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Marin C, Ruiz Moreno FN, Sánchez Vallecillo MF, Pascual MM, Dho ND, Allemandi DA, Palma SD, Pistoresi-Palencia MC, Crespo MI, Gomez CG, Morón G, Maletto BA. Improved biodistribution and enhanced immune response of subunit vaccine using a nanostructure formed by self-assembly of ascorbyl palmitate. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 58:102749. [PMID: 38719107 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
New adjuvant strategies are needed to improve protein-based subunit vaccine immunogenicity. We examined the potential to use nanostructure of 6-O-ascorbyl palmitate to formulate ovalbumin (OVA) protein and an oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) (OCC). In mice immunized with a single dose, OCC elicited an OVA-specific immune response superior to OVA/CpG-ODN solution (OC). Rheological studies demonstrated OCC's self-assembling viscoelastic properties. Biodistribution studies indicated that OCC prolonged OVA and CpG-ODN retention at injection site and lymph nodes, reducing systemic spread. Flow-cytometry assays demonstrated that OCC promoted OVA and CpG-ODN co-uptake by Ly6ChiCD11bhiCD11c+ monocytes. OCC and OC induced early IFN-γ in lymph nodes, but OCC led to higher concentration. Conversely, mice immunized with OC showed higher serum IFN-γ concentration compared to those immunized with OCC. In mice immunized with OCC, NK1.1+ cells were the IFN-γ major producers, and IFN-γ was essential for OVA-specific IgG2c switching. These findings illustrate how this nanostructure improves vaccine's response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Marin
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico N Ruiz Moreno
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María F Sánchez Vallecillo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María M Pascual
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas D Dho
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Allemandi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas; CONICET, UNITEFA, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago D Palma
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas; CONICET, UNITEFA, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Pistoresi-Palencia
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María I Crespo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cesar G Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, IPQA, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morón
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys A Maletto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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Mietzner R, Barbey C, Lehr H, Ziegler CE, Peterhoff D, Wagner R, Goepferich A, Breunig M. Prolonged delivery of HIV-1 vaccine nanoparticles from hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124131. [PMID: 38643811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Immunization is a straightforward concept but remains for some pathogens like HIV-1 a challenge. Thus, new approaches towards increasing the efficacy of vaccines are required to turn the tide. There is increasing evidence that antigen exposure over several days to weeks induces a much stronger and more sustained immune response compared to traditional bolus injection, which usually leads to antigen elimination from the body within a couple of days. Therefore, we developed a poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogel platform to investigate the principal feasibility of a sustained release of antigens to mimic natural infection kinetics. Eight-and four-armed PEG macromonomers of different MWs (10, 20, and 40 kDa) were end-group functionalized to allow for hydrogel formation via covalent cross-linking. An HIV-1 envelope (Env) antigen in its trimeric (Envtri) or monomeric (Envmono) form was applied. The soluble Env antigen was compared to a formulation of Env attached to silica nanoparticles (Env-SiNPs). The latter are known to have a higher immunogenicity compared to their soluble counterparts. Hydrogels were tunable regarding the rheological behavior allowing for different degradation times and release timeframes of Env-SiNPs over two to up to 50 days. Affinity measurements of the VCR01 antibody which specifically recognizes the CD4 binding site of Env, revealed that neither the integrity nor the functionality of Envmono-SiNPs (Kd = 2.1 ± 0.9 nM) and Envtri-SiNPs (Kd = 1.5 ± 1.3 nM), respectively, were impaired after release from the hydrogel (Kd before release: 2.1 ± 0.1 and 7.8 ± 5.3 nM, respectively). Finally, soluble Env and Env-SiNPs which are two physico-chemically distinct compounds, were co-delivered and shown to be sequentially released from one hydrogel which could be beneficial in terms of heterologous immunization or single dose vaccination. In summary, this study presents a tunable, versatile applicable, and effective delivery platform that could improve vaccination effectiveness also for other infectious diseases than HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Mietzner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Clara Barbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heike Lehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian E Ziegler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Alvarez CA, Hall RG, Lin S, Perkins AR, Mortensen EM. Compliance with recommended pneumococcal vaccination schedule in patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective cohort study in the Veterans Affairs population. Vaccine 2024; 42:489-495. [PMID: 38177030 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a leading cause of death. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are at risk of IPD due to immunosuppressant medications. Up until 2022, two pneumococcal vaccines, the 13-valent Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), were recommended. Despite the recommendation change to give a single 20-valent PCV vaccine (PCV20), some still require multiple vaccinations. There is a need to identify barriers to vaccine uptake. