1
|
Krohmer L, Heetderks E, Baynes J, Neale A. Advancements in mapping areas suitable for wetland habitats across the conterminous United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175058. [PMID: 39084381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Wetland habitats provide critical ecosystem services to the surrounding landscape, including nutrient and pollutant retention, flood mitigation, and carbon storage. Wetland connectivity to water bodies and related ecosystems is critical in habitat sustainability, but there are limited resources for landscape-level wetland planning. Considering the network connectivity of an ecosystem type can derive different benefits to the natural and built environment, as well as human health. The value that wetlands provide, along with incentive programs and conservation goals mandated by the government require new and improved wetland spatial data. Utilizing high quality, publicly available data, this study finds that the amount of land in the United States that could support built or restored wetlands is more than double the area of mapped existing wetlands. This study uses 17 input variables (i.e., features extracted from remotely sensed data and auxiliary datasets) at the 10-m resolution and the National Wetlands Inventory to train a random forest model to identify areas that may support a wetland habitat, or potential wetland areas. Models were calculated for each of 18 two-digit hydrologic units that encompass the conterminous United States, and model overall accuracy ranged from 78.0 % to 89.8 %. The models predicted that 21.1 % of the conterminous United States can be categorized as potential wetland area. Selecting input variables to predict areas with wetland potential, rather than to identify existing wetlands, using the random forest algorithm can be transferred to other locations, scales, and ecosystem types. Visualizing potential wetland areas using input data at the 10-m resolution and enhanced methodology improves previous work, as even slight changes in topography, soils, and landscape features can determine ecosystem connections. This product can be used to better place wetland restoration projects to serve ecosystem- and community-wide health by ensuring ecosystem success and targeting areas that face increased climate change impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Krohmer
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities supporting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Elijah Heetderks
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities supporting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Jeremy Baynes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Environmental Pathways Modeling Branch (EPMB), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Anne Neale
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Environmental Pathways Modeling Branch (EPMB), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schewe R, Iavorivska L, Kelleher C. Spatial Variation in Agricultural BMPs and Relationships with Nutrient Yields Across New York State Watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 74:729-741. [PMID: 38955869 PMCID: PMC11392999 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-02008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus can subsequently be transported to waterways and are often managed through the adoption of best management practices (BMPs). However, we have a poor understanding of how the use of BMPs varies spatially and how BMP adoption might be related to nutrient yields in surface waters. To address this, we performed a survey of agricultural landowners across New York State and compared this with estimates of annual incremental nitrogen and phosphorus yields of agricultural origin from the Spatially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model. Using these socio-behavioral data and SPARROW predictions, we perform colocation analysis to identify areas where watersheds with high nutrient yield from agriculture are collocated with non-use of agricultural BMPs. This colocation analysis offers a novel methodology for identifying areas where monitoring of waterways and promotion of best management practices could be targeted to achieve the greatest benefits.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye F, Duan L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Kou X, Wan F, Wang Y. Sediment grain size regulates the biogeochemical processes of nitrate in the riparian zone by influencing nutrient concentrations and microbial abundance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176467. [PMID: 39326764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Riparian zones play a crucial role in reducing nitrate pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Complex deposition action and dynamic hydrological processes will change the grain size distribution of riparian sediments, affect the residence time of substances, and have a cascade effect on the biogeochemical process of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N). However, simultaneous studies on NO3--N transformation and the potential drivers in riparian zones are still lacking, especially neglecting the effect of sediment grain size (SGS). To fill this knowledge gap, we first systematically identified and quantified NO3--N biogeochemical processes in the riparian zone by integrating molecular biotechnology, 15N stable isotope tracing, and microcosmic incubation experiments. We then evaluated the combined effects of environmental variables (including pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), oxidation reduction potential, SGS, etc.) on NO3--N transformation through Random Forest and Structural Equation Models. The results demonstrated that NO3--N underwent five microbial-mediated processes, with denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) dominated the NO3--N attenuation (69.4 % and 20.1 %, respectively), followed by anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and nitrate-dependent ferric oxidation (NDFO) (8.4 % and 2.1 %, respectively), while nitrification dominated the NO3--N production. SGS emerged as the most critical factor influencing NO3--N transformation (24.96 %, p < 0.01), followed by functional genes (nirS, nrfA) abundance, DOC, and ammonia concentrations (14.12 %, 16.40 %, 13.08 %, p < 0.01). SGS influenced NO3--N transformation by regulating microbial abundance and nutrient concentrations. RF predicted that a 5 % increase in the proportion of fine grains (diameter < 50 μm) may increase the NO3--N transformation rate by 3.8 %. This work highlights the significance of integrating machine learning and geochemical analysis for a comprehensive understanding of nitrate biogeochemical processes in riparian zones, contributing valuable references for future nitrogen management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, China
| | - Lei Duan
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, China.
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, China
| | - Yike Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, China
| | - Xiaomei Kou
- Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Fan Wan
- Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Forgrave R, Evenson GR, Golden HE, Christensen JR, Lane CR, Wu Q, D'Amico E, Prenger J. Wetland-mediated nitrate reductions attenuate downstream: Insights from a modeling study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122500. [PMID: 39299124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Connections between agricultural runoff and excess nitrogen in the Upper Mississippi River Basin are well-documented, as is the potential role of constructed wetlands in mitigating this surplus nitrogen. However, limited knowledge exists about the "best" placement of these wetlands for downstream nitrogen reductions within a whole watershed context as well as how far downstream these benefits are realized. In this study, we simulate the cumulative impacts of diverse wetland restoration scenarios on downstream nitrate reductions in different subbasins of the Raccoon River Watershed, Iowa, USA, and spatially trace their relative effects downstream. Our simulated results underscore previous work demonstrating that the total area of wetlands and the wetland-catchment-to-wetland area ratio are both significant factors for determining the nitrate load reduction benefits of wetlands at subbasin scales. Simulated wetland conservation scenarios resulted in nitrate load decreases ranging from 7.5 to 43.2% of our baseline model loads. However, we found these wetland-mediated nitrate reduction benefits are quickly attenuated downstream: load reductions were <1% at the watershed outlet across all model scenarios, despite the magnitude of the subbasin-scale nitrate decreases. The relatively rapid attenuation of wetland effects is largely due to downstream nitrate load contributions from untreated subbasins. However, higher subbasin-scale nitrate reductions from wetland-based conservation practices resulted in longer downstream distances prior to attenuation. This study highlights the importance of considering the spatial location of constructed or restored wetlands relative to the area within the watershed where nitrogen reductions are most needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Forgrave
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participation Program, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Grey R Evenson
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heather E Golden
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jay R Christensen
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles R Lane
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Qiusheng Wu
- Department of Geography and Sustainability, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ellen D'Amico
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. C/o, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Prenger
- Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie S, Xia T, Li H, Chen Y, Zhang W. Variability in N 2O emission controls among different ponds within a hilly watershed. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 267:122467. [PMID: 39316960 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
While it is well established that small water bodies like ponds play a disproportionately large role in contributing to N2O emissions, few studies have focused on lowland ponds in hilly watersheds. Here, we explored the characteristics of N2O concentrations and emissions from various typical ponds (village, tea, forested, and aquaculture ponds) in a hilly watershed and examined the specific controls influencing N2O production. Our findings revealed that tea ponds exhibited the highest N2O flux (8.42 ± 8.23 μmol m-2 d-1), which was 2.8 to 3.3 times greater than other types of ponds. Remarkable seasonal variations were observed in tea and forested ponds due to the seasonality of nutrient-enriched runoff, whereas such variations were less pronounced in village and aquaculture ponds. Key factors such as nitrogen levels, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) emerged as the primary controls of N2O concentrations in ponds, heavily influenced by land use and human activities in their drainage areas. Specifically, N2O production in tea and aquaculture ponds was driven by N inputs from fertilization and feed, respectively, while DO levels governed the process in village and forested ponds, influenced by abundant algae and forest vegetation. This study emphasizes that environmental factors predominantly drive N2O production in ponds within hilly watersheds, but land use in the pond drainages acts as an indirect yet crucial influence. This highlights the need for future research to develop targeted emission reduction strategies based on land use to effectively mitigate N2O emissions, promising a path toward more sustainable and climate-friendly watershed management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hengpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongjuan Chen
- College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China.
