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Zhang D, Gong H, Liu T, Yu J, Kuang P. Engineering antibonding orbital occupancy of NiMoO 4-supported Ru nanoparticles for enhanced chlorine evolution reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 672:423-430. [PMID: 38850867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is crucial for industrial-scale production of high-purity Cl2. Despite the development of classical dimensionally stable anodes to enhance CER efficiency, the competitive oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a barrier to achieving high Cl2 selectivity. Herein, a binder-free electrode, Ru nanoparticles (NPs)-decorated NiMoO4 nanorod arrays (NRAs) supported on Ti foam (Ru-NiMoO4/Ti), was designed for active CER in saturated NaCl solution (pH = 2). The Ru-NiMoO4/Ti electrode exhibits a low overpotential of 20 mV at 10 mA cm-2 current density, a high Cl2 selectivity exceeding 90%, and robust durability for 90h operation. The marked difference in Tafel slopes between CER and OER indicates the high Cl2 selectivity and superior reaction kinetics of Ru-NiMoO4/Ti electrode. Further studies reveal a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between Ru and NiMoO4, facilitating electron transfer through the Ru-O bridge bond and increasing the Ru 3d-Cl 2p antibonding orbital occupancy, which eventually results in weakened Ru-Cl bonding, promoted Cl desorption, and enhanced Cl2 evolution. Our findings provide new insights into developing electrodes with enhanced CER performance through antibonding orbital occupancy engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Haiming Gong
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Panyong Kuang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan 430078, China.
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Kang W, Meng S, Zhao Y, Xu J, Wu S, Zhao K, Chen S, Niu J, Yu H, Quan X. Scaling-Free Cathodes: Enabling Electrochemical Extraction of High-Purity Nano-CaCO 3 and -Mg(OH) 2 in Seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14034-14041. [PMID: 39048519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
For electrochemical application in seawater or brine, continuous scaling on cathodes will form insulation layers, making it nearly impossible to run an electrochemical reaction continuously. Herein, we report our discovery that a cathode consisting of conical nanobundle arrays with hydrophobic surfaces exhibits a unique scaling-free function. The hydrophobic surfaces will be covered with microbubbles created by electrolytic water splitting, which limits scale crystals from standing only on nanotips of conical nanobundles, and the bursting of large bubbles formed by the accumulation of microbubbles will cause a violent disturbance, removing scale crystals automatically from nanotips. Benefiting from the scaling-free properties of the cathode, high-purity nano-CaCO3 (98.9%) and nano-Mg(OH)2 (99.5%) were extracted from seawater. This novel scaling-free cathode is expected to eliminate the inherent limitations of electrochemical technology and open up a new route to seawater mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Kang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shiyu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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3
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Li S, Shi L, Guo Y, Wang J, Liu D, Zhao S. Selective oxygen reduction reaction: mechanism understanding, catalyst design and practical application. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11188-11228. [PMID: 39055002 PMCID: PMC11268513 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02853h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key component for many clean energy technologies and other industrial processes. However, the low selectivity and the sluggish reaction kinetics of ORR catalysts have hampered the energy conversion efficiency and real application of these new technologies mentioned before. Recently, tremendous efforts have been made in mechanism understanding, electrocatalyst development and system design. Here, a comprehensive and critical review is provided to present the recent advances in the field of the electrocatalytic ORR. The two-electron and four-electron transfer catalytic mechanisms and key evaluation parameters of the ORR are discussed first. Then, the up-to-date synthetic strategies and in situ characterization techniques for ORR electrocatalysts are systematically summarized. Lastly, a brief overview of various renewable energy conversion devices and systems involving the ORR, including fuel cells, metal-air batteries, production of hydrogen peroxide and other chemical synthesis processes, along with some challenges and opportunities, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Shenlong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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4
