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Sulaksono HLS, Annisa A, Ruslami R, Mufeeduzzaman M, Panatarani C, Hermawan W, Ekawardhani S, Joni IM. Recent Advances in Graphene Oxide-Based on Organoid Culture as Disease Model and Cell Behavior - A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6201-6228. [PMID: 38911499 PMCID: PMC11193994 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s455940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to replicate the in vivo microenvironment through cell interaction and induce cells to stimulate cell function, three-dimensional cell culture models can overcome the limitations of two-dimensional models. Organoids are 3D models that demonstrate the ability to replicate the natural structure of an organ. In most organoid tissue cultures, matrigel made of a mouse tumor extracellular matrix protein mixture is an essential ingredient. However, its tumor-derived origin, batch-to-batch variation, high cost, and safety concerns have limited the usefulness of organoid drug development and regenerative medicine. Its clinical application has also been hindered by the fact that organoid generation is dependent on the use of poorly defined matrices. Therefore, matrix optimization is a crucial step in developing organoid culture that introduces alternatives as different materials. Recently, a variety of substitute materials has reportedly replaced matrigel. The purpose of this study is to review the significance of the latest advances in materials for cell culture applications and how they enhance build network systems by generating proper cell behavior. Excellence in cell behavior is evaluated from their cell characteristics, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and even gene expression. As a result, graphene oxide as a matrix optimization demonstrated high potency in developing organoid models. Graphene oxide can promote good cell behavior and is well known for having good biocompatibility. Hence, advances in matrix optimization of graphene oxide provide opportunities for the future development of advanced organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annisa Annisa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rovina Ruslami
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Mufeeduzzaman Mufeeduzzaman
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Camellia Panatarani
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Wawan Hermawan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Savira Ekawardhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - I Made Joni
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Shi H, Kowalczewski A, Vu D, Liu X, Salekin A, Yang H, Ma Z. Organoid intelligence: Integration of organoid technology and artificial intelligence in the new era of in vitro models. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2024; 21:100276. [PMID: 38646471 PMCID: PMC11027187 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoid Intelligence ushers in a new era by seamlessly integrating cutting-edge organoid technology with the power of artificial intelligence. Organoids, three-dimensional miniature organ-like structures cultivated from stem cells, offer an unparalleled opportunity to simulate complex human organ systems in vitro. Through the convergence of organoid technology and AI, researchers gain the means to accelerate discoveries and insights across various disciplines. Artificial intelligence algorithms enable the comprehensive analysis of intricate organoid behaviors, intricate cellular interactions, and dynamic responses to stimuli. This synergy empowers the development of predictive models, precise disease simulations, and personalized medicine approaches, revolutionizing our understanding of human development, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. Organoid Intelligence holds the promise of reshaping how we perceive in vitro modeling, propelling us toward a future where these advanced systems play a pivotal role in biomedical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Kowalczewski
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Danny Vu
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Asif Salekin
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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3
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Zhang F, Gao H, Jiang X, Yang F, Zhang J, Song S, Shen J. Biomedical Application of Decellularized Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5145-5168. [PMID: 38032114 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue loss and end-stage organ failure are serious health problems across the world. Natural and synthetic polymer scaffold material based artificial organs play an important role in the field of tissue engineering and organ regeneration, but they are not from the body and may cause side effects such as rejection. In recent years, the biomimetic decellularized scaffold based materials have drawn great attention in the tissue engineering field for their good biocompatibility, easy modification, and excellent organism adaptability. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively summarize the application of decellularized scaffolds in tissue engineering and biomedicine in recent years. The preparation methods, modification strategies, construction of artificial tissues, and application in biomedical applications are discussed. We hope that this review will provide a useful reference for research on decellularized scaffolds and promote their application tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Saijie Song
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Silva-Pedrosa R, Salgado AJ, Ferreira PE. Revolutionizing Disease Modeling: The Emergence of Organoids in Cellular Systems. Cells 2023; 12:930. [PMID: 36980271 PMCID: PMC10047824 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular models have created opportunities to explore the characteristics of human diseases through well-established protocols, while avoiding the ethical restrictions associated with post-mortem studies and the costs associated with researching animal models. The capability of cell reprogramming, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology, solved the complications associated with human embryonic stem cells (hESC) usage. Moreover, iPSCs made significant contributions for human medicine, such as in diagnosis, therapeutic and regenerative medicine. The two-dimensional (2D) models allowed for monolayer cellular culture in vitro; however, they were surpassed by the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system. The 3D cell culture provides higher cell-cell contact and a multi-layered cell culture, which more closely respects cellular morphology and polarity. It is more tightly able to resemble conditions in vivo and a closer approach to the architecture of human tissues, such as human organoids. Organoids are 3D cellular structures that mimic the architecture and function of native tissues. They are generated in vitro from stem cells or differentiated cells, such as epithelial or neural cells, and are used to study organ development, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Organoids have become a powerful tool for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying human physiology, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of cancer, metabolic diseases, and brain disorders. Although organoid technology is up-and-coming, it also has some limitations that require improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Silva-Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.J.S.); (P.E.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.J.S.); (P.E.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Eduardo Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.J.S.); (P.E.F.