1
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Wang B, Golubov J, Oswald EM, Poon P, Wei Q, Lett C, Shehadeh F, Kaczynski M, Felix LO, Mishra B, Mylona EK, Wipperman MF, Chio E, Hamon SC, Hooper AT, Somersan-Karakaya S, Musser BJ, Petro CD, Hamilton JD, Sleeman MA, Kalliolias GD, Mylonakis E, Skokos D. Potential immunomodulatory effects of CAS+IMD monoclonal antibody cocktail in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2024; 108:105334. [PMID: 39270622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive administration of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as CAS + IMD (Casirivimab + Imdevimab) antibody cocktail demonstrated beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were seronegative at baseline and outpatients. However, little is known about their impact on the host immunophenotypes. METHODS We conducted an immunoprofiling study in 46 patients from a single site of a multi-site trial of CAS + IMD in hospitalized patients. We collected longitudinal samples during October 2020 ∼ April 2021, prior to the emergence of the Delta and Omicron variants and the use of COVID-19 vaccines. All collected samples were analyzed without exclusion and post-hoc statistical analysis was performed. We examined the dynamic interplay of CAS + IMD with host immunity applying dimensional reduction approach on plasma proteomics and high dimensional flow cytometry data. FINDINGS Using an unbiased clustering method, we identified unique immunophenotypes associated with acute inflammation and disease resolution. Compared to placebo group, administration of CAS + IMD accelerated the transition from an acute inflammatory immunophenotype, to a less inflammatory or "resolving" immunophenotype, as characterized by reduced tissue injury, proinflammatory markers and restored lymphocyte/monocyte imbalance independent of baseline serostatus. Moreover, CAS + IMD did not impair the magnitude or the quality of host T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. INTERPRETATION Our results identified immunophenotypic changes indicative of a possible SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies-induced anti-inflammatory effect, without an evident impairment of cellular antiviral immunity, suggesting that further studies of Mabs effects on SAS-CoV-2 or other viral mediated inflammation are warranted. FUNDING Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc and federal funds from the Department of Health and Human Services; Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response; Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, under OT number: HHSO100201700020C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | | | - Erin M Oswald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Qiaozhi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Clarissa Lett
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Fadi Shehadeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Brown Alpert Medical School and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Kaczynski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Brown Alpert Medical School and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lewis Oscar Felix
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Brown Alpert Medical School and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Biswajit Mishra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Brown Alpert Medical School and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Evangelia K Mylona
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Brown Alpert Medical School and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Erica Chio
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Sara C Hamon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Andrea T Hooper
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | | | - Bret J Musser
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | | | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Brown Alpert Medical School and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA.
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2
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Greenway H, Wang J. Evaluation of High-Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates by Homogenous Time-Resolved FRET. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1598-1605. [PMID: 39291004 PMCID: PMC11403740 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies demands greater accessibility to scalable methods of evaluating antigen binding. Homogenous TR-FRET is ideal for preliminary screening but has not been reported to assay these interactions due to their high-affinity and complex solution-phase kinetics. Here we report the development of a competition assay to rank-order the relative affinities of these drugs for a common antigen. The assay is compatible with automation, requires no modification of the analytes, and measures affinities as low as single-digit picomolar. We further demonstrate applications to inform the development of antibody-drug conjugates. The assay may aid discovery and manufacturing of therapeutic antibodies as a low-cost, high-throughput alternative to existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmon Greenway
- The Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center
for
NextGen Therapeutics, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jin Wang
- The Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center
for
NextGen Therapeutics, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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3
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Wu K, Jiang H, Hicks DR, Liu C, Muratspahic E, Ramelot TA, Liu Y, McNally K, Gaur A, Coventry B, Chen W, Bera AK, Kang A, Gerben S, Lamb MYL, Murray A, Li X, Kennedy MA, Yang W, Schober G, Brierley SM, Gelb MH, Montelione GT, Derivery E, Baker D. Sequence-specific targeting of intrinsically disordered protein regions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.15.603480. [PMID: 39071356 PMCID: PMC11275711 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.15.603480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A general approach to design proteins that bind tightly and specifically to intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins and flexible peptides would have wide application in biological research, therapeutics, and diagnosis. However, the lack of defined structures and the high variability in sequence and conformational preferences has complicated such efforts. We sought to develop a method combining biophysical principles with deep learning to readily generate binders for any disordered sequence. Instead of assuming a fixed regular structure for the target, general recognition is achieved by threading the query sequence through diverse extended binding modes in hundreds of templates with varying pocket depths and spacings, followed by RFdiffusion refinement to optimize the binder-target fit. We tested the method by designing binders to 39 highly diverse unstructured targets. Experimental testing of ~36 designs per target yielded binders with affinities better than 100 nM in 34 cases, and in the pM range in four cases. The co-crystal structure of a designed binder in complex with dynorphin A is closely consistent with the design model. All by all binding experiments for 20 designs binding diverse targets show they are highly specific for the intended targets, with no crosstalk even for the closely related dynorphin A and dynorphin B. Our approach thus could provide a general solution to the intrinsically disordered protein and peptide recognition problem.
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4
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Wang LT, Idris AH, Kisalu NK, Crompton PD, Seder RA. Monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite proteins as an emerging tool for malaria prevention. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1530-1545. [PMID: 39198635 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Despite various public health strategies, malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites remains a major global health challenge that requires development of new interventions. Extended half-life human monoclonal antibodies targeting the P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein on sporozoites, the infective form of malaria parasites, prevent malaria in rodents and humans and have been advanced into clinical development. The protective epitopes on the circumsporozoite protein targeted by monoclonal antibodies have been defined. Cryogenic electron and multiphoton microscopy have enabled mechanistic structural and functional investigations of how antibodies bind to the circumsporozoite protein and neutralize sporozoites. Moreover, innovations in bioinformatics and antibody engineering have facilitated enhancement of antibody potency and durability. Here, we summarize the latest scientific advances in understanding how monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein prevent malaria and highlight existing clinical data and future plans for how this emerging intervention can be used alone or alongside existing antimalarial interventions to control malaria across at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Azza H Idris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Neville K Kisalu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- PATH's Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Tarasova O, Petrou A, Ivanov SM, Geronikaki A, Poroikov V. Viral Factors in Modulation of Host Immune Response: A Route to Novel Antiviral Agents and New Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9408. [PMID: 39273355 PMCID: PMC11395507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system counteracts viruses through a variety of complex mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive components. Viruses have an ability to evade different components of the immune system and affect them, leading to disruption. This review covers contemporary knowledge about the virus-induced complex interplay of molecular interactions, including regulation of transcription and translation in host cells resulting in the modulation of immune system functions. Thorough investigation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are involved in modulating of host immune response to viral infections can help to develop novel approaches for antiviral therapy. In this review, we consider new therapeutic approaches for antiviral treatment. Modern therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered in detail because HIV is a unique example of a virus that leads to host T lymphocyte deregulation and significant modulation of the host immune response. Furthermore, peculiarities of some promising novel agents for the treatment of various viral infections are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tarasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Niazi SK, Omarsdottir S. Lectin-Based Fluorescent Comparison of Glycan Profile-FDA Validation to Expedite Approval of Biosimilars. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9240. [PMID: 39273189 PMCID: PMC11395676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycan profile comparisons are one of the most tedious analytical exercises for establishing compliance with recombinant therapeutic protein batches. Based on its intensive research, the FDA has confirmed that lectin array binding with fluorescent monitoring is the fastest and most reliable method for profile comparisons. Using a database of over 150 biological products expressed in nine diverse mammalian cell systems, the FDA immobilized 74 lectins to study their binding using fluorescently labeled glycoproteins. The FDA identified nine distinct lectins from a custom-designed lectin microarray: rPhoSL, rOTH3, RCA120, rMan2, MAL_I, rPSL1a, PHAE, rMOA, and PHALs, which detect core fucose, terminal GlcNAc, terminal β-galactose, high mannose, α-2,3-linked sialic acids, α-2,6-linked sialic acids, bisecting GlcNAc, terminal α-galactose, and triantennary structures, respectively. This method can be used for screening and routine testing and to monitor batch-to-batch variability of therapeutic proteins, including establishing analytical similarity as a crucial part of biosimilar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz K Niazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sesselja Omarsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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7
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Choudhary MC, Deo R, Evering TH, Chew KW, Giganti MJ, Moser C, Ritz J, Regan J, Flynn JP, Crain CR, Wohl DA, Currier JS, Eron JJ, Margolis D, Zhu Q, Zhon L, Ya L, Greninger AL, Hughes MD, Smith D, Daar ES, Li JZ. Characterization of Treatment Resistance and Viral Kinetics in the Setting of Single-Active Versus Dual-Active Monoclonal Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:394-402. [PMID: 38716969 PMCID: PMC11326811 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a crucial antiviral strategy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is unclear whether combination mAbs offer a benefit over single-active mAb treatment. Amubarvimab and romlusevimab significantly reduced the risk of hospitalizations or death in the ACTIV-2/A5401 trial. Certain SARS-CoV-2 variants are intrinsically resistant against romlusevimab, leading to only single-active mAb therapy with amubarvimab in these variants. We evaluated virologic outcomes in individuals treated with single- versus dual-active mAbs. METHODS Participants were nonhospitalized adults at higher risk of clinical progression randomized to amubarvimab plus romlusevimab or placebo. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and targeted S-gene next-generation sequencing was performed on anterior nasal samples. We compared viral load kinetics and resistance emergence between individuals treated with effective single- versus dual-active mAbs depending on the infecting variant. RESULTS Study participants receiving single- or dual-active mAbs had similar demographics, baseline nasal viral load, symptom score, and symptom duration. Compared with single-active mAb treatment, treatment with dual-active mAbs led to faster viral load decline at study days 3 (P < .001) and 7 (P < .01). Treatment-emergent resistance mutations were more likely to be detected after amubarvimab plus romlusevimab treatment than with placebo (2.6% vs 0%; P < .001) and were more frequently detected in the setting of single-active compared with dual-active mAb treatment (7.3% vs 1.1%; P < .01). Single-active and dual-active mAb treatment resulted in similar decrease in rates of hospitalizations or death. CONCLUSIONS Compared with single-active mAb therapy, dual-active mAbs led to similar clinical outcomes but significantly faster viral load decline and a lower risk of emergent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish C Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rinki Deo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Teresa H Evering