| | - Wangshou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shukla S, Shukla A. Retrofitting agricultural detention systems can economically enhance nitrogen treatment with payment for services approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176145. [PMID: 39250968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite their global presence and multiple services including water storage and treatment, limited field studies have focused on quantifying water quality effectiveness of agricultural stormwater detention areas (SDAs; farm ponds). Limited data available comes from unverified modeling studies. Economics is another neglected aspect of SDAs. An SDA in the Everglades basin of Florida was monitored to quantify its baseline nitrogen (N) treatment. Design flaws of underutilized surface storage in variably ponded areas and short-circuiting were rectified by retrofitting the SDA through compartmentalization, increase in outflow structure control elevation, and installing channel plugs. Post the retrofits, total N retentions doubled (7500 from 3700 kg), a similar trend was observed with respect to surface water volume indicating that water retention drives N retention. Targeting enhanced water retention through retrofits can achieve reductions in downstream nutrient flows. The cost of additional N treatment from retrofits was $12/kg, an order of magnitude less than the published costs for other detention systems including newly constructed wetlands ($180/kg) and tailwater recovery systems ($214/kg). A scale-up showed that retrofitting SDAs could reduce the N discharge to an estuary in the Everglades basin by over 50 %. A payoff to the farmers for SDA retrofits through a payment for environmental services program can achieve higher N treatment economically and facilitate large-scale adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Shukla
- University of Florida, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv M, Chen J, Ma M, Huang P, Wu S. Diminished storage capacity of ponds caused by sedimentation weakens their nitrogen removal efficiency. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:121987. [PMID: 38955036 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Though their small size, ponds play a disproportionately crucial role in eliminating nitrogen (N) transporting to downstream freshwaters. As significant water infrastructures, ponds are non-sustainable due to loss of storage capacity resulting from sedimentation. However, the effects of pond sedimentation on N removal is widely neglected in landscape N processing. The NUFER (Nutrient flows in Food chains, Environment and Resources use) model was employed to estimate N runoff from 1960 to 2018. We reconstructed the dynamic of number and storing capacity of about 14 million ponds due to construction and sedimentation from 1960 to 2018, projecting these trends into the year 2060. Our approach incorporated first-order kinetic reactions, including water residence time (HRT), to estimate N removal of ponds, utilizing data 6 monitoring ponds and 81 ponds from literature studies. Our analysis reveals a fourteen-fold increase in N runoff over the past six decades, rising from 0.8 Mt N in 1960 to 11.4 Mt N in 2018. Due to the initial rapid expansion of ponds, N removal by ponds increased from 6.4 % in 1960 to 13.6 % in 1990. Sedimentation is prevalent in ponds, particularly in small ponds with a sedimentation accumulation rate of 2.96 cm yr-1. Pond sedimentation, which reduces HRT, resulted in a decrease in pond N removal percentage to 11.2 % in 2018 and a projected 7.4 % by the year 2060, assuming similar sediment accumulation rates persist in the future. Overall, our findings underscore the non-negligible role of ponds as landscape nodes in N cycling. Urgent mitigation measures are needed to extend the lifetime of existing ponds and sustain their critical role in water quality management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China.
| | - Jilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Maohua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Water Safety, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ecklu J, Barstow C, MacDonald L, Fankhauser K, Johnson A, Adler I, Ehrhardt D, Thomas E. Decarbonizing Water: The Potential to Apply the Voluntary Carbon Market toward Global Water Security. ACS ES&T WATER 2024; 4:2655-2666. [PMID: 38903196 PMCID: PMC11186001 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The increase in global water insecurity is one of the first perceivable effects of climate change. Two billion people are now without access to safe drinking water, and four billion experience water stress at least once a year, primarily in low per-capita emission countries. This nexus between climate change and water insecurity has significant implications for the global economy, with the water sector contributing 10% of global emissions. Though traditionally a local issue, climate finance mechanisms like the voluntary carbon market (VCM) present opportunities for a global, sustainable, performance-based funding stream to address water insecurity. Since 2010, water-related carbon projects have yielded over 45 million emission reduction credits. Our analysis estimates a global potential of over 1.6 billion tCO2e per year across various water project subsectors. At a $10 per credit average, this could attract over $160 billion in investments over the next decade, enhancing global water security. However, barriers like high intervention costs and limited technologies hinder widespread implementation, creating a tension between standardized and bespoke credits. We present case studies, spanning drinking water initiatives to the wastewater treatment sector that illustrate VCM's role in channeling private sector capital for water security in climate-vulnerable regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Ecklu
- Mortenson
Center in Global Engineering, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christina Barstow
- Mortenson
Center in Global Engineering, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura MacDonald
- Mortenson
Center in Global Engineering, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Katie Fankhauser
- Mortenson
Center in Global Engineering, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Alex Johnson
- Mortenson
Center in Global Engineering, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Ilan Adler
- Castalia
Advisors, 1747 Pennsylvania
Avenue NW, Suite 1200, Washington D.C. 20006, United States
| | - David Ehrhardt
- Castalia
Advisors, 1747 Pennsylvania
Avenue NW, Suite 1200, Washington D.C. 20006, United States
| | - Evan Thomas
- Mortenson
Center in Global Engineering, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun C, Liu N, Song J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wang X. High-Resolution Estimates of N 2O Emissions from Inland Waters and Wetlands in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8736-8747. [PMID: 38723264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Inland waters (rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) and wetlands (marshes and coastal wetlands) represent large and continuous sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, in view of adequate biomass and anaerobic conditions. Considerable uncertainties remain in quantifying spatially explicit N2O emissions from aquatic systems, attributable to the limitations of models and a lack of comprehensive data sets. Herein, we conducted a synthesis of 1659 observations of N2O emission rates to determine the major environmental drivers across five aquatic systems. A framework for spatially explicit estimates of N2O emissions in China was established, employing a data-driven approach that upscaled from site-specific N2O fluxes to robust multiple-regression models. Results revealed the effectiveness of models incorporating soil organic carbon and water content for marshes and coastal wetlands, as well as water nitrate concentration and dissolved organic carbon for lakes, rivers, and reservoirs for predicting emissions. Total national N2O emissions from inland waters and wetlands were 1.02 × 105 t N2O yr-1, with contributions from marshes (36.33%), rivers (27.77%), lakes (25.27%), reservoirs (6.47%), and coastal wetlands (4.16%). Spatially, larger emissions occurred in the Songliao River Basin and Continental River Basin, primarily due to their substantial terrestrial biomass. This study offers a vital national inventory of N2O emissions from inland waters and wetlands in China, providing paradigms for the inventorying work in other countries and insights to formulate effective mitigation strategies for climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun ,Jilin 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Nuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun ,Jilin 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Junnian Song
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun ,Jilin 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, U.K
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun ,Jilin 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xian'en Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun ,Jilin 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li C, Ma X, Wang Y, Sun Q, Chen M, Zhang C, Ding S, Dai Z. Root-mediated acidification, phosphatase activity and the phosphorus-cycling microbial community enhance phosphorus mobilization in the rhizosphere of wetland plants. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121548. [PMID: 38569357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Rhizoremediation of wetland plants is an environmentally friendly strategy for sediment phosphorous (P) removal, the basic underlying principle of which is the complex interactions between roots and microorganisms. This study investigated the immobilization and mobilization mechanisms of P in the rhizosphere of wetland plants using high-resolution spatial visualization techniques and metagenomic sequencing. Two-dimensional visualization of the spatial distribution of P, iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) indicated that the sequestration of Fe-oxides rather than Mn-oxides caused the depletion of labile P, resulting in an increase in the Fe-adsorbed P fraction. Plants altered the rhizospheric environments and P-cycling microbial community to mobilize low-availability P from sediments. Mineral P solubilization and organic P mineralization were enhanced by local acidification and increased phosphatase activity, respectively. Microbial P mobilization also increased with increasing relative abundances of P solubilization and mineralization genes (gcd and phnW) and decreasing P transportation genes (ugpA, ugpB, and pit) genes in the rhizosphere. These processes led to the remobilization of 10.04 % of inorganic P, and 15.23 % of organic P, in the rhizosphere during the incubation period. However, the resupply of P via the above processes did not compensate for the depletion of rhizospheric P via root uptake and mineral sequestration. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of rhizospheric P cycling, which will help to inform future phytoremediation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xin Ma
- School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qin Sun
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Musong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health, School of Geography and Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhihui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Guiyang 550081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zuidema S, Wollheim WM, Kucharik CJ, Lammers RB. Existing wetland conservation programs miss nutrient reduction targets. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae129. [PMID: 38628600 PMCID: PMC11020223 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Restoring wetlands will reduce nitrogen contamination from excess fertilization but estimates of the efficacy of the strategy vary widely. The intervention is often described as effective for reducing nitrogen export from watersheds to mediate bottom-level hypoxia threatening marine ecosystems. Other research points to the necessity of applying a suite of interventions, including wetland restoration to mitigate meaningful quantities of nitrogen export. Here, we use process-based physical modeling to evaluate the effects of two hypothetical, but plausible large-scale wetland restoration programs intended to reduce nutrient export to the Gulf of Mexico. We show that full adoption of the two programs currently in place can meet as little as 10% to as much as 60% of nutrient reduction targets to reduce the Gulf of Mexico dead zone. These reductions are lower than prior estimates for three reasons. First, net storage of leachate in the subsurface precludes interception and thereby dampens the percent decline in nitrogen export caused by the policy. Unlike previous studies, we first constrained riverine fluxes to match observed fluxes throughout the basin. Second, the locations of many restorable lands are geographically disconnected from heavily fertilized croplands, limiting interception of runoff. Third, daily resolution of the model simulations captured the seasonal and stormflow dynamics that inhibit wetland nutrient removal because peak wetland effectiveness does not coincide with the timing of nutrient inputs. To improve the health of the Gulf of Mexico efforts to eliminate excess nutrient, loading should be implemented beyond the field-margin wetland strategies investigated here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zuidema
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Wilfred M Wollheim
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Christopher J Kucharik
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard B Lammers
