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Uribe-Cano S, Kottmann AH. The primary cilium of cholinergic neurons may be a linchpin in the progression of Parkinson's Disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2414226121. [PMID: 39288184 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2414226121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Uribe-Cano
- City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, Neuroscience Collaborative, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, The City University of New York (CUNY) School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031
| | - Andreas H Kottmann
- City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, Neuroscience Collaborative, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, The City University of New York (CUNY) School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031
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2
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Gregory JA, Hickey CM, Chavez J, Cacace AM. New therapies on the horizon: Targeted protein degradation in neuroscience. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1688-1698. [PMID: 39303702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
This minireview explores the burgeoning field of targeted protein degradation (TPD) and its promising applications in neuroscience and clinical development. TPD offers innovative strategies for modulating protein levels, presenting a paradigm shift in small-molecule drug discovery and therapeutic interventions. Importantly, small-molecule protein degraders specifically target and remove pathogenic proteins from central nervous system cells without the drug delivery challenges of genomic and antibody-based modalities. Here, we review recent advancements in TPD technologies, highlight proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) protein degrader molecules with proximity-induced degradation event-driven and iterative pharmacology, provide applications in neuroscience research, and discuss the high potential for translation of TPD into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Chavez
- Arvinas, Inc., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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3
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Volta M. Roles of neuronal lysosomes in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1981-1983. [PMID: 38227525 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic progress in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease has been hampered by a lack of detailed knowledge of its molecular etiology. The advancements in genetics and genomics have provided fundamental insights into specific protein players and the cellular processes involved in the onset of disease. In this respect, the autophagy-lysosome system has emerged in recent years as a strong point of convergence for genetics, genomics, and pathologic indications, spanning both familial and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Most, if not all, genes linked to familial disease are involved, in a regulatory capacity, in lysosome function (e.g., LRRK2, alpha-synuclein, VPS35, Parkin, and PINK1). Moreover, the majority of genomic loci associated with increased risk of idiopathic Parkinson's cluster in lysosome biology and regulation (GBA as the prime example). Lastly, neuropathologic evidence showed alterations in lysosome markers in autoptic material that, coupled to the alpha-synuclein proteinopathy that defines the disease, strongly indicate an alteration in functionality. In this Brief Review article, I present a personal perspective on the molecular and cellular involvement of lysosome biology in Parkinson's pathogenesis, aiming at a larger vision on the events underlying the onset of the disease. The attempts at targeting autophagy for therapeutic purposes in Parkinson's have been mostly aimed at "indiscriminately" enhancing its activity to promote the degradation and elimination of aggregate protein accumulations, such as alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies. However, this approach is based on the assumption that protein pathology is the root cause of disease, while pre-pathology and pre-degeneration dysfunctions have been largely observed in clinical and pre-clinical settings. In addition, it has been reported that unspecific boosting of autophagy can be detrimental. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms of specific autophagy forms and, even more, the adjustment of specific lysosome functionalities. Indeed, lysosomes exert fine signaling capacities in addition to their catabolic roles and might participate in the regulation of neuronal and glial cell functions. Here, I discuss hypotheses on these possible mechanisms, their links with etiologic and risk factors for Parkinson's disease, and how they could be targeted for disease-modifying purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Volta
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
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4
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Quintero-Espinosa DA, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. LRRK2 Kinase Inhibitor PF-06447475 Protects Drosophila melanogaster against Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Impairment, Life Span Reduction, and Oxidative Stress. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2440-2452. [PMID: 38847910 PMCID: PMC11310290 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by locomotor alteration due to the specific deterioration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Mounting evidence shows that human LRRK2 (hLRRK2) kinase activity is involved in oxidative stress (OS)-induced neurodegeneration, suggesting LRRK2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target. We report that the hLRRK2 inhibitor PF-06447475 (PF-475) prolonged lifespan, increased locomotor activity, maintained DAergic neuronal integrity, and reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in female Drosophila melanogaster flies chronically exposed to paraquat (PQ), a redox cycling compound, compared to flies treated with vehicle only. Since LRRK2 is an evolutionary conserved kinase, the present findings reinforce the idea that either reduction or inhibition of the LRRK2 kinase might decrease OS and locomotor alterations associated with PD. Our observations highlight the importance of uncovering the function of the hLRRK2 orthologue dLrrk2 in D. melanogaster as an excellent model for pharmacological screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Quintero-Espinosa
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia.