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Martin M, Gähwiler EKN, Generali M, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Advances in 3D Organoid Models for Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065188. [PMID: 36982261 PMCID: PMC10049446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart cannot regain complete cardiac function following tissue injury, making cardiac regeneration a current clinical unmet need. There are a number of clinical procedures aimed at reducing ischemic damage following injury; however, it has not yet been possible to stimulate adult cardiomyocytes to recover and proliferate. The emergence of pluripotent stem cell technologies and 3D culture systems has revolutionized the field. Specifically, 3D culture systems have enhanced precision medicine through obtaining a more accurate human microenvironmental condition to model disease and/or drug interactions in vitro. In this study, we cover current advances and limitations in stem cell-based cardiac regenerative medicine. Specifically, we discuss the clinical implementation and limitations of stem cell-based technologies and ongoing clinical trials. We then address the advent of 3D culture systems to produce cardiac organoids that may better represent the human heart microenvironment for disease modeling and genetic screening. Finally, we delve into the insights gained from cardiac organoids in relation to cardiac regeneration and further discuss the implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Generali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-5610
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6
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Treacy NJ, Clerkin S, Davis JL, Kennedy C, Miller AF, Saiani A, Wychowaniec JK, Brougham DF, Crean J. Growth and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids using fully synthetic peptide hydrogels. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:142-156. [PMID: 36093324 PMCID: PMC9420433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids have prospective applications ranging from basic disease modelling to personalised medicine. However, there remains a necessity to refine the biophysical and biochemical parameters that govern kidney organoid formation. Differentiation within fully-controllable and physiologically relevant 3D growth environments will be critical to improving organoid reproducibility and maturation. Here, we matured hiPSC-derived kidney organoids within fully synthetic self-assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs) of variable stiffness (storage modulus, G'). The resulting organoids contained complex structures comparable to those differentiated within the animal-derived matrix, Matrigel. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was then used to compare organoids matured within SAPHs to those grown within Matrigel or at the air-liquid interface. A total of 13,179 cells were analysed, revealing 14 distinct clusters. Organoid compositional analysis revealed a larger proportion of nephron cell types within Transwell-derived organoids, while SAPH-derived organoids were enriched for stromal-associated cell populations. Notably, differentiation within a higher G' SAPH generated podocytes with more mature gene expression profiles. Additionally, maturation within a 3D microenvironment significantly reduced the derivation of off-target cell types, which are a known limitation of current kidney organoid protocols. This work demonstrates the utility of synthetic peptide-based hydrogels with a defined stiffness, as a minimally complex microenvironment for the selected differentiation of kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J Treacy
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Clerkin
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jessica L Davis
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ciarán Kennedy
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aline F Miller
- Department of Materials & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alberto Saiani
- Department of Materials & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jacek K Wychowaniec
- UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dermot F Brougham
- UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John Crean
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin (UCD) Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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7
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Kuo TC, Cabrera-Barragan DN, Lopez-Marfil M, Lopez-Cantu DO, Lemos DR. Can Kidney Organoid Xenografts Accelerate Therapeutic Development for Genetic Kidney Disorders? J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:184-190. [PMID: 36344066 PMCID: PMC10103095 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genetic kidney diseases can now be replicated experimentally, using kidney organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells. This methodology holds great potential for drug discovery. Under in vitro conditions, however, kidney organoids remain developmentally immature, develop scarce vasculature, and may contain undesired off-target cell types. Those critical deficiencies limit their potential as disease-modeling tools. Orthotopic transplantation under the kidney capsule improves the anatomic maturity and vascularization of kidney organoids, while reducing off-target cell content. The improvements can translate into more accurate representations of disease phenotypes and mechanisms in vivo . Recent studies using kidney organoid xenografts highlighted the unique potential of this novel methodology for elucidating molecular mechanisms driving monogenic kidney disorders and for the development ofnovel pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Kuo
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dalia N. Cabrera-Barragan
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marta Lopez-Marfil
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana O. Lopez-Cantu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dario R. Lemos
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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8
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Corridon PR. Still finding ways to augment the existing management of acute and chronic kidney diseases with targeted gene and cell therapies: Opportunities and hurdles. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143028. [PMID: 36960337 PMCID: PMC10028138 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of acute and chronic kidney diseases has increased the demand for renal replacement therapy. This issue, compounded with the limited availability of viable kidneys for transplantation, has propelled the search for alternative strategies to address the growing health and economic burdens associated with these conditions. In the search for such alternatives, significant efforts have been devised to augment the current and primarily supportive management of renal injury with novel regenerative strategies. For example, gene- and cell-based approaches that utilize recombinant peptides/proteins, gene, cell, organoid, and RNAi technologies have shown promising outcomes primarily in experimental models. Supporting research has also been conducted to improve our understanding of the critical aspects that facilitate the development of efficient gene- and cell-based techniques that the complex structure of the kidney has traditionally limited. This manuscript is intended to communicate efforts that have driven the development of such therapies by identifying the vectors and delivery routes needed to drive exogenous transgene incorporation that may support the treatment of acute and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Peter R. Corridon,