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Li Y, Niu S, Liu P, Pan R, Zhang H, Ahmad N, Shi Y, Liang X, Cheng M, Chen S, Du J, Hu M, Wang D, Chen W, Li Y. Ruthenium Nanoclusters and Single Atoms on α-MoC/N-Doped Carbon Achieves Low-Input/Input-Free Hydrogen Evolution via Decoupled/Coupled Hydrazine Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316755. [PMID: 38739420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The hydrazine oxidation-assisted H2 evolution method promises low-input and input-free hydrogen production. However, developing high-performance catalysts for hydrazine oxidation (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution (HER) is challenging. Here, we introduce a bifunctional electrocatalyst α-MoC/N-C/RuNSA, merging ruthenium (Ru) nanoclusters (NCs) and single atoms (SA) into cubic α-MoC nanoparticles-decorated N-doped carbon (α-MoC/N-C) nanowires, through electrodeposition. The composite showcases exceptional activity for both HzOR and HER, requiring -80 mV and -9 mV respectively to reach 10 mA cm-2. Theoretical and experimental insights confirm the importance of two Ru species for bifunctionality: NCs enhance the conductivity, and its coexistence with SA balances the H ad/desorption for HER and facilitates the initial dehydrogenation during the HzOR. In the overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) system, α-MoC/N-C/RuNSA excels as both anode and cathode materials, achieving 10 mA cm-2 at just 64 mV. The zinc hydrazine (Zn-Hz) battery assembled with α-MoC/N-C/RuNSA cathode and Zn foil anode can exhibit 97.3 % energy efficiency, as well as temporary separation of hydrogen gas during the discharge process. Therefore, integrating Zn-Hz with OHzS system enables self-powered H2 evolution, even in hydrazine sewage. Overall, the amalgamation of NCs with SA achieves diverse catalytic activities for yielding multifold hydrogen gas through advanced cell-integrated-electrolyzer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Peigen Liu
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Huaikun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shenghua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Du
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Ren Y, Fan F, Zhang Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao J, Tang B, Cui G. A Dual-Cation Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer for Continuous H 2 Production from Seawater. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401702. [PMID: 38569463 PMCID: PMC11220719 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Direct seawater splitting (DSS) offers an aspirational route toward green hydrogen (H2) production but remains challenging when operating in a practically continuous manner, mainly due to the difficulty in establishing the water supply-consumption balance under the interference from impurity ions. A DSS system is reported for continuous ampere-level H2 production by coupling a dual-cation exchange membrane (CEM) three-compartment architecture with a circulatory electrolyte design. Monovalent-selective CEMs decouple the transmembrane water migration from interferences of Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl- ions while maintaining ionic neutrality during electrolysis; the self-loop concentrated alkaline electrolyte ensures the constant gradient of water chemical potential, allowing a specific water supply-consumption balance relationship in a seawater-electrolyte-H2 sequence to be built among an expanded current range. Even paired with commercialized Ni foams, this electrolyzer (model size: 2 × 2 cm2) continuously produces H2 from flowing seawater with a rate of 7.5 mL min-1 at an industrially relevant current of 1.0 A over 100 h. More importantly, the energy consumption can be further reduced by coupling more efficient NiMo/NiFe foams (≈6.2 kWh Nm-3 H2 at 1.0 A), demonstrating the potential to further optimize the continuous DSS electrolyzer for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Ren
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Faying Fan
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Yaojian Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Lin Chen
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Jiedong Li
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Bo Tang
- Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao266237China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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6
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Wu H, Li Y, Li H, Wu F, Li L, Xu X, Gao Y. Compressively Strained Fe 3O 4 in Core-Shell Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst Boosts Zinc-Air Battery Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404065. [PMID: 38949396 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Fe3O4 is barely taken into account as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), an important reaction for metal-air batteries and fuel cells, due to its sluggish catalytic kinetics and poor electron conductivity. Herein, how strain engineering can be employed to regulate the local electronic structure of Fe3O4 for high ORR activity is reported. Compressively strained Fe3O4 shells with 2.0% shortened Fe─O bond are gained on the Fe/Fe4N cores as a result of lattice mismatch at the interface. A downshift of the d-band center occurs for compressed Fe3O4, leading to weakened chemisorption energy of oxygenated intermediates, and lower reaction overpotential. The compressed Fe3O4 exhibits greatly enhanced electrocatalytic ORR activity with a kinetic current density of 27 times higher than that of pristine one at 0.80 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), as well as potential application in zinc-air batteries. The findings provide a new strategy for tuning electronic structures and improving the catalytic activity of other metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yudan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Haobo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lihong Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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Yu