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5
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Yang Y, Zhou ZD, Yi L, Tan BJW, Tan EK. Interaction between caffeine consumption & genetic susceptibility in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102381. [PMID: 38914264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances globally. Caffeine-gene interactions in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been systematically examined. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review on the interaction between caffeine consumption and genetic susceptibility to PD. METHODOLOGY We conducted PubMed and Embase search using terms "Genetic association studies", "Caffeine", "polymorphism" and "Parkinson's disease", from inception till 2023. Of the initial 2391 studies, 21 case-control studies were included. The demographic, genetic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS We identified 21 studies which involved a total of 607,074 study subjects and 17 gene loci (SNCA, MAPT, HLA-DRA, NOS1, NOS3, GBA, ApoE, BST1, ESR2, NAT2, SLC2A13, LRRK2, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, ESR1, ADORA2A) have been investigated for the effect of gene-caffeine interaction and PD risk. The genes were identified through PD GWAS or involved in caffeine or related metabolism pathways. Based on the genetic association and interaction studies, only MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A have been shown by at least one study to have a positive caffeine-gene interaction influencing the risk of PD. CONCLUSION Studies have shown an interaction between caffeine with genetic variants of MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A in modulating the risk of PD. Due to the potential limitations of these discovery/pilot studies, further independent replication studies are needed. Better designed genetic association studies in multi-ancestry and admixed cohorts to identify potential shared or unique multivariate gene-environmental interactions, as well as functional studies of gene-caffeine interactions will be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Lingxiao Yi
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
| | | | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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6
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Weindel CG, Ellzey LM, Coleman AK, Patrick KL, Watson RO. LRRK2 kinase activity restricts NRF2-dependent mitochondrial protection in microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602769. [PMID: 39026883 PMCID: PMC11257505 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a critical role for central nervous system (CNS) glial cells in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as well as neurovascular ischemic stroke. Previously, we found that loss of the PD-associated gene leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (Lrrk2) in macrophages, peripheral innate immune cells, induced mitochondrial stress and elevated basal expression of type I interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs) due to chronic mitochondrial DNA engagement with the cGAS/STING DNA sensing pathway. Here, we report that loss of LRRK2 results in a paradoxical response in microglial cells, a CNS-specific macrophage population. In primary murine microglia and microglial cell lines, loss of Lrrk2 reduces tonic IFN signaling leading to a reduction in ISG expression. Consistent with reduced type I IFN, mitochondria from Lrrk2 KO microglia are protected from stress and have elevated metabolism. These protective phenotypes involve upregulation of NRF2, an important transcription factor in the response to oxidative stress and are restricted by LRRK2 kinase activity. Collectively, these findings illustrate a dichotomous role for LRRK2 within different immune cell populations and give insight into the fundamental differences between immune regulation in the CNS and the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi G Weindel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Lily M Ellzey
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Aja K Coleman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Kristin L Patrick
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Robert O Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M School of Medicine, TX, 77807, USA
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7
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An Y, Lim J, Glavatskikh M, Wang X, Norris-Drouin J, Hardy PB, Leisner TM, Pearce KH, Kireev D. In silico fragment-based discovery of CIB1-directed anti-tumor agents by FRASE-bot. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5564. [PMID: 38956119 PMCID: PMC11219766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical probes are an indispensable tool for translating biological discoveries into new therapies, though are increasingly difficult to identify since novel therapeutic targets are often hard-to-drug proteins. We introduce FRASE-based hit-finding robot (FRASE-bot), to expedite drug discovery for unconventional therapeutic targets. FRASE-bot mines available 3D structures of ligand-protein complexes to create a database of FRAgments in Structural Environments (FRASE). The FRASE database can be screened to identify structural environments similar to those in the target protein and seed the target structure with relevant ligand fragments. A neural network model is used to retain fragments with the highest likelihood of being native binders. The seeded fragments then inform ultra-large-scale virtual screening of commercially available compounds. We apply FRASE-bot to identify ligands for Calcium and Integrin Binding protein 1 (CIB1), a promising drug target implicated in triple negative breast cancer. FRASE-based virtual screening identifies a small-molecule CIB1 ligand (with binding confirmed in a TR-FRET assay) showing specific cell-killing activity in CIB1-dependent cancer cells, but not in CIB1-depletion-insensitive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Jiwoong Lim
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Marta Glavatskikh
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA
- Chemistry department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jacqueline Norris-Drouin
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA
| | - P Brian Hardy
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Tina M Leisner
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Kenneth H Pearce
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA.
| | - Dmitri Kireev
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27513, USA.