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Arjmand B, Rabbani Z, Soveyzi F, Tayanloo-Beik A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Biglar M, Adibi H, Larijani B. Advancement of Organoid Technology in Regenerative Medicine. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 9:83-96. [PMID: 35968268 PMCID: PMC9360642 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Organoids are three-dimensional cultures of stem cells in an environment similar to the body's extracellular matrix. This is also a novel development in the realm of regenerative medicine. Stem cells can begin to develop into 3D structures by modifying signaling pathways. To form organoids, stem cells are transplanted into the extracellular matrix. Organoids have provided the required technologies to reproduce human tissues. As a result, it might be used in place of animal models in scientific study. The key goals of these investigations are research into viral and genetic illnesses, malignancies, and extracellular vesicles, pharmaceutical discovery, and organ transplantation. Organoids can help pave the road for precision medicine through genetic editing, pharmaceutical development, and cell therapy. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used to search for all relevant papers written in English (1907-2021). The study abstracts were scrutinized. Studies on the use of stem-cell-derived organoids in regenerative medicine, organoids as 3D culture models for EVs analysis, and organoids for precision medicine were included. Articles with other irrelevant aims, meetings, letters, commentaries, congress and conference abstracts, and articles with no available full texts were excluded. Results According to the included studies, organoids have various origins, types, and applications in regenerative and precision medicine, as well as an important role in studying extracellular vesicles. Conclusion Organoids are considered a bridge that connects preclinical studies to clinical ones. However, the lack of a standardized protocol and other barriers addressed in this review, hinder the vast use of this technology. Lay Summary Organoids are 3D stem cell propagations in biological or synthetic scaffolds that mimic ECM to allow intercellular or matrix-cellular crosstalk. Because these structures are similar to organs in the body, they can be used as research models. Organoids are medicine's future hope for organ transplantation, tumor biobank formation, and the development of precision medicine. Organoid models can be used to study cell-to-cell interactions as well as effective factors like inflammation and aging. Bioengineering technologies are also used to define the size, shape, and composition of organoids before transforming them into precise structures. Finally, the importance of organoid applications in regenerative medicine has opened a new window for a better understanding of biological research, as discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rabbani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Soveyzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Adibi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Bioengineering Liver Organoids for Diseases Modelling and Transplantation. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120796. [PMID: 36551002 PMCID: PMC9774794 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organoids as three-dimension (3D) cellular organizations partially mimic the physiological functions and micro-architecture of native tissues and organs, holding great potential for clinical applications. Advances in the identification of essential factors including physical cues and biochemical signals for controlling organoid development have contributed to the success of growing liver organoids from liver tissue and stem/progenitor cells. However, to recapitulate the physiological properties and the architecture of a native liver, one has to generate liver organoids that contain all the major liver cell types in correct proportions and relative 3D locations as found in a native liver. Recent advances in stem-cell-, biomaterial- and engineering-based approaches have been incorporated into conventional organoid culture methods to facilitate the development of a more sophisticated liver organoid culture resembling a near to native mini-liver in a dish. However, a comprehensive review on the recent advancement in the bioengineering liver organoid is still lacking. Here, we review the current liver organoid systems, focusing on the construction of the liver organoid system with various cell sources, the roles of growth factors for engineering liver organoids, as well as the recent advances in the bioengineering liver organoid disease models and their biomedical applications.
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11
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Parigoris E, Lee JH, Liu AY, Zhao X, Takayama S. Extended longevity geometrically-inverted proximal tubule organoids. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121828. [PMID: 36215909 PMCID: PMC10693433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the cellular self-organization of primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) around a minimal Matrigel scaffold to produce basal-in and apical-out proximal tubule organoids (tubuloids). These tubuloids are produced and maintained in hanging drop cultures for 90+ days, the longest such culture of any kind reported to date. The tubuloids upregulate maturity markers, such as aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and megalin (LRP2), and exhibit less mesenchymal and proliferation markers, such as vimentin and Ki67, compared to 2D cultures. They also experience changes over time as revealed by a comparison of gene expression patterns of cells in 2D culture and in day 31 and day 67 tubuloids. Gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry reveal an increase in the expression of megalin, an endocytic receptor that can directly bind and uptake protein or potentially assist protein uptake. The tubuloids, including day 90 tubuloids, uptake fluorescent albumin and reveal punctate fluorescent patterns, suggesting functional endocytic uptake through these receptors. Furthermore, the tubuloids release kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a common biomarker for kidney injury, when exposed to albumin in both dose- and time-dependent manners. While this study focuses on potential applications for modeling proteinuric kidney disease, the tubuloids may have broad utility for studies where apical proximal tubule cell access is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Parigoris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amy Yunfan Liu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xueying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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12
