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Tessi TM, Maurino VG. AZGs: a new family of cytokinin transporters. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1841-1848. [PMID: 38979638 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are phytohormones structurally similar to purines that play important roles in various aspects of plant physiology and development. The local and long-distance distribution of CKs is very important to control their action throughout the plant body. Over the past decade, several novel CK transporters have been described, many of which have been linked to a physiological function rather than simply their ability to transport the hormone in vitro. Purine permeases, equilibrative nucleotide transporters and ATP-binding cassette transporters are involved in the local and long-range distribution of CK. In addition, members of the Arabidopsis AZA-GUANINE RESISTANT (AZG) protein family, AZG1 and AZG2, have recently been shown to mediate CK uptake at the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. Despite sharing ∼50% homology, AZG1 and AZG2 have unique transport mechanisms, tissue-specific expression patterns, and subcellular localizations that underlie their distinct physiological functions. AZG2 is expressed in a small group of cells in the overlying tissue around the lateral root primordia, where its expression is induced by auxins and it is involved in the regulation of lateral root growth. AZG1 is ubiquitously expressed, with high levels in the division zone of the root apical meristem. Here, it binds and stabilises the auxin efflux carrier PIN1, thereby shaping root architecture, particularly under salt stress. This review highlights the latest findings on the protein properties, transport mechanisms and cellular functions of this new family of CK transporters and discusses perspectives for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas M Tessi
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Cellular Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Zhao J, Wang J, Liu J, Zhang P, Kudoyarova G, Liu CJ, Zhang K. Spatially distributed cytokinins: Metabolism, signaling, and transport. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100936. [PMID: 38689499 PMCID: PMC11287186 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytokinins are mobile phytohormones that regulate plant growth, development, and environmental adaptability. The major cytokinin species include isopentenyl adenine (iP), trans-zeatin (tZ), cis-zeatin (cZ), and dihydrozeatin (DZ). The spatial distributions of different cytokinin species in different organelles, cells, tissues, and organs are primarily shaped by biosynthesis via isopentenyltransferases (IPT), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and 5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase and by conjugation or catabolism via glycosyltransferase or cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase. Cytokinins bind to histidine receptor kinases in the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane and relay signals to response regulators in the nucleus via shuttle proteins known as histidine phosphotransfer proteins. The movements of cytokinins from sites of biosynthesis to sites of signal perception usually require long-distance, intercellular, and intracellular transport. In the past decade, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, purine permeases (PUP), AZA-GUANINE RESISTANT (AZG) transporters, equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT), and Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported transporters (SWEET) have been characterized as involved in cytokinin transport processes. This review begins by introducing the spatial distributions of various cytokinins and the subcellular localizations of the proteins involved in their metabolism and signaling. Highlights focus on an inventory of the characterized transporters involved in cytokinin compartmentalization, including long-distance, intercellular, and intracellular transport, and the regulation of the spatial distributions of cytokinins by environmental cues. Future directions for cytokinin research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhe Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Penghong Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center, RAS, Prospekt Oktyabrya 69, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China.