- Chemistry department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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8
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Hop PJ, Lai D, Keagle PJ, Baron DM, Kenna BJ, Kooyman M, Shankaracharya, Halter C, Straniero L, Asselta R, Bonvegna S, Soto-Beasley AI, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Isaias IU, Pezzoli G, Ticozzi N, Ross OA, Veldink JH, Foroud TM, Kenna KP, Landers JE. Systematic rare variant analyses identify RAB32 as a susceptibility gene for familial Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1371-1376. [PMID: 38858457 PMCID: PMC11250361 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite substantial progress, causal variants are identified only for a minority of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) cases, leaving high-risk pathogenic variants unidentified1,2. To identify such variants, we uniformly processed exome sequencing data of 2,184 index familial PD cases and 69,775 controls. Exome-wide analyses converged on RAB32 as a novel PD gene identifying c.213C > G/p.S71R as a high-risk variant presenting in ~0.7% of familial PD cases while observed in only 0.004% of controls (odds ratio of 65.5). This variant was confirmed in all cases via Sanger sequencing and segregated with PD in three families. RAB32 encodes a small GTPase known to interact with LRRK2 (refs. 3,4). Functional analyses showed that RAB32 S71R increases LRRK2 kinase activity, as indicated by increased autophosphorylation of LRRK2 S1292. Here our results implicate mutant RAB32 in a key pathological mechanism in PD-LRRK2 kinase activity5-7-and thus provide novel insights into the mechanistic connections between RAB family biology, LRRK2 and PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Hop
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pamela J Keagle
- Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Desiree M Baron
- Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Brendan J Kenna
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Kooyman
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shankaracharya
- Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cheryl Halter
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Letizia Straniero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ioannis Ugo Isaias
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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9
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Currim F, Tanwar R, Brown-Leung JM, Paranjape N, Liu J, Sanders LH, Doorn JA, Cannon JR. Selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity modulated by inherent cell-type specific neurobiology. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:266-287. [PMID: 38964509 PMCID: PMC11288778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Hallmark features of PD pathology are the formation of Lewy bodies in neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and the subsequent irreversible death of these neurons. Although genetic risk factors have been identified, around 90 % of PD cases are sporadic and likely caused by environmental exposures and gene-environment interaction. Mechanistic studies have identified a variety of chemical PD risk factors. PD neuropathology occurs throughout the brain and peripheral nervous system, but it is the loss of DAergic neurons in the SNpc that produce many of the cardinal motor symptoms. Toxicology studies have found specifically the DAergic neuron population of the SNpc exhibit heightened sensitivity to highly variable chemical insults (both in terms of chemical structure and mechanism of neurotoxic action). Thus, it has become clear that the inherent neurobiology of nigral DAergic neurons likely underlies much of this neurotoxic response to broad insults. This review focuses on inherent neurobiology of nigral DAergic neurons and how such neurobiology impacts the primary mechanism of neurotoxicity. While interactions with a variety of other cell types are important in disease pathogenesis, understanding how inherent DAergic biology contributes to selective sensitivity and primary mechanisms of neurotoxicity is critical to advancing the field. Specifically, key biological features of DAergic neurons that increase neurotoxicant susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Currim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Reeya Tanwar
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Josephine M Brown-Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Neha Paranjape
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Liu
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laurie H Sanders
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan A Doorn
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA.
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10
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Dederer V, Sanz Murillo M, Karasmanis EP, Hatch KS, Chatterjee D, Preuss F, Abdul Azeez KR, Nguyen LV, Galicia C, Dreier B, Plückthun A, Versees W, Mathea S, Leschziner AE, Reck-Peterson SL, Knapp S. A designed ankyrin-repeat protein that targets Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107469. [PMID: 38876305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a large multidomain protein containing two catalytic domains, a kinase and a GTPase, as well as protein interactions domains, including a WD40 domain. The association of increased LRRK2 kinase activity with both the familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease has led to an intense interest in determining its cellular function. However, small molecule probes that can bind to LRRK2 and report on or affect its cellular activity are needed. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the first high-affinity LRRK2-binding designed ankyrin-repeat protein (DARPin), named E11. Using cryo-EM, we show that DARPin E11 binds to the LRRK2 WD40 domain. LRRK2 bound to DARPin E11 showed improved behavior on cryo-EM grids, resulting in higher resolution LRRK2 structures. DARPin E11 did not affect the catalytic activity of a truncated form of LRRK2 in vitro but decreased the phosphorylation of Rab8A, a LRRK2 substrate, in cells. We also found that DARPin E11 disrupts the formation of microtubule-associated LRRK2 filaments in cells, which are known to require WD40-based dimerization. Thus, DARPin E11 is a new tool to explore the function and dysfunction of LRRK2 and guide the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors that target the WD40 domain instead of the kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Dederer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Marta Sanz Murillo
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eva P Karasmanis
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathryn S Hatch
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Deep Chatterjee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Franziska Preuss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kamal R Abdul Azeez
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Landon Vu Nguyen
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christian Galicia
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wim Versees
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Mathea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Andres E Leschziner
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samara L Reck-Peterson
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP), Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.