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Kalejaiye TD, Barreto AD, Musah S. Translating Organoids into Artificial Kidneys. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2022; 9:276-286. [PMID: 36311696 PMCID: PMC9592871 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-022-00383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Kidney disease affects more than 13% of the world population, and current treatment options are limited to dialysis and organ transplantation. The generation of kidney organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells could be harnessed to engineer artificial organs and help overcome the challenges associated with the limited supply of transplantable kidneys. The purpose of this article is to review the progress in kidney organoid generation and transplantation and highlight some existing challenges in the field. We also examined possible improvements that could help realize the potential of organoids as artificial organs or alternatives for kidney transplantation therapy. Recent Findings Organoids are useful for understanding the mechanisms of kidney development, and they provide robust platforms for drug screening, disease modeling, and generation of tissues for organ replacement therapies. Efforts to design organoids rely on the ability of cells to self-assemble and pattern themselves into recognizable tissues. While existing protocols for generating organoids result in multicellular structures reminiscent of the developing kidney, many do not yet fully recapitulate the complex cellular composition, structure, and functions of the intact kidney. Recent advances toward achieving these goals include identifying cell culture conditions that produce organoids with improved vasculature and cell maturation and functional states. Still, additional improvements are needed to enhance tissue patterning, specialization, and function, and avoid tumorigenicity after transplantation. Summary This report focuses on kidney organoid studies, advancements and limitations, and future directions for improvements towards transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilola D. Kalejaiye
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Amanda D. Barreto
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Samira Musah
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,Affiliate Faculty of the Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke Regeneration Center, and Duke MEDx Initiative, Durham, NC USA
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13
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Cui Y, Xiao R, Zhou Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Yang X, Shen Z, Liang B, Shen K, Li Y, Xiong G, Ye Y, Ai X. Establishment of organoid models based on a nested array chip for fast and reproducible drug testing in colorectal cancer therapy. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Differentiated kidney tubular cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhance maturation of tubuloids. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:326. [PMID: 35841001 PMCID: PMC9284832 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is rapidly increasing with the need for regenerative therapies. Adult stem cell derived kidney tubuloids have the potential to functionally mimic the adult kidney tubule, but still lack the expression of important transport proteins needed for waste removal. Here, we investigated the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from matured kidney tubular epithelial cells to modulate in vitro tubuloids functional maturation. We focused on organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), one of the most important proteins involved in endogenous waste excretion. First, we show that EVs from engineered proximal tubule cells increased the expression of several transcription factors and epithelial transporters, resulting in improved OAT1 transport capacity. Next, a more in-depth proteomic data analysis showed that EVs can trigger various biological pathways, including mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which is crucial in the tubular epithelial maturation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the combination of EVs and tubuloid-derived cells can be used as part of a bioartificial kidney to generate a tight polarized epithelial monolayer with formation of dense cilia structures. In conclusion, EVs from kidney tubular epithelial cells can phenotypically improve in vitro tubuloid maturation, thereby enhancing their potential as functional units in regenerative or renal replacement therapies.
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15
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Suhito IR, Kim JW, Koo K, Nam SA, Kim YK, Kim T. In Situ Detection of Kidney Organoid Generation From Stem Cells Using a Simple Electrochemical Method. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200074. [PMID: 35506260 PMCID: PMC9284177 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organoids that mimic the structural and cellular characteristics of kidneys in vitro have recently emerged as a promising source for biomedical research. However, uncontrollable cellular heterogeneity after differentiation often results in the generation of off-target cells, one of the most challenging issues in organoid research. This study proposes a new method that enables the real-time assessment of kidney organoids derived from stem cells. When placed on a conductive surface, these organoids generate unique electrochemical signals at ≈0.3 V with intensities proportional to the amount of kidney-specific cell types. Off-target cells (i.e., non-kidney cells) produce an electrical signature at 0 V that is distinguishable from other surrounding cell types, enabling non-destructive assessment of both the differentiation, and maturation levels of kidney organoids. The developed platform can be applied to other types of organoids and is thus highly promising as a tool for organoid-based drug screening, toxicity assessment, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyeong‐Mo Koo
- School of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Nam
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea
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16
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Röck R, Rizzo L, Lienkamp SS. Kidney Development: Recent Insights from Technological Advances. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35253460 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00041.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a complex organ, and how it forms is a fascinating process. New technologies, such as single-cell transcriptomics, and enhanced imaging modalities are offering new approaches to understand the complex and intertwined processes during embryonic kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Röck
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ludovica Rizzo
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland.,PhD program "Molecular and Translational Biomedicine," Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Soeren S Lienkamp
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR) Kidney Control of Homeostasis (Kidney.CH), Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Valverde MG, Mille LS, Figler KP, Cervantes E, Li VY, Bonventre JV, Masereeuw R, Zhang YS. Biomimetic models of the glomerulus. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:241-257. [PMID: 35064233 PMCID: PMC9949601 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomimetic models of the glomerulus has the potential to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and to enable progress in therapeutics. Current in vitro models comprise organ-on-a-chip, scaffold-based and organoid approaches. Glomerulus-on-a-chip designs mimic components of glomerular microfluidic flow but lack the inherent complexity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Scaffold-based 3D culture systems and organoids provide greater microenvironmental complexity but do not replicate fluid flows and dynamic responses to fluidic stimuli. As the available models do not accurately model the structure or filtration function of the glomerulus, their applications are limited. An optimal approach to glomerular modelling is yet to be developed, but the field will probably benefit from advances in biofabrication techniques. In particular, 3D bioprinting technologies could enable the fabrication of constructs that recapitulate the complex structure of the glomerulus and the glomerular filtration barrier. The next generation of in vitro glomerular models must be suitable for high(er)-content or/and high(er)-throughput screening to enable continuous and systematic monitoring. Moreover, coupling of glomerular or kidney models with those of other organs is a promising approach to enable modelling of partial or full-body responses to drugs and prediction of therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Valverde
