1
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Ying J, Tan Y, Lu Z. Cobalt-catalyzed hydrothiolation of alkynes for the diverse synthesis of branched alkenyl sulfides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8057. [PMID: 39277596 PMCID: PMC11401953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkenyl sulfides have gained increasing prominence in medicinal chemistry and materials. Hydrothiolation of alkynes for the diverse synthesis of alkenyl sulfides is an appealing method. Herein, we report a cobalt-catalyzed Markovnikov hydromethylthiolation of alkynes to afford branched alkenyl methylsulfanes with good yields and high regioselectivity. This method also enables the diverse synthesis of branched alkenyl sulfides. The reaction shows good functional group tolerance and could be scaled up. The mechanistic studies including control experiments, deuterium-labeling experiments, and Hammett plot indicated alkynes insertion followed by electrophilic thiolation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ying
- Center of chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Tan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Center of chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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2
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Yang Z, Liu J, Xie L. Stabilized Carbon-Centered Radical-Mediated Carbosulfenylation of Styrenes: Modular Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Glycine and Peptide Derivatives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402428. [PMID: 38852190 PMCID: PMC11304285 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing amino acids and peptides play critical roles in organisms. Thiol-ene reactions between the thiol residues of L-cysteine and the alkenyl fragments in the designed coupling partners serve as primary tools for constructing C─S bonds in the synthesis of unnatural sulfur-containing amino acid derivatives. These reactions are favored due to the preference for hydrogen transfer from thiol to β-sulfanyl carbon radical intermediates. In this paper, the study proposes utilizing carbon-centered radicals stabilized by the capto-dative effect, generated under photocatalytic conditions from N-aryl glycine derivatives. The aim is to compete with the thiol hydrogen, enabling radical C─C bond formation with β-sulfanyl carbon radicals. This protocol is robust in the presence of air and water, offers significant potential as a modular and efficient platform for synthesizing sulfur-containing amino acids and modifying peptides, particularly with abundant disulfides and styrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional MaterialsJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power BatteriesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Jia Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional MaterialsJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power BatteriesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Lan‐Gui Xie
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional MaterialsJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power BatteriesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
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3
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Liu T, Li T, Tea ZY, Wang C, Shen T, Lei Z, Chen X, Zhang W, Wu J. Modular assembly of arenes, ethylene and heteroarenes for the synthesis of 1,2-arylheteroaryl ethanes. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01560-7. [PMID: 38937591 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The 1,2-arylheteroaryl ethane motif stands as a privileged scaffold with promising implications in drug discovery. Conventional de novo syntheses of these molecules have relied heavily on pre-functionalized synthons, entailing harsh conditions and multi-step processes. Here, to address these limitations, we present a modular approach for the direct synthesis of 1,2-arylheteroaryl ethanes using feedstock chemicals, including ethylene, arenes and heteroarenes. We disclosed a photo triplet-energy-transfer-initiated radical cascade process, leveraging homolytic cleavage of C-S bonds in aryl sulfonium salts as the key step to access aryl radicals with excellent regioselectivity. This method allows for rapid structural diversification of bioactive molecules, showcasing excellent functional group tolerance and streamlining the synthesis of bioactive compounds and their derivatives. Furthermore, our approach can be extended to propylene, non-gaseous terminal alkenes and various other electrophilic radical precursors, including heteroaryl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, trifluoromethyl radicals and α-carbonyl alkyl radicals. This study highlights the significance of radical polarity matching in designing selective multi-component couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Talin Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhi Yuan Tea
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianruo Shen
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhexuan Lei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research institute, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
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4
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McGhie L, Marotta A, Loftus PO, Seeberger PH, Funes-Ardoiz I, Molloy JJ. Photogeneration of α-Bimetalloid Radicals via Selective Activation of Multifunctional C1 Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15850-15859. [PMID: 38805091 PMCID: PMC11177267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven strategies that enable the chemoselective activation of a specific bond in multifunctional systems are comparatively underexplored in comparison to transition-metal-based technologies, yet desirable when considering the controlled exploration of chemical space. With the current drive to discover next-generation therapeutics, reaction design that enables the strategic incorporation of an sp3 carbon center, containing multiple synthetic handles for the subsequent exploration of chemical space would be highly enabling. Here, we describe the photoactivation of ambiphilic C1 units to generate α-bimetalloid radicals using only a Lewis base and light source to directly activate the C-I bond. Interception of these transient radicals with various SOMOphiles enables the rapid synthesis of organic scaffolds containing synthetic handles (B, Si, and Ge) for subsequent orthogonal activation. In-depth theoretical and mechanistic studies reveal the prominent role of 2,6-lutidine in forming a photoactive charge transfer complex and in stabilizing in situ generated iodine radicals, as well as the influential role of the boron p-orbital in the activation/weakening of the C-I bond. This simple and efficient methodology enabled expedient access to functionalized 3D frameworks that can be further derivatized using available technologies for C-B and C-Si bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McGhie
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marotta
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Loftus
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación Química de
la Universidad de La Rioja (IQUR), Universidad
de La Rioja Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, Spain
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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5