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11
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Magrinelli F, Tesson C, Angelova PR, Salazar-Villacorta A, Rodriguez JA, Scardamaglia A, Chung BHY, Jaconelli M, Vona B, Esteras N, Kwong AKY, Courtin T, Maroofian R, Alavi S, Nirujogi R, Severino M, Lewis PA, Efthymiou S, O’Callaghan B, Buchert R, Sofan L, Lis P, Pinon C, Breedveld GJ, Chui MMC, Murphy D, Pitz V, Makarious MB, Cassar M, Hassan BA, Iftikhar S, Rocca C, Bauer P, Tinazzi M, Svetel M, Samanci B, Hanağası HA, Bilgiç B, Obeso JA, Kurtis MM, Cogan G, Başak AN, Kiziltan G, Gül T, Yalçın G, Elibol B, Barišić N, Ng EWS, Fan SS, Hershkovitz T, Weiss K, Raza Alvi J, Sultan T, Azmi Alkhawaja I, Froukh T, E Alrukban HA, Fauth C, Schatz UA, Zöggeler T, Zech M, Stals K, Varghese V, Gandhi S, Blauwendraat C, Hardy JA, Lesage S, Bonifati V, Haack TB, Bertoli-Avella AM, Steinfeld R, Alessi DR, Steller H, Brice A, Abramov AY, Bhatia KP, Houlden H. PSMF1 variants cause a phenotypic spectrum from early-onset Parkinson's disease to perinatal lethality by disrupting mitochondrial pathways. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.19.24308302. [PMID: 39148840 PMCID: PMC11326324 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.19.24308302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Dissecting biological pathways highlighted by Mendelian gene discovery has provided critical insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and neurodegeneration. This approach ultimately catalyzes the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we identify PSMF1 as a new gene implicated in PD and childhood neurodegeneration. We find that biallelic PSMF1 missense and loss-of-function variants co-segregate with phenotypes from early-onset PD and parkinsonism to perinatal lethality with neurological manifestations across 15 unrelated pedigrees with 22 affected subjects, showing clear genotype-phenotype correlation. PSMF1 encodes the proteasome regulator PSMF1/PI31, a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed partner of the 20S proteasome and neurodegeneration-associated F-box-O 7 and valosin-containing proteins. We demonstrate that PSMF1 variants impair mitochondrial membrane potential, dynamics and mitophagy in patient-derived fibroblasts. Additionally, we develop models of psmf1 knockdown Drosophila and Psmf1 conditional knockout mouse exhibiting age-dependent motor impairment, with diffuse gliosis in mice. These findings unequivocally link defective PSMF1 to early-onset PD and neurodegeneration and suggest mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanistic contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Plamena R. Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ainara Salazar-Villacorta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose A. Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annarita Scardamaglia
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Hon-Yin Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew Jaconelli
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Noemi Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neurochemistry Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Ka-Yee Kwong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Courtin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shahryar Alavi
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raja Nirujogi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin O’Callaghan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linda Sofan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pawel Lis
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Chloé Pinon
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Guido J. Breedveld
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Man-Chun Chui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Pitz
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary B. Makarious
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marlene Cassar
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Bassem A. Hassan
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sana Iftikhar
- Department of Real-World evidence studies, CENTOGENE GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | - Clarissa Rocca
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Medical Genetics, CENTOGENE GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Svetel
- Movement Disorders Department, Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bedia Samanci
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haşmet A. Hanağası
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basar Bilgiç
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - José A. Obeso
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica M. Kurtis
- Neurology Department, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillaume Cogan
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ayşe Nazlı Başak
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Research Center for Translational Medicine KUTTAM-Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory NDAL, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güneş Kiziltan
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Gül
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Research Center for Translational Medicine KUTTAM-Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory NDAL, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Yalçın
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Elibol
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nina Barišić
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zagreb Medical School and University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Earny Wei-Sen Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze-Shing Fan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tova Hershkovitz
- The Genetics Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Karin Weiss
- Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Javeria Raza Alvi
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Children’s Hospital and the University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Children’s Hospital and the University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Issam Azmi Alkhawaja
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatric Department, Albashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tawfiq Froukh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering, Philadelphia University, Jordan