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Siegl A, Afjehi-Sadat L, Wienkoop S. Systemic long-distance sulfur transport and its role in symbiotic root nodule protein turnover. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 297:154260. [PMID: 38701679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient for all plants, but also crucial for the nitrogen fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. Sulfur limitation can hamper nodule development and functioning. Until now, it remained unclear whether sulfate uptake into nodules is local or mainly systemic via the roots, and if long-distance transport from shoots to roots and into nodules occurs. Therefore, this work investigates the systemic regulation of sulfur transportation in the model legume Lotus japonicus by applying stable isotope labeling to a split-root system. Metabolite and protein extraction together with mass spectrometry analyses were conducted to determine the plants molecular phenotype and relative isotope protein abundances. Data show that treatments of varying sulfate concentrations including the absence of sulfate on one side of a nodulated root was not affecting nodule development as long as the other side of the root system was provided with sufficient sulfate. Concentrations of shoot metabolites did not indicate a significant stress response caused by a lack of sulfur. Further, we did not observe any quantitative changes in proteins involved in biological nitrogen fixation in response to the different sulfate treatments. Relative isotope abundance of 34S confirmed a long-distance transport of sulfur from one side of the roots to the other side and into the nodules. Altogether, these results provide evidence for a systemic long-distance transport of sulfur via the upper part of the plant to the nodules suggesting a demand driven sulfur distribution for the maintenance of symbiotic N-fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Siegl
- Plant-Microsymbiont Interaction Lab, Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Support Facilities, Mass Spectrometry Unit UBB, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Afjehi-Sadat
- Research Support Facilities, Mass Spectrometry Unit UBB, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Plant-Microsymbiont Interaction Lab, Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Velandia K, Correa-Lozano A, McGuiness PM, Reid JB, Foo E. Cell-layer specific roles for gibberellins in nodulation and root development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:626-640. [PMID: 38396236 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GA) have a profound influence on the formation of lateral root organs. However, the precise role this hormone plays in the cell-specific events during lateral root formation, rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis, including interactions with auxin and cytokinin (CK), is not clear. We performed epidermal- and endodermal-specific complementation of the severely GA-deficient na pea (Pisum sativum) mutant with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Gibberellin mutants were used to examine the spatial expression pattern of CK (TCSn)- and auxin (DR5)-responsive promoters and hormone levels. We found that GA produced in the endodermis promote lateral root and nodule organogenesis and can induce a mobile signal(s) that suppresses rhizobial infection. By contrast, epidermal-derived GA suppress infection but have little influence on root or nodule development. GA suppress the CK-responsive TCSn promoter in the cortex and are required for normal auxin activation during nodule primordia formation. Our findings indicate that GA regulate the checkpoints between infection thread (IT) penetration of the cortex and invasion of nodule primordial cells and promote the subsequent progression of nodule development. It appears that GA limit the progression and branching of IT in the cortex by restricting CK response and activate auxin response to promote nodule primordia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Velandia
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Alejandro Correa-Lozano
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Peter M McGuiness
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - James B Reid
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Eloise Foo
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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5
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Adomako MO, Wu J, Lu Y, Adu D, Seshie VI, Yu FH. Potential synergy of microplastics and nitrogen enrichment on plant holobionts in wetland ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170160. [PMID: 38244627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Wetland ecosystems are global hotspots for environmental contaminants, including microplastics (MPs) and nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). While MP and nutrient effects on host plants and their associated microbial communities at the individual level have been studied, their synergistic effects on a plant holobiont (i.e., a plant host plus its microbiota, such as bacteria and fungi) in wetland ecosystems are nearly unknown. As an ecological entity, plant holobionts play pivotal roles in biological nitrogen fixation, promote plant resilience and defense chemistry against pathogens, and enhance biogeochemical processes. We summarize evidence based on recent literature to elaborate on the potential synergy of MPs and nutrient enrichment on plant holobionts in wetland ecosystems. We provide a conceptual framework to explain the interplay of MPs, nutrients, and plant holobionts and discuss major pathways of MPs and nutrients into the wetland milieu. Moreover, we highlight the ecological consequences of loss of plant holobionts in wetland ecosystems and conclude with recommendations for pending questions that warrant urgent research. We found that nutrient enrichment promotes the recruitment of MPs-degraded microorganisms and accelerates microbially mediated degradation of MPs, modifying their distribution and toxicity impacts on plant holobionts in wetland ecosystems. Moreover, a loss of wetland plant holobionts via long-term MP-nutrient interactions may likely exacerbate the disruption of wetland ecosystems' capacity to offer nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation through soil organic C sequestration. In conclusion, MP and nutrient enrichment interactions represent a severe ecological risk that can disorganize plant holobionts and their taxonomic roles, leading to dysbiosis (i.e., the disintegration of a stable plant microbiome) and diminishing wetland ecosystems' integrity and multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Opoku Adomako