Z, Xia G, Diaconescu VM, Simonelli L, LaGrow AP, Tai Z, Xiang X, Xiong D, Liu L. Atomically dispersed dinuclear iridium active sites for efficient and stable electrocatalytic chlorine evolution reaction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9216-9223. [PMID: 38903208 PMCID: PMC11186302 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical anode reaction in chlor-alkali electrolysis. Although precious metal-based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) have long been used as CER catalysts, they suffer from high cost and poor selectivity due to the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Single-atom catalysts (SACs), featuring high atom utilization efficiency, have captured widespread interest in diverse applications. However, the single-atom sites in SACs are generally recognized as independent motifs and the interplay of adjacent sites is largely overlooked. Herein, we report a "precursor-preselected" cage-encapsulated strategy to synthesize atomically dispersed dinuclear iridium active sites bridged by oxygen that are supported on nitrogen-doped carbon (Ir2-ONC). The dinuclear Ir2-ONC catalyst exhibits a CER onset potential of 1.375 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode, a high faradaic efficiency of >95%, and a high mass activity of 14321.6 A gIr -1, much better than the Ir SACs, which demonstrates the significance of coordination and electronic structure regulation for atomically dispersed catalysts. Density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the unique dinuclear structure facilitates Cl- adsorption, resulting in improved catalytic CER performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808 P. R. China
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga 4715-330 Braga Portugal
| | - Guangjie Xia
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University Dongguan 523808 P. R. China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study Dongguan 523000 P. R. China
| | | | - Laura Simonelli
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer Llum 2-26 Cerdanyola del Valles Barcelona 08290 Spain
| | - Alec P LaGrow
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga 4715-330 Braga Portugal
- Scientific Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Kunigami-gun Okinawa 904-0412 Japan
| | - Zhixin Tai
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga 4715-330 Braga Portugal
| | - Xinyi Xiang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808 P. R. China
| | - Dehua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808 P. R. China
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga 4715-330 Braga Portugal
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8
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Lv L, Tan H, Kong Y, Tang B, Ji Q, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhuang Z, Wang H, Ge M, Fan M, Wang D, Yan W. Breaking the Scaling Relationship in C-N Coupling via the Doping Effects for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401943. [PMID: 38594205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-N coupling reaction based on carbon dioxide and nitrate have been emerged as a new "green synthetic strategy" for the synthesis of urea, but the catalytic efficiency is seriously restricted by the inherent scaling relations of adsorption energies of the active sites, the improvement of catalytic activity is frequently accompanied by the decrease in selectivity. Herein, a doping engineering strategy was proposed to break the scaling relationship of intermediate binding and minimize the kinetic barrier of C-N coupling. A thus designed SrCo0.39Ru0.61O3-δ catalyst achieves a urea yield rate of 1522 μg h-1 mgcat. -1 and faradic efficiency of 34.1 % at -0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. A series of characterizations revealed that Co doping not only induces lattice distortion but also creates rich oxygen vacancies (OV) in the SrRuO3. The oxygen vacancies weaken the adsorption of *CO and *NH2 intermediates on the Co and Ru sites respectively, and the strain effects over the Co-Ru dual sites promoting the occurrence of C-N coupling of the two monomers instead of selective hydrogenating to form by-products. This work presents an insight into molecular coupling reactions towards urea synthesis via the doping engineering on SrRuO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Lv
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hao Tan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Kong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical, Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bing Tang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Ji
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zechao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Min Ge
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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9