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kara W Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark J Giganti
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlee Moser
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Ritz
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Regan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P Flynn
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles R Crain
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Alain Wohl
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Judith S Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph J Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Qing Zhu
- Brii Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lijie Zhon
- Brii Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li Ya
- Brii Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael D Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Davey Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric S Daar
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Gelová Z, Ingles-Prieto A, Bohstedt T, Frommelt F, Chi G, Chang YN, Garcia J, Wolf G, Azzollini L, Tremolada S, Scacioc A, Hansen JS, Serrano I, Droce A, Bernal JC, Burgess-Brown NA, Carpenter EP, Dürr KL, Kristensen P, Geertsma ER, Štefanić S, Scarabottolo L, Wiedmer T, Puetter V, Sauer DB, Superti-Furga G. Protein Binder Toolbox for Studies of Solute Carrier Transporters. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168665. [PMID: 38878854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Transporters of the solute carrier superfamily (SLCs) are responsible for the transmembrane traffic of the majority of chemical substances in cells and tissues and are therefore of fundamental biological importance. As is often the case with membrane proteins that can be heavily glycosylated, a lack of reliable high-affinity binders hinders their functional analysis. Purifying and reconstituting transmembrane proteins in their lipidic environments remains challenging and standard approaches to generate binders for multi-transmembrane proteins, such as SLCs, channels or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are lacking. While generating protein binders to 27 SLCs, we produced full length protein or cell lines as input material for binder generation by selected binder generation platforms. As a result, we obtained 525 binders for 22 SLCs. We validated the binders with a cell-based validation workflow using immunofluorescent and immunoprecipitation methods to process all obtained binders. Finally, we demonstrated the potential applications of the binders that passed our validation pipeline in structural, biochemical, and biological applications using the exemplary protein SLC12A6, an ion transporter relevant in human disease. With this work, we were able to generate easily renewable and highly specific binders against SLCs, which will greatly facilitate the study of this neglected protein family. We hope that the process will serve as blueprint for the generation of binders against the entire superfamily of SLC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gelová
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alvaro Ingles-Prieto
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Bohstedt
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabian Frommelt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gamma Chi
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julio Garcia
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Wolf
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Andreea Scacioc
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jesper S Hansen
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iciar Serrano
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aida Droce
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Nicola A Burgess-Brown
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisabeth P Carpenter
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katharina L Dürr
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eric R Geertsma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Saša Štefanić
- Nanobody Service Facility, University of Zurich, AgroVet-Strickhof, Eschikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Tabea Wiedmer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - David B Sauer
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Fischer K, Lulla A, So TY, Pereyra-Gerber P, Raybould MIJ, Kohler TN, Yam-Puc JC, Kaminski TS, Hughes R, Pyeatt GL, Leiss-Maier F, Brear P, Matheson NJ, Deane CM, Hyvönen M, Thaventhiran JED, Hollfelder F. Rapid discovery of monoclonal antibodies by microfluidics-enabled FACS of single pathogen-specific antibody-secreting cells. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02346-5. [PMID: 39143416 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used to prevent and treat viral infections and are pivotal in pandemic response efforts. Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs; plasma cells and plasmablasts) are an excellent source of high-affinity antibodies with therapeutic potential. Current methods to study antigen-specific ASCs either have low throughput, require expensive and labor-intensive screening or are technically demanding and therefore not widely accessible. Here we present a straightforward technology for the rapid discovery of monoclonal antibodies from ASCs. Our approach combines microfluidic encapsulation of single cells into an antibody capture hydrogel with antigen bait sorting by conventional flow cytometry. With our technology, we screened millions of mouse and human ASCs and obtained monoclonal antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high affinity (<1 pM) and neutralizing capacity (<100 ng ml-1) in 2 weeks with a high hit rate (>85% of characterized antibodies bound the target). By facilitating access to the underexplored ASC compartment, the approach enables efficient antibody discovery and immunological studies into the generation of protective antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tsz Y So
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra-Gerber
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew I J Raybould
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tomasz S Kaminski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Hughes
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte M Deane
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Greenway H, Wang J. Evaluation of High-Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates by Homogenous Time-Resolved FRET. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.05.606727. [PMID: 39149296 PMCID: PMC11326180 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.05.606727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The rapid growth of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies demands greater accessibility to scalable methods of evaluating antigen binding. Homogenous TR-FRET is ideal for preliminary screening but has not been reported to assay these interactions due to their high-affinity and complex solution-phase kinetics. Here we report the development of a competition assay to rank-order the relative affinities of these drugs for a common antigen. The assay is compatible with automation, requires no modification of the analytes, and measures affinities as low as single-digit picomolar. We further demonstrate applications to inform the development of antibody-drug conjugates. The assay may aid discovery and manufacturing of therapeutic antibodies as a low-cost, high-throughput alternative to existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmon Greenway
- The Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center for NextGen Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jin Wang
- The Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center for NextGen Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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11
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Liang T, Sun ZY, Hines MG, Penrose KJ, Hao Y, Chu X, Mellors JW, Dimitrov DS, Xie XQ, Li W, Feng Z. AI-based IsAb2.0 for antibody design. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae445. [PMID: 39285513 PMCID: PMC11405125 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody design has garnered widespread attention, highlighting its interdisciplinary importance. Advancements in technology emphasize the critical role of designing nanobodies and humanized antibodies in antibody engineering. However, current experimental methods are costly and time-consuming. Computational approaches, while progressing, faced limitations due to insufficient structural data and the absence of a standardized protocol. To tackle these challenges, our lab previously developed IsAb1.0, an in silico antibody design protocol. Yet, IsAb1.0 lacked accuracy, had a complex procedure, and required extensive antibody bioinformation. Moreover, it overlooked nanobody and humanized antibody design, hindering therapeutic antibody development. Building upon IsAb1.0, we enhanced our design protocol with artificial intelligence methods to create IsAb2.0. IsAb2.0 utilized AlphaFold-Multimer (2.3/3.0) for accurate modeling and complex construction without templates and employed the precise FlexddG method for in silico antibody optimization. Validated through optimization of a humanized nanobody J3 (HuJ3) targeting HIV-1 gp120, IsAb2.0 predicted five mutations that can improve HuJ3-gp120 binding affinity. These predictions were confirmed by commercial software and validated through binding and neutralization assays. IsAb2.0 streamlined antibody design, offering insights into future techniques to accelerate immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Pharmacometrics & System Pharmacology PharmacoAnalytics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Ze-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Pharmacometrics & System Pharmacology PharmacoAnalytics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Margaret G Hines
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kerri Jo Penrose
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yixuan Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Pharmacometrics & System Pharmacology PharmacoAnalytics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Xiaojie Chu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John W Mellors
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Pharmacometrics & System Pharmacology PharmacoAnalytics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Pharmacometrics & System Pharmacology PharmacoAnalytics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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12
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Chakraborty C, Saha S, Bhattacharya M. Recent Advances in Immunological Landscape and Immunotherapeutic Agent of Nipah Virus Infection. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01424-4. [PMID: 39052192 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the Nipah virus (NiV) emerged as a highly lethal zoonotic pathogen to humans. Outbreaks occurred occasionally in South and Southeast Asia. Therefore, a safe and effective vaccine against the virus is needed to fight against the deadly virus. Understanding the immunological landscape during this lethal virus infection is necessary in this direction. However, we found scattered information on the immunological landscape of the virus's reservoir, as well as hosts such as humans and livestock. The review provides a recent understanding of the immunological landscape of the virus's reservoir, human hosts, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines for NiV infection. To describe the immunological landscape, we divided our review article into some points. Firstly, we illustrated bats' immune response as a reservoir during the NiV infection. Secondly, we illustrated an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response to the NiV infection, various immune cells, humans' innate immune response, adaptive immunity, and the landscape of cytokines and chemokines. We also discussed INF escape, NET evasion, the T cell landscape, and the B cell landscape during virus infection. Thirdly, we also demonstrated the potential monoclonal antibody therapeutics, and vaccines. Finally, neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) of NiV and potentially other therapeutic strategies were discussed. The review will help researchers for better understanding the immunological landscape, mAbs, and vaccines, enabling them to develop their next-generation versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
| | - Sagnik Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756020, Odisha, India
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13