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Daniel Adu
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhejiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Vivian Isabella Seshie
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
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6
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Pereira WJ, Boyd J, Conde D, Triozzi PM, Balmant KM, Dervinis C, Schmidt HW, Boaventura-Novaes C, Chakraborty S, Knaack SA, Gao Y, Feltus FA, Roy S, Ané JM, Frugoli J, Kirst M. The single-cell transcriptome program of nodule development cellular lineages in Medicago truncatula. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113747. [PMID: 38329875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia by developing nodules. Nodules are modified lateral roots that undergo changes in their cellular development in response to bacteria, but the transcriptional reprogramming that occurs in these root cells remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we describe the cell-type-specific transcriptome response of Medicago truncatula roots to rhizobia during early nodule development in the wild-type genotype Jemalong A17, complemented with a hypernodulating mutant (sunn-4) to expand the cell population responding to infection and subsequent biological inferences. The analysis identifies epidermal root hair and stele sub-cell types associated with a symbiotic response to infection and regulation of nodule proliferation. Trajectory inference shows cortex-derived cell lineages differentiating to form the nodule primordia and, posteriorly, its meristem, while modulating the regulation of phytohormone-related genes. Gene regulatory analysis of the cell transcriptomes identifies new regulators of nodulation, including STYLISH 4, for which the function is validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell J Pereira
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jade Boyd
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Conde
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo M Triozzi
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56010 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kelly M Balmant
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Henry W Schmidt
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Sanhita Chakraborty
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sara A Knaack
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Yueyao Gao
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Frank Alexander Feltus
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Biomedical Data Science and Informatics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Clemson Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA; Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Julia Frugoli
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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7
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Lee T, Orvosova M, Batzenschlager M, Bueno Batista M, Bailey PC, Mohd-Radzman NA, Gurzadyan A, Stuer N, Mysore KS, Wen J, Ott T, Oldroyd GED, Schiessl K. Light-sensitive short hypocotyl genes confer symbiotic nodule identity in the legume Medicago truncatula. Curr Biol 2024; 34:825-840.e7. [PMID: 38301650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Legumes produce specialized root nodules that are distinct from lateral roots in morphology and function, with nodules intracellularly hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We have previously shown that a lateral root program underpins nodule initiation, but there must be additional developmental regulators that confer nodule identity. Here, we show two members of the LIGHT-SENSITIVE SHORT HYPOCOTYL (LSH) transcription factor family, predominantly known to define shoot meristem complexity and organ boundaries, function as regulators of nodule organ identity. In parallel to the root initiation program, LSH1/LSH2 recruit a program into the root cortex that mediates the divergence into nodules, in particular with cell divisions in the mid-cortex. This includes regulation of auxin and cytokinin, promotion of NODULE ROOT1/2 and Nuclear Factor YA1, and suppression of the lateral root program. A principal outcome of LSH1/LSH2 function is the production of cells able to accommodate nitrogen-fixing bacteria, a key feature unique to nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Lee
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Martina Orvosova
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | | | - Marcelo Bueno Batista
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Paul C Bailey
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Nadia A Mohd-Radzman
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Aram Gurzadyan
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Naomi Stuer
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Thomas Ott
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestrasse, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK.
| | - Katharina Schiessl
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
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Cui S, Inaba S, Suzaki T, Yoshida S. Developing for nutrient uptake: Induced organogenesis in parasitic plants and root nodule symbiosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102473. [PMID: 37826989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved diverse strategies to meet their nutritional needs. Parasitic plants employ haustoria, specialized structures that facilitate invasion of host plants and nutrient acquisition. Legumes have adapted to nitrogen-limited conditions by developing nodules that accommodate nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. The formation of both haustoria and nodules is induced by signals originating from the interacting organisms, namely host plants and rhizobial bacteria, respectively. Emerging studies showed that both organogenesis crucially involves plant hormones such as auxin, cytokinins, and ethylene and also integrate nutrient availability, particularly nitrogen. In this review, we discuss recent advances on hormonal and environmental control of haustoria and nodules development with side-by-side comparison. These underscore the remarkable plasticity of plant organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songkui Cui
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shoko Inaba
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Satoko Yoshida
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.