| | | | - Christine Fauth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich A. Schatz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Zöggeler
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Karen Stals
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod Varghese
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A. Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Robert Steinfeld
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hermann Steller
- Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Andrey Y. Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P. Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Gaertner Z, Oram C, Schneeweis A, Schonfeld E, Bolduc C, Chen C, Dombeck D, Parisiadou L, Poulin JF, Awatramani R. Molecular and spatial transcriptomic classification of midbrain dopamine neurons and their alterations in a LRRK2 G2019S model of Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597807. [PMID: 38895448 PMCID: PMC11185743 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, even within a single neuroanatomical area, display heterogeneous properties. In parallel, studies using single cell profiling techniques have begun to cluster DA neurons into subtypes based on their molecular signatures. Recent work has shown that molecularly defined DA subtypes within the substantia nigra (SNc) display distinctive anatomic and functional properties, and differential vulnerability in Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on these provocative results, a granular understanding of these putative subtypes and their alterations in PD models, is imperative. We developed an optimized pipeline for single-nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and generated a high-resolution hierarchically organized map revealing 20 molecularly distinct DA neuron subtypes belonging to three main families. We integrated this data with spatial MERFISH technology to map, with high definition, the location of these subtypes in the mouse midbrain, revealing heterogeneity even within neuroanatomical sub-structures. Finally, we demonstrate that in the preclinical LRRK2G2019S knock-in mouse model of PD, subtype organization and proportions are preserved. Transcriptional alterations occur in many subtypes including those localized to the ventral tier SNc, where differential expression is observed in synaptic pathways, which might account for previously described DA release deficits in this model. Our work provides an advancement of current taxonomic schemes of the mouse midbrain DA neuron subtypes, a high-resolution view of their spatial locations, and their alterations in a prodromal mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gaertner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept of Neurology, Chicago, IL 60611
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Cameron Oram
- McGill University (Montreal Neurological Institute), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dept of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal (QC), Canada
| | - Amanda Schneeweis
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept of Neurology, Chicago, IL 60611
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Elan Schonfeld
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept of Neurology, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Cyril Bolduc
- McGill University (Montreal Neurological Institute), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dept of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal (QC), Canada
| | - Chuyu Chen
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept of Pharmacology, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Daniel Dombeck
- Northwestern University, Dept of Neurobiology, Evanston, IL 60201
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Loukia Parisiadou
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept of Pharmacology, Chicago, IL 60611
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Jean Francois Poulin
- McGill University (Montreal Neurological Institute), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dept of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal (QC), Canada
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Dept of Neurology, Chicago, IL 60611
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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13
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Chen C, Masotti M, Shepard N, Promes V, Tombesi G, Arango D, Manzoni C, Greggio E, Hilfiker S, Kozorovitskiy Y, Parisiadou L. LRRK2 mediates haloperidol-induced changes in indirect pathway striatal projection neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597594. [PMID: 38895420 PMCID: PMC11185612 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Haloperidol is used to manage psychotic symptoms in several neurological disorders through mechanisms that involve antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors that are highly expressed in the striatum. Significant side effects of haloperidol, known as extrapyramidal symptoms, lead to motor deficits similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease and present a major challenge in clinical settings. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these side effects remain poorly understood. Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2 kinase has an important role in striatal physiology and a known link to dopamine D2 receptor signaling. Here, we systematically explore convergent signaling of haloperidol and LRRK2 through pharmacological or genetic inhibition of LRRK2 kinase, as well as knock-in mouse models expressing pathogenic mutant LRRK2 with increased kinase activity. Behavioral assays show that LRRK2 kinase inhibition ameliorates haloperidol-induced motor changes in mice. A combination of electrophysiological and anatomical approaches reveals that LRRK2 kinase inhibition interferes with haloperidol-induced changes, specifically in striatal neurons of the indirect pathway. Proteomic studies and targeted intracellular pathway analyses demonstrate that haloperidol induces a similar pattern of intracellular signaling as increased LRRK2 kinase activity. Our study suggests that LRRK2 kinase plays a key role in striatal dopamine D2 receptor signaling underlying the undesirable motor side effects of haloperidol. This work opens up new therapeutic avenues for dopamine-related disorders, such as psychosis, also furthering our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Meghan Masotti