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luis S Mille
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kianti P Figler
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ernesto Cervantes
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Y Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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18
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Owida HA, Al-Nabulsi JI, Alnaimat F, Al-Ayyad M, Turab NM, Al Sharah A, Shakur M. Recent Applications of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffold in Tissue Engineering. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:1953861. [PMID: 35186119 PMCID: PMC8849965 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1953861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a relatively new area of research that combines medical, biological, and engineering fundamentals to create tissue-engineered constructs that regenerate, preserve, or slightly increase the functions of tissues. To create mature tissue, the extracellular matrix should be imitated by engineered structures, allow for oxygen and nutrient transmission, and release toxins during tissue repair. Numerous recent studies have been devoted to developing three-dimensional nanostructures for tissue engineering. One of the most effective of these methods is electrospinning. Numerous nanofibrous scaffolds have been constructed over the last few decades for tissue repair and restoration. The current review gives an overview of attempts to construct nanofibrous meshes as tissue-engineered scaffolds for various tissues such as bone, cartilage, cardiovascular, and skin tissues. Also, the current article addresses the recent improvements and difficulties in tissue regeneration using electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Abu Owida
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Jamal I. Al-Nabulsi
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Feras Alnaimat
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Al-Ayyad
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Nidal M. Turab
- Department of Networks and Information Security, Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Ashraf Al Sharah
- Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Murad Shakur
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
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19
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Arjmand B, Kokabi Hamidpour S, Rabbani Z, Tayanloo-Beik A, Rahim F, Aghayan HR, Larijani B. Organ on a Chip: A Novel in vitro Biomimetic Strategy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Modeling. Front Neurol 2022; 12:788462. [PMID: 35111126 PMCID: PMC8802668 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.788462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a pernicious neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, the disruption of impulse transmission from motor neurons to muscle cells, and the development of mobility impairments. Clinically, muscle paralysis can spread to other parts of the body. Hence it may have adverse effects on swallowing, speaking, and even breathing, which serves as major problems facing these patients. According to the available evidence, no definite treatment has been found for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that results in a significant outcome, although some pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are currently applied that are accompanied by some positive effects. In other words, available therapies are only used to relieve symptoms without any significant treatment effects that highlight the importance of seeking more novel therapies. Unfortunately, the process of discovering new drugs with high therapeutic potential for ALS treatment is fraught with challenges. The lack of a broad view of the disease process from early to late-stage and insufficiency of preclinical studies for providing validated results prior to conducting clinical trials are other reasons for the ALS drug discovery failure. However, increasing the combined application of different fields of regenerative medicine, especially tissue engineering and stem cell therapy can be considered as a step forward to develop more novel technologies. For instance, organ on a chip is one of these technologies that can provide a platform to promote a comprehensive understanding of neuromuscular junction biology and screen candidate drugs for ALS in combination with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The structure of this technology is based on the use of essential components such as iPSC- derived motor neurons and iPSC-derived skeletal muscle cells on a single miniaturized chip for ALS modeling. Accordingly, an organ on a chip not only can mimic ALS complexities but also can be considered as a more cost-effective and time-saving disease modeling platform in comparison with others. Hence, it can be concluded that lab on a chip can make a major contribution as a biomimetic micro-physiological system in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Babak Arjmand
| | - Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rabbani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia, and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bagher Larijani
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20
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Cintron Pregosin N, Bronstein R, Mallipattu SK. Recent Advances in Kidney Bioengineering. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:743301. [PMID: 34900859 PMCID: PMC8655860 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.743301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is an epidemic that affects more than 600 million people worldwide. The socioeconomic impacts of the disease disproportionately affect Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black Americans, making the disease an issue of social inequality. The urgency of this situation has only become worse during the COVID-19 pandemic, as those who are hospitalized for COVID-19 have an increased risk of kidney failure. For researchers, the kidney is a complex organ that is difficult to accurately model and understand. Traditional cell culture models are not adequate for studying the functional intricacies of the kidney, but recent experiments have offered improvements for understanding these systems. Recent progress includes organoid modeling, 3D bioprinting, decellularization, and microfluidics. Here, we offer a review of the most recent advances in kidney bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cintron Pregosin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Robert Bronstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sandeep K. Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
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21
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Nagasubramanian S. The future of the artificial kidney. Indian J Urol 2021; 37:310-317. [PMID: 34759521 PMCID: PMC8555564 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_273_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing worldwide. In India, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease and ESRD. Hemodialysis is the most prevalent renal replacement therapy (RRT) in India. The ideal RRT must mimic the complex structure of the human kidney while maintaining the patient's quality of life. The quest for finding the ideal RRT, the “artificial kidney”– that can be replicated in the clinical setting and scaled-up across barriers– continues to this date. This review aims to outline the developments, the current status of the artificial kidney and explore its future potential.