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Schnabel E, Thomas J, El-Hawaz R, Gao Y, Poehlman WL, Chavan S, Pasha A, Esteban E, Provart N, Feltus FA, Frugoli J. Laser Capture Microdissection Transcriptome Reveals Spatiotemporal Tissue Gene Expression Patterns of Medicago truncatula Roots Responding to Rhizobia. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:805-820. [PMID: 37717250 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-23-0029-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a public resource for examining the spatiotemporal RNA expression of 54,893 Medicago truncatula genes during the first 72 h of response to rhizobial inoculation. Using a methodology that allows synchronous inoculation and growth of more than 100 plants in a single media container, we harvested the same segment of each root responding to rhizobia in the initial inoculation over a time course, collected individual tissues from these segments with laser capture microdissection, and created and sequenced RNA libraries generated from these tissues. We demonstrate the utility of the resource by examining the expression patterns of a set of genes induced very early in nodule signaling, as well as two gene families (CLE peptides and nodule specific PLAT-domain proteins) and show that despite similar whole-root expression patterns, there are tissue differences in expression between the genes. Using a rhizobial response dataset generated from transcriptomics on intact root segments, we also examined differential temporal expression patterns and determined that, after nodule tissue, the epidermis and cortical cells contained the most temporally patterned genes. We circumscribed gene lists for each time and tissue examined and developed an expression pattern visualization tool. Finally, we explored transcriptomic differences between the inner cortical cells that become nodules and those that do not, confirming that the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthases distinguishes inner cortical cells that become nodules and provide and describe potential downstream genes involved in early nodule cell division. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Schnabel
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
| | - Jacklyn Thomas
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
| | - Rabia El-Hawaz
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
| | - Yueyao Gao
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
| | - William L Poehlman
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA 98121, U.S.A
| | - Suchitra Chavan
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
- Leidos, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30345, U.S.A
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Eddi Esteban
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - F Alex Feltus
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
- Biomedical Data Science and Informatics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
- Clemson Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29636, U.S.A
| | - Julia Frugoli
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A
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10
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Luo Z, Liu H, Xie F. Cellular and molecular basis of symbiotic nodule development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102478. [PMID: 37857037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Root nodule development plays a vital role in establishing the mutualistic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Two primary processes are involved in nodule development: formative cell divisions in the root cortex and the subsequent differentiation of nodule cells. The first process involves the mitotic reactivation of differentiated root cortex cells to form nodule primordium after perceiving symbiotic signals. The second process enables the nascent nodule primordium cells to develop into various cell types, leading to the creation of a functional nodule capable of supporting nitrogen fixation. Thus, both division and differentiation of nodule cells are crucial for root nodule development. This review provides an overview of the most recent advancements in comprehending the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying symbiotic nodule development in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Hu Y, Patra P, Pisanty O, Shafir A, Belew ZM, Binenbaum J, Ben Yaakov S, Shi B, Charrier L, Hyams G, Zhang Y, Trabulsky M, Caldararu O, Weiss D, Crocoll C, Avni A, Vernoux T, Geisler M, Nour-Eldin HH, Mayrose I, Shani E. Multi-Knock-a multi-targeted genome-scale CRISPR toolbox to overcome functional redundancy in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:572-587. [PMID: 36973414 PMCID: PMC7615256 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes are characterized by large and complex gene families that often result in similar and partially overlapping functions. This genetic redundancy severely hampers current efforts to uncover novel phenotypes, delaying basic genetic research and breeding programmes. Here we describe the development and validation of Multi-Knock, a genome-scale clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat toolbox that overcomes functional redundancy in Arabidopsis by simultaneously targeting multiple gene-family members, thus identifying genetically hidden components. We computationally designed 59,129 optimal single-guide RNAs that each target two to ten genes within a family at once. Furthermore, partitioning the library into ten sublibraries directed towards a different functional group allows flexible and targeted genetic screens. From the 5,635 single-guide RNAs targeting the plant transportome, we generated over 3,500 independent Arabidopsis lines that allowed us to identify and characterize the first known cytokinin tonoplast-localized transporters in plants. With the ability to overcome functional redundancy in plants at the genome-scale level, the developed strategy can be readily deployed by scientists and breeders for basic research and to expedite breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Hu