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel Shepard
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vanessa Promes
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Tombesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Arango
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Sabine Hilfiker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA
| | | | - Loukia Parisiadou
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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14
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Iovino L, VanderZwaag J, Kaur G, Khakpour M, Giusti V, Donadon M, Chiavegato A, Tenorio-Lopes L, Greggio E, Tremblay ME, Civiero L. Investigation of microglial diversity in a LRRK2 G2019S mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106481. [PMID: 38527708 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia contribute to the outcomes of various pathological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia are heterogenous, with a variety of states recently identified in aging and neurodegenerative disease models. Here, we delved into the diversity of microglia in a preclinical PD model featuring the G2019S mutation in LRRK2, a known pathological mutation associated with PD. Specifically, we investigated the 'dark microglia' (DM) and the 'disease-associated microglia' (DAM) which present a selective enrichment of CLEC7A expression. In the dorsal striatum - a region affected by PD pathology - extensive ultrastructural features of cellular stress as well as reduced direct cellular contacts, were observed for microglia from old LRRK2 G2019S mice versus controls. In addition, DM were more prevalent while CLEC7A-positive microglia had extensive phagocytic ultrastructural characteristics in the LRRK2 G2019S mice. Furthermore, our findings revealed a higher proportion of DM in LRRK2 G2019S mice, and an increased number of CLEC7A-positive cells with age, exacerbated by the pathological mutation. These CLEC7A-positive cells exhibited a selective enrichment of ameboid morphology and tended to cluster in the affected animals. In summary, we provide novel insights into the occurrence and features of recently defined microglial states, CLEC7A-positive cells and DM, in the context of LRRK2 G2019S PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Iovino
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy; Stella Maris Foundation, IRCCS, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - J VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - G Kaur
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy
| | - M Khakpour
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - V Giusti
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; San Camillo Hospital srl Società unipersonale, IRCCS, Venice, Italy
| | - M Donadon
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy
| | - A Chiavegato
- National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Section of Padova, Padova, Italy; Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova, Italy
| | - L Tenorio-Lopes
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - E Greggio
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; University of Padova, Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Padova, Italy
| | - M E Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - L Civiero
- University of Padua, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy; San Camillo Hospital srl Società unipersonale, IRCCS, Venice, Italy.
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15
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Kars ME, Wu Y, Stenson PD, Cooper DN, Burisch J, Peter I, Itan Y. The landscape of rare genetic variation associated with inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease comorbidity. Genome Med 2024; 16:66. [PMID: 38741190 PMCID: PMC11092054 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have been suggested to share common pathophysiological processes. LRRK2 has been implicated as playing a role in both diseases. Exploring the genetic basis of the IBD-PD comorbidity through studying high-impact rare genetic variants can facilitate the identification of the novel shared genetic factors underlying this comorbidity. METHODS We analyzed whole exomes from the BioMe BioBank and UK Biobank, and whole genomes from a cohort of 67 European patients diagnosed with both IBD and PD to examine the effects of LRRK2 missense variants on IBD, PD and their co-occurrence (IBD-PD). We performed optimized sequence kernel association test (SKAT-O) and network-based heterogeneity clustering (NHC) analyses using high-impact rare variants in the IBD-PD cohort to identify novel candidate genes, which we further prioritized by biological relatedness approaches. We conducted phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) employing BioMe BioBank and UK Biobank whole exomes to estimate the genetic relevance of the 14 prioritized genes to IBD-PD. RESULTS The analysis of LRRK2 missense variants revealed significant associations of the G2019S and N2081D variants with IBD-PD in addition to several other variants as potential contributors to increased or decreased IBD-PD risk. SKAT-O identified two significant genes, LRRK2 and IL10RA, and NHC identified 6 significant gene clusters that are biologically relevant to IBD-PD. We observed prominent overlaps between the enriched pathways in the known IBD, PD, and candidate IBD-PD gene sets. Additionally, we detected significantly enriched pathways unique to the IBD-PD, including MAPK signaling, LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function, and NAD signaling. Fourteen final candidate IBD-PD genes were prioritized by biological relatedness methods. The biological importance scores estimated by protein-protein interaction networks and pathway and ontology enrichment analyses indicated the involvement of genes related to immunity, inflammation, and autophagy in IBD-PD. Additionally, PheWAS provided support for the associations of candidate genes with IBD and PD. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms and uncovers new LRRK2 associations in IBD-PD. The identification of novel inflammation and autophagy-related genes supports and expands previous findings related to IBD-PD pathogenesis, and underscores the significance of therapeutic interventions for reducing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Ece Kars
