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Fei X, Liu J, Xu J, Jing H, Cai Z, Yan J, Wu Z, Li H, Wang Z, Shen Y. Integrating spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals the alterations in epithelial cells during nodular formation in benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Transl Med 2024; 22:380. [PMID: 38654277 PMCID: PMC11036735 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proliferative nodular formation represents a characteristic pathological feature of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and serves as the primary cause for prostate volume enlargement and consequent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Its specific mechanism is largely unknown, although several cellular processes have been reported to be involved in BPH initiation and development and highlighted the crucial role of epithelial cells in proliferative nodular formation. However, the technological limitations hinder the in vivo investigation of BPH patients. METHODS The robust cell type decomposition (RCTD) method was employed to integrate spatial transcriptomics and single cell RNA sequencing profiles, enabling the elucidation of epithelial cell alterations during nodular formation. Immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining was performed for verification. RESULTS The alterations of epithelial cells during the formation of nodules in BPH was observed, and a distinct subgroup of basal epithelial (BE) cells, referred to as BE5, was identified to play a crucial role in driving this progression through the hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. BE5 served as both the initiating cell during nodular formation and the transitional cell during the transformation from luminal epithelial (LE) to BE cells. A distinguishing characteristic of the BE5 cell subgroup in patients with BPH was its heightened hypoxia and upregulated expression of FOS. Histological verification results confirmed a significant association between c-Fos expression and key biological processes such as hypoxia and cell proliferation, as well as the close relationship between hypoxia and EMT in BPH tissues. Furthermore, a strong link between c-Fos expression and the progression of BPH was also been validated. Additionally, notable functional differences were observed in glandular and stromal nodules regarding BE5 cells, with BE5 in glandular nodules exhibiting enhanced capacities for EMT and cell proliferation characterized by club-like cell markers. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated the comprehensive landscape of epithelial cells during in vivo nodular formation in patients, thereby offering novel insights into the initiation and progression of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Fei
- Department of Urology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China
| | - Jican Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Xu
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Yan
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Department of Urology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201799, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanting Shen
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Neurauter CG, Pannone M, Sousa MMLD, Wang W, Kuśnierczyk A, Luna L, Sætrom P, Scheffler K, Bjørås M. Enhanced glutathione levels confer resistance to apoptotic and ferroptotic programmed cell death in NEIL DNA glycosylase deficient HAP1 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:470-487. [PMID: 38301978 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The NTHL1 and NEIL1-3 DNA glycosylases are major enzymes in the removal of oxidative DNA base lesions, via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. It is expected that lack of these DNA glycosylases activities would render cells vulnerable to oxidative stress, promoting cell death. Intriguingly, we found that single, double, triple, and quadruple DNA glycosylase knockout HAP1 cells are, however, more resistant to oxidative stress caused by genotoxic agents than wild type cells. Furthermore, glutathione depletion in NEIL deficient cells further enhances resistance to cell death induced via apoptosis and ferroptosis. Finally, we observed higher basal level of glutathione and differential expression of NRF2-regulated genes associated with glutathione homeostasis in the NEIL triple KO cells. We propose that lack of NEIL DNA glycosylases causes aberrant transcription and subsequent errors in protein synthesis. This leads to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteotoxic stress. To counteract the elevated intracellular stress, an adaptive response mediated by increased glutathione basal levels, rises in these cells. This study reveals an unforeseen role of NEIL glycosylases in regulation of resistance to oxidative stress, suggesting that modulation of NEIL glycosylase activities is a potential approach to improve the efficacy of e.g. anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gran Neurauter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway.
| | - Marco Pannone
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Luisa Luna
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway.
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Neurology, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, 7006, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
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