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Chandler F, Reddy PAN, Bhutda S, Ross RL, Walden M, Walker K, Di Donato S, Cassel JA, Prakesch MA, Aman A, Datti A, Campbell LJ, Foglizzo M, Bell L, Stein DN, Ault JR, Al-Awar RS, Calabrese AN, Sicheri F, Del Galdo F, Salvino JM, Greenberg RA, Zeqiraj E. Molecular glues that inhibit specific Zn 2+-dependent DUB activity and inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.07.611787. [PMID: 39282282 PMCID: PMC11398498 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.07.611787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Deubiquitylases (DUBs) play a pivotal role in cell signalling and are often regulated by homo- or hetero-interactions within protein complexes. The BRCC36 isopeptidase complex (BRISC) regulates inflammatory signalling by selectively cleaving K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on Type I interferon receptors (IFNAR1). BRCC36 is a Zn2+-dependent JAMM/MPN DUB, a challenging ubiquitin protease class for the design of selective inhibitors. We identified first-in-class DUB inhibitors that act as BRISC molecular glues (BLUEs). BLUEs inhibit DUB activity by stabilising a BRISC dimer consisting of 16 subunits. The BLUE-stabilised BRISC dimer is an autoinhibited conformation, whereby the active sites and interactions with the recruiting subunit SHMT2 are blocked. This unique mode of action leads to highly selective inhibitors for BRISC over related complexes with the same catalytic subunit, splice variants and other JAMM/MPN DUBs. Structure-guided inhibitor resistant mutants confirm BLUEs on-target activity in cells, and BLUE treatment results in reduced interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Scleroderma patients, a disease linked with aberrant IFNAR1 activation. BLUEs represent a new class of molecules with potential utility in Type I interferon-mediated diseases and a template for designing selective inhibitors of large protein complexes by promoting protein-protein interactions instead of blocking them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chandler
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Poli Adi Narayana Reddy
- The Wistar Cancer Center for Molecular Screening, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Smita Bhutda
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Ross
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Miriam Walden
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kieran Walker
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stefano Di Donato
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Joel A Cassel
- The Wistar Cancer Center for Molecular Screening, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Prakesch
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa J Campbell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martina Foglizzo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lillie Bell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel N Stein
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James R Ault
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rima S Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio N Calabrese
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- The Wistar Cancer Center for Molecular Screening, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Li Y, Chen X, Xiong Y, Xu X, Xie C, Min M, Liang D, Chen C, Mao H. BRCC36 regulates β-catenin ubiquitination to alleviate vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:820. [PMID: 39227917 PMCID: PMC11373267 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains substantial, but currently, there are no effective pharmaceutical therapies available. BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 36 (BRCC36) has been implicated in osteoblast osteogenic conversion; however, its specific role in VC remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of BRCC36 in VC. METHODS The association between BRCC36 expression and VC was examined in radial arteries from patients with CKD, high-adenine-induced CKD mice, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse gene expression. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to comprehensively investigate the effects of BRCC36 on VC. Coimmunoprecipitation and TOPFlash luciferase assays were utilized to further investigate the regulatory effects of BRCC36 on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. RESULTS BRCC36 expression was downregulated in human calcified radial arteries, calcified aortas from CKD mice, and calcified VSMCs. VSMC-specific BRCC36 overexpression alleviated calcium deposition in the vasculature, whereas BRCC36 depletion aggravated VC progression. Furthermore, BRCC36 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs in vitro. Rescue experiments revealed that BRCC36 exerts the protective effects on VC partly by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Mechanistically, BRCC36 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by decreasing the K63-linked ubiquitination of β-catenin. Additionally, pioglitazone attenuated VC partly through upregulating BRCC36 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our research results emphasize the critical role of the BRCC36-β-catenin axis in VC, suggesting that BRCC36 or β-catenin may be promising therapeutic targets to prevent the progression of VC in CKD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Animals
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- Humans
- Ubiquitination
- Male
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mice
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis
- Middle Aged
- Cell Differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, #300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, #300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, China
| | - Yiqing Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, #300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, China
| | - Xueqiang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, #300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, China
| | - Caidie Xie
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, #1-1 Zhongfu Road, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, #300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, #300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Science, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, #458 West Wenchang Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Huijuan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, #300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, China.
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Wang B, Li M, Cao D, Sun Q, Yu W, Ma J, Ren H, Xu G, Zhou L. Lys-63-specific deubiquitinase BRCC36 enhances the sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to lenalidomide by inhibiting lysosomal degradation of cereblon. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:349. [PMID: 39136771 PMCID: PMC11335271 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological tumor in adults. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), such as thalidomide and lenalidomide (Len), are effective drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Len can recruit IKZF1 and IKZF3 to cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the cullin 4-RING E3 ligase (CRL4), promote their ubiquitination and degradation, and finally inhibit the proliferation of myeloma cells. However, MM patients develop resistance to IMiDs over time, leading to disease recurrence and deterioration. To explore the possible approaches that may enhance the sensitivity of IMiDs to MM, in this study, we used the proximity labeling technique TurboID and quantitative proteomics to identify Lys-63-specific deubiquitinase BRCC36 as a CRBN-interacting protein. Biochemical experiments demonstrated that BRCC36 in the BRISC complex protects CRBN from lysosomal degradation by specifically cleaving the K63-linked polyubiquitin chain on CRBN. Further studies found that a small-molecule compound SHIN1, which binds to BRISC complex subunit SHMT2, can upregulate CRBN by elevating BRCC36. The combination of SHIN1 and Len can further increase the sensitivity of MM cells to IMiDs. Therefore, this study provides the basis for the exploration of a possible strategy for the SHIN1 and Len combination treatment for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Fitzpatrick TB. B Vitamins: An Update on Their Importance for Plant Homeostasis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:67-93. [PMID: 38424064 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-060223-025336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
B vitamins are a source of coenzymes for a vast array of enzyme reactions, particularly those of metabolism. As metabolism is the basis of decisions that drive maintenance, growth, and development, B vitamin-derived coenzymes are key components that facilitate these processes. For over a century, we have known about these essential compounds and have elucidated their pathways of biosynthesis, repair, salvage, and degradation in numerous organisms. Only now are we beginning to understand their importance for regulatory processes, which are becoming an important topic in plants. Here, I highlight and discuss emerging evidence on how B vitamins are integrated into vital processes, from energy generation and nutrition to gene expression, and thereby contribute to the coordination of growth and developmental programs, particularly those that concern maintenance of a stable state, which is the foundational tenet of plant homeostasis.