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Shan J, Jin X, Zhang C, Huang M, Xing J, Li Q, Cui Y, Niu Q, Chen XL, Wang X. Metal natural product complex Ru-procyanidins with quadruple enzymatic activity combat infections from drug-resistant bacteria. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2298-2316. [PMID: 38799629 PMCID: PMC11121202 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection hampers wound repair by impeding the healing process. Concurrently, inflammation at the wound site triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and damage to proteins and cells. This can lead to chronic wounds, posing severe risks. Therefore, eliminating bacterial infection and reducing ROS levels are crucial for effective wound healing. Nanozymes, possessing enzyme-like catalytic activity, can convert endogenous substances into highly toxic substances, such as ROS, to combat bacteria and biofilms without inducing drug resistance. However, the current nanozyme model with single enzyme activity falls short of meeting the complex requirements of antimicrobial therapy. Thus, developing nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities is essential. Herein, we engineered a novel metalloenzyme called Ru-procyanidin nanoparticles (Ru-PC NPs) with diverse enzymatic activities to aid wound healing and combat bacterial infections. Under acidic conditions, due to their glutathione (GSH) depletion and peroxidase (POD)-like activity, Ru-PC NPs combined with H2O2 exhibit excellent antibacterial effects. However, in a neutral environment, the Ru-PC NPs, with catalase (CAT) activity, decompose H2O2 to O2, alleviating hypoxia and ensuring a sufficient oxygen supply. Furthermore, Ru-PC NPs possess exceptional antioxidant capacity through their superior superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, effectively scavenging excess ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in a neutral environment. This maintains the balance of the antioxidant system and prevents inflammation. Ru-PC NPs also promote the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2, facilitating wound healing. More importantly, Ru-PC NPs show good biosafety with negligible toxicity. In vivo wound infection models have confirmed the efficacy of Ru-PC NPs in inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting wound healing. The focus of this work highlights the quadruple enzymatic activity of Ru-PC NPs and its potential to reduce inflammation and promote bacteria-infected wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shan
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Muchen Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jianghao Xing
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qingrong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuyu Cui
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xu Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
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10
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Zhu W, Wei Z, Ma Y, Ren M, Fu X, Li M, Zhang C, Wang J, Guo S. Energy-Efficient Electrosynthesis of High Value-Added Active Chlorine Coupled with H 2 Generation from Direct Seawater Electrolysis through Decoupling Electrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319798. [PMID: 38353370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Direct saline (seawater) electrolysis is a well-recognized system to generate active chlorine species for the chloride-mediated electrosynthesis, environmental remediation and sterilization over the past few decades. However, the large energy consumption originated from the high cell voltage of traditional direct saline electrolysis system, greatly restricts its practical application. Here, we report an acid-saline hybrid electrolysis system for energy-saving co-electrosynthesis of active chlorine and H2. We demonstrate that this system just requires a low cell voltage of 1.59 V to attain 10 mA cm-2 with a large energy consumption decrease of 27.7 % compared to direct saline electrolysis system (2.20 V). We further demonstrate that such acid-saline hybrid electrolysis system could be extended to realize energy-saving and sustainable seawater electrolysis. The acidified seawater in this system can absolutely avoid the formation of Ca/Mg-based sediments that always form in the seawater electrolysis system. We also prove that this system in the half-flow mode can realize real-time preparation of active chlorine used for sterilization and pea sprout production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziyi Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiyue Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meirong Ren
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 2, 6708, PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xue Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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11
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Yang J, Zhu C, Li WH, Zheng X, Wang D. Organocatalyst Supported by a Single-Atom Support Accelerates both Electrodes used in the Chlor-Alkali Industry via Modification of Non-Covalent Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314382. [PMID: 38182547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Consuming one of the largest amount of electricity, the chlor-alkali industry supplies basic chemicals for society, which mainly consists of two reactions, hydrogen evolution (HER) and chlorine evolution reaction (CER). Till now, the state-of-the-art catalyst applied in this field is still the dimensional stable anode (DSA), which consumes a large amount of noble metal of Ru and Ir. It is thus necessary to develop new types of catalysts. In this study, an organocatalyst anchored on the single-atom support (SAS) is put forward. It exhibits high catalytic efficiency towards both HER and CER with an overpotential of 21 mV and 20 mV at 10 mA cm-2 . With this catalyst on both