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Hussain WA, Parasram M. Recent Advances in Photoinduced Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2024; 56:1775-1786. [PMID: 39144683 PMCID: PMC11323056 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative cleavage of alkenes leading to valuable carbonyl derivatives is a fundamental transformation in synthetic chemistry. In particular, ozonolysis is the mainstream method for the oxidative cleavage of alkenes that has been widely implemented in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. However, due to the toxicity and explosive nature of ozone, alternative approaches employing transition metals and enzymes in the presence of oxygen and/or strong oxidants have been developed. These protocols are often conducted under harsh reaction conditions that limit the substrate scope. Photochemical approaches can provide milder and more practical alternatives for this synthetically useful transformation. In this review, we outline recent visible-light-promoted oxidative cleavage reactions that involve photocatalytic activation of oxygen via electron transfer and energy transfer. Also, an emerging field featuring visible-light-promoted oxidative cleavage under anaerobic conditions is discussed. The methods highlighted in this review represent a transformative step toward more sustainable and efficient strategies for the oxidative cleavage of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem A Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 29 Washington Pl, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Marvin Parasram
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 29 Washington Pl, New York, New York 10003, USA
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6
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Shan JR, Yan H, Hao EJ, Shi L. Titanium catalyzed [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes with 1,3-dienes for efficient synthesis of stilbene bioisosteres. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4374. [PMID: 38782978 PMCID: PMC11116475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural stilbenes have shown significant potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Here we present a mild and effective Ti-catalyzed intermolecular radical-relay [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes and 1,3-dienes. This transformation enables the synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (BCH) scaffolds containing aryl vinyl groups with excellent regio- and trans-selectivity and broad functional group tolerance, thus offering rapid access to structurally diverse stilbene bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Ran Shan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Huaipu Yan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Er-Jun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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7
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Schlosser L, Rana D, Pflüger P, Katzenburg F, Glorius F. EnTdecker - A Machine Learning-Based Platform for Guiding Substrate Discovery in Energy Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13266-13275. [PMID: 38695558 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Due to the magnitude of chemical space, the discovery of novel substrates in energy transfer (EnT) catalysis remains a daunting task. Experimental and computational strategies to identify compounds that successfully undergo EnT-mediated reactions are limited by their time and cost efficiency. To accelerate the discovery process in EnT catalysis, we herein present the EnTdecker platform, which facilitates the large-scale virtual screening of potential substrates using machine-learning (ML) based predictions of their excited state properties. To achieve this, a data set is created containing more than 34,000 molecules aiming to cover a vast fraction of synthetically relevant compound space for EnT catalysis. Using this data predictive models are trained, and their aptitude for an in-lab application is demonstrated by rediscovering successful substrates from literature as well as experimental validation through luminescence-based screening. By reducing the computational effort needed to obtain excited state properties, the EnTdecker platform represents a tool to efficiently guide substrate selection and increase the experimental success rate for EnT catalysis. Moreover, through an easy-to-use web application, EnTdecker is made publicly accessible under entdecker.uni-muenster.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Schlosser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Debanjan Rana
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Pflüger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Katzenburg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Haensch VG, Hertweck C. Photosensitizers Enable the Formation of Biphenyls with UV-LEDs and Sunlight. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400605. [PMID: 38421111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The regioselective synthesis of biphenyls, which are economically important pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and liquid crystals, is a challenging task. Current methods rely on metal-dependent cross-coupling reactions, which unfortunately require the use of harmful halogenated aryls and heavy metal catalysts that are toxic and difficult to remove from the final products. Recently, we have circumvented these problems by developing a metal-free and broadly applicable photochemical method for biphenyl synthesis using UV-C light, called photosplicing. Here we present an improved method using photosensitizers in combination with UV-B, UV-A light, or sunlight. Using a high-precision flow reactor with deep-UV LEDs, we investigated the ability of commonly available organic photosensitizers to enhance the photosplicing reaction and identified a number of suitable photosensitizers with the required triplet energy. This method allows for easy batch synthesis of biaryls in borosilicate glassware and paves the way for their large-scale production without the need for flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit G Haensch
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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9
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Meeus EJ, Laan PCM, Ham R, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. Gas Evolution as a Tool to Study Reaction Kinetics Under Biomimetic Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400516. [PMID: 38348814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The field of bioorthogonal chemistry is rapidly growing, presenting successful applications of organic and transition metal-catalysed reactions in cells and living systems (in vivo). The development of such reactions typically proceeds through many iterative steps focused on biocompatibility and fast reaction kinetics to ensure product formation. However, obtaining kinetic data, even under simulated biological (biomimetic) conditions, remains a challenge due to substantial concentrations of salts and biomolecules hampering the use of typically employed solution-phase analytical techniques. In this study, we explored the suitability of gas evolution as a probe to study kinetics under biomimetic conditions. As proof of concept, we show that the progress of two transition metal-catalysed bioorthogonal chemical reactions can be accurately monitored, regardless of the complexity of the medium. As such, we introduce a protocol to gain more insight into the performance of a catalytic system under biomimetic conditions to further progress iterative catalyst development for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Meeus
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus C M Laan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Ham
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis (HomKat) group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Duan Y, Guo Z, Zheng T, Lu Y, Xu J, Liu J, Yang F. Iodine-Promoted Reductive Sulfenylation Using Ketones as Hydride Donors. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5851-5856. [PMID: 38587835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, an iodine-promoted reductive sulfenylation reaction of ketones with disulfides has been developed. This method provides an approach for synthesizing unsymmetrical alkyl-alkyl and alkyl-aryl sulfides in a single step. Investigation of the reaction mechanism revealed that ketones play a dual role in this process. They react with disulfides to produce vinyl thioethers and act as effective organic hydride donors, reducing the number of vinyl thioethers that are formed in situ. This study expands the range of applications of ketones in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Duan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Tiandong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Fulai Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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11