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the on-time vaccination rates for PCV13 and PPSV23 in treated RA patients between 2010 and 2018 using national Veterans Affairs data. Patients > 18 years of age diagnosed with RA and newly initiated on RA treatment were included. Pneumococcal vaccine compliance was assessed by measuring on-time receipt of PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccinations. We identified factors using multivariate logistic regression and described the occurrence of these factors using descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 39,243 patients were included in the study. Most patients were white (75.8 %), male (85.4 %), on methotrexate therapy (41.4 %). The average age was 62.3 years. The proportion of patients considered vaccine compliant is 43.9 %. The primary independent risk factors for vaccine non-compliance were black/African American race (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.26, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.19-1.34) or missing/unknown race (OR 1.45, 95 % CI 1.31-1.61), missing/unknown ethnicity (OR 1.21, 1.02-1.43), never married (OR 1.10, 95 % CI 1.02-1.19) or widowed (OR 1.23, 95 % CI 1.12-1.34), diagnosed with congestive heart failure (OR 1.10, 95 % CI 1.00-1.22), or dementia (OR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.16-1.91). The proportion of patients who were non-compliant in patients who were vaccine naïve was 32.1 % and the non-compliance rate for non-naïve patients was 65.3 %. CONCLUSIONS Providers should identify barriers to pneumococcal vaccination in RA patients to improve compliance. Efforts to increase vaccination should be tailored to specific high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Alvarez
- Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Center of Excellence in Real World Evidence, Dallas, TX, United States; VA North Texas Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Ronald G Hall
- Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Center of Excellence in Real World Evidence, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Suzy Lin
- Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Aaron R Perkins
- Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Center of Excellence in Real World Evidence, Dallas, TX, United States; VA North Texas Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eric M Mortensen
- VA North Texas Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, United States; UCONN School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
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Malley R, Lu YJ, Sebastian S, Zhang F, Willer DO. Multiple antigen presenting system (MAPS): state of the art and potential applications. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:196-204. [PMID: 38174559 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2299384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Technological innovations have been instrumental in advancing vaccine design and protective benefit. Improvements in the safety, tolerability, and efficacy/effectiveness profiles have profoundly reduced vaccine-preventable global disease morbidity and mortality. Here we present an original vaccine platform, the Multiple Antigen Presenting System (MAPS), that relies on high-affinity interactions between a biotinylated polysaccharide (PS) and rhizavidin-fused pathogen-specific proteins. MAPS allows for flexible combinations of various PS and protein components. AREAS COVERED This narrative review summarizes the underlying principles of MAPS and describes its applications for vaccine design against bacterial and viral pathogens in non-clinical and clinical settings. EXPERT OPINION The utilization of high-affinity non-covalent biotin-rhizavidin interactions in MAPS allows for combining multiple PS and disease-specific protein antigens in a single vaccine. The modular design enables a simplified exchange of vaccine components. Published studies indicate that MAPS technology may support enhanced immunogenic breadth (covering more serotypes, inducing B- and T-cell responses) beyond that which may be elicited via PS- or protein-based conjugate vaccines. Importantly, a more detailed characterization of MAPS-based candidate vaccines is warranted, especially in clinical studies. It is anticipated that MAPS-based vaccines could be adapted and leveraged across numerous diseases of global public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Malley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Jie Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David O Willer
- GSK, Global Medical Affairs, Vaccines Research and Development, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Esrafili A, Kupfer J, Thumsi A, Jaggarapu MMCS, Suresh AP, Talitckii A, Khodaei T, Swaminathan SJ, Mantri S, Peet MM, Acharya AP. Exponentially decreasing exposure of antigen generates anti-inflammatory T-cell responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.558014. [PMID: 37745575 PMCID: PMC10516048 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.558014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by auto-immune reaction towards self-antigen such as collagen type II. In this study, we investigated the impact of exponentially decreasing levels of antigen exposure on pro-inflammatory T cell responses in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Using a controlled delivery experimental approach, we manipulated the collagen type II (CII) antigen concentration presented to the immune system. We observed that exponentially decreasing levels of antigen generated reduced pro-inflammatory T cell responses in secondary lymphoid organs in mice suffering from RA. Specifically, untreated mice exhibited robust pro-inflammatory T cell activation and increased paw inflammation, whereas, mice exposed to exponentially decreasing concentrations of CII demonstrated significantly reduced pro-inflammatory T cell responses, exhibited lower levels of paw inflammation, and decreased arthritis scores in right rear paw. The data also demonstrate that the decreasing antigen levels promoted the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing excessive inflammatory responses. Our findings highlight the importance of antigen concentration in modulating pro-inflammatory T cell responses in the CIA model. These results provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic strategies that target antigen presentation to regulate immune responses and mitigate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the antigen concentration-dependent modulation of T cell responses and to explore the translational potential of this approach for the development of novel therapeutic interventions in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Esrafili