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gutiérrez MC, Cáceres A, Herruzo-Ruiz AM, Siles JA, Vázquez F, Alhama J, Michán C, Martín MA. Assessment of nitrification process in a sequencing batch reactor: Modelling and genomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118035. [PMID: 38199477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrification of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4+) to nitrate (N-NO3-) was investigated in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to evaluate its efficiency. During the nitrification process the removal of N-NH4+ reached 96%, resulting in 73% formation of N-NO3-. A lineal correlation (r2 = 0.9978) was obtained between the concentration of volatile suspended solids (VSS) and the maximal N-NO3- concentration at the end of each batch cycle under stationary state. The bacterial taxons in the initial inoculum were identified, revealing a complex diverse community mainly in the two major bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The FAPROTAX algorithm predicted the presence in the inoculum of taxa involved in relevant processes of the nitrogen metabolism, highlighting the bacterial genera Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas that are both involved in the nitrification process. A kinetic model was formulated for predicting and validating the transformation of N-NH4+, N-NO2- and N-NO3- and the removal of organic and inorganic carbon (TOC and IC, respectively). The results showed how the increase in biomass concentration slowed down the transformation to oxidised forms of nitrogen and increased denitrification in the settling and filling stages under free aeration conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Gutiérrez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Cáceres
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A M Herruzo-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Vázquez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - J Alhama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Michán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, edificio Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, km 396, edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Borgström A, Hansson LA, Klante C, Sjöstedt J. Wetlands as a potential multifunctioning tool to mitigate eutrophication and brownification. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2945. [PMID: 38286682 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication and brownification are ongoing environmental problems affecting aquatic ecosystems. Due to anthropogenic changes, increasing amounts of organic and inorganic compounds are entering aquatic systems from surrounding catchment areas, increasing both nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), and water color with societal, as well as ecological consequences. Several studies have focused on the ability of wetlands to reduce nutrients, whereas data on their potential to reduce TOC and water color are scarce. Here we evaluate wetlands as a potential multifunctional tool for mitigating both eutrophication and brownification. Therefore, we performed a study for 18 months in nine wetlands allowing us to estimate the reduction in concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TOC and water color. We show that wetland reduction efficiency with respect to these variables was generally higher during summer, but many of the wetlands were also efficient during winter. We also show that some, but not all, wetlands have the potential to reduce TOC, water color and nutrients simultaneously. However, the generalist wetlands that reduced all four parameters were less efficient in reducing each of them than the specialist wetlands that only reduced one or two parameters. In a broader context, generalist wetlands have the potential to function as multifunctional tools to mitigate both eutrophication and brownification of aquatic systems. However, further research is needed to assess the design of the generalist wetlands and to investigate the potential of using several specialist wetlands in the same catchment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borgström
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Klante
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Sweden Water Research, Ideon Science Park, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sjöstedt
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Wang W, Qi X, Li D, Liu Y, Song X, Cao X. Magnetite-equipped algal-rich sediments for microbial fuel cells: Remediation of sediment organic matter pollution and mechanisms of remote electron transfer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169545. [PMID: 38159753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Using the bio-electrochemical methods for the restoration of high algae sediments is full of potential and challenges. How to promote extracellular electron transfer (EET) process in microbial fuel cells (MFC) is the key bottleneck. The study had explored the potential application of magnetite on accelerating electron transfer for improving the output of MFC and sediment pollution remediation. The results indicated that the organic matter degradation rate showed a remarkable increase of 27.45 %, and the voltage output was approximately 1.68 times higher compared to the MFC configured with regular sediment. Abundant electroactive bacteria (EABs), such as Geobacter and Burkholderiaceae, and fermentative bacteria were responsible for these results, accompanied by the enhanced fluorescence of humic substances (HS), increased concentration and activity of cytochrome C (25.05 % and 21.12 %), as well as elevated extracellular polymeric substance content. Moreover, the intrinsic EET mechanisms among Fe-oxides, HS, and EABs were explored. According to the electrochemical analysis and substance transformation, the EET process involved four stages: magnetite-enhanced direct electron transfer via strong conductivity, iron respiration mediating electron transfer to the electrode, the model quinone substance acting as an electron shuttle facilitating EET and iron reduction, and iron cycling mediating electron transfer. This study provides an effective strategy for pollution remediation in algal-rich sediment, which was beneficial for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of both algae and sediment, simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiang Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongpeng Li
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinshan Song
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang W, Li H, Xu D, Xia T. Wetland Destruction in a Headwater River Leads to Disturbing Decline of In-stream Nitrogen Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2774-2785. [PMID: 38299516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands have long been recognized as efficient nitrogen (N) processing systems. While widespread interest is in constructing wetlands to mitigate N pollution, there is a dearth of information about the environmental consequences following wetland dismantlement. This study elucidated the changing trajectories of water quality and N removal capacity in a headwater river that initially contained a series of constructed wetlands but later underwent wetland destruction. An estimated 17% surge in total N concentration has been reported since the wetlands' destruction. This adverse trend is primarily attributed to a weakened in-stream N removal capacity, which was reduced to a mere 25% of the levels observed when the wetlands were operational. Further analysis confirms that the presence of wetlands actively shapes desirable environmental settings for N processing. In stark contrast, wetland destruction leads to unfavorable environmental conditions, which not only restrain in-stream anaerobic metabolisms but also trigger algal proliferation and biological N fixation. Collectively, this research provides compelling evidence of the detrimental consequences associated with wetland destruction, emphasizing the need for remedial strategies to mitigate these negative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangshou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hengpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China
| | - Tianyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kirk L, Compton JE, Neale A, Sabo RD, Christensen J. Our national nutrient reduction needs: Applying a conservation prioritization framework to US agricultural lands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119758. [PMID: 38086118 PMCID: PMC10851882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Targeted conservation approaches seek to focus resources on areas where they can deliver the greatest benefits and are recognized as key to reducing nonpoint source nutrients from agricultural landscapes into sensitive receiving waters. Moreover, there is growing recognition of the importance and complementarity of in-field and edge-of-field conservation for reaching nutrient reduction goals. Here we provide a generic prioritization that can help with spatial targeting and applied it across the conterminous US (CONUS). The prioritization begins with identifying areas with high agricultural nutrient surplus, i.e., where the most nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) inputs are left on the landscape after crop harvest. Subwatersheds with high surplus included 52% and 50% of CONUS subwatersheds for N and P, respectively, and were located predominantly in the Midwest for N, in the South for P, and in California for both N and P. Then we identified the most suitable conservation strategies using a hierarchy of metrics including nutrient use efficiency (proportion of new nutrient inputs removed by crop harvest), tile drainage, existing buffers for agricultural run-off, and wetland restoration potential. In-field nutrient input reduction emerged as a priority because nutrient use efficiency fell below a high but achievable goal of 0.7 (30% of nutrients applied are not utilized) in 45% and 44% of CONUS subwatersheds for N and P, respectively. In many parts of the southern and western US, in-field conservation (i.e., reducing inputs + preventing nutrients from leaving fields) alone was likely the optimal strategy as agriculture was already well-buffered. However, stacking in-field conservation with additional edge-of-field buffering would be important to conservation strategies in 35% and 29% of CONUS subwatersheds for N and P, respectively. Nutrient use efficiencies were often high enough in the Midwest that proposed strategies focused more on preventing nutrients from leaving fields, managing tile effluent, and buffering agricultural fields. Almost all major river basins would benefit from a variety of nutrient reduction conservation strategies, underscoring the potential of targeted approaches to help limit excess nutrients in surface and ground waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Kirk