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Fajar S, Dwi SP, Nur IS, Wahyu AP, Sukamto S M, Winda AR, Nastiti W, Andri F, Firzan N. Zebrafish as a model organism for virus disease research: Current status and future directions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33865. [PMID: 39071624 PMCID: PMC11282986 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as valuable models for investigating viral infections, providing insights into viral pathogenesis, host responses, and potential therapeutic interventions. This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of research on viral infections using zebrafish models, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of viral action and host-virus interactions. Zebrafish models have been instrumental in elucidating the replication dynamics, tissue tropism, and immune evasion strategies of various viruses, including Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Herpes Simplex Virus type 1, and Influenza A virus. Additionally, studies utilizing zebrafish have evaluated the efficacy of antiviral compounds and natural agents against emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, Zika virus, and Dengue virus. The optical transparency and genetic tractability of zebrafish embryos enable real-time visualization of viral infections, facilitating the study of viral spread and immune responses. Despite challenges such as temperature compatibility and differences in host receptors, zebrafish models offer unique advantages, including cost-effectiveness, high-throughput screening capabilities, and conservation of key immune pathways. Importantly, zebrafish models complement existing animal models, providing a platform for rapid evaluation of potential therapeutics and a deeper understanding of viral pathogenesis. This review underscores the significance of zebrafish research in advancing our understanding of viral diseases and highlights future research directions to combat infectious diseases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofyantoro Fajar
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sendi Priyono Dwi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Mamada Sukamto S
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Wijayanti Nastiti
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Frediansyah Andri
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Nainu Firzan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
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14
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Clark H, Cárdenas M, Dybul M, Kazatchkine M, Liu J, Mark HE, McCarney R, McNab C, Miliband D, Nordström A, Obaid TA, Panjabi R, Radin E, Werner G, Johnson Sirleaf E. Political courage needed to prevent the next pandemic. Lancet 2024; 404:8-11. [PMID: 38906164 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Clark
- The Helen Clark Foundation, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Mauricio Cárdenas
- Centre on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Dybul
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michel Kazatchkine
- Global Health Center, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anders Nordström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Raj Panjabi
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
- Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Presidential Center for Women and Development, Monrovia, Liberia
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15
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Keating SM, Higgins BW. New technologies in therapeutic antibody development: The next frontier for treating infectious diseases. Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105902. [PMID: 38734210 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity to viral infections requires time to neutralize and clear viruses to resolve infection. Fast growing and pathogenic viruses are quickly established, are highly transmissible and cause significant disease burden making it difficult to mount effective responses, thereby prolonging infection. Antibody-based passive immunotherapies can provide initial protection during acute infection, assist in mounting an adaptive immune response, or provide protection for those who are immune suppressed or immune deficient. Historically, plasma-derived antibodies have demonstrated some success in treating diseases caused by viral pathogens; nonetheless, limitations in access to product and antibody titer reduce success of this treatment modality. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have proven an effective alternative, as it is possible to manufacture highly potent and specific mAbs against viral targets on an industrial scale. As a result, innovative technologies to discover, engineer and manufacture specific and potent antibodies have become an essential part of the first line of treatment in pathogenic viral infections. However, a mAb targeting a specific epitope will allow escape variants to outgrow, causing new variant strains to become dominant and resistant to treatment with that mAb. Methods to mitigate escape have included combining mAbs into cocktails, creating bi-specific or antibody drug conjugates but these strategies have also been challenged by the potential development of escape mutations. New technologies in developing antibodies made as recombinant polyclonal drugs can integrate the strength of poly-specific antibody responses to prevent mutational escape, while also incorporating antibody engineering to prevent antibody dependent enhancement and direct adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Keating
- GigaGen, Inc. (A Grifols Company), 75 Shoreway Road, San Carlos, CA, 94070, USA.
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16
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Liang L, Wang B, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Zhang S. Antibody drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2: Time for a rethink? Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116900. [PMID: 38861858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) heavily burdens human health. Multiple neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been issued for emergency use or tested for treating infected patients in the clinic. However, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) carrying mutations reduce the effectiveness of nAbs by preventing neutralization. Uncoding the mutation profile and immune evasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 can improve the outcome of Ab-mediated therapies. In this review, we first outline the development status of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab drugs and provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their prevalence. We next focus on the failure causes of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab drugs and rethink the design strategy for developing new Ab drugs against COVID-19. This review provides updated information for the development of therapeutic Ab drugs against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likeng Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Sihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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17
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Foglierini M, Nortier P, Schelling R, Winiger RR, Jacquet P, O'Dell S, Demurtas D, Mpina M, Lweno O, Muller YD, Petrovas C, Daubenberger C, Perreau M, Doria-Rose NA, Gottardo R, Perez L. RAIN: machine learning-based identification for HIV-1 bNAbs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5339. [PMID: 38914562 PMCID: PMC11196741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are promising candidates for the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infections. Despite their critical importance, automatic detection of HIV-1 bNAbs from immune repertoires is still lacking. Here, we develop a straightforward computational method for the Rapid Automatic Identification of bNAbs (RAIN) based on machine learning methods. In contrast to other approaches, which use one-hot encoding amino acid sequences or structural alignment for prediction, RAIN uses a combination of selected sequence-based features for the accurate prediction of HIV-1 bNAbs. We demonstrate the performance of our approach on non-biased, experimentally obtained and sequenced BCR repertoires from HIV-1 immune donors. RAIN processing leads to the successful identification of distinct HIV-1 bNAbs targeting the CD4-binding site of the envelope glycoprotein. In addition, we validate the identified bNAbs using an in vitro neutralization assay and we solve the structure of one of them in complex with the soluble native-like heterotrimeric envelope glycoprotein by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Overall, we propose a method to facilitate and accelerate HIV-1 bNAbs discovery from non-selected immune repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Foglierini
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Immunology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biomedical Data Science Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Nortier
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Immunology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Schelling
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Immunology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rahel R Winiger
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Immunology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Jacquet
- Scientific Computing and Research Support Unit, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Davide Demurtas
- Interdisciplinary center of electron microscopy, CIME, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Omar Lweno
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Yannick D Muller
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Immunology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Biomedical Data Science Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Perez
- Department of Medicine, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Centre for Human Immunology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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18
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Clegg LE, Stepanov O, Matthews S, White T, Seegobin S, Thomas S, Tuffy KM, Någård M, Esser MT, Streicher K, Cohen TS, Aksyuk AA. Serum AZD7442 (tixagevimab-cilgavimab) concentrations and in vitroIC 50 values predict SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody titres. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1517. [PMID: 38873124 PMCID: PMC11175839 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitates rapid methods for assessing monoclonal antibody (mAb) potency against emerging variants. Authentic virus neutralisation assays are considered the gold standard for measuring virus-neutralising antibody (nAb) titres in serum. However, authentic virus-based assays pose inherent practical challenges for measuring nAb titres against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (e.g. storing infectious viruses and testing at biosafety level-3 facilities). Here, we demonstrate the utility of pseudovirus neutralisation assay data in conjunction with serum mAb concentrations to robustly predict nAb titres in serum. Methods SARS-CoV-2 nAb titres were determined via authentic- and lentiviral pseudovirus-based neutralisation assays using serological data from three AZD7442 (tixagevimab-cilgavimab) studies: PROVENT (NCT04625725), TACKLE (NCT04723394) and a phase 1 dose-ranging study (NCT04507256). AZD7442 serum concentrations were assessed using immunocapture. Serum-based half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were derived from pseudovirus nAb titres and serum mAb concentrations, and compared with in vitro IC50 measurements. Results nAb titres measured via authentic- and lentiviral pseudovirus-based neutralisation assays were strongly correlated for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and SARS-CoV-2 Alpha. Serum AZD7442 concentrations and pseudovirus nAb titres were strongly correlated for multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants with all Spearman correlation coefficients ≥ 0.78. Serum-based IC50 values were similar to in vitro IC50 values for AZD7442, for ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Alpha, Delta, Omicron BA.2 and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. Conclusions These data highlight that serum mAb concentrations and pseudovirus in vitro IC50 values can be used to rapidly predict nAb titres in serum for emerging and historical SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Clegg
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA
| | - Oleg Stepanov
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Sam Matthews
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Tom White
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Seth Seegobin
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Steven Thomas
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaDurhamNCUSA
| | - Kevin M Tuffy
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA
| | - Mats Någård
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA
| | - Mark T Esser
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA
| | - Katie Streicher
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA
| | - Taylor S Cohen
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA
| | - Anastasia A Aksyuk
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGaithersburgMDUSA
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19
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Tang D, Gueto-Tettay C, Hjortswang E, Ströbaek J, Ekström S, Happonen L, Malmström L, Malmström J. Multimodal Mass Spectrometry Identifies a Conserved Protective Epitope in S. pyogenes Streptolysin O. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9060-9068. [PMID: 38701337 PMCID: PMC11154737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