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Priyanka Patra
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Odelia Pisanty
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Shafir
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zeinu Mussa Belew
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jenia Binenbaum
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Ben Yaakov
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bihai Shi
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Charrier
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gal Hyams
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maor Trabulsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Caldararu
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniela Weiss
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Itay Mayrose
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Zhang H, Zeng N, Feng Q, Xu S, Cheng J, Wang J, Zhan X. New mechanistic insights into PAHs transport across wheat root cell membrane: Evidence for ABC transporter mediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160251. [PMID: 36402320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of highly carcinogenic organic pollutants. Our previous results revealed that the active uptake of PAHs by plant roots is performed through H+/PAHs co-transport. However, the proteins and mechanisms of co-transport of PAHs remain unknown. We hypothesized that ABC transporters are involved in PAHs co-transport via the roots. We found a total of 47 ABC transporters with alkalinity and hydrophobicity which were up-regulated or newly expressed in the wheat roots after phenanthrene exposure. And the concentration of ABC transporters rose. There was a positive relationship between the concentration of phenanthrene and ABC transporter expression in the wheat roots. Additionally, the trend observed in the ABC transporters expression was also found in the gene expression. With energies below -6 kcal mol-1, a stable docking conformation formed between ABC transporters and PAHs. π-π stacking and van der Waals force bound PAHs to ABCB or ABCG. The binding strength of ABCB subfamily proteins with homodimers is stronger than that of ABCG subfamily proteins with single molecules. ABC transporters may transport PAHs by forming a dimer-shaped pocket, translocating it into cells, then opening it within the cells, to release the bound PAHs. These results contributed to our understanding of how ABC transporters aid plant root uptake of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengde Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurun Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyuan Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ghantasala S, Roy Choudhury S. Nod factor perception: an integrative view of molecular communication during legume symbiosis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:485-509. [PMID: 36040570 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compatible interaction between rhizobial Nod factors and host receptors enables initial recognition and signaling events during legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Molecular communication is a new paradigm of information relay, which uses chemical signals or molecules as dialogues for communication and has been witnessed in prokaryotes, plants as well as in animal kingdom. Understanding this fascinating relay of signals between plants and rhizobia during the establishment of a synergistic relationship for biological nitrogen fixation represents one of the hotspots in plant biology research. Predominantly, their interaction is initiated by flavonoids exuding from plant roots, which provokes changes in the expression profile of rhizobial genes. Compatible interactions promote the secretion of Nod factors (NFs) from rhizobia, which are recognised by cognate host receptors. Perception of NFs by host receptors initiates the symbiosis and ultimately leads to the accommodation of rhizobia within root nodules via a series of mutual exchange of signals. This review elucidates the bacterial and plant perspectives during the early stages of symbiosis, explicitly emphasizing the significance of NFs and their cognate NF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ghantasala
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Swarup Roy Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
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14
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AtABCG14: A Long-Distance Root-to-Shoot Carrier of Cytokinin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-synthesized cytokinins regulate the growth, development, and stress responses of aboveground tissues and follow the transport route via xylem tissue. Arabidopsis ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family member 14 (AtABCG14) is involved in the xylem loading of root-synthesized cytokinins. However, the phloem unloading of root-synthesized cytokinin and shoot distribution have remained elusive. The recent study by Zhao et al., (2021) proved that the AtABCG14 protein mediates the phloem unloading of cytokinins through the apoplastic pathway indicating the AtABCG14 is a master regulator of shoot cytokinin distribution.