electrodes, the energy consumption is cut down by 1.2 % compared with the commercial system under industrial conditions. Based on this novel catalyst and the high activity, the mechanism of modifying non-covalent interaction is demonstrated to be reliable for the catalyst's design. This work not only provides efficient catalysts for the chlor-alkali industry but also points out that the SACs can also act as support, providing new twists for the development of SACs and organic molecules in the next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Xu Y, Wang M, Sajid M, Meng Y, Xie Z, Sun L, Jin J, Chen W, Zhang S. Organocatalytic Lithium Chloride Oxidation by Covalent Organic Frameworks for Rechargeable Lithium-Chlorine Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315931. [PMID: 38050465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable Li-Cl2 battery is a promising high energy density battery system. However, reasonable cycle life could only be achieved under low specific capacities due to the sluggish oxidation of LiCl to Cl2 . Herein, we propose an amine-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) with catalytic activity, namely COF-NH2 , that significantly decreases the oxidation barrier of LiCl and accelerates the oxidation kinetics of LiCl in Li-Cl2 cell. The resulting Li-Cl2 cell using COF-NH2 (Li-Cl2 @COF-NH2 ) simultaneously exhibits low overpotential, ultrahigh discharge capacity up to 3500 mAh/g and a promoted utilization ratio of deposited LiCl at the first cycle (UR-LiCl) of 81.4 %, which is one of the highest reported values to date. Furthermore, the Li-Cl2 @COF-NH2 cell could be stably cycled for over 200 cycles when operating at a capacity of 2000 mAh/g at -20 °C with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈100 % and a discharge plateau of 3.5 V. Our superior Li-Cl2 batteries enabled by organocatalyst enlighten an arena towards high-energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yahan Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zehui Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shenxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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13
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Fan HS, Liang X, Ma FX, Zhang G, Liu ZQ, Zhen L, Zeng XC, Xu CY. Low-Potential Iodide Oxidation Enables Dual-Atom CoFe─N─C Catalysts for Ultra-Stable and High-Energy-Efficiency Zn-Air Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307863. [PMID: 37822157 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The low energy efficiency and limited cycling life of rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs) arising from the sluggish oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OERs) severely hinder their commercial deployment. Herein, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived strategy associated with subsequent thermal fixing treatment is proposed to fabricate dual-atom CoFe─N─C nanorods (Co1 Fe1 ─N─C NRs) containing atomically dispersed bimetallic Co/Fe sites, which can promote the energy efficiency and cyclability of ZABs simultaneously by introducing the low-potential oxidation redox reactions. Compared to the mono-metallic nanorods, Co1 Fe1 ─N─C NRs exhibit remarkable ORR performance including a positive half-wave potential of 0.933 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in alkaline electrolyte. Surprisingly, after introducing the potassium iodide (KI) additive, the oxidation overpotential of Co1 Fe1 ─N─C NRs to reach 10 mA cm-2 can be significantly reduced by 395 mV compared to the conventional destructive OER. Theoretical calculations show that the markedly decreased overpotential of iodide oxidation can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of neighboring Co─Fe diatomic sites as the unique adsorption sites. Overall, aqueous ZABs assembled with Co1 Fe1 ─N─C NRs and KI as the air-cathode catalyst and electrolyte additive, respectively, can deliver a low charging voltage of 1.76 V and ultralong cycling stability of over 230 h with a high energy efficiency of ≈68%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shuang Fan
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiongyi Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Qi Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liang Zhen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
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14
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Li Y, Zuo S, Wei F, Chen C, Zhang G, Zhao X, Wu Z, Wang S, Zhou W, Rueping M, Han Y, Zhang H. Boosted hydrogen evolution kinetics of heteroatom-doped carbons with isolated Zn as an accelerant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315362121. [PMID: 38261614 PMCID: PMC10835066 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315362121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based single-atom catalysts, a promising candidate in electrocatalysis, offer insights into electron-donating effects of metal center on adjacent atoms. Herein, we present a practical strategy to rationally design a model catalyst with a single zinc (Zn) atom coordinated with nitrogen and sulfur atoms in a multilevel carbon matrix. The Zn site exhibits an atomic interface configuration of ZnN4S1, where Zn's electron injection effect enables thermal-neutral hydrogen adsorption on neighboring atoms, pushing the activity boundaries of carbon electrocatalysts toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution to an unprecedented level. Experimental and theoretical analyses confirm the low-barrier Volmer-Tafel mechanism of proton reduction, while the multishell hollow structures facilitate the hydrogen evolution even at high current intensities. This work provides insights for understanding the actual active species during hydrogen evolution reaction and paves the way for designing high-performance electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouwei Zuo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guikai Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Faculty of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Magnus Rueping