An important element of antibody-guided vaccine design is the use of neutralizing or opsonic monoclonal antibodies to define protective epitopes in their native three-dimensional conformation. Here, we demonstrate a multimodal mass spectrometry-based strategy for in-depth characterization of antigen-antibody complexes to enable the identification of protective epitopes using the cytolytic exotoxin Streptolysin O (SLO) from Streptococcus pyogenes as a showcase. We first discovered a monoclonal antibody with an undisclosed sequence capable of neutralizing SLO-mediated cytolysis. The amino acid sequence of both the antibody light and the heavy chain was determined using mass-spectrometry-based de novo sequencing, followed by chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry to generate distance constraints between the antibody fragment antigen-binding region and SLO. Subsequent integrative computational modeling revealed a discontinuous epitope located in domain 3 of SLO that was experimentally validated by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and reverse engineering of the targeted epitope. The results show that the antibody inhibits SLO-mediated cytolysis by binding to a discontinuous epitope in domain 3, likely preventing oligomerization and subsequent secondary structure transitions critical for pore-formation. The epitope is highly conserved across >98% of the characterized S. pyogenes isolates, making it an attractive target for antibody-based therapy and vaccine design against severe streptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tang
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carlos Gueto-Tettay
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Hjortswang
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joel Ströbaek
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekström
- SciLifeLab,
Integrated Structural Biology Platform, Structural Proteomics Unit
Sweden, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222
42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Malmström
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division
of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Sanz-Muñoz I, Sánchez-de Prada L, Castrodeza-Sanz J, Eiros JM. Microbiological and epidemiological features of respiratory syncytial virus. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2024; 37:209-220. [PMID: 38515332 PMCID: PMC11094634 DOI: 10.37201/req/006.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The properties of the main surface proteins and the viral cycle of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) make it an attractive pathogen from the perspective of microbiology. The virus gets its name from the manner it infects cells, which enables it to produce syncytia, which allow the virus' genetic material to move across cells without having to release viral offspring to the cellular exterior, reducing immune system identification. This causes a disease with a high impact in both children and adults over 60, which has sparked the development of several preventive interventions based on vaccines and monoclonal antibodies for both age groups. The epidemiological characteristics of this virus, which circulates in epidemics throughout the coldest months of the year and exhibits a marked genetic and antigenic drift due to its high mutation capability, must be taken into consideration while using these preventive methods. The most important microbiological and epidemiological elements of RSV are covered in this study, along with how they have affected the creation of preventive medications and their use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sanz-Muñoz
- Dr. Iván Sanz-Muñoz, National Influenza Centre, Valladolid, Calle Rondilla de Santa Teresa s/n, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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21
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang C, Shen C, Song S, Wang Y, Peng Y, Gong X, Dai J, Xie C, Khrustaleva TA, Khrustalev VV, Huo Y, Lu D, Yao D, Zhao J, Liu Y, Lu H. A novel nanobody broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 via induction of spike trimer dimers conformation. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230086. [PMID: 38939869 PMCID: PMC11189563 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 pose serious challenges to the efficacy of the available antiviral drugs, and new drugs with fantastic efficacy are always deserved investigation. Here, a nanobody called IBT-CoV144 is reported, which exhibits broad neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 by inducing the conformation of spike trimer dimers. IBT-CoV144 was isolated from an immunized alpaca using the RBD of wild-type SARS-CoV-2, and it showed strong cross-reactive binding and neutralizing potency against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron subvariants. Moreover, the prophylactically and therapeutically intranasal administration of IBT-CoV144 confers fantastic protective efficacy against the challenge of Omicron BA.1 variant in BALB/c mice model. The structure analysis of the complex between spike (S) protein, conducted using Cryo-EM, revealed a special conformation known as the trimer dimers. This conformation is formed by two trimers, with six RBDs in the "up" state and bound by six VHHs. IBT-CoV144 binds to the lateral region of the RBD on the S protein, facilitating the aggregation of S proteins. This aggregation results in steric hindrance, which disrupts the recognition of the virus by ACE2 on host cells. The discovery of IBT-CoV144 will provide valuable insights for the development of advanced therapeutics and the design of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and ImmunityShenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious diseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Medical Research CenterYuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical CollegeShaoguanChina
- Shenzhen Immunity Biotech Co., Ltd.ShenzhenChina
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseNational Clinical Researcher Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and ImmunityShenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious diseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Chenguang Shen
- BSL‐3 Laboratory (Guangdong)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthDepartment of Laboratory MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuo Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and ImmunityShenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious diseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseNational Clinical Researcher Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yun Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and ImmunityShenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious diseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaohua Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and ImmunityShenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious diseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Jun Dai
- Health and Quarantine LaboratoryGuangzhou Customs District Technology CentreGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chongwei Xie
- Medical Research CenterYuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical CollegeShaoguanChina
- Shenzhen Immunity Biotech Co., Ltd.ShenzhenChina
| | | | | | | | - Di Lu
- Guangdong Fapon Biopharma Inc.ShenzhenChina
| | - Da Yao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseNational Clinical Researcher Center for Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and ImmunityShenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious diseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and ImmunityShenzhen Clinical Research Center for infectious diseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
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22
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Wong G, Bienes KM, Xiii A, Fausther-Bovendo H, Kobinger GP. Ebola-specific therapeutic antibodies from lab to clinic: The example of ZMapp. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105873. [PMID: 38580170 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the 1990s, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) progressed from scientific tools to advanced therapeutics, particularly for the treatment of cancers and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In the arena of infectious disease, the inauguration of mAbs as a post-exposure treatment in humans against Ebola virus (EBOV) occurred in response to the 2013-2016 West Africa outbreak. This review recounts the history of a candidate mAb treatment, ZMapp, beginning with its emergency use in the 2013-2016 outbreak and advancing to randomized controlled trials into the 2018-2020 African outbreak. We end with a brief discussion of the hurdles and promise toward mAb therapeutic use against infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur Du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kathrina Mae Bienes
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur Du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ara Xiii
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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23
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Hwang J, Kim BK, Moon S, Park W, Kim KW, Yoon JH, Oh H, Jung S, Park Y, Kim S, Kim M, Kim S, Jung Y, Park M, Kim JH, Jung ST, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Chung WJ, Song MS, Kweon DH. Conversion of Host Cell Receptor into Virus Destructor by Immunodisc to Neutralize Diverse SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302803. [PMID: 38329411 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The decreasing efficacy of antiviral drugs due to viral mutations highlights the challenge of developing a single agent targeting multiple strains. Using host cell viral receptors as competitive inhibitors is promising, but their low potency and membrane-bound nature have limited this strategy. In this study, the authors show that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in a planar membrane patch can effectively neutralize all tested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ACE2-incorporated membrane patch implemented using nanodiscs replicated the spike-mediated membrane fusion process outside the host cell, resulting in virus lysis, extracellular RNA release, and potent antiviral activity. While neutralizing antibodies became ineffective as the SARS-CoV-2 evolved to better penetrate host cells the ACE2-incorporated nanodiscs became more potent, highlighting the advantages of using receptor-incorporated nanodiscs for antiviral purposes. ACE2-incorporated immunodisc, an Fc fusion nanodisc developed in this study, completely protected humanized mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 after prolonged retention in the airways. This study demonstrates that the incorporation of viral receptors into immunodisc transforms the entry gate into a potent virucide for all current and future variants, a concept that can be extended to different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kyu Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokoh Moon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbeom Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Won Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Center, Mvrix Inc., Anyang, 14058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Jung
- Research Center, Mvrix Inc., Anyang, 14058, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseo Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Misoo Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungseo Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jick Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Chung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Center, Mvrix Inc., Anyang, 14058, Republic of Korea
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24
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Dombrowsky CS, Happel D, Habermann J, Hofmann S, Otmi S, Cohen B, Kolmar H. A Conditionally Activated Cytosol-Penetrating Antibody for TME-Dependent Intracellular Cargo Delivery. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 38804305 PMCID: PMC11130931 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of antibodies are primarily limited to cell surface-exposed and extracellular proteins. However, research has been conducted on cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), as well as cytosol-penetrating antibodies, to overcome these limitations. In this context, a heparin sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-binding antibody was serendipitously discovered, which eventually localizes to the cytosol of target cells. Functional characterization revealed that the tested antibody has beneficial cytosol-penetrating capabilities and can deliver cargo proteins (up to 70 kDa) to the cytosol. To achieve tumor-specific cell targeting and cargo delivery through conditional activation of the cell-penetrating antibody in the tumor microenvironment, a single-chain Fc fragment (scFv) and a VL domain were isolated as masking units. Several in vitro assays demonstrated that fusing the masking protein with a cleavable linker to the cell penetration antibody results in the inactivation of antibody cell binding and internalization. Removal of the mask via MMP-9 protease cleavage, a protease that is frequently overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME), led to complete regeneration of binding and cytosol-penetrating capabilities. Masked and conditionally activated cytosol-penetrating antibodies have the potential to serve as a modular platform for delivering protein cargoes addressing intracellular targets in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Sophie Dombrowsky
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dominic Happel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Habermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah Hofmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sasi Otmi