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15
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Velandia K, Reid JB, Foo E. Right time, right place: The dynamic role of hormones in rhizobial infection and nodulation of legumes. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100327. [PMID: 35605199 PMCID: PMC9482984 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many legume plants form beneficial associations with rhizobial bacteria that are hosted in new plant root organs, nodules, in which atmospheric nitrogen is fixed. This association requires the precise coordination of two separate programs, infection in the epidermis and nodule organogenesis in the cortex. There is extensive literature indicating key roles for plant hormones during nodulation, but a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal roles of plant hormones during the different stages of nodulation is required. This review analyses the current literature on hormone regulation of infection and organogenesis to reveal the differential roles and interactions of auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, and gibberellins during epidermal infection and cortical nodule initiation, development, and function. With the exception of auxin, all of these hormones suppress infection events. By contrast, there is evidence that all of these hormones promote nodule organogenesis, except ethylene, which suppresses nodule initiation. This differential role for many of the hormones between the epidermal and cortical programs is striking. Future work is required to fully examine hormone interactions and create a robust model that integrates this knowledge into our understanding of nodulation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Velandia
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - James B Reid
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Eloise Foo
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
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16
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Li H, Matsuda H, Tsuboyama A, Munakata R, Sugiyama A, Yazaki K. Inventory of ATP-binding cassette proteins in Lithospermum erythrorhizon as a model plant producing divergent secondary metabolites. DNA Res 2022; 29:6596041. [PMID: 35640979 PMCID: PMC9195045 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins are the largest membrane transporter family in plants. In addition to transporting organic substances, these proteins function as ion channels and molecular switches. The development of multiple genes encoding ABC proteins has been associated with their various biological roles. Plants utilize many secondary metabolites to adapt to environmental stresses and to communicate with other organisms, with many ABC proteins thought to be involved in metabolite transport. Lithospermum erythrorhizon is regarded as a model plant for studying secondary metabolism, as cells in culture yielded high concentrations of meroterpenes and phenylpropanoids. Analysis of the genome and transcriptomes of L. erythrorhizon showed expression of genes encoding 118 ABC proteins, similar to other plant species. The number of expressed proteins in the half-size ABCA and full-size ABCB subfamilies was ca. 50% lower in L. erythrorhizon than in Arabidopsis, whereas there was no significant difference in the numbers of other expressed ABC proteins. Because many ABCG proteins are involved in the export of organic substances, members of this subfamily may play important roles in the transport of secondary metabolites that are secreted into apoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hinako Matsuda
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuboyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Munakata
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel. +81 774 38 3617.
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17
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Gao Y, Selee B, Schnabel EL, Poehlman WL, Chavan SA, Frugoli JA, Feltus FA. Time Series Transcriptome Analysis in Medicago truncatula Shoot and Root Tissue During Early Nodulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:861639. [PMID: 35463395 PMCID: PMC9021838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to colonization by rhizobia bacteria, legumes are able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules in their roots, allowing the plants to grow efficiently in nitrogen-depleted environments. Legumes utilize a complex, long-distance signaling pathway to regulate nodulation that involves signals in both roots and shoots. We measured the transcriptional response to treatment with rhizobia in both the shoots and roots of Medicago truncatula over a 72-h time course. To detect temporal shifts in gene expression, we developed GeneShift, a novel computational statistics and machine learning workflow that addresses the time series replicate the averaging issue for detecting gene expression pattern shifts under different conditions. We identified both known and novel genes that are regulated dynamically in both tissues during early nodulation including leginsulin, defensins, root transporters, nodulin-related, and circadian clock genes. We validated over 70% of the expression patterns that GeneShift discovered using an independent M. truncatula RNA-Seq study. GeneShift facilitated the discovery of condition-specific temporally differentially expressed genes in the symbiotic nodulation biological system. In principle, GeneShift should work for time-series gene expression profiling studies from other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Gao
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Bradley Selee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Elise L. Schnabel
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - William L. Poehlman
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Suchitra A. Chavan
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Julia A. Frugoli
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Frank Alex Feltus
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Biomedical Data Science and Informatics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Clemson Center for Human Genetics, Greenwood, SC, United States
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18