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yiming Wu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nan Chong, Si Chuan, 637009, China
| | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Johan Burisch
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, 2650, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, 2650, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Yuval Itan
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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16
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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17
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Sharma PK, Weng JH, Manschwetus JT, Wu J, Ma W, Herberg FW, Taylor SS. Role of the leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 C-terminal tail in domain cross-talk. Biochem J 2024; 481:313-327. [PMID: 38305364 PMCID: PMC10903466 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multi-domain protein encompassing two of biology's most critical molecular switches, a kinase and a GTPase, and mutations in LRRK2 are key players in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The availability of multiple structures (full-length and truncated) has opened doors to explore intra-domain cross-talk in LRRK2. A helix extending from the WD40 domain and stably docking onto the kinase domain is common in all available structures. This C-terminal (Ct) helix is a hub of phosphorylation and organelle-localization motifs and thus serves as a multi-functional protein : protein interaction module. To examine its intra-domain interactions, we have recombinantly expressed a stable Ct motif (residues 2480-2527) and used peptide arrays to identify specific binding sites. We have identified a potential interaction site between the Ct helix and a loop in the CORB domain (CORB loop) using a combination of Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations and peptide arrays. This Ct-Motif contains two auto-phosphorylation sites (T2483 and T2524), and T2524 is a 14-3-3 binding site. The Ct helix, CORB loop, and the CORB-kinase linker together form a part of a dynamic 'CAP' that regulates the N-lobe of the kinase domain. We hypothesize that in inactive, full-length LRRK2, the Ct-helix will also mediate interactions with the N-terminal armadillo, ankyrin, and LRR domains (NTDs) and that binding of Rab substrates, PD mutations, or kinase inhibitors will unleash the NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kaila Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
| | - Jui-Hung Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
| | - Jascha T. Manschwetus
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Hessen, Germany
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Friedrich W. Herberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Hessen, Germany
| | - Susan S. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0652, U.S.A
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18
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O’Day DH. The Complex Interplay between Toxic Hallmark Proteins, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins, Ion Channels, and Receptors Involved in Calcium Dyshomeostasis in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:173. [PMID: 38397410 PMCID: PMC10886625 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium dyshomeostasis is an early critical event in neurodegeneration as exemplified by Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's (HD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Neuronal calcium homeostasis is maintained by a diversity of ion channels, buffers, calcium-binding protein effectors, and intracellular storage in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes. The function of these components and compartments is impacted by the toxic hallmark proteins of AD (amyloid beta and Tau), HD (huntingtin) and PD (alpha-synuclein) as well as by interactions with downstream calcium-binding proteins, especially calmodulin. Each of the toxic hallmark proteins (amyloid beta, Tau, huntingtin, and alpha-synuclein) binds to calmodulin. Multiple channels and receptors involved in calcium homeostasis and dysregulation also bind to and are regulated by calmodulin. The primary goal of this review is to show the complexity of these interactions and how they can impact research and the search for therapies. A secondary goal is to suggest that therapeutic targets downstream from calcium dyshomeostasis may offer greater opportunities for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danton H. O’Day
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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19
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Björklund A, Mattsson B. The AAV-α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson's Disease: An Update. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:1077-1094. [PMID: 39031386 PMCID: PMC11380285 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of α-synuclein using AAV vectors has over the two decades since its introduction developed into a versatile tool for modeling different aspects of synucleinopathy, mimicking those seen in Parkinson's disease and related Lewy body disorders. The viral vector approach to disease modeling is attractive in that the expression of α-synuclein, wild-type or mutated, can be confined to defined anatomical structures and targeted to selected cell populations using either cell-type specific promoter constructs or different natural or engineered AAV serotypes. AAV-α-synuclein was initially used to model progressive α-synuclein pathology in nigral dopamine neurons, and, like the standard 6-OHDA model, it has most commonly been applied unilaterally, using the non-injected side as a reference and control. In recent years, however, the AAV-α-synuclein model has become more widely used to induce Parkinson-like synuclein pathology in other relevant neuronal systems, such as the brainstem noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, the vagal motor neurons, as well as in oligodendrocytes, the prime target relevant to the pathology seen in multiple system atrophy. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the progress made in the use of the AAV-α-synuclein model over the last two decades and summarize the state-of-the art in the use of the AAV-α-synuclein model for disease modeling in rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Björklund
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Mattsson