- Inter-Lab, a Subsidiary of Merck KGaA, South Industrial Area, Yavne 8122004, Israel
| | - Benny Cohen
- Inter-Lab, a Subsidiary of Merck KGaA, South Industrial Area, Yavne 8122004, Israel
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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25
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Hou XY, Danzeng LM, Wu YL, Ma QH, Yu Z, Li MY, Li LS. Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes for the treatment of COVID-19. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:353-374. [PMID: 38690515 PMCID: PMC11056634 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection typically presents with fever and respiratory symptoms, which can progress to severe respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. In severe cases, these complications may even lead to death. One of the causes of COVID-19 deaths is the cytokine storm caused by an overactive immune response. Therefore, suppressing the overactive immune response may be an effective strategy for treating COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) have potent homing abilities, immunomodulatory functions, regenerative repair, and antifibrotic effects, promising an effective tool in treating COVID-19. In this paper, we review the main mechanisms and potential roles of MSCs and MSCs-Exo in treating COVID-19. We also summarize relevant recent clinical trials, including the source of cells, the dosage and the efficacy, and the clinical value and problems in this field, providing more theoretical references for the clinical use of MSCs and MSCs-Exo in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yi Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - La-Mu Danzeng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qian-Hui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mei-Ying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Sha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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26
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Kumar A, Tripathi P, Kumar P, Shekhar R, Pathak R. From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:459. [PMID: 38793710 PMCID: PMC11125746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial to comprehending disease progression and the significance of vaccine and therapeutic development. The emergence of highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge to humoral immunity, underscoring the necessity of grasping the intricacies of specific antibodies. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of antibodies in shaping immune responses and their implications for diagnosing, preventing, and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into the kinetics and characteristics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing their strengths, clinical utility, and limitations. Furthermore, we underscore the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, discussing various antibody-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, and hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, we offer insights into antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, emphasizing the significance of neutralizing antibodies in order to confer immunity to SARS-CoV-2, along with emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges in the field, such as the risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and shed light on the challenges associated with the original antigenic sin (OAS) effect and long COVID. Overall, this review intends to provide valuable insights, which are crucial to advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient antibody-based therapeutics, and developing effective vaccines to combat the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida 201309, India
| | - Prajna Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ritu Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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27
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Lučiūnaitė A, Mašalaitė K, Plikusiene I, Maciulis V, Juciute S, Norkienė M, Žvirblienė A. Structural properties of immune complexes formed by viral antigens and specific antibodies shape the inflammatory response of macrophages. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:53. [PMID: 38664730 PMCID: PMC11046781 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on the course of viral infections revealed severe inflammation as a consequence of antiviral immune response. Despite extensive research, there are insufficient data on the role of innate immune cells in promoting inflammation mediated by immune complexes (IC) of viral antigens and their specific antibodies. Recently, we demonstrated that antigens of human polyomaviruses (PyVs) induce an inflammatory response in macrophages. Here, we investigated macrophage activation by IC. We used primary murine macrophages as a cell model, virus-like particles (VLPs) of PyV capsid protein as antigens, and a collection of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b subclasses. The inflammatory response was investigated by analysing inflammatory chemokines and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. We observed a diverse pattern of chemokine secretion in macrophages treated with different IC compared to VLPs alone. To link IC properties with cell activation status, we characterised the IC by advanced optical and acoustic techniques. Ellipsometry provided precise real-time kinetics of mAb-antigen interactions, while quartz crystal microbalance measurements showed changes in conformation and viscoelastic properties during IC formation. These results revealed differences in mAb-antigen interaction and mAb binding parameters of the investigated IC. We found that IC-mediated cell activation depends more on IC characteristics, including mAb affinity, than on mAb affinity for the activating Fc receptor. IC formed by the highest affinity mAb showed a significant enhancement of inflammasome activation. This may explain the hyperinflammation related to viral infection and vaccination. Our findings demonstrate that IC promote the viral antigen-induced inflammatory response depending on antibody properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Lučiūnaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Kristina Mašalaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vincentas Maciulis
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Silvija Juciute
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Norkienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Žvirblienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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28
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Inoue T, Yamamoto Y, Sato K, Okemoto-Nakamura Y, Shimizu Y, Ogawa M, Onodera T, Takahashi Y, Wakita T, Kaneko MK, Fukasawa M, Kato Y, Noguchi K. Overcoming antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants with bispecific antibodies constructed using non-neutralizing antibodies. iScience 2024; 27:109363. [PMID: 38500835 PMCID: PMC10946335 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A current challenge is the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5, that can evade immune defenses, thereby limiting antibody drug effectiveness. Emergency-use antibody drugs, including the widely effective bebtelovimab, are losing their benefits. One potential approach to address this issue are bispecific antibodies which combine the targeting abilities of two antibodies with distinct epitopes. We engineered neutralizing bispecific antibodies in the IgG-scFv format from two initially non-neutralizing antibodies, CvMab-6 (which binds to the receptor-binding domain [RBD]) and CvMab-62 (targeting a spike protein S2 subunit epitope adjacent to the known anti-S2 antibody epitope). Furthermore, we created a bispecific antibody by incorporating the scFv of bebtelovimab with our anti-S2 antibody, demonstrating significant restoration of effectiveness against bebtelovimab-resistant BQ.1.1 variants. This study highlights the potential of neutralizing bispecific antibodies, which combine existing less effective anti-RBD antibodies with anti-S2 antibodies, to revive the effectiveness of antibody therapeutics compromised by immune-evading variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Okemoto-Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku 164-8530, Japan
| | - Motohiko Ogawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kohji Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Phan T, Zitzmann C, Chew KW, Smith DM, Daar ES, Wohl DA, Eron JJ, Currier JS, Hughes MD, Choudhary MC, Deo R, Li JZ, Ribeiro RM, Ke R, Perelson AS. Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011680. [PMID: 38635853 PMCID: PMC11060554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the loss of lives during the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency use authorization was given to several anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients with a high risk of progressing to severe disease. Monoclonal antibodies used to treat SARS-CoV-2 target the spike protein of the virus and block its ability to enter and infect target cells. Monoclonal antibody therapy can thus accelerate the decline in viral load and lower hospitalization rates among high-risk patients with variants susceptible to mAb therapy. However, viral resistance has been observed, in some cases leading to a transient viral rebound that can be as large as 3-4 orders of magnitude. As mAbs represent a proven treatment choice for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections, evaluation of treatment-emergent mAb resistance can help uncover underlying pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may also help in the development of the next generation of mAb therapies. Although resistance can be expected, the large rebounds observed are much more difficult to explain. We hypothesize replenishment of target cells is necessary to generate the high transient viral rebound. Thus, we formulated two models with different mechanisms for target cell replenishment (homeostatic proliferation and return from an innate immune response antiviral state) and fit them to data from persons with SARS-CoV-2 treated with a mAb. We showed that both models can explain the emergence of resistant virus associated with high transient viral rebounds. We found that variations in the target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters have a strong impact on the magnitude or observability of the viral rebound associated with the emergence of resistant virus. Both variations in target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters may explain why only some individuals develop observable transient resistant viral rebound. Our study highlights the conditions that can lead to resistance and subsequent viral rebound in mAb treatments during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Phan
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Carolin Zitzmann
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kara W. Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Daar
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - David A. Wohl
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Hughes
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Manish C. Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rinki Deo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Ruian Ke
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
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30
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Tandiana R, Barletta GP, Soler MA, Fortuna S, Rocchia W. Computational Mutagenesis of Antibody Fragments: Disentangling Side Chains from ΔΔ G Predictions. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2630-2642. [PMID: 38445482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of highly potent antibodies and antibody fragments as binding agents holds significant implications in fields such as biosensing and biotherapeutics. Their binding strength is intricately linked to the arrangement and composition of residues at the binding interface. Computational techniques offer a robust means to predict the three-dimensional structure of these complexes and to assess the affinity changes resulting from mutations. Given the interdependence of structure and affinity prediction, our objective here is to disentangle their roles. We aim to evaluate independently six side-chain reconstruction methods and ten binding affinity estimation techniques. This evaluation was pivotal in predicting affinity alterations due to single mutations, a key step in computational affinity maturation protocols. Our analysis focuses on a data set comprising 27 distinct antibody/hen egg white lysozyme complexes, each with crystal structures and experimentally determined binding affinities. Using six different side-chain reconstruction methods, we transformed each structure into its corresponding mutant via in silico single-point mutations. Subsequently, these structures undergo minimization and molecular dynamics simulation. We therefore estimate ΔΔG values based on the original crystal structure, its energy-minimized form, and the ensuing molecular dynamics trajectories. Our research underscores the critical importance of selecting reliable side-chain reconstruction methods and conducting thorough molecular dynamics simulations to accurately predict the impact of mutations. In summary, our study demonstrates that the integration of conformational sampling and scoring is a potent approach to precisely characterizing mutation processes in single-point mutagenesis protocols and crucial for computational antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Tandiana
- Computational MOdelling of NanosCalE and BioPhysical SysTems─CONCEPT Lab Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Melen-83, B Block, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - German P Barletta