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Käfer S, Niemeyer N, Tölle J, Neugebauer J. Triplet Excitation-Energy Transfer Couplings from Subsystem Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2475-2490. [PMID: 38450637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We present an implementation of triplet excitation-energy transfer (TEET) couplings based on subsystem-based time-dependent density-functional theory (sTDDFT). TEET couplings are systematically investigated by comparing "exact" and approximate variants of sTDDFT. We demonstrate that, while sTDDFT utilizing explicit approximate non-additive kinetic energy (NAKE) density functionals is well-suited for describing singlet EET processes, it is inadequate for characterizing TEET. However, we show that projection-based embedding (PbE)-based sTDDFT addresses the challenges faced by NAKE-sTDDFT and emerges as a promising method for accurately describing electronic couplings in TEET processes. We also introduce the mixed PbE-/NAKE-embedding procedure to investigate the TEET effects in solvated pairs of chromophores. This approach offers a good balance between accuracy and efficiency, enabling comprehensive studies of TEET processes in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Käfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Johannes Tölle
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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12
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Das K, Pedada A, Singha T, Hari DP. Strain-enabled radical spirocyclization cascades: rapid access to spirocyclobutyl lactones and - lactams. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3182-3191. [PMID: 38425517 PMCID: PMC10901517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclobutane derivatives have gained significant attention in drug discovery programs due to their broad spectrum of biological activities and clinical applications. Ring-strain in organic molecules is a powerful tool to promote reactivity by releasing strain energy, allowing the construction of complex molecules selectively and efficiently. Herein, we report the first strain-enabled radical spirocyclization cascades for the synthesis of functionalized spirocyclobutyl lactones and - lactams, which are finding increasing applications in medicinal chemistry. The reaction of interelement compounds with bicyclobutane (BCB) allyl esters and - amides proceeds with high chemoselectivity under simple, catalyst-free conditions using blue light irradiation. The reaction has been successfully extended to synthesize bis-spirocycles. To introduce a more diverse set of functional groups, we have developed a dual photoredox/nickel catalytic system capable of mediating the carbosulfonylation of BCB allyl amides. The reaction shows broad applicability across various (hetero)aryl halides, aryl sulfinates, and BCB allyl amides, operates under mild conditions and demonstrates excellent functional group compatibility. The functional groups introduced during the cascade reactions served as versatile handles for further synthetic elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Abhilash Pedada
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Tushar Singha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India 560012
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13
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Yan H, Wang FD, Wang M, Ye L, Li P. Photoinduced Radical Cyclization of 2-Alkynylthioanisoles with Disulfides without an External Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15288-15297. [PMID: 37872481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the synthesis of 3-arylthiobenzo[b]thiophenes via a photodriven radical cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles with disulfide was developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly under visible-light irradiation without any external photocatalyst and generated the desired products in high yields with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Dou Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ye
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
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14
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Khandelia T, Ghosh S, Panigrahi P, Mandal R, Boruah D, Patel BK. Photo-induced 1,2-thiohydroxylation of maleimide involving disulfide and singlet oxygen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11196-11199. [PMID: 37650219 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-driven di-functionalization of maleimide with disulfide and in situ-generated singlet oxygen offers selective 1,2-thiohydroxylation under additive-free conditions. Here the disulfide plays the dual role of photosensitizer and the coupling reagent. Notably, the hydroxyl functionality originates from the in situ generated singlet oxygen followed by HAT from H2O (moisture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Khandelia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Pritishree Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Raju Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Deepjyoti Boruah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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16
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Hojo R, Bergmann K, Elgadi SA, Mayder DM, Emmanuel MA, Oderinde MS, Hudson ZM. Imidazophenothiazine-Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Ultra-Long-Lived Excited States for Energy Transfer Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18366-18381. [PMID: 37556344 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet energy transfer (EnT) is a powerful activation pathway in photocatalysis that unlocks new organic transformations and improves the sustainability of organic synthesis. Many current examples, however, still rely on platinum-group metal complexes as photosensitizers, with associated high costs and environmental impacts. Photosensitizers that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are attractive fully organic alternatives in EnT photocatalysis. However, TADF photocatalysts incorporating heavy atoms remain rare, despite their utility in inducing efficient spin-orbit-coupling, intersystem-crossing, and consequently a high triplet population. Here, we describe the synthesis of imidazo-phenothiazine (IPTZ), a sulfur-containing heterocycle with a locked planar structure and a shallow LUMO level. This acceptor is used to prepare seven TADF-active photocatalysts with triplet energies up to 63.9 kcal mol-1. We show that sulfur incorporation improves spin-orbit coupling and increases triplet lifetimes up to 3.64 ms, while also allowing for tuning of photophysical properties via oxidation at the sulfur atom. These IPTZ materials are applied as photocatalysts in five seminal EnT reactions: [2 + 2] cycloaddition, the disulfide-ene reaction, and Ni-mediated C-O and C-N cross-coupling to afford etherification, esterification, and amination products, outcompeting the industry-standard TADF photocatalyst 2CzPN in four of the five studied scenarios. Detailed photophysical and theoretical studies are used to understand structure-activity relationships and to demonstrate the key role of the heavy atom effect in the design of TADF materials with superior photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Hojo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katrina Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Seja A Elgadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Megan A Emmanuel
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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17
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Wang H, Shao H, Das A, Dutta S, Chan HT, Daniliuc C, Houk KN, Glorius F. Dearomative ring expansion of thiophenes by bicyclobutane insertion. Science 2023; 381:75-81. [PMID: 37410837 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal ring enlargement is gaining renewed interest in synthetic chemistry and has recently focused on insertion of one or two atoms. Strategies for heterocyclic expansion through small-ring insertion remain elusive, although they would lead to the efficient formation of bicyclic products. Here, we report a photoinduced dearomative ring enlargement of thiophenes by insertion of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes to produce eight-membered bicyclic rings under mild conditions. The synthetic value, broad functional-group compatibility, and excellent chemo- and regioselectivity were demonstrated by scope evaluation and product derivatization. Experimental and computational studies point toward a photoredox-induced radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ankita Das