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Schiefer S, Hale BG. Proximal protein landscapes of the type I interferon signaling cascade reveal negative regulation by PJA2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4484. [PMID: 38802340 PMCID: PMC11130243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the intricate dynamic events governing type I interferon (IFN) signaling is critical to unravel key regulatory mechanisms in host antiviral defense. Here, we leverage TurboID-based proximity labeling coupled with affinity purification-mass spectrometry to comprehensively map the proximal human proteomes of all seven canonical type I IFN signaling cascade members under basal and IFN-stimulated conditions. This uncovers a network of 103 high-confidence proteins in close proximity to the core members IFNAR1, IFNAR2, JAK1, TYK2, STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, and validates several known constitutive protein assemblies, while also revealing novel stimulus-dependent and -independent associations between key signaling molecules. Functional screening further identifies PJA2 as a negative regulator of IFN signaling via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Mechanistically, PJA2 interacts with TYK2 and JAK1, promotes their non-degradative ubiquitination, and limits the activating phosphorylation of TYK2 thereby restraining downstream STAT signaling. Our high-resolution proximal protein landscapes provide global insights into the type I IFN signaling network, and serve as a valuable resource for future exploration of its functional complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Schiefer
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Han T, Wang Y, Cheng M, Hu Q, Wan X, Huang M, Liu Y, Xun W, Xu J, Wang L, Luo R, Yuan Y, Wang K, Wang J. Phosphorylated SHMT2 Regulates Oncogenesis Through m 6A Modification in Lung Adenocarcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307834. [PMID: 38460155 PMCID: PMC11095143 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Targeting cancer-specific metabolic processes is a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, this work uses a compound library that directly inhibits metabolic enzymes to screen the potential metabolic targets in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). SHIN1, the specific inhibitor of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1/2 (SHMT1/2), has a highly specific inhibitory effect on LUAD cells, and this effect depends mainly on the overexpression of SHMT2. This work clarifies that mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)-mediated phosphorylation at Ser90 is the key mechanism underlying SHMT2 upregulation in LUAD and that this phosphorylation stabilizes SHMT2 by reducing STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 (STUB1)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. SHMT2-Ser90 dephosphorylation decreases S-adenosylmethionine levels in LUAD cells, resulting in reduced N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in global RNAs without affecting total protein or DNA methylation. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses further demonstrate that SHMT2-Ser90 dephosphorylation accelerates the RNA degradation of oncogenic genes by reducing m6A modification, leading to the inhibition of tumorigenesis. Overall, this study elucidates a new regulatory mechanism of SHMT2 during oncogenesis and provides a theoretical basis for targeting SHMT2 as a therapeutic target in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Han
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory DiseaseDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- China‐Japan Friendship Jiangxi HospitalNational Regional Center for Respiratory MedicineNanchang CityJiangxi330200China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory DiseaseDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- China‐Japan Friendship Jiangxi HospitalNational Regional Center for Respiratory MedicineNanchang CityJiangxi330200China
| | - Minzhang Cheng
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory DiseaseDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- China‐Japan Friendship Jiangxi HospitalNational Regional Center for Respiratory MedicineNanchang CityJiangxi330200China
| | - Qifan Hu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Xiaorui Wan
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory DiseaseDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- China‐Japan Friendship Jiangxi HospitalNational Regional Center for Respiratory MedicineNanchang CityJiangxi330200China
| | - Menglin Huang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Wenze Xun
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Ruiguang Luo
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Huankui AcademyNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Keru Wang
- School of Huankui AcademyNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330006China
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchang CityJiangxi330031China
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7
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Wang H, Shu L, Lv C, Liu N, Long Y, Peng X, Ling H, Tao T, Tang J, Cheng Y, Liu S, Xiao D, Tao Y. BRCC36 Deubiquitinates HMGCR to Regulate the Interplay Between Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304263. [PMID: 38178583 PMCID: PMC10953584 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Various forms of programmed cell death (PCD) exhibit distinct characteristics depending on their specific molecular mechanisms, and there are interactions among these different forms. Ferroptosis, which is related to autophagy and apoptosis, has an unknown potential interaction with pyroptosis. This study revealed a mutually antagonistic relationship between ferroptosis and pyroptosis, with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) playing a key role in their interaction. It is found that HMGCR predominantly localized to mitochondria during ferroptosis but shifted to the endoplasmic reticulum following treatment with a pyroptosis inducer. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that BRCC36 (BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 36) deubiquitinated HMGCR in a manner dependent on deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activity, and inhibited ferroptosis and promoted pyroptosis. Moreover, as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), BRCC36 promoted cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Thiolutin, an inhibitor of BRCC36, effectively suppressed the interaction between BRCC36 and HMGCR, leading to the inhibition of HCC growth. Therefore, targeting BRCC36 can offer a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment. In conclusion, these findings provide new theoretical evidence for further characterizing tumor heterogeneity and offer new molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Long Shu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Cairui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Yao Long
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Xintong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Huli Ling
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Tania Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgerySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of PharmacyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of OncologyInstitute of Medical SciencesNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South UniversityMinistry of Education)Department of PathologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunan410078China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgerySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer MetabolismHunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410031China
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Sánchez-Castillo A, Heylen E, Hounjet J, Savelkouls KG, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Dubois LJ, Reynders K, Rouschop KM, Vaes RDW, De Keersmaecker K, Lambrecht M, Hendriks LEL, De Ruysscher DKM, Vooijs M, Kampen KR. Targeting serine/glycine metabolism improves radiotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:568-584. [PMID: 38160212 PMCID: PMC10876524 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer, and 85% of cases are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Metabolic rewiring is a cancer hallmark that causes treatment resistance, and lacks insights into serine/glycine pathway adaptations upon radiotherapy. METHODS We analyzed radiotherapy responses using mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics in NSCLC patient's plasma and cell lines. Efficacy of serine/glycine conversion inhibitor sertraline with radiotherapy was investigated by proliferation, clonogenic and spheroid assays, and in vivo using a serine/glycine dependent NSCLC mouse model by assessment of tumor growth, metabolite and cytokine levels, and immune signatures. RESULTS Serine/glycine pathway metabolites were significantly consumed in response to radiotherapy in NSCLC patients and cell models. Combining sertraline with radiotherapy impaired NSCLC proliferation, clonogenicity and stem cell self-renewal capacity. In vivo, NSCLC tumor growth was reduced solely in the sertraline plus radiotherapy combination treatment group. Tumor weights linked to systemic serine/glycine pathway metabolite levels, and were inhibited in the combination therapy group. Interestingly, combination therapy reshaped the tumor microenvironment via cytokines associated with natural killer cells, supported by eradication of immune checkpoint galectin-1 and elevated granzyme B levels. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that targeting serine/glycine metabolism using sertraline restricts cancer cell recovery from radiotherapy and provides tumor control through immunomodulation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaís Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elien Heylen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, KU Leuven, and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith Hounjet
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim G Savelkouls
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G Lieuwes
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Biemans
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kobe Reynders
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Oncology, Experimental Radiation Oncology, KU Leuven, and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kasper M Rouschop
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne D W Vaes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, KU Leuven, and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Lambrecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lizza E L Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk K M De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim R Kampen
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, KU Leuven, and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Sberna S, Lopez-Hernandez A, Biancotto C, Motta L, Andronache A, Verhoef LGGC, Caganova M, Campaner S. Identification of BRCC3 and BRCA1 as Regulators of TAZ Stability and Activity. Cells 2023; 12:2431. [PMID: 37887275 PMCID: PMC10605050 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TAZ (WWTR1) is a transcriptional co-activator regulated by Hippo signaling, mechano-transduction, and G-protein couple receptors. Once activated, TAZ and its paralogue, YAP1, regulate gene expression programs promoting cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, thus controlling embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and aging. YAP and TAZ are also frequently activated in tumors, particularly in poorly differentiated and highly aggressive malignancies. Yet, mutations of YAP/TAZ or of their upstream regulators do not fully account for their activation in cancer, raising the possibility that other upstream regulatory pathways, still to be defined, are altered in tumors. In this work, we set out to identify novel regulators of TAZ by means of a siRNA-based screen. We identified 200 genes able to modulate the transcriptional activity of TAZ, with prominence for genes implicated in cell-cell contact, cytoskeletal tension, cell migration, WNT signaling, chromatin remodeling, and interleukins and NF-kappaB signaling. Among these genes we identified was BRCC3, a component of the BRCA1 complex that guards genome integrity and exerts tumor suppressive activity during cancer development. The loss of BRCC3 or BRCA1 leads to an increased level and activity of TAZ. Follow-up studies indicated that the cytoplasmic BRCA1 complex controls the ubiquitination and stability of TAZ. This may suggest that, in tumors, inactivating mutations of BRCA1 may unleash cell transformation by activating the TAZ oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT, CGS@SEMM (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia at European School of Molecular Medicine), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.S.)