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22
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Stoeklé HC, Ivasilevitch A, Marignac G, Hervé C. Creation and use of organoids in biomedical research and healthcare: the bioethical and metabioethical issues. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:285-294. [PMID: 34706616 PMCID: PMC8555554 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1996749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of bioethics, scientific articles have already been published, and have highlighted relatively pluralist reflections concerning the creation and use of organoids. This plurality, rather than simply reflecting the complexity of the subject, may also be a consequence of the multiple theoretical and practical frameworks applied. Moreover, the creation and use of organoids in biomedical research and healthcare is probably in its infancy. This phenomenon is likely to increase in amplitude. Bioethics may be able to provide it with an effective and pertinent moral meaning, provided that a veritable metabioethical reflection is developed in parallel, that is, a reflection on bioethics itself, to provide scientists and clinicians with the best possible assistance in their everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Corto Stoeklé
- Department of Ethics and Scientific Integrity, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Achille Ivasilevitch
- Department of Ethics and Scientific Integrity, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,Laboratory of Business Law and New Technologies (Dante) (UR4498), Paris-Saclay University (Uvsq), Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Christian Hervé
- Department of Ethics and Scientific Integrity, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,University of Paris, Paris, France.,International Academy of Medical Ethics and Public Health, University of Paris, Paris, France.,Veterinary Academy of France, Paris, France
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23
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Sapir G, Steinberg DJ, Aqeilan RI, Katz-Brull R. Real-Time Non-Invasive and Direct Determination of Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Cerebral Organoids-A New Method to Characterize the Metabolism of Brain Organoids? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090878. [PMID: 34577579 PMCID: PMC8465402 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are a powerful tool in the quest to understand human diseases. As the developing brain is extremely inaccessible in mammals, cerebral organoids (COs) provide a unique way to investigate neural development and related disorders. The aim of this study was to utilize hyperpolarized 13C NMR to investigate the metabolism of COs in real-time, in a non-destructive manner. The enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by quantifying the rate of [1-13C]lactate production from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Organoid development was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging. Organoid viability was confirmed using 31P NMR spectroscopy. A total of 15 organoids collated into 3 groups with a group total weight of 20-77 mg were used in this study. Two groups were at the age of 10 weeks and one was at the age of 33 weeks. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated in both age groups, and the LDH activity rate was found to be 1.32 ± 0.75 nmol/s (n = 3 organoid batches). These results suggest that hyperpolarized NMR can be used to characterize the metabolism of brain organoids with a total tissue wet weight of as low as 20 mg (<3 mm3) and a diameter ranging from 3 to 6 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Daniel J. Steinberg
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (D.J.S.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (D.J.S.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Correspondence:
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24
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From Cells to Organs: The Present and Future of Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:135-149. [PMID: 34327664 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine promises a bright future where damaged body parts can be restored, rejuvenated, and replaced. The application of regenerative medicine is interdisciplinary and covers nearly all fields of medical sciences and molecular engineering. This review provides a road map on how regenerative medicine is applied on the levels of cell, tissue, and organ and summarizes the advantages and limitation of human pluripotent stem cells in disease modeling and regenerative application.
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25
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Wong CY. Current advances of stem cell-based therapy for kidney diseases. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:914-933. [PMID: 34367484 PMCID: PMC8316868 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases are a prevalent health problem around the world. Multidrug therapy used in the current routine treatment for kidney diseases can only delay disease progression. None of these drugs or treatments can reverse the progression to an end-stage of the disease. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel therapeutics to improve patients’ quality of life and possibly cure, reverse, or alleviate the kidney disease. Stem cells have promising potentials as a form of regenerative medicine for kidney diseases due to their unlimited replication and their ability to differentiate into kidney cells in vitro. Mounting evidences from the administration of stem cells in an experimental kidney disease model suggested that stem cell-based therapy has therapeutic or renoprotective effects to attenuate kidney damage while improving the function and structure of both glomerular and tubular compartments. This review summarises the current stem cell-based therapeutic approaches to treat kidney diseases, including the various cell sources, animal models or in vitro studies. The challenges of progressing from proof-of-principle in the laboratory to widespread clinical application and the human clinical trial outcomes reported to date are also highlighted. The success of cell-based therapy could widen the scope of regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Yin Wong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Department, Cytopeutics, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Geuens T, Ruiter FAA, Schumacher A, Morgan FLC, Rademakers T, Wiersma LE, van den Berg CW, Rabelink TJ, Baker MB, LaPointe VLS. Thiol-ene cross-linked alginate hydrogel encapsulation modulates the extracellular matrix of kidney organoids by reducing abnormal type 1a1 collagen deposition. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120976. [PMID: 34198162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated kidney organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells hold promise as a treatment for patients with kidney diseases. Before these organoids can be translated to the clinic, shortcomings regarding their cellular and extracellular compositions, and their developmental plateau need to be overcome. We performed a proteomic analysis on kidney organoids cultured for a prolonged culture time and we found a specific change in the extracellular matrix composition with increased expression of types 1a1, 2 and 6a1 collagen. Such an excessive accumulation of specific collagen types is a hallmark of renal fibrosis that causes a life-threatening pathological condition by compromising key functions of the human kidney. Here we hypothesized the need for a three-dimensional environment to grow the kidney organoids, which could better mimic the in vivo surroundings of the developing kidney than standard culture on an air-liquid interface. Encapsulating organoids for four days in a soft, thiol-ene cross-linked alginate hydrogel resulted in decreased type 1a1 collagen expression. Furthermore, the encapsulation did not result in any changes of organoid structural morphology. Using a biomaterial to modulate collagen expression allows for a prolonged kidney organoid culture in vitro and a reduction of abnormal type 1a1 collagen expression bringing kidney organoids closer to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Geuens
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor A A Ruiter
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anika Schumacher
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Francis L C Morgan
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Rademakers
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Loes E Wiersma
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Baker
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Enhancing Kidney Vasculature in Tissue Engineering-Current Trends and Approaches: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6020040. [PMID: 34208664 PMCID: PMC8293130 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases are a leading cause of fatalities around the world. As the most sought-after organ for transplantation, the kidney is of immense importance in the field of tissue engineering. The primary obstacle to the development of clinically relevant tissue engineered kidneys is precise vascularization due to the organ's large size and complexity. Current attempts at whole-kidney tissue engineering include the repopulation of decellularized kidney extracellular matrices or vascular corrosion casts, but these approaches do not eliminate the need for a donor organ. Stem cell-based approaches, such as kidney organoids vascularized in microphysiological systems, aim to construct a kidney without the need for organ donation. These organ-on-a-chip models show complex, functioning kidney structures, albeit at a small scale. Novel methodologies for developing engineered scaffolds will allow for improved differentiation of kidney stem cells and organoids into larger kidney grafts with clinical applications. While currently, kidney tissue engineering remains mostly limited to individual renal structures or small organoids, further developments in vascularization techniques, with technologies such as organoids in microfluidic systems, could potentially open doors for a large-scale growth of whole engineered kidneys for transplantation.