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hok Tsun Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany
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18
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Wu Q, Wu S, Zou J, Wang Q, Mou C, Zheng P, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Access to Thiochromene Derivatives: Control of Reaction Pathways via Slow Release of Thiols from Disulfides. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37200161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Substrates containing disulfide bonds, which are more stable and less smelling, could be used as thiophenol precursors in organic synthesis. Herein, an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed reaction between α-bromoenals and 2,2'-dithiodibenzaldehydes was developed. Through the sustained release strategy, the side reaction can be effectively inhibited, and the chiral thiochromene derivatives can be obtained with good yields and high optical purities. Application studies showed encouraging results when the desired products were explored for antimicrobial utilities in pesticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- Center for Industrial Catalysis & Cleaning Process Development, School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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19
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Gao C, Zeng J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhan ZP. A Photosensitizer for N-O Bond Activation: 2,7-Br-4CzIPN-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Alkenes with Oxime Esters. Org Lett 2023; 25:3146-3151. [PMID: 37083314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
We developed 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(2,7-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile (2,7-Br-4CzIPN) as a new photosensitizer for the energy-transfer-driven N-O bond dissociation of oxime esters. In the presence of 2,7-Br-4CzIPN, difunctionalization of alkenes with oxime esters, including oxyimination, aminocarboxylation, and amidylimination, could afford a variety of versatile molecules in good yields with excellent regioselectivity, which widely occur in natural products and drugs. Our theoretical investigations and experiments have demonstrated that 2,7-Br-4CzIPN has unique photophysical properties, favorable triplet energy, and excellent photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
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20
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Tang H, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Luo P, Ravelli D, Wu J. Direct Synthesis of Thioesters from Feedstock Chemicals and Elemental Sulfur. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5846-5854. [PMID: 36854068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of a mild, atom- and step-economical catalytic strategy that effectively generates value-added molecules directly from readily available commodity chemicals is a central goal of organic synthesis. In this context, the thiol-ene click chemistry for carbon-sulfur (C-S) bond construction has found widespread applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and functional materials. In contrast, the selective carbonyl thiyl radical addition to carbon-carbon multiple bonds remains underdeveloped. Herein, we report a carbonyl thiyl radical-based thioester synthesis through three-component coupling from feedstock aldehydes, alkenes, or alkynes and elemental sulfur by direct photocatalyzed hydrogen atom transfer. This method represents an orthogonal strategy to the conventional thiol-based nucleophilic substitution and exhibits a remarkably broad substrate scope ranging from simple commodity chemicals such as ethylene and acetylene to complex pharmaceutical molecules. This protocol can be easily extended to the synthesis of thiolactones, oligomer/polymers, and thioacids. Its synthetic utility has been demonstrated by a two-step synthesis of the drug esonarimod. Mechanistic studies indicate that the use of elemental sulfur to trap acyl radicals is both thermodynamically and kinetically favored, illustrating its great potential for the synthesis of sulfur-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Muliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Penghao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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Dharpure PD, Behera M, Thube AS, Bhat RG. Base Dependent Rearrangement of Dithiane and Dithiolane under Visible-light Photoredox catalysis. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201128. [PMID: 36630181 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rearrangement of dithiolanes and dithianes to access disulfide-linked-dithioesters under visible-light photoredox catalysis via controlled C-S bond cleavage has been disclosed. Unlike, the usual deprotection of dithioacetals to corresponding aldehydes under the oxidative conditions, we observed unique regioselective oxidative reactivity of five and six membered cyclic dithioacetals to form disulfide-linked-dithioesters by exchanging DMAP and imidazole bases. The generality of the protocol has been demonstrated by exploring a wide range of substrates. As an application, in situ generated thiyl radical has been trapped with disulfides to prepare hetero-disulfides of potential utility. The protocol proved to be practical on gram scale quantity and relied on clean energy source for the transformation. Based on the series of control experiments, cyclic voltammetry and Stern-Volmer studies the plausible mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D Dharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mousumi Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana S Thube
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramakrishna G Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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23
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Sullivan CM, Nienhaus L. Generating spin-triplet states at the bulk perovskite/organic interface for photon upconversion. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:998-1013. [PMID: 36594272 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion (UC) holds potential for practical applications of solid-state UC ranging from photovoltaics to sensing and imaging technologies. As the triplet sensitizer, the underlying perovskite properties heavily influence the generation of spin-triplet states once interfaced with the organic annihilator molecule, typically polyacene derivatives. Presently, most reported perovskite TTA-UC systems have utilized rubrene doped with ∼1% dibenzotetraphenylperiflanthene (RubDBP) as the annihilator/emitter species. However, practical applications require a larger apparent anti-Stokes than is currently achievable with this system due to the inherent 0.4 eV energy loss during triplet generation. In this minireview, we present the current understanding of the triplet sensitization process at the perovskite/organic semiconductor interface and introduce additional promising annihilators based on anthracene derivatives into the discussion of future directions in perovskite-sensitized TTA-UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette M Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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24