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Joshua Kupfer
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Abhirami Thumsi
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | | | - Abhirami P. Suresh
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Aleksandr Talitckii
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Taravat Khodaei
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | | | - Shivani Mantri
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Matthew M Peet
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Biodesign Center for Biomaterials Innovation and Translation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
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Nyawanda BO, Opere VA, Nyiro JU, Vodicka E, Fleming JA, Baral R, Khan S, Pecenka C, Ayugi JO, Atito R, Ougo J, Bigogo G, Emukule GO, Otieno NA, Munywoki PK. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease and Prevention Products: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preferences of Kenyan Healthcare Workers in Two Counties in 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1055. [PMID: 37376444 PMCID: PMC10302044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) among infants under 6 months of age. Yet, in Kenya, little is known about healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions around RSV disease and the prevention products under development. Between September and October 2021, we conducted a mixed methods cross-sectional survey to assess HCWs' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of RSV disease and RSV vaccinations in two counties. We enrolled HCWs delivering services directly at maternal and child health (MCH) departments in selected health facilities (frontline HCWs) and health management officers (HMOs). Of the 106 respondents, 94 (88.7%) were frontline HCWs, while 12 were HMOs. Two of the HMOs were members of the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (KENITAG). Of the 104 non-KENITAG HCWs, only 41 (39.4%) had heard about RSV disease, and 38/41 (92.7%) felt that pregnant women should be vaccinated against RSV. Most participants would recommend a single-dose vaccine schedule (n = 62, 58.5%) for maximal adherence and compliance (n = 38/62, 61.3%), single dose/device vaccines (n = 50/86, 58.1%) to prevent wastage and contamination, and maternal vaccination through antenatal care clinics (n = 53, 50%). We found the need for increased knowledge about RSV disease and prevention among Kenyan HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan O. Nyawanda
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya
| | - Victor A. Opere
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya
| | - Joyce U. Nyiro
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi P.O. Box 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Elisabeth Vodicka
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health—PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jessica A. Fleming
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health—PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Ranju Baral
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health—PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Sadaf Khan
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health—PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Clint Pecenka
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health—PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jorim O. Ayugi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya
| | - Raphael Atito
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya
| | - James Ougo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya
| | - Godfrey Bigogo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya
| | - Gideon O. Emukule
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi P.O. Box 606-00621, Kenya
| | - Nancy A. Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya
| | - Patrick K. Munywoki
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi P.O. Box 606-00621, Kenya
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Peletta A, Lemoine C, Courant T, Collin N, Borchard G. Meeting vaccine formulation challenges in an emergency setting: Towards the development of accessible vaccines. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106699. [PMID: 36796463 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered one of the most successful strategies to prevent infectious diseases. In the event of a pandemic or epidemic, the rapid development and distribution of the vaccine to the population is essential to reduce mortality, morbidity and transmission. As seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the production and distribution of vaccines has been challenging, in particular for resource-constrained settings, essentially slowing down the process of achieving global coverage. Pricing, storage, transportation and delivery requirements of several vaccines developed in high-income countries resulted in limited access for low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). The capacity to manufacture vaccines locally would greatly improve global vaccine access. In particular, for the development of classical subunit vaccines, the access to vaccine adjuvants is a pre-requisite for more equitable access to vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants are agents required to augment or potentiate, and possibly target the specific immune response to such type of vaccine antigens. Openly accessible or locally produced vaccine adjuvants may allow for faster immunization of the global population. For local research and development of adjuvanted vaccines to expand, knowledge on vaccine formulation is of paramount importance. In this review, we aim to discuss the optimal characteristics of a vaccine developed in an emergency setting by focusing on the importance of vaccine formulation, appropriate use of adjuvants and how this may help overcome barriers for vaccine development and production in LMICs, achieve improved vaccine regimens, delivery and storage requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Peletta