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10
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Liu S, Liu Y, Ma J, Lv R, Wang F. Construction of an aging-related risk signature in high-grade serous ovarian cancer for predicting survival outcome and immunogenicity. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34851. [PMID: 37657028 PMCID: PMC10476771 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that aging significantly impacts tumorigenesis, survival outcome, and treatment efficacy in various tumors, covering high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Therefore, the objective for this investigation is to construct an aging-relevant risk signature for the first time, which will help evaluate the immunogenicity and survival status for patients with HGSOC. Totaling 1727 patients with HGSOC, along with their mRNA genomic data and clinical survival data, were obtained based on 5 independent cohorts. The Lasso-Cox regression model was utilized to identify the aging genes that had the most significant impact on prognosis. The risk signature was developed by integrating the determined gene expression and accordant model weights. Additionally, immunocytes in the microenvironment, signaling pathways, and immune-relevant signatures were assessed based on distinct risk subgroups. Finally, 2 cohorts that underwent treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) were employed to confirm the effects of identified risk signature on ICI efficacy. An aging signature was constructed from 12 relevant genes, which showed improved survival outcomes in low-risk HGSOC patients across discovery and 4 validation cohorts (all P < .05). The low-risk subgroup showed better immunocyte infiltration and higher enrichment of immune pathways and ICI predictors based on further immunology analysis. Notably, in the immunotherapeutic cohorts, low-risk aging signature was observed to link to better immunotherapeutic outcomes and increased response rates. Together, our constructed signature of aging has the potential to assess not only the prognosis outcome and immunogenicity, but also, importantly, the efficacy of ICI treatment. This signature provides valuable insights for prognosis prediction and immunotherapeutic effect evaluation, ultimately promoting individualized treatment for HGSOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donggang Branch, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuexia Liu
- Medical Security Service Center of Pingchuan District, Gansu Baiyin, China
| | - Jianhong Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Lanzhou, China
| | - Rou Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Donggang Branch, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Lanzhou, China
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11
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Abstract
A survey of protein databases indicates that the majority of enzymes exist in oligomeric forms, with about half of those found in the UniProt database being homodimeric. Understanding why many enzymes are in their dimeric form is imperative. Recent developments in experimental and computational techniques have allowed for a deeper comprehension of the cooperative interactions between the subunits of dimeric enzymes. This review aims to succinctly summarize these recent advancements by providing an overview of experimental and theoretical methods, as well as an understanding of cooperativity in substrate binding and the molecular mechanisms of cooperative catalysis within homodimeric enzymes. Focus is set upon the beneficial effects of dimerization and cooperative catalysis. These advancements not only provide essential case studies and theoretical support for comprehending dimeric enzyme catalysis but also serve as a foundation for designing highly efficient catalysts, such as dimeric organic catalysts. Moreover, these developments have significant implications for drug design, as exemplified by Paxlovid, which was designed for the homodimeric main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chen
- Lab of Computional Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computional Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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12
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Banihani SA, Aljabali SM. Men with oligozoospermia had lower level of seminal plasma pyridoxine compared to normozoospermic men. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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13
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Foolchand A, Mazaleni S, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon AA. A Review: Highlighting the Links between Epigenetics, COVID-19 Infection, and Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12292. [PMID: 36293144 PMCID: PMC9603374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly transmittable and infectious COVID-19 remains a major threat worldwide, with the elderly and comorbid individuals being the most vulnerable. While vaccines are currently available, therapeutic drugs will help ease the viral outbreak and prevent serious health outcomes. Epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression through changes in chromatin structure and have been linked to viral pathophysiology. Since epigenetic modifications contribute to the life cycle of the virus and host immune responses to infection, epigenetic drugs are promising treatment targets to ameliorate COVID-19. Deficiency of the multifunctional secosteroid hormone vitamin D is a global health threat. Vitamin D and its receptor function to regulate genes involved in immunity, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. Amassed evidence also indicates the biological relations of vitamin D with reduced disease risk, while its receptor can be modulated by epigenetic mechanisms. The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D suggest a role for vitamin D as a COVID-19 therapeutic agent. Therefore, this review highlights the epigenetic effects on COVID-19 and vitamin D while also proposing a role for vitamin D in COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa
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14
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Jiang Q, Foglizzo M, Morozov YI, Yang X, Datta A, Tian L, Thada V, Li W, Zeqiraj E, Greenberg RA. Autologous K63 deubiquitylation within the BRCA1-A complex licenses DNA damage recognition. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202111050. [PMID: 35938958 PMCID: PMC9386975 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The BRCA1-A complex contains matching lysine-63 ubiquitin (K63-Ub) binding and deubiquitylating activities. How these functionalities are coordinated to effectively respond to DNA damage remains unknown. We generated Brcc36 deubiquitylating enzyme (DUB) inactive mice to address this gap in knowledge in a physiologic system. DUB inactivation impaired BRCA1-A complex damage localization and repair activities while causing early lethality when combined with Brca2 mutation. Damage response dysfunction in DUB-inactive cells corresponded to increased K63-Ub on RAP80 and BRCC36. Chemical cross-linking coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analyses of isolated BRCA1-A complexes demonstrated the RAP80 ubiquitin interaction motifs are occupied by ubiquitin exclusively in the DUB-inactive complex, linking auto-inhibition by internal K63-Ub chains to loss of damage site ubiquitin recognition. These findings identify RAP80 and BRCC36 as autologous DUB substrates in the BRCA1-A complex, thus explaining the evolution of matching ubiquitin-binding and hydrolysis activities within a single macromolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martina Foglizzo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yaroslav I. Morozov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vaughn Thada
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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15
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Patra SK, Szyf M. Epigenetic perspectives of COVID-19: Virus infection to disease progression and therapeutic control. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166527. [PMID: 36002132 PMCID: PMC9393109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused numerous deaths as well as imposed social isolation and upheaval world-wide. Although, the genome and the composition of the virus, the entry process and replication mechanisms are well investigated from by several laboratories across the world, there are many unknown remaining questions. For example, what are the functions of membrane lipids during entry, packaging and exit of virus particles? Also, the metabolic aspects of the infected tissue cells are poorly understood. In the course of virus replication and formation of virus particles within the host cell, the enhanced metabolic activities of the host is directly proportional to viral loads. The epigenetic landscape of the host cells is also altered, particularly the expression/repression of genes associated with cellular metabolism as well as cellular processes that are antagonistic to the virus. Metabolic pathways are enzyme driven processes and the expression profile and mechanism of regulations of the respective genes encoding those enzymes during the course of pathogen invasion might be highly informative on the course of the disease. Recently, the metabolic profile of the patients' sera have been analysed from few patients. In view of this, and to gain further insights into the roles that epigenetic mechanisms might play in this scenario in regulation of metabolic pathways during the progression of COVID-19 are discussed and summarised in this contribution for ensuring best therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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16
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Structural and Functional Basis of JAMM Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070910. [PMID: 35883466 PMCID: PMC9313428 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a group of proteases that are important for maintaining cell homeostasis by regulating the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination. As the only known metalloproteinase family of DUBs, JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzymes (JAMMs) are specifically associated with tumorigenesis and immunological and inflammatory diseases at multiple levels. The far smaller numbers and distinct catalytic mechanism of JAMMs render them attractive drug targets. Currently, several JAMM inhibitors have been successfully developed and have shown promising therapeutic efficacy. To gain greater insight into JAMMs, in this review, we focus on several key proteins in this family, including AMSH, AMSH-LP, BRCC36, Rpn11, and CSN5, and emphatically discuss their structural basis, diverse functions, catalytic mechanism, and current reported inhibitors targeting JAMMs. These advances set the stage for the exploitation of JAMMs as a target for the treatment of various diseases.
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17
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Estavoyer B, Messmer C, Echbicheb M, Rudd CE, Milot E, Affar EB. Mechanisms orchestrating the enzymatic activity and cellular functions of deubiquitinases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102198. [PMID: 35764170 PMCID: PMC9356280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are required for the reverse reaction of ubiquitination and act as major regulators of ubiquitin signaling processes. Emerging evidence suggests that these enzymes are regulated at multiple levels in order to ensure proper and timely substrate targeting and to prevent the adverse consequences of promiscuous deubiquitination. The importance of DUB regulation is highlighted by disease-associated mutations that inhibit or activate DUBs, deregulating their ability to coordinate cellular processes. Here, we describe the diverse mechanisms governing protein stability, enzymatic activity, and function of DUBs. In particular, we outline how DUBs are regulated by their protein domains and interacting partners. Intramolecular interactions can promote protein stability of DUBs, influence their subcellular localization, and/or modulate their enzymatic activity. Remarkably, these intramolecular interactions can induce self-deubiquitination to counteract DUB ubiquitination by cognate E3 ubiquitin ligases. In addition to intramolecular interactions, DUBs can also oligomerize and interact with a wide variety of cellular proteins, thereby forming obligate or facultative complexes that regulate their enzymatic activity and function. The importance of signaling and post-translational modifications in the integrated control of DUB function will also be discussed. While several DUBs are described with respect to the multiple layers of their regulation, the tumor suppressor BAP1 will be outlined as a model enzyme whose localization, stability, enzymatic activity, and substrate recognition are highly orchestrated by interacting partners and post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Estavoyer
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling and Cancer, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, H1T 2M4, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Clémence Messmer
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling and Cancer, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, H1T 2M4, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Echbicheb
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling and Cancer, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, H1T 2M4, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling in Immunotherapy, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, H1T 2M4, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Milot
- Laboratory for Malignant Hematopoiesis and Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, H1T 2M4, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
| | - El Bachir Affar
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling and Cancer, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, H1T 2M4, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada.