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Banasiak J, Jasiński M. ATP-binding cassette transporters in nonmodel plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1597-1612. [PMID: 34614235 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins is of great value for sustainable agriculture, economic yield, and the generation of high-quality products, especially under unfavorable growth conditions. We have learned much about ABC proteins in model organisms, notably Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the importance of research dedicated to these transporters extends far beyond Arabidopsis biology. Recent progress in genomic and transcriptomic approaches for nonmodel and noncanonical model plants allows us to look at ABC transporters from a wider perspective and consider chemodiversity and functionally driven adaptation as distinctive mechanisms during their evolution. Here, by considering several representatives from agriculturally important families and recent progress in functional characterization of nonArabidopsis ABC proteins, we aim to bring attention to understanding the evolutionary background, distribution among lineages and possible mechanisms underlying the adaptation of this versatile transport system for plant needs. Increasing the knowledge of ABC proteins in nonmodel plants will facilitate breeding and development of new varieties based on, for example, genetic variations of endogenous genes and/or genome editing, representing an alternative to transgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland
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19
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Liu Y, Yang L, Liu P, Jin Y, Qin S, Chen L. Identification of Antibacterial Components in the Methanol-Phase Extract from Edible Herbaceous Plant Rumex madaio Makino and Their Antibacterial Action Modes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030660. [PMID: 35163925 PMCID: PMC8839378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks and prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide are some of the major contributors to morbidity and morbidity in humans. Pharmacophageous plants are the best source for searching antibacterial compounds with low toxicity to humans. In this study, we identified, for the first time, antibacterial components and action modes of methanol-phase extract from such one edible herbaceous plant Rumex madaio Makino. The bacteriostatic rate of the extract was 75% against 23 species of common pathogenic bacteria. The extract was further purified using the preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC) technique, and five separated componential complexes (CC) were obtained. Among these, the CC 1 significantly increased cell surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability and decreased membrane fluidity, which damaged cell structure integrity of Gram-positive and -negative pathogens tested. A total of 58 different compounds in the extract were identified using ultra-HPLC and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) techniques. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed a number of differentially expressed genes and various changed metabolic pathways mediated by the CC1 action, such as down-regulated carbohydrate transport and/or utilization and energy metabolism in four pathogenic strains tested. Overall, the results in this study demonstrated that the CC1 from R. madaio Makino are promising candidates for antibacterial medicine and human health care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Lianzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Pingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yinzhe Jin
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Si Qin
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (S.Q.); (L.C.)
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.L.); (L.Y.); (P.L.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.Q.); (L.C.)
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20
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Triozzi PM, Irving TB, Schmidt HW, Keyser ZP, Chakraborty S, Balmant K, Pereira WJ, Dervinis C, Mysore KS, Wen J, Ané JM, Kirst M, Conde D. Spatiotemporal cytokinin response imaging and ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE 3 function in Medicago nodule development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:560-575. [PMID: 34599592 PMCID: PMC8774767 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most legumes can establish a symbiotic association with soil rhizobia that trigger the development of root nodules. These nodules host the rhizobia and allow them to fix nitrogen efficiently. The perception of bacterial lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) in the epidermis initiates a signaling cascade that allows rhizobial intracellular infection in the root and de-differentiation and activation of cell division that gives rise to the nodule. Thus, nodule organogenesis and rhizobial infection need to be coupled in space and time for successful nodulation. The plant hormone cytokinin (CK) contributes to the coordination of this process, acting as an essential positive regulator of nodule organogenesis. However, the temporal regulation of tissue-specific CK signaling and biosynthesis in response to LCOs or Sinorhizobium meliloti inoculation in Medicago truncatula remains poorly understood. In this study, using a fluorescence-based CK sensor (pTCSn::nls:tGFP), we performed a high-resolution tissue-specific temporal characterization of the sequential activation of CK response during root infection and nodule development in M. truncatula after inoculation with S. meliloti. Loss-of-function mutants of the CK-biosynthetic gene ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE 3 (IPT3) showed impairment of nodulation, suggesting that IPT3 is required for nodule development in M. truncatula. Simultaneous live imaging of pIPT3::nls:tdTOMATO and the CK sensor showed that IPT3 induction in the pericycle at the base of nodule primordium contributes to CK biosynthesis, which in turn promotes expression of positive regulators of nodule organogenesis in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Triozzi
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Thomas B Irving
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Henry W Schmidt
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Zachary P Keyser
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sanhita Chakraborty
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kelly Balmant
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Wendell J Pereira
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Conde
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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21