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Bioprinting of kidney in vitro models: cells, biomaterials, and manufacturing techniques. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:587-602. [PMID: 34096573 PMCID: PMC8365327 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with end-stage renal disease is continuously increasing worldwide. The only therapies for these patients are dialysis and organ transplantation, but the latter is limited due to the insufficient number of donor kidneys available. Research in kidney disease and alternative therapies are therefore of outmost importance. In vitro models that mimic human kidney functions are essential to provide better insights in disease and ultimately novel therapies. Bioprinting techniques have been increasingly used to create models with some degree of function, but their true potential is yet to be achieved. Bioprinted renal tissues and kidney-like constructs presents challenges, for example, choosing suitable renal cells and biomaterials for the formulation of bioinks. In addition, the fabrication of complex renal biological structures is still a major bottleneck. Advances in pluripotent stem cell-derived renal progenitors has contributed to in vivo-like rudiment structures with multiple renal cells, and these started to make a great impact on the achieved models. Natural- or synthetic-based biomaterial inks, such as kidney-derived extracellular matrix and gelatin-fibrin hydrogels, which show the potential to partially replicate in vivo-like microenvironments, have been largely investigated for bioprinting. As the field progresses, technological, biological and biomaterial developments will be required to yield fully functional in vitro tissues that can contribute to a better understanding of renal disease, to improve predictability in vitro of novel therapeutics, and to facilitate the development of alternative regenerative or replacement treatments. In this review, we resume the main advances on kidney in vitro models reported so far.
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29
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Ebefors K, Lassén E, Anandakrishnan N, Azeloglu EU, Daehn IS. Modeling the Glomerular Filtration Barrier and Intercellular Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689083. [PMID: 34149462 PMCID: PMC8206562 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glomerulus is a compact cluster of capillaries responsible for blood filtration and initiating urine production in the renal nephrons. A trilaminar structure in the capillary wall forms the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), composed of glycocalyx-enriched and fenestrated endothelial cells adhering to the glomerular basement membrane and specialized visceral epithelial cells, podocytes, forming the outermost layer with a molecular slit diaphragm between their interdigitating foot processes. The unique dynamic and selective nature of blood filtration to produce urine requires the functionality of each of the GFB components, and hence, mimicking the glomerular filter in vitro has been challenging, though critical for various research applications and drug screening. Research efforts in the past few years have transformed our understanding of the structure and multifaceted roles of the cells and their intricate crosstalk in development and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we present a new wave of technologies that include glomerulus-on-a-chip, three-dimensional microfluidic models, and organoids all promising to improve our understanding of glomerular biology and to enable the development of GFB-targeted therapies. Here, we also outline the challenges and the opportunities of these emerging biomimetic systems that aim to recapitulate the complex glomerular filter, and the evolving perspectives on the sophisticated repertoire of cellular signaling that comprise the glomerular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Lassén
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nanditha Anandakrishnan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ilse S Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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El-Badri N, Elkhenany H. Toward the nanoengineering of mature, well-patterned and vascularized organoids. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1255-1258. [PMID: 33988046 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science & Technology, 6th October city, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science & Technology, 6th October city, Giza, 12578, Egypt.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
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31
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Karagöz Z, Geuens T, LaPointe VLS, van Griensven M, Carlier A. Win, Lose, or Tie: Mathematical Modeling of Ligand Competition at the Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interface. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:657244. [PMID: 33996781 PMCID: PMC8117103 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.657244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin transmembrane proteins conduct mechanotransduction at the cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interface. This process is central to cellular homeostasis and therefore is particularly important when designing instructive biomaterials and organoid culture systems. Previous studies suggest that fine-tuning the ECM composition and mechanical properties can improve organoid development. Toward the bigger goal of fully functional organoid development, we hypothesize that resolving the dynamics of ECM–integrin interactions will be highly instructive. To this end, we developed a mathematical model that enabled us to simulate three main interactions, namely integrin activation, ligand binding, and integrin clustering. Different from previously published computational models, we account for the binding of more than one type of ligand to the integrin. This competition between ligands defines the fate of the system. We have demonstrated that an increase in the initial concentration of ligands does not ensure an increase in the steady state concentration of ligand-bound integrins. The ligand with higher binding rate occupies more integrins at the steady state than does the competing ligand. With cell type specific, quantitative input on integrin-ligand binding rates, this model can be used to develop instructive cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Karagöz
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Geuens
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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32
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Human reconstructed kidney models. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:133-147. [PMID: 33594607 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human kidney, which consists of up to 2 million nephrons, is critical for blood filtration, electrolyte balance, pH regulation, and fluid balance in the body. Animal experiments, particularly mice and rats, combined with advances in genetically modified technology have been the primary mechanism to study kidney injury in recent years. Mouse or rat kidneys, however, differ substantially from human kidneys at the anatomical, histological, and molecular levels. These differences combined with increased regulatory hurdles and shifting attitudes towards animal testing by non-specialists have led scientists to develop new and more relevant models of kidney injury. Although in vitro tissue culture studies are a valuable tool to study kidney injury and have yielded a great deal of insight, they are not a perfect model. Perhaps, the biggest limitation of tissue culture is that it cannot replicate the complex architecture, consisting of multiple cell types, of the kidney, and the interplay between these cells. Recent studies have found that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which are capable of differentiation into any cell type, can be used to generate kidney organoids. Organoids recapitulate the multicellular relationships and microenvironments of complex organs like kidney. Kidney organoids have been used to successfully model nephrotoxin-induced tubular and glomerular disease as well as complex diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), which involves multiple cell types. In combination with genetic engineering techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, genetic diseases of the kidney can be reproduced in organoids. Thus, organoid models have the potential to predict drug toxicity and enhance drug discovery for human disease more accurately than animal models.