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18
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Lin H, Hu P, Zhang H, Deng Y, Yang Z, Zhang L. GATA2-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of Notch3 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Liver Metastasis. Mol Cells 2022; 45:329-342. [PMID: 35534193 PMCID: PMC9095506 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the predominant metastatic site for pancreatic cancer. However, the factors that determine the liver metastasis and the specific molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we used human pancreatic cancer cell line Hs766T to establish Hs766T-L3, a subline of Hs766T with stable liver metastatic ability. We performed RNA sequencing of Hs766T-L3 and its parental cell line Hs766T, and revealed huge differences in gene expression patterns and pathway activation between these two cell lines. We correlated the difference in pathway activation with the expression of the four core transcriptional factors including STAT1, NR2F2, GATA2, and SMAD4. Using the TCGA database, we examined the relative expression of these transcription factors (TFs) in pan-cancer and their relationship with the prognosis of the pancreatic cancer. Among these TFs, we considered GATA2 is closely involved in tumor metastasis and may serve as a potential metastatic driver. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that GATA2-mediated transcriptional activation of Notch3 promotes the liver metastasis of Hs766T-L3, and knockdown of either GATA2 or Notch3 reduces the metastatic ability of Hs766T-L3. Therefore, we claim that GATA2 may serve as a metastatic driver of pancreatic cancer and a potential therapeutic target to treat liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Leida Zhang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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19
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Deubiquitinases in cell death and inflammation. Biochem J 2022; 479:1103-1119. [PMID: 35608338 PMCID: PMC9162465 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are distinct forms of programmed cell death that eliminate infected, damaged, or obsolete cells. Many proteins that regulate or are a part of the cell death machinery undergo ubiquitination, a post-translational modification made by ubiquitin ligases that modulates protein abundance, localization, and/or activity. For example, some ubiquitin chains target proteins for degradation, while others function as scaffolds for the assembly of signaling complexes. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are the proteases that counteract ubiquitin ligases by cleaving ubiquitin from their protein substrates. Here, we review the DUBs that have been found to suppress or promote apoptosis, pyroptosis, or necroptosis.
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20
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Lange SM, Armstrong LA, Kulathu Y. Deubiquitinases: From mechanisms to their inhibition by small molecules. Mol Cell 2021; 82:15-29. [PMID: 34813758 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are specialized proteases that remove ubiquitin from substrates or cleave within ubiquitin chains to regulate ubiquitylation and therefore play important roles in eukaryotic biology. Dysregulation of DUBs is implicated in several human diseases, highlighting the importance of DUB function. In addition, many pathogenic bacteria and viruses encode and deploy DUBs to manipulate host immune responses and establish infectious diseases in humans and animals. Hence, therapeutic targeting of DUBs is an increasingly explored area that requires an in-depth mechanistic understanding of human and pathogenic DUBs. In this review, we summarize the multiple layers of regulation that control autoinhibition, activation, and substrate specificity of DUBs. We discuss different strategies to inhibit DUBs and the progress in developing selective small-molecule DUB inhibitors. Finally, we propose a classification system of DUB inhibitors based on their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M Lange
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lee A Armstrong
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Yogesh Kulathu
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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21
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Spizzichino S, Boi D, Boumis G, Lucchi R, Liberati FR, Capelli D, Montanari R, Pochetti G, Piacentini R, Parisi G, Paone A, Rinaldo S, Contestabile R, Tramonti A, Paiardini A, Giardina G, Cutruzzolà F. Cytosolic localization and in vitro assembly of human de novo thymidylate synthesis complex. FEBS J 2021; 289:1625-1649. [PMID: 34694685 PMCID: PMC9299187 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
De novo thymidylate synthesis is a crucial pathway for normal and cancer cells. Deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is synthesized by the combined action of three enzymes: serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS), with the latter two being targets of widely used chemotherapeutics such as antifolates and 5‐fluorouracil. These proteins translocate to the nucleus after SUMOylation and are suggested to assemble in this compartment into the thymidylate synthesis complex. We report the intracellular dynamics of the complex in cancer cells by an in situ proximity ligation assay, showing that it is also detected in the cytoplasm. This result indicates that the role of the thymidylate synthesis complex assembly may go beyond dTMP synthesis. We have successfully assembled the dTMP synthesis complex in vitro, employing tetrameric SHMT1 and a bifunctional chimeric enzyme comprising human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. We show that the SHMT1 tetrameric state is required for efficient complex assembly, indicating that this aggregation state is evolutionarily selected in eukaryotes to optimize protein–protein interactions. Lastly, our results regarding the activity of the complete thymidylate cycle in vitro may provide a useful tool with respect to developing drugs targeting the entire complex instead of the individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Spizzichino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dalila Boi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boumis
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucchi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Capelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Montanari
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pochetti
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Piacentini
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parisi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angela Tramonti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Giardina
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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22
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Guo Y, Liu Q, Mallette E, Caba C, Hou F, Fux J, LaPlante G, Dong A, Zhang Q, Zheng H, Tong Y, Zhang W. Structural and functional characterization of ubiquitin variant inhibitors for the JAMM-family deubiquitinases STAMBP and STAMBPL1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101107. [PMID: 34425109 PMCID: PMC8449267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a crucial posttranslational protein modification involved in a myriad of biological pathways. This modification is reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs) that deconjugate the single ubiquitin (Ub) moiety or poly-Ub chains from substrates. In the past decade, tremendous efforts have been focused on targeting DUBs for drug discovery. However, most chemical compounds with inhibitory activity for DUBs suffer from mild potency and low selectivity. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a phage display-based protein engineering strategy for generating Ub variant (UbV) inhibitors, which was previously successfully applied to the Ub-specific protease (USP) family of cysteine proteases. In this work, we leveraged the UbV platform to selectively target STAMBP, a member of the JAB1/MPN/MOV34 (JAMM) metalloprotease family of DUB enzymes. We identified two UbVs (UbVSP.1 and UbVSP.3) that bind to STAMBP with high affinity but differ in their selectivity for the closely related paralog STAMBPL1. We determined the STAMBPL1-UbVSP.1 complex structure by X-ray crystallography, revealing hotspots of the JAMM-UbV interaction. Finally, we show that UbVSP.1 and UbVSP.3 are potent inhibitors of STAMBP isopeptidase activity, far exceeding the reported small-molecule inhibitor BC-1471. This work demonstrates that UbV technology is suitable to develop molecules as tools to target metalloproteases, which can be used to further understand the cellular function of JAMM family DUBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Guo
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong, China; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Evan Mallette
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Cody Caba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - Feng Hou
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia Fux
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Gabriel LaPlante
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Aiping Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hui Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Tong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada; CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.