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Lemoine
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Courant
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Rue du Champ-Blanchod 4, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Austin LA, Smith JS, Nahas DD, Danzinger A, Secore S, O'Donnell G, Radcliffe S, Hu S, Perley J, Bett AJ, Gindy ME. Split-Dose Administration Enhances Immune Responses Elicited by a mRNA/Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine Expressing Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Protein. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:279-289. [PMID: 36251490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have recently received significant attention due to their role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As a platform, mRNA vaccines have been shown to elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses with acceptable safety profiles for prophylactic use. Despite their potential, industrial challenges have limited realization of the vaccine platform on a global scale. Critical among these challenges are supply chain considerations, including mRNA production, cost of goods, and vaccine frozen-chain distribution. Here, we assess the delivery of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA/LNP) vaccines using a split-dose immunization regimen as an approach to develop mRNA dose-sparing vaccine regimens with potential to mitigate mRNA supply chain challenges. Our data demonstrate that immunization by a mRNA/LNP vaccine encoding respiratory syncytial virus pre-F (RSV pre-F) over a 9 day period elicits comparable or superior magnitude of antibodies when compared to traditional bolus immunization of the vaccine. The split-dose immunization regimens evaluated in our studies were designed to mimic reported drug or antigen release profiles from microneedle patches, highlighting the potential benefit of pairing mRNA vaccines with patch-based delivery technologies to enable sustained release and solid-state stabilization. Overall, our findings provide a proof of concept to support further investigations into the development of sustained delivery approaches for mRNA/LNP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Austin
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Smith
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
| | - Debbie D Nahas
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
| | | | - Susan Secore
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
| | | | - Scott Radcliffe
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
| | - Shuai Hu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
| | - Jeffrey Perley
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
| | - Andrew J Bett
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
| | - Marian E Gindy
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07033-1310, United States
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Yin Y, Gu Y, Zai X, Li R, Zhu X, Yu R, Zhang J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Lin J, Xu J, Chen W. A novel built-in adjuvant metallothionein-3 aids protein antigens to induce rapid, robust, and durable immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024437. [PMID: 36426348 PMCID: PMC9680554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are crucial components of vaccines that can enhance and modulate antigen-specific immune responses. Herein, we reported for the first time that human metallothionein-3 (MT3), a low molecular weight cysteine-rich metal-binding protein, was a novel promising adjuvant candidate that could help protein antigens to induce rapid, effective, and durable antigen-specific immune responses. In the present study, MT3 was fused to outer membrane protein 19 (Omp19) of Brucella abortus (MT3-Omp19, MO) and C fragment heavy chain (Hc) of tetanus neurotoxin (MT3-Hc, MH), respectively. The results showed that MT3 as a built-in adjuvant increased the Omp19- or Hc-specific antibody responses by 100-1000 folds in seven days after primary immunization. Compared to other commercially available adjuvants, MT3 could stimulate earlier (4 days after primary injection) and stronger (10-100 folds) antibody response with lower antigen dose, and its adjuvanticity relied on fusion to antigen. Although the mechanism was not clear yet, the fusion protein MO was observed to directly activate DCs, promote germinal center formation and improve the speed of Ig class switching. Interestingly, our subsequent study found that other members of the mammalian MT family (human MT1 or murine MT3 for examples) also had potential adjuvant effects, but their effects were lower than human MT3. Overall, this study explored a new function of human MT3 as a novel built-in adjuvant, which may have important clinical application potential in vaccine development against global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Gu
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zai
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Zhu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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10