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Wan C, Hou Z, Yang D, Zhou Z, Xu H, Wang Y, Dai C, Liang M, Meng J, Chen J, Yin F, Wang R, Li Z. The thiol-sulfoxonium ylide photo-click reaction for bioconjugation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:604-612. [PMID: 36741507 PMCID: PMC9847666 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible-light-mediated methods were heavily studied as a useful tool for cysteine-selective bio-conjugation; however, many current methods suffer from bio-incompatible reaction conditions and slow kinetics. To address these challenges, herein, we report a transition metal-free thiol-sulfoxonium ylide photo-click reaction that enables bioconjugation under bio-compatible conditions. The reaction is highly cysteine-selective and generally finished within minutes with naturally occurring riboflavin derivatives as organic photocatalysts. The catalysts and substrates are readily accessible and bench stable and have satisfactory water solubility. As a proof-of-concept study, the reaction was smoothly applied in chemo-proteomic analysis, which provides efficient tools to explore the druggable content of the human proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510225 P. R. China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Shenzhen 518116 P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yuena Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Chuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Mingchan Liang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
| | - Jun Meng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Shenzhen 518116 P. R. China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
| | - Feng Yin
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
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25
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Dherange BD, Yuan M, Kelly CB, Reiher CA, Grosanu C, Berger KJ, Gutierrez O, Levin MD. Direct Deaminative Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17-24. [PMID: 36548788 PMCID: PMC10245626 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective functional group interconversions in complex molecular settings underpin many of the challenges facing modern organic synthesis. Currently, a privileged subset of functional groups dominates this landscape, while others, despite their abundance, are sorely underdeveloped. Amines epitomize this dichotomy; they are abundant but otherwise intransigent toward direct interconversion. Here, we report an approach that enables the direct conversion of amines to bromides, chlorides, iodides, phosphates, thioethers, and alcohols, the heart of which is a deaminative carbon-centered radical formation process using an anomeric amide reagent. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrate that successful deaminative functionalization relies not only on outcompeting the H-atom transfer to the incipient radical but also on the generation of polarity-matched, productive chain-carrying radicals that continue to react efficiently. The overall implications of this technology for interconverting amine libraries were evaluated via high-throughput parallel synthesis and applied in the development of one-pot diversification protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christopher A Reiher
- Parallel Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Cristina Grosanu
- High Throughput Purification, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kathleen J Berger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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26
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Hao Y, Song K, Tan X, Ren L, Guo X, Zhou C, Li H, Wen J, Meng Y, Lin M, Zhang Y, Huang H, Wang L, Zheng W. Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Polypeptide Drug Delivery System Targeted Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells to Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20739-20757. [PMID: 36454190 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a chronic liver disease that lacks effective pharmacotherapeutic treatments. As part of the disease's mechanism, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are activated by damage-related stimuli to secrete excessive extracellular matrix, leading to collagen deposition. Currently, the drug delivery system that targets HSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis remains an urgent challenge due to the poor controllability of drug release. Since the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases sharply in activated HSCs (aHSCs), we designed ROS-responsive micelles for the HSC-specific delivery of a traditional Chinese medicine, resveratrol (RES), for treatment of liver fibrosis. The micelles were prepared by the ROS-responsive amphiphilic block copolymer poly(l-methionine-block-Nε-trifluoro-acetyl-l-lysine) (PMK) and a PEG shell modified with a CRGD peptide insertion. The CRGD-targeted and ROS-responsive micelles (CRGD-PMK-MCs) could target aHSCs and control the release of RES under conditions of high intracellular ROS in aHSCs. The CRGD-PMK-MCs treatment specifically enhanced the targeted delivery of RES to aHSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments show that CRGD-PMK-MCs could significantly promote ROS consumption, reduce collagen accumulation, and avert activation of aHSCs. In vivo results demonstrate that CRGD-PMK-MCs could alleviate inflammatory infiltration, prevent fibrosis, and protect hepatocytes from damage in fibrotic mice. In conclusion, CRGD-PMK-MCs show great potential for targeted and ROS-responsive controlled drug release in the aHSCs of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kaichao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaochuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ling Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chuchu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Ya Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingbao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongdong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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27
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Lee J, Yu E, Park CM. Catalyst-free electrosynthesis of benzothiophenes from 2-alkenylaryl disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7499-7502. [PMID: 36106773 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of benzothiophenes through electrosynthesis under oxidant- and metal-free conditions has been discovered. Electrolysis of symmetrical 2-alkenylaryl disulfides using an undivided cell leads to the formation of the corresponding benzothiophenes in good to moderate yields with good functional group tolerance. The usefulness of this methodology was further investigated with a scale-up experiment, which delivered a similar result to that of the small scale reaction. Several mechanistic investigations including DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Eunsoo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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28
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Slocumb HS, Nie S, Dong VM, Yang XH. Enantioselective Selenol-ene Using Rh-Hydride Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18246-18250. [PMID: 36162123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study showcases the first enantioselective hydroselenation of styrenes. Organoselenium building blocks are accessed with selectivity for the branched isomer. Through a Rh-hydride pathway, C-Se bonds can be forged with excellent regio- and enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Slocumb
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shaozhen Nie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vy M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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29
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Liang Y, Jiao H, Zhang H, Wang YQ, Zhao X. Chiral Chalcogenide-Catalyzed Enantioselective Electrophilic Hydrothiolation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7210-7215. [PMID: 36154012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the construction of chiral sulfides by catalytic enantioselective hydrothiolation of alkenes via an electrophilic pathway has been developed. Using this strategy, cyclic and acyclic unactivated alkenes efficiently afforded various chiral products in the presence of electrophilic sulfur reagents and silanes through chiral chalcogenide catalysis. The obtained products were easily transformed into other types of valuable chiral sulfur-containing compounds. Mechanistic studies revealed that the superior construction of chiral thiiranium ion intermediate is the key to achieving such a transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Liang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Jiao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - You-Qing Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