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23
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Stach K, Stach W, Augoff K. Vitamin B6 in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:3229. [PMID: 34579110 PMCID: PMC8467949 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is a fascinating molecule involved in the vast majority of changes in the human body because it is a coenzyme involved in over 150 biochemical reactions. It is active in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids, and participates in cellular signaling. It is an antioxidant and a compound with the ability to lower the advanced glycation end products (AGE) level. In this review, we briefly summarize its involvement in biochemical pathways and consider whether its deficiency may be associated with various diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, or the prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Stach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Stach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Surgical Education, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-668 Wroclaw, Poland;
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24
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Zeng Y, Zhang J, Xu M, Chen F, Zi R, Yue J, Zhang Y, Chen N, Chin YE. Roles of Mitochondrial Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) in Human Carcinogenesis. J Cancer 2021; 12:5888-5894. [PMID: 34476002 PMCID: PMC8408114 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, cellular metabolic reprogramming has been acknowledged as a hallmark of human cancer and evaluated for its crucial role in supporting the proliferation and survival of human cancer cells. In a variety of human tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a large amount of carbon is reused in serine/glycine biosynthesis, accompanied by higher expression of the key glycine synthetic enzyme mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2). This enzyme can convert serine into glycine and a tetrahydrofolate-bound one-carbon unit, ultimately supporting thymidine synthesis and purine synthesis and promoting tumour growth. In tumour samples, elevated expression of SHMT2 was found to be associated with poor prognosis. In this review, the pivotal roles of SHMT2 in human carcinogenesis are described, highlighting the underlying regulatory mechanisms through promotion of tumour progression. In conclusion, SHMT2 may serve as a prognostic marker and a target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxian Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruidong Zi
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jicheng Yue
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Metformin Is a Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-Competitive Inhibitor of SHMT2. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164009. [PMID: 34439169 PMCID: PMC8393646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mitochondrial enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2), which converts serine into glycine and generates 1C units for cell growth, is one of the most consistently overexpressed metabolic enzymes in cancer. Here, we reveal that the anti-diabetic biguanide metformin operates as a novel class of non-catalytic SHMT2 inhibitor that disrupts the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent SHMT2 oligomerization process and ultimately SHMT2 activity. As SHMT2 inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic, these findings may aid the rational design of PLP-competitive SHMT2 inhibitors based on the biguanide skeleton of metformin. Abstract The anticancer actions of the biguanide metformin involve the functioning of the serine/glycine one-carbon metabolic network. We report that metformin directly and specifically targets the enzymatic activity of mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2). In vitro competitive binding assays with human recombinant SHMT1 and SHMT2 isoforms revealed that metformin preferentially inhibits SHMT2 activity by a non-catalytic mechanism. Computational docking coupled with molecular dynamics simulation predicted that metformin could occupy the cofactor pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) cavity and destabilize the formation of catalytically active SHMT2 oligomers. Differential scanning fluorimetry-based biophysical screening confirmed that metformin diminishes the capacity of PLP to promote the conversion of SHMT2 from an inactive, open state to a highly ordered, catalytically competent closed state. CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of SHMT2, but not of SHMT1, prevented metformin from inhibiting total SHMT activity in cancer cell lines. Isotope tracing studies in SHMT1 knock-out cells confirmed that metformin decreased the SHMT2-channeled serine-to-formate flux and restricted the formate utilization in thymidylate synthesis upon overexpression of the metformin-unresponsive yeast equivalent of mitochondrial complex I (mCI). While maintaining its capacity to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, metformin lost its cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity in SHMT2-null cancer cells unable to produce energy-rich NADH or FADH2 molecules from tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites. As currently available SHMT2 inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic, our current data establishing the structural and mechanistic bases of metformin as a small-molecule, PLP-competitive inhibitor of the SHMT2 activating oligomerization should benefit future discovery of biguanide skeleton-based novel SHMT2 inhibitors in cancer prevention and treatment.
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26
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Komaniecki G, Lin H. Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717503. [PMID: 34368168 PMCID: PMC8339906 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational acylation of lysine side chains is a common mechanism of protein regulation. Modification by long-chain fatty acyl groups is an understudied form of lysine acylation that has gained increasing attention recently due to the characterization of enzymes that catalyze the addition and removal this modification. In this review we summarize what has been learned about lysine fatty acylation in the approximately 30 years since its initial discovery. We report on what is known about the enzymes that regulate lysine fatty acylation and their physiological functions, including tumorigenesis and bacterial pathogenesis. We also cover the effect of lysine fatty acylation on reported substrates. Generally, lysine fatty acylation increases the affinity of proteins for specific cellular membranes, but the physiological outcome depends greatly on the molecular context. Finally, we will go over the experimental tools that have been used to study lysine fatty acylation. While much has been learned about lysine fatty acylation since its initial discovery, the full scope of its biological function has yet to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrison Komaniecki
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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27
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Gorda B, Toelzer C, Aulicino F, Berger I. The MultiBac BEVS: Basics, applications, performance and recent developments. Methods Enzymol 2021; 660:129-154. [PMID: 34742385 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) delivers high yield heterologous protein expression and is widely used in academic and industrial R&D. The proteins produced enable many applications including structure/function analysis, drug screening and manufacture of protein therapeutics. Vital cellular functions are controlled by multi-protein complexes, MultiBac, a BEVS specifically designed for heterologous multigene delivery and expression, has unlocked many of these machines to atomic resolution studies. Baculovirus can accommodate very large foreign DNA cargo for faithful delivery into a target host cell, tissue or organism. Engineered MultiBac variants exploit this valuable feature for delivery of customized multifunctional DNA circuitry in mammalian cells and for production of virus-like particles for vaccines manufacture. Here, latest developments and applications of the MultiBac system are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gorda
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Toelzer
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Berger
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom; Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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28
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Xie M, Pei DS. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2: a novel target for human cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1671-1681. [PMID: 34215932 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serine and glycine are the primary sources of one-carbon units that are vital for cell proliferation. Their abnormal metabolism is known to be associated with cancer progression. As the key enzyme of serine metabolism, Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) has been a research hotspot in recent years. SHMT2 is a PLP-dependent tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transition from serine to glycine, thus promoting the production of one-carbon units that are indispensable for cell growth and regulation of the redox and epigenetic states of cells. Under a hypoxic environment, SHMT2 can be upregulated and could promote the generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione for maintaining the redox balance. Accumulating evidence confirmed that SHMT2 facilitates cell proliferation and tumor growth and is tightly associated with poor prognosis. In this review, we present insights into the function and research development of SHMT2 and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms of SHMT2 in promoting tumor growth, in the hope that it could provide clues to more effective clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Amino acid metabolism and signalling pathways: potential targets in the control of infection and immunity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1319-1327. [PMID: 34163018 PMCID: PMC8220356 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defences to pathogens such as SarCoV2 in mammals involves interactions between immune functions and metabolic pathways to eradicate infection while preventing hyperinflammation. Amino acid metabolic pathways represent with other antimicrobial agent potential targets for therapeutic strategies. iNOS-mediated production of NO from Arg is involved in the innate inflammatory response to pathogens and NO overproduction can induce hyperinflammation. The two Arg- and Trp-catabolising enzymes Arg1 and IDO1 reduce the hyperinflammation by an immunosuppressive effect via either Arg starvation (for Arg1) or via the immunoregulatory activity of the Trp-derived metabolites Kyn (for IDO1). In response to amino acid abundance mTOR activates the host protein translation and Coronaviruses use this machinery for their own protein synthesis and replication. In contrast GCN2, the sensor of amino acid starvation, activates pathways that restrict inflammation and viral replication. Gln depletion alters the immune response that become more suppressive, by favouring a regulatory T phenotype rather than a Th1 phenotype. Proliferating activated immune cells are highly dependent on Ser, activation and differentiation of T cells need enough Ser and dietary Ser restriction can inhibit their proliferation. Cys is strictly required for T-cell proliferation because they cannot convert Met to Cys. Restricting Met inhibits both viral RNA cap methylation and replication, and the proliferation of infected cells with an increased requirement for Met. Phe catabolism produces antimicrobial metabolites resulting in the inhibition of microbial growth and an immunosuppressive activity towards T lymphocytes.