- Computational MOdelling of NanosCalE and BioPhysical SysTems─CONCEPT Lab Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Melen-83, B Block, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics─ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Miguel Angel Soler
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Informatiche e Fisiche, Universita' di Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Computational MOdelling of NanosCalE and BioPhysical SysTems─CONCEPT Lab Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Melen-83, B Block, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Walter Rocchia
- Computational MOdelling of NanosCalE and BioPhysical SysTems─CONCEPT Lab Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Melen-83, B Block, 16152 Genoa, Italy
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31
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Perez L, Foglierini M. RAIN: a Machine Learning-based identification for HIV-1 bNAbs. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4023897. [PMID: 38903123 PMCID: PMC11188109 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4023897/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are promising candidates for the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection. Despite their critical importance, automatic detection of HIV-1 bNAbs from immune repertoire is still lacking. Here, we developed a straightforward computational method for Rapid Automatic Identification of bNAbs (RAIN) based on Machine Learning methods. In contrast to other approaches using one-hot encoding amino acid sequences or structural alignment for prediction, RAIN uses a combination of selected sequence-based features for accurate prediction of HIV-1 bNAbs. We demonstrate the performance of our approach on non-biased, experimentally obtained sequenced BCR repertoires from HIV-1 immune donors. RAIN processing leads to the successful identification of novel HIV-1 bNAbs targeting the CD4-binding site of the envelope glycoprotein. In addition, we validate the identified bNAbs using in vitro neutralization assay and we solve the structure of one of them in complex with the soluble native-like heterotrimeric envelope glycoprotein by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Overall, we propose a method to facilitate and accelerate HIV-1 bNAbs discovery from non-selected immune repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Perez
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Foss S, Sakya SA, Aguinagalde L, Lustig M, Shaughnessy J, Cruz AR, Scheepmaker L, Mathiesen L, Ruso-Julve F, Anthi AK, Gjølberg TT, Mester S, Bern M, Evers M, Bratlie DB, Michaelsen TE, Schlothauer T, Sok D, Bhattacharya J, Leusen J, Valerius T, Ram S, Rooijakkers SHM, Sandlie I, Andersen JT. Human IgG Fc-engineering for enhanced plasma half-life, mucosal distribution and killing of cancer cells and bacteria. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2007. [PMID: 38453922 PMCID: PMC10920689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal IgG antibodies constitute the fastest growing class of therapeutics. Thus, there is an intense interest to design more potent antibody formats, where long plasma half-life is a commercially competitive differentiator affecting dosing, frequency of administration and thereby potentially patient compliance. Here, we report on an Fc-engineered variant with three amino acid substitutions Q311R/M428E/N434W (REW), that enhances plasma half-life and mucosal distribution, as well as allows for needle-free delivery across respiratory epithelial barriers in human FcRn transgenic mice. In addition, the Fc-engineered variant improves on-target complement-mediated killing of cancer cells as well as both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Hence, this versatile Fc technology should be broadly applicable in antibody design aiming for long-acting prophylactic or therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Foss
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri A Sakya
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leire Aguinagalde
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Lustig
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ana Rita Cruz
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Scheepmaker
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Line Mathiesen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fulgencio Ruso-Julve
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina Karen Anthi
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin Bern
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Diane B Bratlie
- Infection Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Infection Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Devin Sok
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- Antibody Translational Research Program, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance (PRIMA), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Yu P, Ran J, Yang R, Zhu H, Lu S, Wu Y, Zhao T, Xiong T. Rapid isolation of pan-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants from convalescent individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374913. [PMID: 38510237 PMCID: PMC10950932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants has presented a significant challenge to global health, as these variants show resistance to most antibodies developed early in the pandemic. Therapeutic antibodies with potent efficacy to the Omicron variants are urgently demanded. Methods Utilizing the rapid antibody discovery platform, Berkeley Lights Beacon, we isolated two monoclonal neutralizing antibodies, 2173-A6 and 3462-A4. These antibodies were isolated from individuals who recently recovered from Omicron infections. Results Both antibodies, 2173-A6 and 3462-A4, demonstrated high affinity for the RBD and effectively neutralized pseudoviruses from various Omicron lineages, including BA.4/5, XBB.1.16, XBB.1.5, and EG.5.1. This neutralization was achieved through binding to identical or overlapping epitopes. Discussion The use of the Beacon platform enabled the rapid isolation and identification of effective neutralizing antibodies within less than 10 days. This process significantly accelerates the development of novel therapeutic antibodies, potentially reducing the time required to respond to unknown infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingping Ran
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Zhu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Lu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianchen Xiong
- Antibody Research Platform, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
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34
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Winiger RR, Perez L. Therapeutic antibodies and alternative formats against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105820. [PMID: 38307147 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) heavily burdened the entire world. Despite a prompt generation of vaccines and therapeutics to confront infection, the virus remains a threat. The ancestor viral strain has evolved into several variants of concern, with the Omicron variant now having many distinct sublineages. Consequently, most available antibodies targeting the spike went obsolete and thus new therapies or therapeutic formats are needed. In this review we focus on antibody targets, provide an overview of the therapeutic progress made so far, describe novel formats being explored, and lessons learned from therapeutic antibodies that can enhance pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel R Winiger
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Service of Immunology and Allergy, and Center for Human Immunology Lausanne (CHIL), Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Perez
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Service of Immunology and Allergy, and Center for Human Immunology Lausanne (CHIL), Switzerland.
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35
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Jung N, Schommers P, Leisse C. [Precision medicine in infectious diseases]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 65:220-227. [PMID: 38038764 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Infectious medicine faces a variety of challenges, such as the increase in antibiotic resistance and the emergence and spread of infectious diseases fueled by climate change and globalization. Precision medicine can provide solutions to many of these challenges. Since an untargeted request for diagnostic tests can lead to test results without clinical relevance, which can increase the use of non-indicated antibiotics, the principle aimed at is: targeted diagnostics (the right test) and consideration of patient characteristics (the right person) to optimize management (the right action). At the same time, one must always decide whether empirical therapy must be immediately initiated, even if the results of the initiated diagnostics are not yet available. In addition, many new diagnostics as well as therapies have recently been developed for the rapid detection and more specific treatment of bacterial infections. Molecular genetic methods, which offer more rapid results than classical bacterial cultures, are gaining ground as new diagnostics. New therapeutics such as bacteriophages, antibodies or antibacterial peptides allow increasingly precise treatment of certain bacterial infections. Precision medicine will also play an increasingly important role in infectious medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jung
- Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Infektiologie, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - P Schommers
- Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Infektiologie, Köln, Deutschland
| | - C Leisse
- Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Infektiologie, Köln, Deutschland
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36
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Polimeni M, Zaccarelli E, Gulotta A, Lund M, Stradner A, Schurtenberger P. A multi-scale numerical approach to study monoclonal antibodies in solution. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016111. [PMID: 38425712 PMCID: PMC10902793 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient and robust computational models is essential to improve our understanding of protein solution behavior. This becomes particularly important to tackle the high-concentration regime. In this context, the main challenge is to put forward coarse-grained descriptions able to reduce the level of detail, while retaining key features and relevant information. In this work, we develop an efficient strategy that can be used to investigate and gain insight into monoclonal antibody solutions under different conditions. We use a multi-scale numerical approach, which connects information obtained at all-atom and amino-acid levels to bead models. The latter has the advantage of reproducing the properties of interest while being computationally much faster. Indeed, these models allow us to perform many-protein simulations with a large number of molecules. We can, thus, explore conditions not easily accessible with more detailed descriptions, perform effective comparisons with experimental data up to very high protein concentrations, and efficiently investigate protein-protein interactions and their role in phase behavior and protein self-assembly. Here, a particular emphasis is given to the effects of charges at different ionic strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Polimeni
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mikael Lund
- Division of Computational Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Stradner
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Puccetti M, Pariano M, Schoubben A, Giovagnoli S, Ricci M. Biologics, theranostics, and personalized medicine in drug delivery systems. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107086. [PMID: 38295917 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The progress in human disease treatment can be greatly advanced through the implementation of nanomedicine. This approach involves targeted and cell-specific therapy, controlled drug release, personalized dosage forms, wearable drug delivery, and companion diagnostics. By integrating cutting-edge technologies with drug delivery systems, greater precision can be achieved at the tissue and cellular levels through the use of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and the development of electrochemical sensor systems. This precision targeting - by virtue of nanotechnology - allows for therapy to be directed specifically to affected tissues while greatly reducing side effects on healthy tissues. As such, nanomedicine has the potential to transform the treatment of conditions such as cancer, genetic diseases, and chronic illnesses by facilitating precise and cell-specific drug delivery. Additionally, personalized dosage forms and wearable devices offer the ability to tailor treatment to the unique needs of each patient, thereby increasing therapeutic effectiveness and compliance. Companion diagnostics further enable efficient monitoring of treatment response, enabling customized adjustments to the treatment plan. The question of whether all the potential therapeutic approaches outlined here are viable alternatives to current treatments is also discussed. In general, the application of nanotechnology in the field of biomedicine may provide a strong alternative to existing treatments for several reasons. In this review, we aim to present evidence that, although in early stages, fully merging advanced technology with innovative drug delivery shows promise for successful implementation across various disease areas, including cancer and genetic or chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy,.