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education - US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Jana E Compton
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Anne Neale
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health and Environmental Systems Division, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert D Sabo
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jay Christensen
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang S, Yuan Z, Ye B, Zhu F, Chu Z, Liu X. Impacts of landscape pattern on plants diversity and richness of 20 restored wetlands in Chaohu Lakeside of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167649. [PMID: 37813269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of wetland function and biodiversity conservation aroused considerable interest in the past decades. Although many advances have been achieved in revealing disturbing factors on plants diversity, the knowledge of biodiversity manipulation, landscape configuration and ecosystem process in restored wetlands remains incomplete. To address this issue, the landscape of 20 restored wetlands' vegetation was classified into five vegetation formations including: upland plants, wet grassland, emergent plants, floating plants and submerged plants. Meanwhile, the configuration of landscape, plants' function traits and the structure of plants communities of each wetland were analyzed. A total of 142 herbaceous plants were identified from 399 samples of 20 lakeside wetlands. The top five predominant species were Typha orientalis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Phragmites australis, Echinochloa caudata, and Erigeron canadensis. The highest of diversity index was observed in upland plants with Shannon-Wiener index (H) of 0.92 while higher richness of plants was obtained in wet grassland with species of 88. In dry year, the immigration of upland xerophyte and obligated aquatic species to facultative area increased the biodiversity of the ecotone. Meanwhile, this change may also aggravate the diffusion risk of exotic invasive species Erigeron canadensis. Additionally, the results indicated that number and evenness of landscape outweighed Shannon diversity index (SHDI) of wetlands in shaping the richness and diversity of wetland plants. Whereas, the high value of maximum proportion of landscape (Pmax) have reduced the landscape evenness and species richness. A suggested Pmax of <0.5 was benefit for the stability and biodiversity of restored wetlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Yang
- College of water science, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bibi Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of water science, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhaosheng Chu
- College of water science, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Biology, food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Trebitz AS, Herlihy AT. Wetland water quality patterns and anthropogenic pressure associations across the continental USA. WETLANDS (WILMINGTON, N.C.) 2023; 43:1-19. [PMID: 38269080 PMCID: PMC10805235 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on lake and stream water quality are well established but have been much less studied in wetlands. Here we use data from the 2016 National Wetland Condition Assessment to characterize water quality and its relationship to anthropogenic pressure for inland wetlands across the conterminous USA. Water samples obtained from 525 inland wetlands spanned pH from <4 to >9 and 3 to 5 orders of magnitude in ionic strength (chloride, sulfate, conductivity), nutrients (total N and P), turbidity, planktonic chlorophyll, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Anthropogenic pressure levels were evaluated at two spatial scales - an adjacent scale scored from field checklists, and a catchment scale indicated by percent agricultural plus urban landcover. Pressure at the two spatial scales were uncorrelated and varied considerably across regions and wetland hydrogeomorphic types. Both adjacent- and catchment-scale pressure were associated with elevated ionic-strength metrics; chloride elevation was most evident in road-salt using states, and sulfate was strongly elevated in a few sites with coal mining nearby. Nutrients were elevated in association with catchment-scale pressure but concomitant changes were not seen in planktonic chlorophyll. Acidic pH and high DOC occurred primarily in upper Great Lakes and eastern seaboard sites having low anthropogenic pressure, suggesting natural organic acid sources. Ionic strength and nutrients increased with increasing catchment-scale pressure even in Flats and closed Depression and Lacustrine sites, which indicates connectivity to rather than isolation from upland anthropogenic landuse even for wetlands lacking inflowing streams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anett S Trebitz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Duluth MN 55804
| | - Alan T Herlihy
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Corvallis OR 97331
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zuidema S, Liu J, Chepeliev MG, Johnson DR, Baldos ULC, Frolking S, Kucharik CJ, Wollheim WM, Hertel TW. US climate policy yields water quality cobenefits in the Mississippi Basin and Gulf of Mexico. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302087120. [PMID: 37844248 PMCID: PMC10614783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302087120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We utilize a coupled economy-agroecology-hydrology modeling framework to capture the cascading impacts of climate change mitigation policy on agriculture and the resulting water quality cobenefits. We analyze a policy that assigns a range of United States government's social cost of carbon estimates ($51, $76, and $152/ton of CO2-equivalents) to fossil fuel-based CO2 emissions. This policy raises energy costs and, importantly for agriculture, boosts the price of nitrogen fertilizer production. At the highest carbon price, US carbon emissions are reduced by about 50%, and nitrogen fertilizer prices rise by about 90%, leading to an approximate 15% reduction in fertilizer applications for corn production across the Mississippi River Basin. Corn and soybean production declines by about 7%, increasing crop prices by 6%, while nitrate leaching declines by about 10%. Simulated nitrate export to the Gulf of Mexico decreases by 8%, ultimately shrinking the average midsummer area of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic area by 3% and hypoxic volume by 4%. We also consider the additional benefits of restored wetlands to mitigate nitrogen loading to reduce hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico and find a targeted wetland restoration scenario approximately doubles the effect of a low to moderate social cost of carbon. Wetland restoration alone exhibited spillover effects that increased nitrate leaching in other parts of the basin which were mitigated with the inclusion of the carbon policy. We conclude that a national climate policy aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the United States would have important water quality cobenefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zuidema
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH03824
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Maksym G. Chepeliev
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - David R. Johnson
- Department of Political Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Uris Lantz C. Baldos
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Steve Frolking
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH03824
| | - Christopher J. Kucharik
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Wilfred M. Wollheim
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH03824
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH03824
| | - Thomas W. Hertel
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye F, Duan L, Sun Y, Yang F, Liu R, Gao F, Wang Y, Xu Y. Nitrogen removal in freshwater sediments of riparian zone: N-loss pathways and environmental controls. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239055. [PMID: 37664113 PMCID: PMC10469909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The riparian zone is an important location of nitrogen removal in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Many studies have focused on the nitrogen removal efficiency and one or two nitrogen removal processes in the riparian zone, and less attention has been paid to the interaction of different nitrogen transformation processes and the impact of in situ environmental conditions. The molecular biotechnology, microcosm culture experiments and 15N stable isotope tracing techniques were used in this research at the riparian zone in Weinan section of the Wei River, to reveal the nitrogen removal mechanism of riparian zone with multi-layer lithologic structure. The results showed that the nitrogen removal rate in the riparian zone was 4.14-35.19 μmol·N·kg-1·h-1. Denitrification, dissimilatory reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) jointly achieved the natural attenuation process of nitrogen in the riparian zone, and denitrification was the dominant process (accounting for 59.6%). High dissolved organic nitrogen and nitrate ratio (DOC:NO3-) would promote denitrification, but when the NO3- content was less than 0.06 mg/kg, DNRA would occur in preference to denitrification. Furthermore, the abundances of functional genes (norB, nirS, nrfA) and anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed similar distribution patterns with the corresponding nitrogen transformation rates. Sedimentary NOX-, Fe(II), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the nitrogen transformation functional microbial abundance were the main factors affecting nitrogen removal in the riparian zone. Fe (II) promoted NO3- attenuation through nitrate dependent ferrous oxidation process under microbial mediation, and DOC promotes NO3- attenuation through enhancing DNRA effect. The results of this study can be used for the management of the riparian zone and the prevention and control of global nitrogen pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Duan