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Efficient antigen delivery by dendritic cell-targeting peptide via nucleolin confers superior vaccine effects in mice. iScience 2022; 25:105324. [PMID: 36304121 PMCID: PMC9593262 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient delivery of subunit vaccines to dendritic cells (DCs) is necessary to improve vaccine efficacy, because the vaccine antigen alone cannot induce sufficient protective immunity. Here, we identified DC-targeting peptides using a phage display system and demonstrated the potential of these peptides as antigen-delivery carriers to improve subunit vaccine effectiveness in mice. The fusion of antigen proteins and peptides with DC-targeting peptides induced strong antigen-specific IgG responses, even in the absence of adjuvants. In addition, the DC-targeting peptide improved the distribution of antigens to DCs and antigen presentation by DCs. The combined use of an adjuvant with a DC-targeting peptide improved the effectiveness of the vaccine. Furthermore, nucleolin, located on the DC surface, was identified as the receptor for DC-targeting peptide, and nucleolin was indispensable for the vaccine effect of the DC-targeting peptide. Overall, the findings of this study could be useful for developing subunit vaccines against infectious diseases. We successfully identified an efficient DC-targeting peptide using a phage display system Fusion of the peptide improves the efficacy of vaccine even in the absence of adjuvants The peptide improves the distribution of antigens to DCs and antigen presentation by DCs Nucleolin is indispensable for the vaccine effect of the DC-targeting peptide
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11
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Wang H, Cui L, Luo Y, Zhou X, Liu R, Chen Q, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Construction of single-injection vaccine using new time-controlled release system. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212812. [PMID: 35929251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-injection vaccines may overcome issues, such as high cost and poor patient compliance, of the multi-bolus regimes dominantly used in vaccination. However no such vaccine has been commercialized because time-controlled release, an unconventional release kinetics, is difficult to achieve. Here a new time-controlled release system using dynamic layer-by-layer (LBL) film as erodible coating was used to design single-injection vaccine. Unlike commonly used degradable polymers, dynamic LBL film disintegrates at a constant rate, thus allowing distinct pulsatile release of antigen at predetermined intervals. The release pattern of the single-injection vaccine mimics closely to that of ordinary multi-dose regimes. It elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses which are comparable to or even stronger than the corresponding multi-dose regime. In addition, it inhibits tumor growth more effectively. The new vaccine will not only improve patient compliance but also therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Luo
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qianbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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12
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Hassan J, Haigh C, Ahmed T, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1066. [PMID: 35631652 PMCID: PMC9144974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Hassan
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Charlotte Haigh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
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13
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Sonzogni A, Cabrera G, Lupi G, Gugliotta L, Gonzalez V, Marcipar I, Minari R. Film Forming Nanogels for Needle-free Transdermal Vaccination. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100515. [PMID: 35388617 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) provides a valuable alternative approach to conventional vaccination because of the high accessibility and the exceptional immunological characteristics of the skin, but its application is limited by the low permeability of the stratum corneum. Although nanogels (NGs) have proven to enhance skin penetration of macromolecules with minimum damage, their use in TCI remains almost unexplored. In this context, this article evaluates the performance of novel film forming NGs (FF-NGs) as TCI. This TCI platform consists of NGs with multilobular morphology that positively combines the properties of crosslinked poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), like thermoresponsiveness and the ability to load and release a cargo, with the film forming capacity of low Tg lobes. FF-NGs and formed films were characterized at different levels. Formed films show to be able to uniformly load an antigenic protein and release it with a profile depending on the temperature and on their FF-NGs content. In-vivo studies have demonstrated that FF-NGs promote the penetration of not only an antigenic protein but also an adjuvant until the immunocompetent area of skin, generating an adjuvant-dependent specific immune response. Finally, this study provides a successful proof of concept that FF-NGs could be a powerful tool for transcutaneous release of complex formulations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sonzogni
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lupi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luis Gugliotta
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ingeniería Química (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica Gonzalez
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Roque Minari
- Group of Polymers and Polymerization Reactors, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ingeniería Química (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Santa Fe, Argentina
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14