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30
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Strauch C, Schroeder S, Grelier G, Niggemann M. Homolytic N-S Bond Cleavage in Vinyl Triflimides Enabled by Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201830. [PMID: 35793203 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl triflimides are a new compound class with unknown reactivity. A computational analysis identified homolytic cleavage of the N-Tf bond induced by triplet-triplet energy transfer (EnT) as a highly interesting reaction type that might be accessible. A combination of experimental and mechanistic work verified this hypothesis and proved the generated radicals to be amenable to radical-radical coupling. Thereby, vinyl triflimides were transformed into a range of α-quaternary, β-trifluoromethylated amines in a 1,2-difunctionalization reaction with no need for external CF3 reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Strauch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schroeder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gwendal Grelier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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31
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Beletskaya IP, Ananikov VP. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–S, C–Se, and C–Te Bond Formations via Cross-Coupling and Atom-Economic Addition Reactions. Achievements and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16110-16293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina P. Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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32
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Liu J, Hao T, Qian L, Shi M, Wei Y. Construction of Benzocyclobutenes Enabled by Visible‐Light‐Induced Triplet Biradical Atom Transfer of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204515. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Tonggang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ling Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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33
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Thiol-Yne click chemistry of acetylene-enabled macrocyclization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5001. [PMID: 36008444 PMCID: PMC9411599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocycles have fascinated scientists for over half a century due to their aesthetically appealing structures and broad utilities in chemical, material, and biological research. However, the efficient preparation of macrocycles remains an ongoing research challenge in organic synthesis because of the high entropic penalty involved in the ring-closing process. Herein we report a photocatalyzed thiol-yne click reaction to forge diverse sulfur-containing macrocycles (up to 35-membered ring) and linear C2-linked 1,2-(S-S/S-P/S-N) functionalized molecules, starting from the simplest alkyne, acetylene. Preliminary mechanistic experiments support a visible light-mediated radical-polar crossover dihydrothiolation process. This operationally straightforward reaction is also amenable to the synthesis of organometallic complexes, bis-sulfoxide ligand and a pleuromutilin antibiotic drug Tiamulin, which provides a practical route to synthesize highly valued compounds from the feedstock acetylene gas. Thiol–yne coupling is a reliable method to link two molecular units, but has not been extensively explored for the construction of macrocycles. Here, the authors use gaseous acetylene, the simplest alkyne unit, to synthesize a variety of macrocycles under photocatalytic conditions.
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34
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Tan G, Das M, Keum H, Bellotti P, Daniliuc C, Glorius F. Photochemical single-step synthesis of β-amino acid derivatives from alkenes and (hetero)arenes. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1174-1184. [PMID: 35915332 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
β-Amino acids are frequently found as important components in numerous biologically active molecules, drugs and natural products. In particular, they are broadly utilized in the construction of bioactive peptides and peptidomimetics, thanks to their increased metabolic stability. Despite the number of methodologies established for the preparation of β-amino acid derivatives, the majority of these methods require metal-mediated multistep manipulations of prefunctionalized substrates. Here we disclose a metal-free, energy-transfer enabled highly regioselective intermolecular aminocarboxylation reaction for the single-step installation of both amine and ester functionalities into alkenes or (hetero)arenes. A bifunctional oxime oxalate ester was developed to simultaneously generate C-centred ester and N-centred iminyl radicals. This mild method features a remarkably broad substrate scope (up to 140 examples) and excellent tolerance of sensitive functional groups, and substrates that range from the simplest ethylene to complex (hetero)arenes can participate in the reaction, thus offering a general and practical access to β-amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyeyun Keum
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany.
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35
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Renyard A, Gries R, Cooper SL, Gooding CE, Breen JC, Alamsetti SK, Munoz A, Gries G. Floral and Bird Excreta Semiochemicals Attract Western Carpenter Ants. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.923871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ant colonies have vast and diverse nutritional needs but forager ants have limited mobility to meet these needs. Forager ants would accrue significant energy savings if they were able to sense and orient toward odor plumes of both carbohydrate and protein food sources. Moreover, if worker ants, like other flightless insects, had reduced olfactory acuity, they would not recognize the specific odor signatures of diverse carbohydrate and protein sources, but they may be able to orient toward those odorants that are shared between (macronutrient) food sources. Using the Western carpenter ant, Camponotus modoc, as a model species, we tested the hypotheses that (1) food sources rich in carbohydrates (aphid honeydew, floral nectar) and rich in proteins (bird excreta, house mouse carrion, cow liver infested or not with fly maggots) all prompt long-distance, anemotactic attraction of worker ants, and (2) attraction of ants to plant inflorescences (fireweed, Chamaenerion angustifolium; thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus; and hardhack, Spiraea douglasii) is mediated by shared floral odorants. In moving-air Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, ants were attracted to two of four carbohydrate sources (thimbleberry and fireweed), and one of four protein sources (bird excreta). Headspace volatiles of these three attractive sources were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and synthetic odor blends of thimbleberry (7 components), fireweed (23 components), and bird excreta (38 components) were prepared. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, synthetic blends of thimbleberry and fireweed but not of bird excreta attracted ants, indicating that only the two floral blends contained all essential attractants. A blend of components shared between thimbleberry and fireweed was not attractive to ants. Our data support the conclusion that C. modoc worker ants can sense and orient toward both carbohydrate and protein food sources. As ants were selective in their responses to carbohydrate and protein resources, it seems that they can discern between specific food odor profiles and that they have good, rather than poor, olfactory acuity.