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yaqiao Sun
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yike Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yirong Xu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lane CR, D’Amico E, Christensen JR, Golden HE, Wu Q, Rajib A. Mapping global non-floodplain wetlands. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 2023; 15:2927-2955. [PMID: 37841644 PMCID: PMC10569017 DOI: 10.5194/essd-15-2927-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-floodplain wetlands - those located outside the floodplains - have emerged as integral components to watershed resilience, contributing hydrologic and biogeochemical functions affecting watershed-scale flooding extent, drought magnitude, and water-quality maintenance. However, the absence of a global dataset of non-floodplain wetlands limits their necessary incorporation into water quality and quantity management decisions and affects wetland-focused wildlife habitat conservation outcomes. We addressed this critical need by developing a publicly available "Global NFW" (Non-Floodplain Wetland) dataset, comprised of a global river-floodplain map at 90 m resolution coupled with a global ensemble wetland map incorporating multiple wetland-focused data layers. The floodplain, wetland, and non-floodplain wetland spatial data developed here were successfully validated within 21 large and heterogenous basins across the conterminous United States. We identified nearly 33 million potential non-floodplain wetlands with an estimated global extent of over 16×106 km2. Non-floodplain wetland pixels comprised 53% of globally identified wetland pixels, meaning the majority of the globe's wetlands likely occur external to river floodplains and coastal habitats. The identified global NFWs were typically small (median 0.039 km2), with a global median size ranging from 0.018-0.138 km2. This novel geospatial Global NFW static dataset advances wetland conservation and resource-management goals while providing a foundation for global non-floodplain wetland functional assessments, facilitating non-floodplain wetland inclusion in hydrological, biogeochemical, and biological model development. The data are freely available through the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Dataset Gateway (https://gaftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/ORD/Global_NonFloodplain_Wetlands/, last access: 24 May 2023) and through https://doi.org/10.23719/1528331 (Lane et al., 2023a).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Lane
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ellen D’Amico
- Pegasus Technical Service, Inc. c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jay R. Christensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather E. Golden
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiusheng Wu
- Department of Geography & Sustainability, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adnan Rajib
- Hydrology and Hydroinformatics Innovation Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Evenson GR, Golden HE, Christensen JR, Lane CR, Kalcic MM, Rajib A, Wu Q, Mahoney DT, White E, D'Amico E. River Basin Simulations Reveal Wide-Ranging Wetland-Mediated Nitrate Reductions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:9822-9831. [PMID: 37345945 PMCID: PMC10633752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
River basin-scale wetland restoration and creation is a primary management option for mitigating nitrogen-based water quality challenges. However, the magnitude of nitrogen reduction that will result from adding wetlands across large river basins is uncertain, partly because the areal extent, location, and physical and functional characteristics of the wetlands are unknown. We simulated over 3600 wetland restoration scenarios across the ∼450,000 km2 Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) depicting varied assumptions for wetland areal extent, physical and functional characteristics, and placement strategy. These simulations indicated that restoring wetlands will reduce local nitrate yields and nitrate loads at the UMRB outlet. However, the projected magnitude of nitrate reduction varied widely across disparate scenario assumptions─e.g., restoring 4500 km2 of wetlands (i.e., 1% of UMRB area) decreased mean annual nitrate loads at the UMRB outlet between 3 and 42%. Higher magnitude nitrate reductions correlated with best-case assumptions, particularly for characteristics controlling nitrate loading rates to the wetlands. These results show that simplified claims about basin-scale wetland-mediated water quality improvements discount the breadth of possible wetland impacts across disparate wetland physical and functional conditions and highlight a need for greater clarity regarding the likelihood of these conditions at river basin scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grey R Evenson
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Heather E Golden
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Jay R Christensen
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Charles R Lane
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Margaret M Kalcic
- Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Adnan Rajib
- Hydrology and Hydroinformatics Innovation Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Qiusheng Wu
- Department of Geography and Sustainability, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David Tyler Mahoney
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Elaheh White
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education c/o United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Ellen D'Amico
- Pegasus Technical Services Incorporated c/o United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo C, Wan D, Li Y, Zhu Q, Luo Y, Luo W, Cui Y. Quantitative prediction of the hydraulic performance of free water surface constructed wetlands by integrating numerical simulation and machine learning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117745. [PMID: 36965370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative prediction of the design parameter-influenced hydraulic performance is significant for optimizing free water surface constructed wetlands (FWS CWs) to reduce point and non-point source pollution and improve land utilization. However, owing to limitations of the test conditions and data scale, a quantitative prediction model of the hydraulic performance under multiple design parameters has not yet been established. In this study, we integrated field test data, mechanism model, statistical regression, and machine learning (ML) to construct such quantitative prediction models. A FWS CW numerical model was established by integrating 13 groups of trace data from field tests. Subsequently, training, test and extension datasets comprising 125 (5^3), 25 (L25(56)) and 16 (L16(44)) data points, respectively, were generated via numerical simulation of multi-level value combination of three quantitative design parameters, namely, water depth, hydraulic loading rate (HLR), and aspect ratio. The short circuit index (φ10), Morrill dispersion index (MDI), hydraulic efficiency (λ) and moment index (MI) were used as representative hydraulic performance indicators. Training set with large samples were analyzed to determine the variation rules of different hydraulic indicators. Based on the control variable method, φ10, λ, and MI grew exponentially with increasing aspect ratio whereas MDI showed a decreasing trend; with increasing water depth, φ10, λ, and MI showed polynomial decreases whereas MDI increased; with increasing HLR, φ10, λ, and MI slowly increased linearly whereas MDI showed the opposite trend. Finally, we constructed models based on multivariate nonlinear regression (MNLR) and ML (random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector regression. The coefficients of determination (R2) of the MNLR and ML models fitting the training and test sets were all greater than 0.9; however, the generalization abilities of different models in the extension set were different. The most robust MLP, MNLR without interaction term, and RF models were recommended as the preferred models to hydraulic performance prediction. The extreme importance of aspect ratio in hydraulic performance was revealed. Thus, gaps in the current understanding of multivariate quantitative prediction of the hydraulic performance of FWS CWs are addressed while providing an avenue for researching FWS CWs in different regions according to local conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resources and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Di Wan
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resources and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yalong Li