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Keavney JL, Mathur S, Schroeder K, Merrell R, Castillo-Torres SA, Gao V, Crotty GF, Schwarzschild MA, Poma JM. Perspectives of People At-Risk on Parkinson's Prevention Research. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:399-414. [PMID: 38489198 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The movement toward prevention trials in people at-risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) is rapidly becoming a reality. The authors of this article include a genetically at-risk advocate with the LRRK2 G2019 S variant and two patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), one of whom has now been diagnosed with PD. These authors participated as speakers, panelists, and moderators in the "Planning for Prevention of Parkinson's: A Trial Design Forum" hosted by Massachusetts General Hospital in 2021 and 2022. Other authors include a young onset person with Parkinson's (PwP) and retired family physician, an expert in patient engagement in Parkinson's, and early career and veteran movement disorders clinician researchers. Several themes emerged from the at-risk participant voice concerning the importance of early intervention, the legitimacy of their input in decision-making, and the desire for transparent communication and feedback throughout the entire research study process. Challenges and opportunities in the current environment include lack of awareness among primary care physicians and general neurologists about PD risk, legal and psychological implications of risk disclosure, limited return of individual research study results, and undefined engagement and integration of individuals at-risk into the broader Parkinson's community. Incorporating the perspectives of individuals at-risk as well as those living with PD at this early stage of prevention trial development is crucial to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi L Keavney
- Parkinson's Foundation, Parkinson's Advocates in Research Program, Pendergrass, GA, USA
| | | | - Karlin Schroeder
- Parkinson's Foundation, Associate Vice President of Community Engagement, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sergio A Castillo-Torres
- Edmond J. Safra Fellow in Movement Disorders, Servicio de Movimientos Anormales, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Gao
- Movement Disorders Fellow, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace F Crotty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Poma
- Parkinson's Foundation, People with Parkinson's Advisory Council, Glen Allen, VA, USA
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21
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Sanz Murillo M, Villagran Suarez A, Dederer V, Chatterjee D, Alegrio Louro J, Knapp S, Mathea S, Leschziner AE. Inhibition of Parkinson's disease-related LRRK2 by type I and type II kinase inhibitors: Activity and structures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk6191. [PMID: 38039358 PMCID: PMC10691770 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and a risk factor for the sporadic form. Increased kinase activity was shown in patients with both familial and sporadic PD, making LRRK2 kinase inhibitors a major focus of drug development efforts. Although much progress has been made in understanding the structural biology of LRRK2, there are no available structures of LRRK2 inhibitor complexes. To this end, we solved cryo-electron microscopy structures of LRRK2, wild-type and PD-linked mutants, bound to the LRRK2-specific type I inhibitor MLi-2 and the broad-spectrum type II inhibitor GZD-824. Our structures revealed an active-like LRRK2 kinase in the type I inhibitor complex, and an inactive DYG-out in the type II inhibitor complex. Our structural analysis also showed how inhibitor-induced conformational changes in LRRK2 are affected by its autoinhibitory N-terminal repeats. The structures provide a template for the rational development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors covering both canonical inhibitor binding modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanz Murillo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Researcg Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Amalia Villagran Suarez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Researcg Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Verena Dederer
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Researcg Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Deep Chatterjee
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Researcg Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Jaime Alegrio Louro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Researcg Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Researcg Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mathea
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Researcg Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Andres E. Leschziner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Researcg Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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22
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Nechushtai L, Frenkel D, Pinkas-Kramarski R. Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1435. [PMID: 37892117 PMCID: PMC10604695 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating disease associated with accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) within dopaminergic neurons, leading to neuronal death. PD is characterized by both motor and non-motor clinical symptoms. Several studies indicate that autophagy, an important intracellular degradation pathway, may be involved in different neurodegenerative diseases including PD. The autophagic process mediates the degradation of protein aggregates, damaged and unneeded proteins, and organelles, allowing their clearance, and thereby maintaining cell homeostasis. Impaired autophagy may cause the accumulation of abnormal proteins. Incomplete or impaired autophagy may explain the neurotoxic accumulation of protein aggregates in several neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Indeed, studies have suggested the contribution of impaired autophagy to α-Syn accumulation, the death of dopaminergic neurons, and neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the involvement of autophagy in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (L.N.); (D.F.)
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