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huabin Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Yao J, Yang R, Liu C, Zhao BH, Zhang B, Wu Y. Alkynes Electrooxidation to α,α-Dichloroketones in Seawater with Natural Chlorine Participation via Competitive Reaction Inhibition and Tip-Enhanced Reagent Concentration. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:155-162. [PMID: 38292614 PMCID: PMC10823507 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The traditional synthesis of α,α-dichloroketones usually requires corrosive chlorine, harsh reaction conditions, or excessive electrolytes. Here, we report an electrooxidation strategy of ethynylbenzenes to α,α-dichloroketones by directly utilizing seawater as the chlorine source and electrolyte solution without an additional supporting electrolyte. High-curvature NiCo2O4 nanocones are designed to inhibit competitive O2 and Cl2 evolution reactions and concentrate Cl- and OH- ions, accelerating α,α-dichloroketone electrosynthesis. NiCo2O4 nanocones produce 81% yield, 61% Faradaic efficiency, and 44.2 mmol gcat.-1 h-1 yield rate of α,α-dichloroketones, outperforming NiCo2O4 nanosheets. A Cl• radical triggered Cl• and OH• radical addition mechanism is revealed by a variety of radical-trapping and control experiments. The feasibility of a solar-powered electrosynthesis system, methodological universality, and extended synthesis of α,α-dichloroketone-drug blocks confirm its practical potential. This work may provide a sustainable solution to the electrocatalytic synthesis of α,α-dichloroketones via the utilization of seawater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bo-Hang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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16
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Kuchipudi A, Das A, Bera K, Panda SK, Sreedhar G, Kundu S. Empowering the Water Oxidation Activity of the Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework by Annexing Gold Nanoparticles over the Catalytic Surface. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21265-21276. [PMID: 38073275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting to an anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and a cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is believed to be the most important application for sustainable hydrogen generation. Being a four-electron, four-proton transfer process, the OER plays the main obstacle for the same. Therefore, designing an effective electrocatalyst to minimize the activation energy barrier for the OER is a research topic of prime importance. The metal-organic framework (MOF) with a highly porous network is considered an appropriate candidate for the OER in alkaline conditions. Apart from several MOFs, the bimetallic one has an advantageous electrocatalytic performance due to the synergistic electronic interaction between two metal ions. However, most bimetallic MOFs have an obstacle to electrocatalytic application due to their low conductive nature, and therefore, they possess a barrier for charge transfer kinetics at the interface. Surface functionalization via various nanoparticles (NPs) is believed to be the most effective strategy for nullifying the conductive issue. In this work, we have designed a CoNi-based bimetallic MOF that was surface-functionalized by Au NPs (Au@CoNi-Bpy-BTC) for the OER under alkaline conditions. Au@CoNi-Bpy-BTC required an overpotential of just 330 mV, which is 56 mV lower as compared to the pristine MOF. Impedance analysis confirms an improved conductivity and charge transfer at the interface, where Au@CoNi-Bpy-BTC possesses a lower Rct value than CoNi-Bpy-BTC materials. Moreover, the Au-decorated MOF shows an 8.5 times increase in the TOF value compared to the pristine MOF. Therefore, this noble strategy toward the surface functionalization of MOFs via noble metal NPs is believed to be the most effective strategy for developing effective electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic application in energy-related fields. Overall, this report displays an exceptional correlation between the decorated NPs over the MOF surface, which can regulate the OER activity, as confirmed by experimental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kuchipudi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Electroplating and Metal Finishing (EMF) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankit Das
- Center for Education (CFE), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnendu Bera
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subhendu K Panda