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Abisoye-Ogunniyan A, Carrano IM, Weilhammer DR, Gilmore SF, Fischer NO, Pal S, de la Maza LM, Coleman MA, Rasley A. A Survey of Preclinical Studies Evaluating Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines Against Non-Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768461. [PMID: 34899322 PMCID: PMC8662999 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A worldwide estimate of over one million STIs are acquired daily and there is a desperate need for effective preventive as well as therapeutic measures to curtail this global health burden. Vaccines have been the most effective means for the control and potential eradication of infectious diseases; however, the development of vaccines against STIs has been a daunting task requiring extensive research for the development of safe and efficacious formulations. Nanoparticle-based vaccines represent a promising platform as they offer benefits such as targeted antigen presentation and delivery, co-localized antigen-adjuvant combinations for enhanced immunogenicity, and can be designed to be biologically inert. Here we discuss promising types of nanoparticles along with outcomes from nanoparticle-based vaccine preclinical studies against non-viral STIs including chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, and recommendations for future nanoparticle-based vaccines against STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abisola Abisoye-Ogunniyan
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Isabella M Carrano
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Dina R Weilhammer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Sean F Gilmore
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas O Fischer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Sukumar Pal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Luis M de la Maza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Matthew A Coleman
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Amy Rasley
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
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15
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Choudhury SM, Ma X, Dang W, Li Y, Zheng H. Recent Development of Ruminant Vaccine Against Viral Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:697194. [PMID: 34805327 PMCID: PMC8595237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.697194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens of viral origin produce a large variety of infectious diseases in livestock. It is essential to establish the best practices in animal care and an efficient way to stop and prevent infectious diseases that impact animal husbandry. So far, the greatest way to combat the disease is to adopt a vaccine policy. In the fight against infectious diseases, vaccines are very popular. Vaccination's fundamental concept is to utilize particular antigens, either endogenous or exogenous to induce immunity against the antigens or cells. In light of how past emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and pandemics were handled, examining the vaccination methods and technological platforms utilized for the animals may provide some useful insights. New vaccine manufacturing methods have evolved because of developments in technology and medicine and our broad knowledge of immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, and biochemistry, among other basic science disciplines. Genetic engineering, proteomics, and other advanced technologies have aided in implementing novel vaccine theories, resulting in the discovery of new ruminant vaccines and the improvement of existing ones. Subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, and vectored vaccines are increasingly gaining scientific and public attention as the next generation of vaccines and are being seen as viable replacements to conventional vaccines. The current review looks at the effects and implications of recent ruminant vaccine advances in terms of evolving microbiology, immunology, and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Mohiuddin Choudhury
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - XuSheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - YuanYuan Li
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - HaiXue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Vaccine-Associated Disease Enhancement (VADE): Considerations in Postvaccination COVID-19. Case Rep Med 2021; 2021:9673453. [PMID: 34745267 PMCID: PMC8570879 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9673453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a new phase with the roll-out of several vaccines worldwide at an accelerated phase. The occurrence of a more severe presentation of COVID-19 after vaccination may affect policymakers' decision-making and vaccine uptake by the public. Vaccine-associated disease enhancement (VADE) is the modified presentation of infections in individuals after having received a prior vaccination. Currently, little is known about the potential of vaccine-associated disease enhancement (VADE) following COVID-19 immunization. Case Illustration. We herewith report two patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia with a history of CoronaVac vaccination. The first patient with a relatively milder course of the disease had received two doses of CoronaVac, whereas the second patient with a more progressive course of the disease received only one dose before developing symptoms and being admitted to the hospital. Our observations suggest that vaccination could act in boosting the inflammatory process and reveal the previously asymptomatic COVID-19 illness. Theoretically, vaccines could induce VADE, where only suboptimal, nonprotective titers of neutralizing antibodies were produced or proinflammatory T-helper type 2 response was induced. Secondly, enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) could manifest, where pulmonary symptoms are more severe due to peribronchial monocytic and eosinophilic infiltration. Understanding VADE is important for the decision-making by the public, clinicians, and policymakers and is warranted for successful vaccination uptake. Conclusion We report two cases of patients developing COVID-19 shortly after CoronaVac vaccination in which VADE is likely. We recommend that current vaccination strategies consider the measurement of neutralizing antibody titer as a guide in ensuring the safest strategy for mass immunization. Studies are needed to investigate the true incidence of VADE on vaccinated individuals as well as on how to differentiate between VADE and severe manifestations of COVID-19 that are unrelated to vaccination.