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy,.
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38
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Kapur R, Okumura K, Ohira S, Isath A, Gandhi A, Keller M, Nog R, Gass A, Spielvogel D, Lansman S, Dhand A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Heart Transplant Recipients and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies: Experience, Lessons Learnt, and Future Challenges. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00208. [PMID: 38334977 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), including heart transplant (HT) recipients, infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at higher risk of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or death when compared with general population. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have reduced COVID-19-related mortality rates from ~30% in the early pandemic to <3% in 2022 among HT recipients. We performed a retrospective chart review including adult HT recipients at Westchester Medical Center from January 1, 2020 to December 10, 2022, who received anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19, and those who received tixagevimab/cilgavimab for preexposure prophylaxis. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the literature involving SOTRs who received mAbs for COVID-19 was conducted. In this largest single-center study in this population, 42 adult HT recipients received casirivimab/imdevimab (36%), sotrovimab (31%), or bebtelovimab (29%) for treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Among these recipients, no infusion-associated adverse effects, progression of disease, COVID-19-associated hospitalizations, or death were noted. Preexposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab was given to 63 HT recipients in a dedicated infusion center (40%), inpatient setting (33%), or at time of annual heart biopsy (27%). No immediate adverse events were noted. There were 11 breakthrough infections, all mild. Overall, the data suggests that HT recipients receiving mAbs have reduced rates of hospitalization, need for intensive care unit care, or death. Use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs in SOTRs is resource intensive and requires a programmatic team approach for optimal administration and to minimize any risk of disparities in their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Okumura
- Department of Surgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Suguru Ohira
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Ameesh Isath
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | | | | | - Rajat Nog
- From the Department of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Alan Gass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | | | - Steven Lansman
- Department of Surgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Abhay Dhand
- From the Department of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
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Espinar-Buitrago MDLS, Magro-López E, Vázquez-Alejo E, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Enhanced Immunomodulatory Effects of Thymosin-Alpha-1 in Combination with Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimers against HCMV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1952. [PMID: 38396631 PMCID: PMC10887890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance and toxicity associated with current treatments for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection highlight the need for alternatives and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy. This study examined the in vitro immunological effects of co-administration of Thymosin-alpha-1 (Tα1) and polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during HCMV infection. The biocompatibility of PCDs was assessed via MTT and LDH assays. PBMCs were pre-treated with the co-administered compounds and then exposed to HCMV for 48 h. Morphological alterations in PBMCs were observed using optical microscopy and total dendritic cells (tDCs), myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), along with CD4+/CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg), and were characterized using multiparametric flow cytometry. The findings revealed that Tα1 + PCDs treatments increased DC activation and maturation. Furthermore, increased co-receptor expression, intracellular IFNγ production in T cells and elevated Treg functionality and reduced senescence were evident with Tα1 + G2-S24P treatment. Conversely, reduced co-receptor expression, intracellular cytokine production in T cells, lower functionality and higher senescence in Treg were observed with Tα1 + G2S16 treatment. In summary, Tα1 + PCDs treatments demonstrate synergistic effects during early HCMV infection, suggesting their use as an alternative therapeutic for preventing virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Sierra Espinar-Buitrago
- Section of Immunology, Immuno-Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIBM), University General Hospital Gregorio Marañon (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.S.E.-B.); (E.M.-L.); (E.V.-A.)
- Gregorio Marañon Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Network (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Magro-López
- Section of Immunology, Immuno-Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIBM), University General Hospital Gregorio Marañon (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.S.E.-B.); (E.M.-L.); (E.V.-A.)
- Gregorio Marañon Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Network (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vázquez-Alejo
- Section of Immunology, Immuno-Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIBM), University General Hospital Gregorio Marañon (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.S.E.-B.); (E.M.-L.); (E.V.-A.)
- Gregorio Marañon Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Network (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Section of Immunology, Immuno-Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIBM), University General Hospital Gregorio Marañon (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.l.S.E.-B.); (E.M.-L.); (E.V.-A.)
- Gregorio Marañon Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Network (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- HIV-HGM Biobank, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañon (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Loaiza RA, Ramírez RA, Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Ramírez MA, Andrade CA, Soto JA, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. A molecular perspective for the development of antibodies against the human respiratory syncytial virus. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105783. [PMID: 38145755 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading etiologic agent causing respiratory infections in infants, children, older adults, and patients with comorbidities. Sixty-seven years have passed since the discovery of hRSV, and only a few successful mitigation or treatment tools have been developed against this virus. One of these is immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against structural proteins of the virus, such as Palivizumab, the first prophylactic approach approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA. In this article, we discuss different strategies for the prevention and treatment of hRSV infection, focusing on the molecular mechanisms against each target that underly the rational design of antibodies against hRSV. At the same time, we describe the latest results regarding currently approved therapies against hRSV and the challenges associated with developing new candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Loaiza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Robinson A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge A Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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41
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Gong X, Luo E, Fan L, Zhang W, Yang Y, Du Y, Yang X, Xing S. Clinical research on RSV prevention in children and pregnant women: progress and perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1329426. [PMID: 38327765 PMCID: PMC10847284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant causative agent of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and children. The identification and structural analysis of the surface fusion glycoprotein of RSV represents a pivotal advancement in the development of RSV prevention. This review provides a comprehensive summary of RSV monoclonal antibody (mAb) and vaccine clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, emphasizing on the classification, name, target, phase, clinical outcomes, and safety data of RSV vaccination in newborns, infants and children. We also discuss the characteristics of the types of RSV vaccines for maternal immunity and summarize the current clinical research progress of RSV vaccination in pregnant women and their protective efficacy in infants. This review will provide new ideas for the development of RSV prevention for children in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Gong
- Good Clinical Practice Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Erdan Luo
- Good Clinical Practice Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Fan
- Good Clinical Practice Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Good Clinical Practice Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Medical Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhua Du
- Obstetrical Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Good Clinical Practice Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Xing
- Good Clinical Practice Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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42
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de Jong HK, Grobusch MP. Monoclonal antibody applications in travel medicine. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2024; 10:2. [PMID: 38221606 PMCID: PMC10789029 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-023-00212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
For decades, immunoglobulin preparations have been used to prevent or treat infectious diseases. Since only a few years, monoclonal antibody applications (mAbs) are taking flight and are increasingly dominating this field. In 2014, only two mAbs were registered; end of October 2023, more than ten mAbs are registered or have been granted emergency use authorization, and many more are in (pre)clinical phases. Especially the COVID-19 pandemic has generated this surge in licensed monoclonal antibodies, although multiple phase 1 studies were already underway in 2019 for other infectious diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. Monoclonal antibodies could function as prophylaxis (i.e., for the prevention of malaria), or could be used to treat (tropical) infections (i.e., rabies, dengue fever, yellow fever). This review focuses on the discussion of the prospects of, and obstacles for, using mAbs in the prevention and treatment of (tropical) infectious diseases seen in the returning traveler; and provides an update on the mAbs currently being developed for infectious diseases, which could potentially be of interest for travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K de Jong
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Tropical Medicine & Deutsches Zentrum Für Infektionsforschung, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales, (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
- Masanga Medical Research Unit (MMRU), Masanga, Sierra Leone
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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43
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Gong S, Qiu J, Thayumanavan S. Self-Assembly of Epitope-Tagged Proteins and Antibodies for Delivering Biologics to Antigen Presenting Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:33-38. [PMID: 38147631 PMCID: PMC11131140 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the immune system's own strategy for macrophage activation, we describe here a simple self-assembly strategy for generating artificial immune complexes. The built-in recognition domains in the antibody, viz. the Fab and Fc domains, are judiciously leveraged for cargo conjugation to generate the nanoassembly and macrophage targeting, respectively. A responsive linker is engineered into the nanoassembly for releasing the protein cargo inside the macrophages, while ensuring stability during delivery. The design principles are simple and versatile to be applicable to a range of biologics, from small protein toxins to large enzymes, with high loading capacity. This self-assembly platform has the potential for delivering biologics to immune cells with implications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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44
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Zou G, Cao S, Gao Z, Yie J, Wu JZ. Current state and challenges in respiratory syncytial virus drug discovery and development. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105791. [PMID: 38160942 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in young children and elderly people worldwide. Recent significant progress in our understanding of the structure and function of RSV proteins has led to the discovery of several clinical candidates targeting RSV fusion and replication. These include both the development of novel small molecule interventions and the isolation of potent monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of RSV drug discovery, with a focus on the characteristics of the candidates that reached the clinical stage of development. We also discuss the lessons learned from failed and discontinued clinical developments and highlight the challenges that remain for development of RSV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zou