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resources and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenbing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resources and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Yuanlai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Z, Liu G, Guo X, Li Y, Ji N, Xu X, Sun Q, Yang J. Diversity of the protease-producing bacteria and their extracellular protease in the coastal mudflat of Jiaozhou Bay, China: in response to clam naturally growing and aquaculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1164937. [PMID: 37275176 PMCID: PMC10236810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The booming mudflat aquaculture poses an accumulation of organic matter and a certain environmental threat. Protease-producing bacteria are key players in regulating the nitrogen content in ecosystems. However, knowledge of the diversity of protease-producing bacteria in coastal mudflats is limited. This study investigated the bacterial diversity in the coastal mudflat, especially protease-producing bacteria and their extracellular proteases, by using culture-independent methods and culture-dependent methods. The clam aquaculture area exhibited a higher concentration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus when compared with the non-clam area, and a lower richness and diversity of bacterial community when compared with the clam naturally growing area. The major classes in the coastal mud samples were Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria. The Bacillus-like bacterial community was the dominant cultivated protease-producing group, accounting for 52.94% in the non-clam area, 30.77% in the clam naturally growing area, and 50% in the clam aquaculture area, respectively. Additionally, serine protease and metalloprotease were the principal extracellular protease of the isolated coastal bacteria. These findings shed light on the understanding of the microbes involved in organic nitrogen degradation in coastal mudflats and lays a foundation for the development of novel protease-producing bacterial agents for coastal mudflat purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuzhen Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shen W, Li S, Basu NB, Ury EA, Jing Q, Zhang L. Size and temperature drive nutrient retention potential across water bodies in China. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120054. [PMID: 37201376 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lentic water bodies, including lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands, retain excess nutrients in runoff from agricultural and urban activities, and protect downstream water bodies from eutrophication. To develop effective nutrient mitigation strategies, it is important to understand the controls on nutrient retention in lentic systems and what drives variability between different systems and geographical regions. Efforts to synthesize water body nutrient retention at the global scale are biased toward studies from North America and Europe. Numerous studies published in Chinese Language journals exist in the extensive China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), but are missing from global synthesis due to their absence in English language journal databases. We address this gap by synthesizing data from 417 waterbodies in China to assess hydrologic and biogeochemical drivers of nutrient retention. In this study, we found median retention of 46 and 51% for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, across all water bodies in our national synthesis, and on average, wetlands retain more nutrients than lakes or reservoirs. The analysis of this dataset highlights the influence of water body size on first-order nutrient removal rate constants, as well as how regional temperature variations affect nutrient retention in water bodies. The dataset was used to calibrate the HydroBio-k model, which explicitly considers the effect of residence times and temperature on nutrient retention. Application of the HydroBio-k model across China reveals patterns of nutrient removal potential, where regions with a higher density of small water bodies retain more nutrients than others, such that regions like the Yangtze River Basin with a greater proportion of smaller water bodies have greater retention rates. Our results emphasize the importance of lentic systems and their function in nutrient removal and water quality improvement, as well as the drivers and variability of these functions at the landscape scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangzheng Shen
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nandita B Basu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Emily A Ury
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qianrui Jing
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen R, Hu Q, Shen W, Guo J, Yang L, Yuan Q, Lu X, Wang L. Identification of nitrate sources of groundwater and rivers in complex urban environments based on isotopic and hydro-chemical evidence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162026. [PMID: 36754334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater and rivers in Chinese cities suffer from severe nitrate pollution. The accurate identification of nitrate sources throughout aquatic systems is key to the water nitrate pollution management. This study investigated nitrogen components of groundwater for twelve years and analyzed the sources of nitrate in the aquatic system based on dual isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) in the city of Nanjing, a core city of the Yangtze River Delta region, China. Our results showed that the ratio of nitrate to the sum of ammonia and nitrate in groundwater show an increasing trend during 2010-2021. The nitrate concentration was positively correlated with the proportion of cultivated land and negatively correlated with the proportion of forest land in the buffer zone. The relationship between Cl- and NO3-/ Cl- showed that agriculture and sewage sources increased during 2010-2015, sewage sources increased during 2016-2018, agriculture sources increased during 2019-2021. Manure and sewage were the primary sources of groundwater nitrate (72 %). There was no significant difference between the developed land (78 %), cultivated land (69 %), and aquaculture area (72 %). This indicates that dense population and intensive aquaculture in the suburbs have a significant impact on nitrate pollution. The contributions of manure and sewage to the fluvial nitrate sources in the lower reaches of the Qinhuai River Basin were 61 %. The non-point sources, including groundwater N (39 %) and soil N (35 %), were 74 % over the upper reaches. This study highlights the necessity of developing different N pollution management strategies for different parts of highly urbanized watersheds and considers groundwater restoration and soil nitrogen management as momentous, long-term tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Chen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Qihang Hu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Wanqi Shen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Jiaxun Guo
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Qiqi Yuan
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210029, China
| | - Lachun Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Poesio C, De Feudis M, Morsolin A, Lambertini C, Zambonelli A, Falsone G, Vittori Antisari L. Exploring the canal environment in terms of water, bed sediments and vegetation in a reclaimed floodplain of Northern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161953. [PMID: 36740071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Po plain (Italy) is one of the largest floodplains in Europe that needs environmental restoration. To achieve this goal, the knowledge of the 'environment' (water, bed sediments and vegetation) of the canals crossing such floodplain is necessary. The water flow of the canals was kept low for hydraulic safety purposes from October to March (NIR), and high for irrigation purposes from April to September (IR). Within this framework, this study aimed to assess in 9 sites of the east part of Po plain 1) the canals' environment quality in terms of vegetation diversity, and water and bed sediment physicochemical properties; and 2) how these features are influenced by canal managements and landscape properties. Water was monthly sampled both in NIR and IR periods, the bed sediments were sampled in summer and winter periods, while the vegetation was recorded in spring and autumn. The low water flow during NIR worsened the water quality by increasing the concentrations of nutrients and salts. A higher salt and nutrient concentrations were observed both in water and bed sediments of canals crossing areas with fine texture alluvial deposits than in those flowing through medium texture alluvial deposits. Further, higher nutrient and salt concentrations were observed for the canals used as collectors of the water coming from other canals. Despite the differences observed for the bed sediments and water quality, the vegetation type and biodiversity did not show differences among the study sites probably because affected by the land use of the surrounding landscape. Indeed, the canals cross agricultural land which limit the developments of natural vegetation and do not promote plant biodiversity. Overall, the present study found out the key role of landscape properties and canal managements on 'canal environment' quality which need to be considered to perform an appropriate reclamation of such environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Poesio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro De Feudis
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Morsolin
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy; Renana Remediation Consortium, Via Santo Stefano 56, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zambonelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Falsone