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36
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Zeng K, Han L, Chen Y. Endogenous Proteins Modulation in Live Cells with Small Molecules and Light. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200244. [PMID: 35822393 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The protein modulation by light illumination enables the biological role investigation in high spatiotemporal precision. Compared to genetic methods, the small molecules approach is uniquely suited for modulating endogenous proteins. The endogenous protein modulation in live cells with small molecules and light has recently advanced on three distinctive frontiers: i) the infrared-light-induced or localized decaging of small molecules by photolysis, ii) the visible-light-induced photocatalytic releasing of small molecules, and iii) the small-molecule-ligand-directed caging for photo-modulation of proteins. Together, these methods provide powerful chemical biology tool kits for spatiotemporal modulation of endogenous proteins with potential therapeutic applications. This Concept aims to inspire organic chemists and chemical biologists to delve into this burgeoning endogenous protein modulation field for new biological discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixing Zeng
- Shanghai Institute Of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, BNPC, CHINA
| | - Lili Han
- Shanghai Institute Of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, BNPC, CHINA
| | - Yiyun Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BNPC, 345 Lingling Road, 200032, Shanghai, CHINA
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37
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Liu J, Hao T, Qian L, Shi M, Wei Y. Construction of Benzocyclobutenes Enabled by Visible‐Light‐Induced Triplet Biradical Atom Transfer of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai CHINA
| | - Tonggang Hao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai CHINA
| | - Ling Qian
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering Shanghai CHINA
| | - Min Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai CHINA
| | - Yin Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry 345 Lingling Road 200032 Shanghai CHINA
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38
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Hung WC, Jhang CH, Weng SL, Chou CC, Chen CH, Lin JL, Fang JM. Revisiting Disulfide-Yne and Disulfide-Diazonium Reactions for Potential Direct Modification of Disulfide Bonds in Proteins. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9875-9886. [PMID: 35815579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To find their potential use in protein research, direct addition of a disulfide compound to alkyne (namely disulfide-yne reaction) and S-arylation with arenediazonium salt (namely disulfide-diazonium reaction) were investigated in aqueous or protic solutions. The reaction of dimethyl disulfide with 5-hexynol performed best under 300 nm irradiation in the presence of sodium acetate to afford 5,6-bis(methylthio)-5-hexenol in 60% yield. Without the prior reduction of a disulfide bond to thiols, the disulfide-yne reactions have the advantage of 100% atom economy. Disulfide-diazonium reaction was triggered by sodium formate and accelerated by photoirradiation with a 450 nm LED lamp (5 W). The reaction of 3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane with 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene-1-diazonium tetrafluoroborate (8b) afforded 2-(benzofuran-3-yl)-1,3-dithiepane-5,6-diol (13), confirming that both S substituents originate from the same disulfide molecule. The trastuzumab antibody was incubated with diazonium 8b, followed by α-lytic protease digestion, LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and Mascot search, to verify that the proximal C229 and C232 residues on the same heavy chain were reconnected with a (benzofuranyl)methine moiety that originated from 8b, unlike the expected disulfide rebridging across two heavy chains. Nonetheless, disulfide-diazonium reactions still have potential for rebridging disulfide bonds if appropriate proteins and diazonium agents are chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Jhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Lin Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chun Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chein-Hung Chen
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 225, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Lee Lin
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 225, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 225, Taiwan
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39
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Park C, Lee S. One‐pot
sulfa‐Michael
addition reactions of disulfides using a pyridine‐borane complex under blue light irradiation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry DGIST Daegu South Korea
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry DGIST Daegu South Korea
- Center for Basic Science DGIST Daegu South Korea
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40
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Wan C, Yang D, Qin X, Xue Z, Guo X, Hou Z, Jiang C, Yin F, Wang R, Li Z. Flavin catalyzed desulfurization of peptides and proteins in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4105-4109. [PMID: 35546316 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic method has been established for the chemo-selective desulfurization of cysteinyl peptides and proteins in aqueous media. The derivatives of biocatalytic cofactors, flavins, were found to be efficient photosensitizers in a thiyl-radical-mediated desulfurization of Cys. The reaction was conducted in an ultrafast manner with both polypeptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Dongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyi Xue
- College of chemistry & chemical engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Chenran Jiang
- Pingshan translational medicine center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Feng Yin
- Pingshan translational medicine center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan translational medicine center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China. .,Pingshan translational medicine center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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41
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Mechanistic insights into photochemical nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings enabled by energy transfer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2737. [PMID: 35585041 PMCID: PMC9117274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various methods that use a photocatalyst for electron transfer between an organic substrate and a transition metal catalyst have been established. While triplet sensitization of organic substrates via energy transfer from photocatalysts has been demonstrated, the sensitization of transition metal catalysts is still in its infancy. Here, we describe the selective alkylation of C(sp3)-H bonds via triplet sensitization of nickel catalytic intermediates with a thorough elucidation of its reaction mechanism. Exergonic Dexter energy transfer from an iridium photosensitizer promotes the nickel catalyst to the triplet state, thus enabling C-H functionalization via the release of bromine radical. Computational studies and transient absorption experiments support that the reaction proceeds via the formation of triplet states of the organometallic nickel catalyst by energy transfer.
