiological systems rely on different regulatory factors. Recent work indicates that the Arp2/3 complex, a broadly expressed actin nucleator, drives actin assembly during several intracellular stress response pathways. These newly described Arp2/3-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements are coordinated by members of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation-promoting factors. Thus, the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family proteins are emerging as crucial players in cytoplasmic and nuclear activities including autophagy, apoptosis, chromatin dynamics, and DNA repair. Characterizations of the functions of the actin assembly machinery in such stress response mechanisms are advancing our understanding of both normal and pathogenic processes, and hold great promise for providing insights into organismal development and interventions for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Nadine M Lebek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Virginia L King
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
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14
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Gupta S, Santangelo CD, Patteson AE, Schwarz JM. How cells wrap around virus-like particles using extracellular filamentous protein structures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526272. [PMID: 36778225 PMCID: PMC9915516 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by the noted presence of extracellular vimentin affecting viral and bacteria uptake, as well as the structure of coronaviruses, we construct a computational model in which both the cell-like construct and the virus-like construct contain filamentous protein structures protruding from their surfaces. We then study the impact of these additional degrees of freedom on viral wrapping. We find that cells with an optimal density of filamentous extracellular components (ECCs) are more likely to be infected as they uptake the virus faster and use relatively less cell surface area per individual virus. At the optimal density, the cell surface folds around the virus, and folds are faster and more efficient at wrapping the virus than crumple-like wrapping. We also find that cell surface bending rigidity helps generate folds, as bending rigidity enhances force transmission across the surface. However, changing other mechanical parameters, such as the stretching stiffness of filamentous ECCs or virus spikes, can drive crumple-like formation of the cell surface. We conclude with the implications of our study on the evolutionary pressures of virus-like particles, with a particular focus on the cellular microenvironment that may include filamentous ECCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
| | | | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
| | - J M Schwarz
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
- Indian Creek Farm, Ithaca, NY USA
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15
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Akatay AA, Wu T, Djakbarova U, Thompson C, Cocucci E, Zandi R, Rudnick J, Kural C. Endocytosis at extremes: Formation and internalization of giant clathrin-coated pits under elevated membrane tension. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:959737. [PMID: 36213118 PMCID: PMC9532848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.959737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalization of clathrin-coated vesicles from the plasma membrane constitutes the major endocytic route for receptors and their ligands. Dynamic and structural properties of endocytic clathrin coats are regulated by the mechanical properties of the plasma membrane. Here, we used conventional fluorescence imaging and multiple modes of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to image formation of endocytic clathrin coats within live cells and tissues of developing fruit fly embryos. High resolution in both spatial and temporal domains allowed us to detect and characterize distinct classes of clathrin-coated structures. Aside from the clathrin pits and plaques detected in distinct embryonic tissues, we report, for the first time, formation of giant coated pits (GCPs) that can be up to two orders of magnitude larger than the canonical pits. In cultured cells, we show that GCP formation is induced by increased membrane tension. GCPs take longer to grow but their mechanism of curvature generation is the same as the canonical pits. We also demonstrate that GCPs split into smaller fragments during internalization. Considering the supporting roles played by actin filament dynamics under mechanically stringent conditions that slow down completion of clathrin coats, we suggest that local changes in the coat curvature driven by actin machinery can drive splitting and internalization of GCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ata Akatay
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tianyao Wu
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Umidahan Djakbarova
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cristopher Thompson
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Roya Zandi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Rudnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Comert Kural
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Comert Kural,
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