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30
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Tomé D. Amino acid metabolism and signalling pathways: potential targets in the control of infection and immunity. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 34168115 PMCID: PMC8223530 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defences to pathogens such as SarCoV2 in mammals involves interactions between immune functions and metabolic pathways to eradicate infection while preventing hyperinflammation. Amino acid metabolic pathways represent with other antimicrobial agent potential targets for therapeutic strategies. iNOS-mediated production of NO from Arg is involved in the innate inflammatory response to pathogens and NO overproduction can induce hyperinflammation. The two Arg-catabolising enzymes Arg1 and IDO1 reduce the hyperinflammation by an immunosuppressive effect via either Arg starvation (for Arg1) or via the immunoregulatory activity of the Arg-derived metabolites Kyn (for IDO1). In response to amino acid abundance mTOR activates the host protein translation and Coronaviruses use this machinery for their own protein synthesis and replication. In contrast GCN2, the sensor of amino acid starvation, activates pathways that restrict inflammation and viral replication. Gln depletion alters the immune response that become more suppressive, by favouring a regulatory T phenotype rather than a Th1 phenotype. Proliferating activated immune cells are highly dependent on Ser, activation and differentiation of T cells need enough Ser and dietary Ser restriction can inhibit their proliferation. Cys is strictly required for T-cell proliferation because they cannot convert Met to Cys. Restricting Met inhibits both viral RNA cap methylation and replication, and the proliferation of infected cells with an increased requirement for Met. Phe catabolism produces antimicrobial metabolites resulting in the inhibition of microbial growth and an immunosuppressive activity towards T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tomé
- grid.417885.70000 0001 2185 8223UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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31
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Chen J, Na R, Xiao C, Wang X, Wang Y, Yan D, Song G, Liu X, Chen J, Lu H, Chen C, Tang H, Zhuang G, Fan G, Peng Z. The loss of SHMT2 mediates 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by upregulating autophagy. Oncogene 2021; 40:3974-3988. [PMID: 33990700 PMCID: PMC8195740 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) but is hampered by chemoresistance. Despite its impact on patient survival, the mechanism underlying chemoresistance against 5-FU remains poorly understood. Here, we identified serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) as a critical regulator of 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC. SHMT2 inhibits autophagy by binding cytosolic p53 instead of metabolism. SHMT2 prevents cytosolic p53 degradation by inhibiting the binding of p53 and HDM2. Under 5-FU treatment, SHMT2 depletion promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis. Autophagy inhibitors decrease low SHMT2-induced 5-FU resistance in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the lethality of 5-FU treatment to CRC cells was enhanced by treatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in patient-derived and CRC cell xenograft models. Taken together, our findings indicate that autophagy induced by low SHMT2 levels mediates 5-FU resistance in CRC. These results reveal the SHMT2-p53 interaction as a novel therapeutic target and provide a potential opportunity to reduce chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Risi Na
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Hua Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohe Song
- Department of General Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueni Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Guangjian Fan
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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32
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Identification of SHMT2 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlating with Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6647122. [PMID: 33928169 PMCID: PMC8049788 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has attracted growing attention that the role of serine hydroxy methyl transferase 2 (SHMT2) in various types of cancers. However, the prognostic role of SHMT2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its relationship with immune cell infiltration is not clear. In this study, the information of mRNA expression and clinic data in LUAD were, respectively, downloaded from the GEO and TCGA database. We conducted a biological analysis to select the signature gene SHMT2. Online databases including Oncomine, GEPIA, TISIDB, TIMER, and HPA were applied to analyze the characterization of SHMT2 expression, prognosis, and the correlation with immune infiltration in LUAD. The mRNA expression and protein expression of SHMT2 in LUAD tissues were higher than in normal tissue. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with lower expression level of SHMT2 had a better overall survival rate. Multivariate analysis and the Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that SHMT2 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with LUAD. Meanwhile, the gene SHMT2 was highly associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in LUAD. These results suggest that the SHMT2 gene is a promising candidate as a potential prognostic biomarker and highly associated with different types of immune cell infiltration in LUAD.
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Laroche M, Couture G, Faruch M, Ruyssen-Witrand A, Porquet-Bordes V, Salles JP, Degboe Y. Hypophosphatasia: A Case of Two Patients With Spinal Cord Compression From Increase in Ligamentous Ossifications During Treatment. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10449. [PMID: 33869986 PMCID: PMC8046109 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with asfotase alfa has transformed the prognosis of hypophosphatasia in children and improves the bone and muscle signs in adults. The doses used in adults are the same as in children, whereas bone remodeling is different between them. We report on the cases of two patients treated with 1 mg/kg/day of asfotase alfa who developed spinal cord compression from spinal ossifications during treatment. The first patient, 50 years old, presented after 2 years of treatment with quadraparesis secondary to an increase in ossifications of the cervical vertebral ligaments. The neurological damage was resolved after laminectomy, and the patient was then treated for 18 months with doses of 80 mg per week, without recurrence of the bone and muscle signs. The second patient, 26 years old, 78 kg, developed pain and cervical stiffness with pyramidal tract irritation secondary to ossifications of the vertebral ligaments. This improved with a reduction of doses to 80 mg/week, which then, after 6 months of follow‐up, enabled maintained improvement of the bone and muscle pain that was initially obtained. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of increased spinal ligamentous ossifications with neurological complications. Biological monitoring in adults does not seem to enable asfotase alfa doses to be adjusted. The levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) while on the recommended treatment of 1 mg/kg/day are significantly supraphysiological (5000 to 20,000 IU) and the assays of pyrophosphate and pyridoxal phosphate are not correlated with clinical efficacy. In both of our patients, the treatment with 80 mg of asfotase alfa per week, which was proposed after the occurrence of spinal complications, seemed as effective, after a follow‐up of 18 months and 6 months, as the initial treatment for improving the bone and muscle signs, and could be provided as “attack” doses after healing of the pseudoarthroses. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Laroche
- Centre de Rhumatologie du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse [Rheumatology Center of Toulouse University Hospital] Toulouse France
| | - Guillaume Couture
- Centre de Rhumatologie du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse [Rheumatology Center of Toulouse University Hospital] Toulouse France
| | - Marie Faruch
- Service de Radiologie du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse [Department of Radiology of Toulouse University Hospital] Toulouse France
| | - Adeline Ruyssen-Witrand
- Centre de Rhumatologie du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse [Rheumatology Center of Toulouse University Hospital] Toulouse France
| | - Valérie Porquet-Bordes
- Endocrinologie, Maladies Osseuses, Hôpital des Enfants, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et Phosphate, European Reference Network on rare bone diseases, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Jean Pierre Salles
- Endocrinologie, Maladies Osseuses, Hôpital des Enfants, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et Phosphate, European Reference Network on rare bone diseases, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse Toulouse France.,INSERM UMR 1043 CNRS5825, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Centre de Physiopathology Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Yannick Degboe
- Centre de Rhumatologie du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse [Rheumatology Center of Toulouse University Hospital] Toulouse France.,INSERM UMR 1043 CNRS5825, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Centre de Physiopathology Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
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Cuthbertson CR, Arabzada Z, Bankhead A, Kyani A, Neamati N. A Review of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of One-Carbon Enzymes: SHMT2 and MTHFD2 in the Spotlight. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:624-646. [PMID: 33860190 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key hallmark of cancer and shifts cellular metabolism to meet the demands of biomass production necessary for abnormal cell reproduction. One-carbon metabolism (1CM) contributes to many biosynthetic pathways that fuel growth and is comprised of a complex network of enzymes. Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil were pioneering drugs in this field and are still widely used today as anticancer agents as well as for other diseases such as arthritis. Besides dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase, two other enzymes of the folate cycle arm of 1CM have not been targeted clinically: serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD). An increasing body of literature suggests that the mitochondrial isoforms of these enzymes (SHMT2 and MTHFD2) are clinically relevant in the context of cancer. In this review, we focused on the 1CM pathway as a target for cancer therapy and, in particular, SHMT2 and MTHFD2. The function, regulation, and clinical relevance of SHMT2 and MTHFD2 are all discussed. We expand on previous clinical studies and evaluate the prognostic significance of these critical enzymes by performing a pan-cancer analysis of patient data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas and a transcriptional coexpression network enrichment analysis. We also provide an overview of preclinical and clinical inhibitors targeting the folate pathway, the methionine cycle, and folate-dependent purine biosynthesis enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Cuthbertson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zahra Arabzada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Kono M, Yoshida N, Tsokos GC. Amino Acid Metabolism in Lupus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623844. [PMID: 33692797 PMCID: PMC7938307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell metabolism is central to cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and aberrations have been linked to the pathophysiology of systemic autoimmune diseases. Besides glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation/synthesis, amino acid metabolism is also crucial in T cell metabolism. It appears that each T cell subset favors a unique metabolic process and that metabolic reprogramming changes cell fate. Here, we review the mechanisms whereby amino acid transport and metabolism affects T cell activation, differentiation and function in T cells in the prototype systemic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus. New insights in amino acid handling by T cells should guide approaches to correct T cell abnormalities and disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Kono