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42
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Tan Z, Zhu S, Liu Y, Feng X. Photoinduced Chemo‐, Site‐ and Stereoselective α‐C(sp
3
)−H Functionalization of Sulfides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
- Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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43
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Transition metal-free photocatalytic reductive deuteration of ketone derivatives. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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44
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Tan Z, Zhu S, Liu Y, Feng X. Photoinduced Chemo-, Site- and Stereoselective α-C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization of Sulfides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203374. [PMID: 35445505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity of sulfur-containing molecules in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals has long attracted synthetic chemists to develop efficient strategies towards their synthesis. The strategy of direct α-C(sp3 )-H modification of sulfides provides a streamlining access to complex sulfur-containing molecules. Herein, we report a photoinduced chemo-, site- and stereoselective α-C(sp3 )-H functionalization of sulfides using isatins as the photoredox reagent and coupling partner catalyzed by a chiral gallium(III)-N,N'-dioxide complex. The reaction proceeds through a verified single-electron transfer (SET) mechanism with high efficiency, excellent functional group tolerance, as well as a broad substrate scope. Importantly, this cross-coupling protocol is highly selective for the direct late-stage functionalization of methionine-related peptides, regardless of the inherent structural similarity and complexity of diverse residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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45
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Hu WH, Ji M, Chen TT, Wang S, Tenjimbayashi M, Sekiguchi Y, Watanabe I, Sato C, Naito M. Light-Induced Topological Patterning toward 3D Shape-Reconfigurable Origami. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107078. [PMID: 35187814 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shape-reconfigurable materials are crucial in many engineering applications. However, because of their isotropic deformability, they often require complex molding equipment for shaping. A polymeric origami structure that follows predetermined deformed and non-deformed patterns at specific temperatures without molding is demonstrated. It is constructed with a heterogeneous (dynamic and static) network topology via light-induced programming. The corresponding spatio-selective thermal plasticity creates varied deformability within a single polymer. The kinematics of site-specific deformation allows guided origami deployment in response to external forces. Moreover, the self-locking origami can fix its geometry in specific states without pressurization. These features enable the development of shape-reconfigurable structures that undergo on-demand geometry changes without requiring bulky or heavy equipment. The concept enriches polymer origamis, and could be applied with other polymers having similar chemistries. Overall, it is a versatile material for artificial muscles, origami robotics, and non-volatile mechanical memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsun Hu
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ming Ji
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ta-Te Chen
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Siqian Wang
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tenjimbayashi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yu Sekiguchi
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ikumu Watanabe
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masanobu Naito
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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46
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Zubkov MO, Kosobokov MD, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Photocatalyzed Decarboxylative Thiolation of Carboxylic Acids Enabled by Fluorinated Disulfide. Org Lett 2022; 24:2354-2358. [PMID: 35297636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thiolation of carboxylic acids using a disulfide reagent having tetrafluoropyridinyl groups is described. The light-mediated process is performed using an acridine-type photocatalyst. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and heteroatom-substituted carboxylic acids can be thiolated, and the method can be applied to the late-stage modification of a range of naturally occurring compounds and drugs. The fluorinated pyridine fragment is believed to enable the C-S bond formation. The resulting sulfides were used as redox-active radical precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail D Kosobokov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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47
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Hu WH, Chen TT, Tamura R, Terayama K, Wang S, Watanabe I, Naito M. Topological alternation from structurally adaptable to mechanically stable crosslinked polymer. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:66-75. [PMID: 35125966 PMCID: PMC8812728 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.2025426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers with complicated but controllable shape-morphing behaviors are critically desirable in several engineering fields. Among the various shape-morphing materials, cross-linked polymers with exchangeable bonds in dynamic network topology can undergo on-demand geometric change via solid-state plasticity while maintaining the advantageous properties of cross-linked polymers. However, these dynamic polymers are susceptible to creep deformation that results in their dimensional instability, a highly undesirable drawback that limits their service longevity and applications. Inspired by the natural ice strategy, which realizes creep reduction using crystal structure transformation, we evaluate a dynamic cross-linked polymer with tunable creep behavior through topological alternation. This alternation mechanism uses the thermally triggered disulfide-ene reaction to convert the network topology - from dynamic to static - in a polymerized bulk material. Thus, such a dynamic polymer can exhibit topological rearrangement for thermal plasticity at 130°C to resemble typical dynamic cross-linked polymers. Following the topological alternation at 180°C, the formation of a static topology reduces creep deformation by more than 85% in the same polymer. Owing to temperature-dependent selectivity, our cross-linked polymer exhibits a shape-morphing ability while enhancing its creep resistance for dimensional stability and service longevity after sequentially topological alternation. Our design enriches the design of dynamic covalent polymers, which potentially expands their utility in fabricating geometrically sophisticated multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsun Hu
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ta-Te Chen
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamura
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Terayama
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Siqian Wang
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ikumu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Naito
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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48
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Paulisch TO, Mai LA, Strieth‐Kalthoff F, James MJ, Henkel C, Guldi DM, Glorius F. Dynamische kinetische Sensibilisierung von β‐Dicarbonyl‐verbindungen – Zugang zu mittelgroßen Ringen durch eine De‐Mayo‐artige Ringerweiterung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany O. Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lukas A. Mai
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Felix Strieth‐Kalthoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Michael J. James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Schmid L, Glaser F, Schaer R, Wenger OS. High Triplet Energy Iridium(III) Isocyanoborato Complex for Photochemical Upconversion, Photoredox and Energy Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:963-976. [PMID: 34985882 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes are often chosen as catalysts for challenging photoredox and triplet-triplet-energy-transfer (TTET) catalyzed reactions, and they are of interest for upconversion into the ultraviolet spectral range. However, the triplet energies of commonly employed Ir(III) photosensitizers are typically limited to values around 2.5-2.75 eV. Here, we report on a new Ir(III) luminophore, with an unusually high triplet energy near 3.0 eV owing to the modification of a previously reported Ir(III) complex with isocyanoborato ligands. Compared to a nonborylated cyanido precursor complex, the introduction of B(C6F5)3 units in the second coordination sphere results in substantially improved photophysical properties, in particular a high luminescence quantum yield (0.87) and a long excited-state lifetime (13.0 μs), in addition to the high triplet energy. These favorable properties (including good long-term photostability) facilitate exceptionally challenging organic triplet photoreactions and (sensitized) triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion to a fluorescent singlet excited state beyond 4 eV, unusually deep in the ultraviolet region. The new Ir(III) complex photocatalyzes a sigmatropic shift and [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions that are unattainable with common transition metal-based photosensitizers. In the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, it furthermore is applicable to demanding photoreductions, including dehalogenations, detosylations, and the degradation of a lignin model substrate. Our study demonstrates how rational ligand design of transition-metal complexes (including underexplored second coordination sphere effects) can be used to enhance their photophysical properties and thereby broaden their application potential in solar energy conversion and synthetic photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Schaer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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