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Banasiak J, Jamruszka T, Murray JD, Jasiński M. A roadmap of plant membrane transporters in arbuscular mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobium symbioses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2071-2091. [PMID: 34618047 PMCID: PMC8644718 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants live in close contact with beneficial soil microbes: the majority of land plant species establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while most legumes, the third largest plant family, can form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. These microbes contribute to plant nutrition via endosymbiotic processes that require modulating the expression and function of plant transporter systems. The efficient contribution of these symbionts involves precisely controlled integration of transport, which is enabled by the adaptability and plasticity of their transporters. Advances in our understanding of these systems, driven by functional genomics research, are rapidly filling the gap in knowledge about plant membrane transport involved in these plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we synthesize recent findings associated with different stages of these symbioses, from the pre-symbiotic stage to nutrient exchange, and describe the role of host transport systems in both mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobia symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jamruszka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular and Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland
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Nitrate restricts nodule organogenesis through inhibition of cytokinin biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6544. [PMID: 34764268 PMCID: PMC8585978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes balance nitrogen acquisition from soil nitrate with symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation requires establishment of a new organ, which is a cytokinin dependent developmental process in the root. We found cytokinin biosynthesis is a central integrator, balancing nitrate signalling with symbiotic acquired nitrogen. Low nitrate conditions provide a permissive state for induction of cytokinin by symbiotic signalling and thus nodule development. In contrast, high nitrate is inhibitory to cytokinin accumulation and nodule establishment in the root zone susceptible to nodule formation. This reduction of symbiotic cytokinin accumulation was further exacerbated in cytokinin biosynthesis mutants, which display hypersensitivity to nitrate inhibition of nodule development, maturation and nitrogen fixation. Consistent with this, cytokinin application rescues nodulation and nitrogen fixation of biosynthesis mutants in a concentration dependent manner. These inhibitory impacts of nitrate on symbiosis occur in a Nlp1 and Nlp4 dependent manner and contrast with the positive influence of nitrate on cytokinin biosynthesis that occurs in species that do not form symbiotic root nodules. Altogether this shows that legumes, as exemplified by Lotus japonicus, have evolved a different cytokinin response to nitrate compared to non-legumes.
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McIntyre KE, Bush DR, Argueso CT. Cytokinin Regulation of Source-Sink Relationships in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:677585. [PMID: 34504504 PMCID: PMC8421792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.677585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are plant hormones known for their role in mediating plant growth. First discovered for their ability to promote cell division, this class of hormones is now associated with many other cellular and physiological functions. One of these functions is the regulation of source-sink relationships, a tightly controlled process that is essential for proper plant growth and development. As discovered more recently, cytokinins are also important for the interaction of plants with pathogens, beneficial microbes and insects. Here, we review the importance of cytokinins in source-sink relationships in plants, with relation to both carbohydrates and amino acids, and highlight a possible function for this regulation in the context of plant biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. McIntyre
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Daniel R. Bush
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Cristiana T. Argueso
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Roy S, Breakspear A, Cousins D, Torres-Jerez I, Jackson K, Kumar A, Su Y, Liu CW, Krom N, Udvardi M, Xu P, Murray JD. Three Common Symbiotic ABC Subfamily B Transporters in Medicago truncatula Are Regulated by a NIN-Independent Branch of the Symbiosis Signaling Pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:939-951. [PMID: 33779265 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-21-0036-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters involved in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and nodulation have been identified. We describe three previously unreported ABC subfamily B transporters, named AMN1, AMN2, and AMN3 (ABCB for mycorrhization and nodulation), that are expressed early during infection by rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These ABCB transporters are strongly expressed in symbiotically infected tissues, including in root-hair cells with rhizobial infection threads and arbusculated cells. During nodulation, the expression of these genes is highly induced by rhizobia and purified Nod factors and is dependent on DMI3 but is not dependent on other known major regulators of infection, such as NIN, NSP1, or NSP2. During mycorrhization their expression is dependent on DMI3 and RAM1 but not on NSP1 and NSP2. Therefore, they may be commonly regulated through a distinct branch of the common symbiotic pathway. Mutants with exonic Tnt1-transposon insertions were isolated for all three genes. None of the single or double mutants showed any differences in colonization by either rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi, but the triple amn1 amn2 amn3 mutant showed an increase in nodule number. Further studies are needed to identify potential substrates of these transporters and understand their roles in these beneficial symbioses.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Anil Kumar
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yangyang Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resource, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Nick Krom
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, U.S.A
| | | | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resource, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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