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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36
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Ota T, Senoo A, Shirakawa M, Nonaka H, Saito Y, Ito S, Ueno G, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Sando S. Structural basis for selective inhibition of human serine hydroxymethyltransferase by secondary bile acid conjugate. iScience 2021; 24:102036. [PMID: 33521601 PMCID: PMC7820547 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are metabolites of cholesterol that facilitate lipid digestion and absorption in the small bowel. Bile acids work as agonists of receptors to regulate their own metabolism. Bile acids also regulate other biological systems such as sugar metabolism, intestinal multidrug resistance, and adaptive immunity. However, numerous physiological roles of bile acids remain undetermined. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of human serine hydroxymethyltransferase (hSHMT) in complex with an endogenous secondary bile acid glycine conjugate. The specific interaction between hSHMT and the ligand was demonstrated using mutational analyses, biophysical measurements, and structure-activity relationship studies, suggesting that secondary bile acid conjugates may act as modulators of SHMT activity. The crystal structures of hSHMT in complex with secondary bile acid glycine conjugate Specific interactions between hSHMT and secondary bile acid conjugate were validated Biological role of bile acids as modulators for one-carbon metabolism is suggested
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ota
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akinobu Senoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masumi Shirakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaro Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sho Ito
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
- ROD (Single Crystal Analysis) Group, Application Laboratories, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Go Ueno
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Corresponding author
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Geeraerts SL, Heylen E, De Keersmaecker K, Kampen KR. The ins and outs of serine and glycine metabolism in cancer. Nat Metab 2021; 3:131-141. [PMID: 33510397 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogramme their metabolism to support unrestrained proliferation and survival in nutrient-poor conditions. Whereas non-transformed cells often have lower demands for serine and glycine, several cancer subtypes hyperactivate intracellular serine and glycine synthesis and become addicted to de novo production. Copy-number amplifications of serine- and glycine-synthesis genes and genetic alterations in common oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes enhance serine and glycine synthesis, resulting in high production and secretion of these oncogenesis-supportive metabolites. In this Review, we discuss the contribution of serine and glycine synthesis to cancer progression. By relying on de novo synthesis pathways, cancer cells are able to enhance macromolecule synthesis, neutralize high levels of oxidative stress and regulate methylation and tRNA formylation. Furthermore, we discuss the immunosuppressive potential of serine and glycine, and the essentiality of both amino acids to promoting survival of non-transformed neighbouring cells. Finally, we point to the emerging data proposing moonlighting functions of serine- and glycine-synthesis enzymes and examine promising small molecules targeting serine and glycine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauni L Geeraerts
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien Heylen
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kim R Kampen
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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38
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Liu C, Wang L, Liu X, Tan Y, Tao L, Xiao Y, Deng P, Wang H, Deng Q, Lin Y, Jie H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Peng Y, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Sun Q, Cen X, Zhao Y. Cytoplasmic SHMT2 drives the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer by inhibiting β-catenin degradation. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2966-2986. [PMID: 33456583 PMCID: PMC7806468 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) plays a critical role in serine-glycine metabolism to drive cancer cell proliferation. However, the nonmetabolic function of SHMT2 in tumorigenesis, especially in human colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, remains largely unclear. Methods: SHMT2 expression in human CRC cells was identified by western blot and immunofluorescence assay. The CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion after SHMT2 knockdown or overexpression were explored through in vitro and in vivo assays. Immunofluorescence, mRNA-seq, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and immunohistochemistry assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind the SHMT2 nonmetabolic function. Results: We demonstrated that SHMT2 was distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of human CRC cells. SHMT2 knockdown resulted in the significant inhibition of CRC cell proliferation, which was not restored by serine, glycine, or formate supplementation. The invasion and migration of CRC cells were suppressed after SHMT2 knockdown. Mechanistically, SHMT2 interacted with β-catenin in the cytoplasm. This interaction inhibited the ubiquitylation-mediated degradation of β-catenin and subsequently modulated the expression of its target genes, leading to the promotion of CRC cell proliferation and metastasis. Notably, the lysine 64 residue on SHMT2 (SHMT2K64) mediated its interaction with β-catenin. Moreover, transcription factor TCF4 interacted with β-catenin, which in turn increased SHMT2 expression, forming an SHMT2/β-catenin positive feedback loop. In vivo xenograft experiments confirmed that SHMT2 promoted the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. Finally, the level of SHMT2 was found to be significantly increased in human CRC tissues. The SHMT2 level was correlated with an increased level of β-catenin, associated with CRC progression and predicted poor patient survival. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings reveal a novel nonmetabolic function of SHMT2 in which it stabilizes β-catenin to prevent its ubiquitylation-mediated degradation and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC therapy.
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39
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Impairment of the mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism enzyme SHMT2 causes a novel brain and heart developmental syndrome. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:971-975. [PMID: 33015733 PMCID: PMC7665968 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Wu Q, Chen X, Li J, Sun S. Serine and Metabolism Regulation: A Novel Mechanism in Antitumor Immunity and Senescence. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1640-1653. [PMID: 33269112 PMCID: PMC7673844 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), serine is involved in the anabolism of multiple macromolecular substances by participating in one-carbon unit metabolism. Thus, rapidly proliferating cells such as tumor cells and activated immune cells are highly dependent on serine. Serine supports the proliferation of various immune cells through multiple pathways to enhance the antitumor immune response. Moreover, serine influences aging specificity in an epigenetic and metabolic manner. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the relationship between serine metabolism, antitumor immunity, and senescence. The metabolic regulation of serine seems to be a key point of intervention in antitumor immunity and aging-related disease, providing an opportunity for several novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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41
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Zhang W, Tao SS, Wang T, Zhang J, Liu X, Li YT, Chen H, Zhan YQ, Yu M, Ge CH, Li CY, Ren GM, Yang XM, Yin RH. ABRO1 stabilizes the deubiquitinase BRCC3 through inhibiting its degradation mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:169-182. [PMID: 33107021 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3) is a lysine 63-specific deubiquitinase involved in multiple biological processes, such as DNA repair and immune responses. However, the regulation mechanism for BRCC3 protein stability is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BRCC3 is mainly degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 modulates BRCC3 ubiquitination and degradation. ABRO1, a subunit of the BRCC36 isopeptidase complex (BRISC), competes with WWP2 to bind to BRCC3, thereby preventing WWP2-mediated BRCC3 ubiquitination and enhancing BRCC3 stability. Functionally, we show that lentivirus-mediated overexpression of WWP2 in murine macrophages inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by decreasing BRCC3 protein level. This study provides the first insights into the regulation of BRCC3 stability and expands our knowledge about the physiological function of WWP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Shou-Song Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | | | - Chang-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Guang-Ming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
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Mayengbam S, Chleilat F, Reimer RA. Dietary Vitamin B6 Deficiency Impairs Gut Microbiota and Host and Microbial Metabolites in Rats. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110469. [PMID: 33147768 PMCID: PMC7693528 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions but bacteria-produced vitamin B6 is not sufficient to meet host requirements. Our objective was to assess the impact of diet-derived vitamin B6 on gut microbiota and host serum metabolomics. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 47) were fed a control, low B6 (LB6) or high B6 (HB6) diet for six weeks. Serum and cecal samples were collected for biochemical, metabolomics and gut microbiota profiling. There was a significant sex effect for gut microbiota and several metabolic markers. Bodyweight and percent body fat were significantly reduced in LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. Microbial beta-diversity differed significantly between LB6 and the control and HB6 rats in both sexes. Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bacteroides were the primary taxa driving the difference between LB6 and control. There was a significant separation of cecal and serum metabolites of LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. In the cecum, arginine biosynthesis was impaired, while vitamin B6 metabolism, lysine degradation and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were impaired in serum metabolite profiles. Cecal propionate and butyrate were significantly reduced in LB6 rats irrespective of sex. Host vitamin B6 deficiency but not excess significantly alters gut microbial composition and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamchand Mayengbam
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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43