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Sushan Cao
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junming Yie
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jim Zhen Wu
- Shanghai Ark Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
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45
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Zhang XL, Zhang X, Hua W, Xie ZD, Liu HM, Zhang HL, Chen BQ, Chen Y, Sun X, Xu Y, Shu SN, Zhao SY, Shang YX, Cao L, Jia YH, Lin LN, Li J, Hao CL, Dong XY, Lin DJ, Xu HM, Zhao DY, Zeng M, Chen ZM, Huang LS. Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:11-25. [PMID: 38064012 PMCID: PMC10828005 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of respiratory infections and is responsible for about 3 million hospitalizations and more than 100,000 deaths annually in children younger than 5 years, representing a major global healthcare burden. There is a great unmet need for new agents and universal strategies to prevent RSV infections in early life. A multidisciplinary consensus development group comprising experts in epidemiology, infectious diseases, respiratory medicine, and methodology aims to develop the current consensus to address clinical issues of RSV infections in children. DATA SOURCES The evidence searches and reviews were conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, using variations in terms for "respiratory syncytial virus", "RSV", "lower respiratory tract infection", "bronchiolitis", "acute", "viral pneumonia", "neonatal", "infant" "children", and "pediatric". RESULTS Evidence-based recommendations regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prevention were proposed with a high degree of consensus. Although supportive care remains the cornerstone for the management of RSV infections, new monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, drug therapies, and viral surveillance techniques are being rolled out. CONCLUSIONS This consensus, based on international and national scientific evidence, reinforces the current recommendations and integrates the recent advances for optimal care and prevention of RSV infections. Further improvements in the management of RSV infections will require generating the highest quality of evidence through rigorously designed studies that possess little bias and sufficient capacity to identify clinically meaningful end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Hua
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zheng-De Xie
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Min Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bi-Quan Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medicine Center, Guangzhou Medicine University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai-Nan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun-Ying Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Luo-Na Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chuang-Li Hao
- Department of Respirology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Jiong Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Yu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Li-Su Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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46
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Tong X, Deng Y, Cizmeci D, Fontana L, Carlock MA, Hanley HB, McNamara RP, Lingwood D, Ross TM, Alter G. Distinct Functional Humoral Immune Responses Are Induced after Live Attenuated and Inactivated Seasonal Influenza Vaccination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:24-34. [PMID: 37975667 PMCID: PMC10872955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses infect 5-30% of the world's population annually, resulting in millions of incidents of hospitalization and thousands of mortalities worldwide every year. Although annual vaccination has significantly reduced hospitalization rates in vulnerable populations, the current vaccines are estimated to offer a wide range of protection from 10 to 60% annually. Such incomplete immunity may be related to both poor antigenic coverage of circulating strains, as well as to the insufficient induction of protective immunity. Beyond the role of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), vaccine-induced Abs have the capacity to induce a broader array of Ab effector functions, including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, that has been implicated in universal immunity against influenza viruses. However, whether different vaccine platforms can induce functional humoral immunity in a distinct manner remains incompletely defined. In this study, we compared vaccine-induced humoral immune responses induced by two seasonal influenza vaccines in Homo sapiens, the i.m. inactivated vaccine (IIV/Fluzone) and the live attenuated mucosal vaccine (LAIV/FluMist). Whereas the inactivated influenza vaccine induced superior Ab titers and FcγR binding capacity to diverse HA and NA Ags, the live attenuated influenza mucosal vaccine induced a more robust functional humoral immune response against both the HA and NA domains. Multivariate Ab analysis further highlighted the significantly different overall functional humoral immune profiles induced by the two vaccines, marked by differences in IgG titers, FcR binding, and both NK cell-recruiting and opsonophagocytic Ab functions. These results highlight the striking differences in Ab Fc-effector profiles induced systemically by two distinct influenza vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yixiang Deng
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Fontana
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael A. Carlock
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah B. Hanley
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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47
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Sun X, Ma H, Wang X, Bao Z, Tang S, Yi C, Sun B. Broadly neutralizing antibodies to combat influenza virus infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105785. [PMID: 38145757 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The diversified classification and continuous alteration of influenza viruses underscore for antivirals and vaccines that can counter a broad range of influenza subtypes. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are two principle viral surface targets for broadly neutralizing antibodies. A series of monoclonal antibodies, targeting HA and NA, have been discovered and characterized with a wide range of neutralizing activity against influenza viruses. Clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of some HA stem-targeting antibodies against influenza viruses. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can serve as both prophylactic and therapeutic agents, as well as play a critical role in identifying antigens and epitopes for the development of universal vaccines. In this review, we described and summarized the latest discoveries and advancements of bnAbs against influenza viruses in both pre- and clinical development. Additionally, we assess whether bnAbs can serve as a viable alternative to vaccination against influenza. Finally, we discussed the rationale behind reverse vaccinology, a structure-guided universal vaccine design strategy that efficiently identifies candidate antigens and conserved epitopes that can be targeted by antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hanwen Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuanjia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiheng Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shubing Tang
- Department of Investigational New Drug, Shanghai Reinovax Biologics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Chunyan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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48
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Dunn ZD, Bohman P, Quinteros A, Sauerborn B, Milman F, Patel M, Kargupta R, Wu S, Hornshaw M, Barrientos R, Bones J, Tayi VS, Abaroa N, Patel B, Appiah-Amponsah E, Regalado EL. Automated Online-Sampling Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography with Feedback-Control Capability as a Framework for Real-Time Monitoring of mAb Critical Quality Attributes in Multiple Bioreactors. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18130-18138. [PMID: 38015205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of biopharmaceutical reactors is becoming increasingly important as the processes become more complex. During the continuous manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the desired mAb product is continually created and collected over a 30 day process, where there can be changes in quality over that time. Liquid chromatography (LC) is the workhorse instrumentation capable of measuring mAb concentration as well as quality attributes such as aggregation, charge variants, oxidation, etc. However, traditional offline sampling is too infrequent to fully characterize bioprocesses, and the typical time from sample generation to data analysis and reporting can take weeks. To circumvent these limitations, an automated online sampling multidimensional workflow was developed to enable streamlined measurements of mAb concentration, aggregation, and charge variants. This analytical framework also facilitates automated data export for real-time analysis of up to six bioreactors, including feedback-controlling capability using readily available LC technology. This workflow increases the data points per bioreactor, improving the understanding of each experiment while also reducing the data turnaround time from weeks to hours. Examples of effective real-time analyses of mAb critical quality attributes are illustrated, showing substantial throughput improvements and accurate results while minimizing labor and manual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Dunn
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Patrick Bohman
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 168 Third Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Alexis Quinteros
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Brian Sauerborn
- Engineering, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Felix Milman
- Engineering, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Misaal Patel
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Roli Kargupta
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suyang Wu
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Martin Hornshaw
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 168 Third Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rodell Barrientos
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jonathan Bones
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Venkata S Tayi
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicholas Abaroa
- Engineering, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bhumit Patel
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Emmanuel Appiah-Amponsah
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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Bouzid D, Visseaux B, Ferré VM, Peiffer-Smadja N, Le Hingrat Q, Loubet P. Respiratory syncytial virus in adults with comorbidities: an update on epidemiology, vaccines, and treatments. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1538-1550. [PMID: 37666450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is widely known as a frequent cause of respiratory distress among adults, particularly in older people. Recent years have witnessed several improvements in respiratory virus detection, leading to more questions about therapeutic management strategies. OBJECTIVES This narrative review focuses on the RSV burden in older people and adults with risk factors and provides an update on the main recent developments regarding managing this infection. SOURCES A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted till August 2023 to identify studies on RSV among the adult population. We included observational studies, RCTs on vaccines, and different therapies. CONTENT This review should give clinicians an overview of RSV epidemiology and burden among older people and adults with pre-existing risk factors, the most recent randomized clinical trials on RSV vaccines, and the existing data on the different therapeutics existing and under development. IMPLICATIONS There is a growing body of evidence on RSV burden in adults. The landscape of preventive and curative treatments is quickly evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Bouzid
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1137, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; AP-HP Nord, Emergency Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Visseaux
- Laboratoire Cerba, Infectious Diseases Department, Saint Ouen l'Aumône, France
| | - Valentine Marie Ferré
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1137, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; AP-HP Nord, Infectious Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1137, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; AP-HP Nord, Virology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Le Hingrat
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1137, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France; AP-HP Nord, Infectious Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- Université de Montpellier, VBMI, Inserm U1047, Nîmes, France; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Nîmes, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France.
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Singh R, Chandley P, Rohatgi S. Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:886-897. [PMID: 38149884 PMCID: PMC10759153 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chandley
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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