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17
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Lab techniques for a more sustainable world. Biotechniques 2021; 71:501-504. [PMID: 34587814 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainability is an incredibly important topic for people to consider at the moment. Find out how your lab can make changes to reach a more sustainable future in our latest Tech News.
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18
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Chatzikleanthous D, O'Hagan DT, Adamo R. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Delivery of Vaccine Adjuvants and Antigens: Toward Multicomponent Vaccines. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2867-2888. [PMID: 34264684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the many advances that have occurred in the field of vaccine adjuvants, there are still unmet needs that may enable the development of vaccines suitable for more challenging pathogens (e.g., HIV and tuberculosis) and for cancer vaccines. Liposomes have already been shown to be highly effective as adjuvant/delivery systems due to their versatility and likely will find further uses in this space. The broad potential of lipid-based delivery systems is highlighted by the recent approval of COVID-19 vaccines comprising lipid nanoparticles with encapsulated mRNA. This review provides an overview of the different approaches that can be evaluated for the design of lipid-based vaccine adjuvant/delivery systems for protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid-based antigens and how these strategies might be combined to develop multicomponent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despo Chatzikleanthous
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, U.K.,GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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19
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Luzuriaga MA, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Herbert FC, Wijesundara YH, Gassensmith JJ. Biomaterials and nanomaterials for sustained release vaccine delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1735. [PMID: 34180608 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the most significant medical advancements in human history, as they have prevented hundreds of millions of deaths since their discovery; however, modern travel permits disease spread at unprecedented rates, and vaccine shortcomings like thermal sensitivity and required booster shots have been made evident by the COVID-19 pandemic. Approaches to overcoming these issues appear promising via the integration of vaccine technology with biomaterials, which offer sustained-release properties and preserve proteins, prevent conformational changes, and enable storage at room temperature. Sustained release and thermal stabilization of therapeutic biomacromolecules is an emerging area that integrates material science, chemistry, immunology, nanotechnology, and pathology to investigate different biocompatible materials. Biomaterials, including natural sugar polymers, synthetic polyesters produced from biologically derived monomers, hydrogel blends, protein-polymer blends, and metal-organic frameworks, have emerged as early players in the field. This overview will focus on significant advances of sustained release biomaterial in the context of vaccines against infectious disease and the progress made towards thermally stable "single-shot" formulations. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Luzuriaga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
| | - Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardon, Texas, USA
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20
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Berndt R, Albrecht M, Rusch R. Strategies to Overcome the Barrier of Ischemic Microenvironment in Cell Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052312. [PMID: 33669136 PMCID: PMC7956787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of various immune cell types are promising approaches for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Major limitation of these so-called Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) is the ischemic microenvironment affecting cell homeostasis and limiting the demanded effect of the transplanted cell products. Accordingly, different clinical and experimental strategies have been evolved to overcome these obstacles. Here, we give a short review of the different experimental and clinical strategies to solve these issues due to ischemic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Berndt
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Vascular Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0431)-500-22033; Fax: +49-(0431)-500-22024
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - René Rusch
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Vascular Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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21
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Looking beyond COVID-19 vaccine phase 3 trials. Nat Med 2021; 27:205-211. [PMID: 33469205 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
After the recent announcement of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in clinical trials by several manufacturers for protection against severe disease, a comprehensive post-efficacy strategy for the next steps to ensure vaccination of the global population is now required. These considerations should include how to manufacture billions of doses of high-quality vaccines, support for vaccine purchase, coordination of supply, the equitable distribution of vaccines and the logistics of global vaccine delivery, all of which are a prelude to a massive vaccination campaign targeting people of all ages. Furthermore, additional scientific questions about the vaccines remain that should be answered to improve vaccine efficacy, including questions regarding the optimization of vaccination regimens, booster doses, the correlates of protection, vaccine effectiveness, safety and enhanced surveillance. The timely and coordinated execution of these post-efficacy tasks will bring the pandemic to an effective, and efficient, close.
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