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Rabl J. BRCA1-A and BRISC: Multifunctional Molecular Machines for Ubiquitin Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111503. [PMID: 33142801 PMCID: PMC7692841 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The K63-linkage specific deubiquitinase BRCC36 forms the core of two multi-subunit deubiquitination complexes: BRCA1-A and BRISC. BRCA1-A is recruited to DNA repair foci, edits ubiquitin signals on chromatin, and sequesters BRCA1 away from the site of damage, suppressing homologous recombination by limiting resection. BRISC forms a complex with metabolic enzyme SHMT2 and regulates the immune response, mitosis, and hematopoiesis. Almost two decades of research have revealed how BRCA1-A and BRISC use the same core of subunits to perform very distinct biological tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Rabl
- Cryo-EM Knowledge Hub, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, HPM C51, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Dekhne AS, Hou Z, Gangjee A, Matherly LH. Therapeutic Targeting of Mitochondrial One-Carbon Metabolism in Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2245-2255. [PMID: 32879053 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One-carbon (1C) metabolism encompasses folate-mediated 1C transfer reactions and related processes, including nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, antioxidant regeneration, and epigenetic regulation. 1C pathways are compartmentalized in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus. 1C metabolism in the cytosol has been an important therapeutic target for cancer since the inception of modern chemotherapy, and "antifolates" targeting cytosolic 1C pathways continue to be a mainstay of the chemotherapy armamentarium for cancer. Recent insights into the complexities of 1C metabolism in cancer cells, including the critical role of the mitochondrial 1C pathway as a source of 1C units, glycine, reducing equivalents, and ATP, have spurred the discovery of novel compounds that target these reactions, with particular focus on 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 and serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2. In this review, we discuss key aspects of 1C metabolism, with emphasis on the importance of mitochondrial 1C metabolism to metabolic homeostasis, its relationship with the oncogenic phenotype, and its therapeutic potential for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamod S Dekhne
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
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Cheng Q, Feng Q, Xu Y, Zuo Y, Liu J, Yuan Y, Miao Y, Liu Y, Lei L, Guo T, Zhang L, Wu D, Zheng H. BRCC36 functions noncatalytically to promote antiviral response by maintaining STAT1 protein stability. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:296-310. [PMID: 32673428 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection is a serious threat to both normal population and clinical patients. STAT1 plays central roles in host defense against viral infection. How STAT1 protein maintains stable in different conditions remains largely unknown. Here, we identified BRCC36 as a potent regulator of STAT1 protein stability. Mechanistically, BRCC36 maintains STAT1 levels by utilizing USP13 to form a balanced complex for antagonizing Smurf1-mediated degradation. Importantly, cellular BRCC36 deficiency results in rapid downregulation of STAT1 during viral infection, whereas a supplement of BRCC36 maintains STAT1 protein levels and host antiviral immunity in vivo. Moreover, we revealed that BRCC36 expression was downregulated in allogeneic HSC transplantation (allo-HSCT) mice that showed increased susceptibility to viral infection. Supplementing BRCC36 enhanced antiviral response of allo-HSCT mice by maintaining STAT1 stability. This study uncovers a critical role of BRCC36 in STAT1 protein stability and could provide potential strategies for enhancing clinical antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yibo Zuo
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Pruimboom L. Methylation Pathways and SARS-CoV-2 Lung Infiltration and Cell Membrane-Virus Fusion Are Both Subject to Epigenetics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:290. [PMID: 32574283 PMCID: PMC7265211 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affects all kinds of individuals worldwide. The health, social, and economic impacts of the pandemic are dramatic, and vaccines or specific treatment options are not yet available. The only approaches that we currently have available to stop the epidemic are those of classical epidemic control, such as case isolation, contact tracing and quarantine, physical distancing, and hygiene measures. It is therefore essential to find further preventive measures and possible interventions that can slow down the number of infected individuals and decrease the severity of disease when affected by SARS-CoV-2. It seems that epigenetic mechanisms are an important part of the pathophysiology and illness severity of COVID-19. These mechanisms have been identified in SARS-CoV-2 but also in other viral infections. If and when these mechanisms are confirmed, then epigenetic interventions influencing DNA methylation could be indicated as primary and/or secondary preventive options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Pruimboom
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Salus Infirmorum, Pontifice University of Salamanca, Madrid, Spain.,PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
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Banihani SA, Aljabali SM. Seminal plasma vitamin B 6 levels in men with asthenozoospermia and men with normal sperm motility, a measurement using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13556. [PMID: 32129519 DOI: 10.1111/and.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that vitamin B6 has a valuable contribution in maintaining normal sperm parameters; however, this contribution has not yet well-identified. Here, we aimed to measure the level of seminal plasma vitamin B6 in men with asthenozoospermia compared to men with normal sperm motility. Ninety-seven human males with asthenozoospermia and eighty-eight human males with normal sperm motility (control) were recruited in this study. Collected semen samples were assessed for sperm motility, sperm count and semen volume. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure seminal plasma vitamin B6 concentrations. A highly significant difference (p < .0001) in concentrations of seminal plasma vitamin B6 was found between asthenozoospermic and control groups. Besides, no statistical correlations were found between seminal plasma vitamin B6 level and sperm motility, sperm count, semen volume and men age in both tested groups. In conclusion, men with asthenozoospermia have lower seminal plasma vitamin B6 level compared to men with normal sperm motility. Also, seminal plasma vitamin B6 was found not to be correlated with sperm motility and count, semen volume and men age in both tested groups. These results may provide new contribution in the management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shefa' Muneer Aljabali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Ghosh-Choudhary S, Liu J, Finkel T. Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate and Function. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:201-212. [PMID: 31983571 PMCID: PMC7043867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates metabolic pathways as key regulators of cell fate and function. Although the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids is essential to maintain overall energy homeostasis, the choice of a given metabolic pathway and the levels of particular substrates and intermediates increasingly appear to modulate specific cellular activities. This connection is likely related to the growing appreciation that molecules such as acetyl-CoA act as a shared currency between metabolic flux and chromatin modification. We review recent evidence for a role of metabolism in modulating cellular function in four distinct contexts. These areas include the immune system, the tumor microenvironment, the fibrotic response, and stem cell function. Together, these examples suggest that metabolic pathways do not simply provide the fuel that powers cellular activities but instead help to shape and determine cellular identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Liu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited systemic metabolic disease caused by mutations in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene. TNSALP is expressed in the liver, kidney and bone, and its substrates include TNSALP inorganic pyrophosphate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)/vitamin B6 and phosphoethanolamine (PEA). Autosomal recessive and dominant forms of the disease result in a range of clinical entities. Major hallmarks are low alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and elevated PLP and PEA levels. Very severe infantile forms of HPP cause premature death as a result of respiratory insufficiency and also present with hypo-mineralisation leading to deformed limbs with, in some cases, the near-absence of bones and skull altogether. Respiratory failure, rib fractures and seizures due to vitamin B6 deficiency are indicative of a poor prognosis. Craniosynostosis is frequent. HPP leads to an unusual presentation of rickets with high levels of calcium and phosphorus, resulting in hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and low ALP levels. Hypercalcaemic crisis, failure to thrive and growth retardation are concerns in infants. Fractures are common in both infantile and adult forms of the disease, concomitantly occurring with unexplained chronic pain and fatigue. Dental clinical presentations, which include the premature loss of teeth, are also commonly found in HPP and specifically manifest as odontohypophosphatasia. A novel enzyme therapy for human HPP, asfotase alfa, which is specifically targeted to mineralised tissues, has been developed in the past decades. While this treatment seems very promising, especially for infantile HPP, many questions regarding its long-term effects, the management of treatment, and any potential secondary adverse effects remain unresolved.
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The MultiBac system: a perspective. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:477-482. [PMID: 33523169 DOI: 10.1042/etls20190084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus expression is a time-tested technique to produce proteins in insect cells, in high quality and quantity for a range of applications. MultiBac is a baculovirus expression system we developed originally for producing multiprotein complexes comprising many subunits, for structural and mechanistic studies. First introduced in 2004, MultiBac is now in use in many laboratories worldwide, accelerating research programmes in academia and industry. We have continuously optimized our MultiBac system, providing customized reagents and standard operating protocols to facilitate its use also by non-specialists. More recently, we have generated MultiBac genomes tailored for specific purposes, for example, to produce humanized glycoproteins, high-value pharmaceutical targets including kinases, viral polymerases, and virus-like particles (VLPs) as promising vaccine candidates. By altering the host tropism of the baculovirion, we created MultiBacMam, a heterologous DNA delivery toolkit to target mammalian cells, tissues and organisms. Introducing CRISPR/Cas modalities, we set the stage for large-scale genomic engineering applications utilizing this high-capacity DNA delivery tool. Exploiting synthetic biology approaches and bottom-up design, we engage in optimizing the properties of our baculoviral genome, also to improve manufacturing at scale. Here we provide a perspective of our MultiBac system and its developments, past, present and future.
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