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33
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Sakalem ME, De Sibio MT, da Costa FADS, de Oliveira M. Historical evolution of spheroids and organoids, and possibilities of use in life sciences and medicine. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000463. [PMID: 33491924 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An impressive percentage of biomedical advances were achieved through animal research and cell culture investigations. For drug testing and disease researches, both animal models and preclinical trials with cell cultures are extremely important, but present some limitations, such as ethical concern and inability of representing complex tissues and organs. 3D cell cultures arise providing a more realistic in vitro representation of tissues and organs. Environment and cell type in 3D cultures can represent in vivo conditions and thus provide accurate data on cell-to-cell interactions, and cultivation techniques are based on a scaffold, usually hydrogel or another polymeric material, or without scaffold, such as suspended microplates, magnetic levitation, and microplates for spheroids with ultra-low fixation coating. PURPOSE AND SCOPE This review aims at presenting an updated summary of the most common 3D cell culture models available, as well as a historical background of their establishment and possible applications. SUMMARY Even though 3D culturing is incapable of replacing other current research types, they will continue to substitute some unnecessary animal experimentation, as well as complement monolayer cultures. CONCLUSION In this aspect, 3D culture emerges as a valuable alternative to the investigation of functional, biochemical, and molecular aspects of human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School of the Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Felipe Allan da Silva da Costa
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences of the Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School of the Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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34
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Meijer EM, van Dijk CGM, Kramann R, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Implementation of Pericytes in Vascular Regeneration Strategies. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:1-21. [PMID: 33231500 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the survival and integration of complex large-sized tissue-engineered (TE) organ constructs that exceed the maximal nutrients and oxygen diffusion distance required for cell survival, graft (pre)vascularization to ensure medium or blood supply is crucial. To achieve this, the morphology and functionality of the microcapillary bed should be mimicked by incorporating vascular cell populations, including endothelium and mural cells. Pericytes play a crucial role in microvascular function, blood vessel stability, angiogenesis, and blood pressure regulation. In addition, tissue-specific pericytes are important in maintaining specific functions in different organs, including vitamin A storage in the liver, renin production in the kidneys and maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier. Together with their multipotential differentiation capacity, this makes pericytes the preferred cell type for application in TE grafts. The use of a tissue-specific pericyte cell population that matches the TE organ may benefit organ function. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature for graft (pre)-vascularization strategies and highlight the possible advantages of using tissue-specific pericytes for specific TE organ grafts. Impact statement The use of a tissue-specific pericyte cell population that matches the tissue-engineered (TE) organ may benefit organ function. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature for graft (pre)vascularization strategies and highlight the possible advantages of using tissue-specific pericytes for specific TE organ grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Meijer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Rooney KM, Woolf AS, Kimber SJ. Towards Modelling Genetic Kidney Diseases with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Nephron Clin Pract 2021; 145:285-296. [PMID: 33774632 DOI: 10.1159/000514018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney disease causes major suffering and premature mortality worldwide. With no cure for kidney failure currently available, and with limited options for treatment, there is an urgent need to develop effective pharmaceutical interventions to slow or prevent kidney disease progression. SUMMARY In this review, we consider the feasibility of using human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney tissues, or organoids, to model genetic kidney disease. Notable successes have been made in modelling genetic tubular diseases (e.g., cystinosis), polycystic kidney disease, and medullary cystic kidney disease. Organoid models have also been used to test novel therapies that ameliorate aberrant cell biology. Some progress has been made in modelling congenital glomerular disease, even though glomeruli within organoids are developmentally immature. Less progress has been made in modelling structural kidney malformations, perhaps because sufficiently mature metanephric mesenchyme-derived nephrons, ureteric bud-derived branching collecting ducts, and a prominent stromal cell population are not generated together within a single protocol. Key Messages: We predict that the field will advance significantly if organoids can be generated with a full complement of cell lineages and with kidney components displaying key physiological functions, such as glomerular filtration. The future economic upscaling of reproducible organoid generation will facilitate more widespread research applications, including the potential therapeutic application of these stem cell-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Rooney
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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36
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Ryan H, Simmons CS. Potential Applications of Microfluidics to Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Viral Infection. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:305-311. [PMID: 32904757 PMCID: PMC7457440 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are susceptible to adverse effects from many diseases, including several that are not tissue-specific. Acute kidney injury is a common complication of systemic diseases such as diabetes, lupus, and certain infections including the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Microfluidic devices are an attractive option for disease modeling, offering the opportunity to utilize human cells, control experimental and environmental conditions, and combine with other on-chip devices. For researchers with expertise in microfluidics, this brief perspective highlights potential applications of such devices to studying SARS-CoV-2-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Ryan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Chelsey S. Simmons
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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