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Electroplating and Metal Finishing (EMF) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gosipathala Sreedhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Electroplating and Metal Finishing (EMF) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Zhang X, Ye X, Valencia A, Liu F, Ao K, Yue X, Shi J, Daoud WA, Zhou X. Asymmetric Chemical Potential Activated Nanointerfacial Electric Field for Efficient Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21799-21812. [PMID: 37862692 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Constructing active sites with enhanced intrinsic activity and accessibility in a confined microenvironment is critical for simultaneously upgrading the round-trip efficiency and lifespan of all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) yet remains under-explored. Here, we present nanointerfacial electric fields (E-fields) featuring outstanding intrinsic activity embodied by binary Mo2C-Mo2N sublattice. The asymmetric chemical potential on both sides of the reconstructed heterogeneous interface imposes the charge movement and accumulation near the atomic-scale N-Mo-C binding region, eliciting the configuration of an accelerator-like E-field from Mo2N to Mo2C sublattice. Supported with theoretical calculations and intrinsic activity tests, the improved vanadium ion adsorption behavior and charge-transfer process at the nanointerfacial sites were further substantiated, hence expediting the electrochemical kinetics. Accordingly, the pronounced promotion is achieved in the resultant flow battery, yielding an energy efficiency of 77.7% and an extended lifespan of 1000 cycles at 300 mA cm-2, outperforming flow cells with conventional single catalysts in most previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaolin Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Agnes Valencia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kelong Ao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xian Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Walid A Daoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xuelong Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium-ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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18
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Ding J, Guo D, Wang N, Wang HF, Yang X, Shen K, Chen L, Li Y. Defect Engineered Metal-Organic Framework with Accelerated Structural Transformation for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311909. [PMID: 37671744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been increasingly applied in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the surface of MOFs usually undergoes structural transformation to form metal oxyhydroxides to serve as catalytically active sites. However, the controllable regulation of the reconstruction process of MOFs remains as a great challenge. Here we report a defect engineering strategy to facilitate the structural transformation of MOFs to metal oxyhydroxides during OER with enhanced activity. Defective MOFs (denoted as NiFc'x Fc1-x ) with abundant unsaturated metal sites are constructed by mixing ligands of 1,1'-ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (Fc') and defective ferrocene carboxylic acid (Fc). NiFc'x Fc1-x series are more prone to be transformed to metal oxyhydroxides compared with the non-defective MOFs (NiFc'). Moreover, the as-formed metal oxyhydroxides derived from defective MOFs contain more oxygen vacancies. NiFc'Fc grown on nickel foam exhibits excellent OER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 213 mV at the current density of 100 mA cm-2 , superior to that of undefective NiFc'. Experimental results and theoretical calculations suggest that the abundant oxygen vacancies in the derived metal oxyhydroxides facilitate the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates on active centers, thus significantly improving the OER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Danyu Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Nanshu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao-Fan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- Analytical and Testing Centre, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kui Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Gong Z, Liu J, Yan M, Gong H, Ye G, Fei H. Highly Durable and Efficient Seawater Electrolysis Enabled by Defective Graphene-Confined Nanoreactor. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18372-18381. [PMID: 37702711 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct seawater electrolysis is a promising technology for massive green hydrogen production but is limited by the lack of durable and efficient electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we develop a core-shell nanoreactor as a high-performance OER catalyst consisting of NiFe alloys encapsulated within defective graphene layers (NiFe@DG) by a facile microwave shocking strategy. This catalyst needs overpotentials of merely 218 and 276 mV in alkalized seawater to deliver current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm-2, respectively, and operates continuously for 2000 h with negligible activity decay (1.0%), making it one of the best OER catalysts reported to date. Detailed experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the excellent durability of NiFe@DG originates from the formation of the built-in electric field triggered by the defective graphene coating against chloride ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus protecting the active NiFe alloys at the core from dissolution and aggregation under harsh operation conditions. Further, a highly stable and efficient seawater electrolyzer is assembled with the NiFe@DG anode and the Pt/C cathode to demonstrate the practicability of the catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Gonglan Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilong Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Akbari N, Nandy S, Chae KH, Najafpour MM. Unveiling the Oxygen Evolution Mechanism with FeNi (Hydr)oxide under Neutral Conditions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15766-15776. [PMID: 37700523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale solar-driven water splitting is a way to store energy, but it requires the development of practical and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. The present paper aims to investigate the mechanism of the OER, local pH, high-valent metal ions, limitations, conversions, and details during the OER in the presence of FeNi foam using in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This research also explores the use of in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detecting species on foam surfaces during the OER. The acidic media around the electrode not only limit the process but also affect the phosphate ion protonation and overall catalysis effectiveness. The study proposes that FeNi hydroxides serve as true catalysts for OER under neutral conditions, rather than FeNi phosphates. However, phosphate species remain crucial for proton transfer and water molecule adsorption. Changes observed in pH at the open-circuit potential suggest new insights concerning the coordination of Ni(II) to phosphate ions under certain conditions. By extrapolating the Tafel plot, the overpotential for the onset of OER was determined to be 470 mV. Furthermore, the overpotentials for current densities of 1 and 5 mA/cm2 were 590 and 790 mV, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights into the advancement of the OER catalysts and our understanding of the underlying mechanism for efficient water splitting; both are crucial elements for the purpose of energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Subhajit Nandy
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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Wu B, Huang L, Yan L, Gang H, Cao Y, Wei D, Wang H, Guo Z, Zhang W. Boron-Modulated Electronic-Configuration Tuning of Cobalt for Enhanced Nitric Oxide Fixation to Ammonia. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7120-7128. [PMID: 37490464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction (eNORR) to ammonia (NH3) provides an environmental route to alleviate NO pollution and yield great-value chemicals. The evolution of eNORR has been primarily hindered, however, by the poor reaction kinetics and low solubility of the NO in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, we have rationally designed a cobalt-based composite with a heterostructure as a highly efficient eNORR catalyst. In addition, by integrating boron to modulate the electronic structure, the catalyst CoB/Co@C delivered a significant NH3 yield of 315.4 μmol h-1 cm-2 for eNORR and an outstanding power density of 3.68 mW cm-2 in a Zn-NO battery. The excellent electrochemical performance of CoB/Co@C is attributed to the enrichment of NO by cobalt and boron dual-site adsorption and fast charge-transfer kinetics. It is demonstrated that the boron is pivotal in the enhancement of NO, the suppression of hydrogen evolution, and Co oxidation to boost eNORR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichao Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lvji Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haiyin Gang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dun Wei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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Hashemi N, Nandy S, Aleshkevych P, Chae KH, Najafpour MM. Reaction between Nickel Hydroxide and Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate in Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12157-12165. [PMID: 37462411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been extensively used as a sacrificial oxidant to study water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs). Although nickel hydroxide has been extensively investigated as WOCs, the water-oxidation reaction (WOR) and mechanistic studies in the presence of CAN and nickel hydroxide were rarely performed. Herein, using in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, WOR in the presence of CAN and β-Ni(OH)2 was investigated. The proposed WOR mechanism involves the oxidation of β-Ni(OH)2 by CAN, leading to the formation of γ-NiO(OH). γ-NiO(OH), in the presence of acidic conditions, evolves oxygen and is reduced to Ni(II). In other words, the role of β-Ni(OH)2 is the storage of four oxidizing equivalents by CAN, and then a four-electron reaction could result in a WOR with low activation energy. β-Ni(OH)2 in CAN at concentrations of 0.10 M shows WOR with a maximum turnover frequency and a turnover number (for 1000 s) of 5.5 × 10-5/s and 2.0 × 10-2 mol (O2)/mol(Ni), respectively. In contrast to β-Ni(OH)2, Ni(OH2)62+ (aq) could not be oxidized to γ-NiO(OH). Indeed, Ni(OH2)62+ (aq) is the decomposition product of β-Ni(OH)2/CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negah Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Subhajit Nandy
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Pavlo Aleshkevych
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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