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Livia Vittori Antisari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xia Y, Zhao D, Yan X, Hu W, Qiu J, Yan X. A new framework to model the distributed transfer and retention of nutrients by incorporating topology structure of small water bodies. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 238:119991. [PMID: 37130489 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Small water bodies such as interval water-flooded ditches, ponds, and streams serve as important nutrient sinks in many landscapes, especially in the multi-water continuum system. Yet watershed nutrient cycling models often fail to or insufficiently capture these waters, resulting in great uncertainty in quantifying the distributed transfer and retention of nutrients across diverse landscapes in a watershed. In this study, we present a network-based predictive framework of the nutrient transport process in nested small water bodies, which incorporates topology structure, hydrological and biogeochemical processes, and connectivity to perform a nonlinear and distributed scaling of nutrient transfer and retention. The framework was validated and applied to N transport in a multi-water continuum watershed in the Yangtze River basin. We show that the importance of N loading and retention depends on the spatial context of grid source and water bodies because of the great variation in location, connectivity, and water types. Our results demonstrate that hotspots in nutrient loading and retention could be accurately and efficiently identified through hierarchical network effects and spatial interactions. This offers an effective approach for the reduction of watershed-scale nutrient loads. This framework can be used in modeling to identify where and how to restore small water bodies for reduced non-point pollution from agricultural watersheds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag, Christchurch 4704, New Zealand
| | - Jie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Leibowitz SG, Hill RA, Creed IF, Compton JE, Golden HE, Weber MH, Rains MC, Jones CE, Lee EH, Christensen JR, Bellmore RA, Lane CR. National hydrologic connectivity classification links wetlands with stream water quality. NATURE WATER 2023; 1:370-380. [PMID: 37389401 PMCID: PMC10302404 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-023-00057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Wetland hydrologic connections to downstream waters influence stream water quality. However, no systematic approach for characterizing this connectivity exists. Here using physical principles, we categorized conterminous US freshwater wetlands into four hydrologic connectivity classes based on stream contact and flowpath depth to the nearest stream: riparian, non-riparian shallow, non-riparian mid-depth and non-riparian deep. These classes were heterogeneously distributed over the conterminous United States; for example, riparian dominated the south-eastern and Gulf coasts, while non-riparian deep dominated the Upper Midwest and High Plains. Analysis of a national stream dataset indicated acidification and organic matter brownification increased with connectivity. Eutrophication and sedimentation decreased with wetland area but did not respond to connectivity. This classification advances our mechanistic understanding of wetland influences on water quality nationally and could be applied globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott G. Leibowitz
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Pacific Ecological Systems Division (PESD), Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ryan A. Hill
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Pacific Ecological Systems Division (PESD), Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Irena F. Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jana E. Compton
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Pacific Ecological Systems Division (PESD), Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Heather E. Golden
- US EPA, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marc H. Weber
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Pacific Ecological Systems Division (PESD), Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mark C. Rains
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chas E. Jones
- ORISE Post-doctoral Participant, c/o US EPA, CPHEA, PESD, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Present address: Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians, Portland, OR, USA
| | - E. Henry Lee
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Pacific Ecological Systems Division (PESD), Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jay R. Christensen
- US EPA, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling (CEMM), Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Bellmore
- National Research Council, c/o US EPA, CPHEA, PESD, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Present address: Southeast Alaska Watershed Coalition, Juneau, AK, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kong Y, Zhang H, Tian L, Yuan J, Chen Y, Li Y, Chen J, Chang SX, Fang Y, Tavakkoli E, Cai Y. Relationships between denitrification rates and functional gene abundance in a wetland: The roles of single- and multiple-species plant communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160913. [PMID: 36529393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wetland soil denitrification removes excess inorganic nitrogen (N) and prevents eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. Wetland plants have been considered the key factors determining the capacity of wetland soil denitrification to remove N pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. However, the influences of various plant communities on wetland soil denitrification remain unknown. In the present study, we measured variations in soil denitrification under different herbaceous plant communities including single Phragmites karka (PK), single Paspalum thunbergia (PT), single Zizania latifolia (ZL), a mixture of Paspalum thunbergia plus Phragmites karka (PTPK), a mixture of Paspalum thunbergia plus Zizania latifolia (PTZL), and bare soil (CK) in the Estuary of Nantiaoxi River, the largest tributary of Qingshan Lake in Hangzhou, China. The soil denitrification rate was significantly higher in the surface (0-10 cm) than the subsurface (10-20 cm) layer. Wetland plant growth increased the soil denitrification rate by significantly increasing the soil water content, nitrate concentration, and ln(nirS) + ln(nirK). A structural equation model (SEM) showed that wetland plants indirectly regulated soil denitrification by altering the aboveground and belowground plant biomass, nitrate concentration, abundances of denitrifying functional genes, and denitrification potential. There was no significant difference in soil denitrification rates among PT, PK and ZL. The soil denitrification rate was significantly lower in PTZL than PTPK. Two-plant communities did not necessarily enhance the denitrification rate compared to single planting, the former had a greater competitiveness on N uptake and consequently reduced the amount of nitrate available for denitrification. As PTPK had the highest denitrification rate, co-planting P. thunbergia and P. karka could effectively improve N removal efficiency and help mitigate eutrophication in adjacent aquatic ecosystems. The results of this investigation provide useful information guiding the selection of appropriate wetland herbaceous plant species for wetland construction and the removal of N pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Linlin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Junji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Youchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Yunying Fang
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle 2568, Australia
| | - Ehsan Tavakkoli
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hambäck PA, Dawson L, Geranmayeh P, Jarsjö J, Kačergytė I, Peacock M, Collentine D, Destouni G, Futter M, Hugelius G, Hedman S, Jonsson S, Klatt BK, Lindström A, Nilsson JE, Pärt T, Schneider LD, Strand JA, Urrutia-Cordero P, Åhlén D, Åhlén I, Blicharska M. Tradeoffs and synergies in wetland multifunctionality: A scaling issue. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160746. [PMID: 36513236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wetland area in agricultural landscapes has been heavily reduced to gain land for crop production, but in recent years there is increased societal recognition of the negative consequences from wetland loss on nutrient retention, biodiversity and a range of other benefits to humans. The current trend is therefore to re-establish wetlands, often with an aim to achieve the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services, i.e., multifunctionality. Here we review the literature on key objectives used to motivate wetland re-establishment in temperate agricultural landscapes (provision of flow regulation, nutrient retention, climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation and cultural ecosystem services), and their relationships to environmental properties, in order to identify potential for tradeoffs and synergies concerning the development of multifunctional wetlands. Through this process, we find that there is a need for a change in scale from a focus on single wetlands to wetlandscapes (multiple neighboring wetlands including their catchments and surrounding landscape features) if multiple societal and environmental goals are to be achieved. Finally, we discuss the key factors to be considered when planning for re-establishment of wetlands that can support achievement of a wide range of objectives at the landscape scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Hambäck
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - L Dawson
- School of Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - P Geranmayeh
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Jarsjö
- Dept of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Kačergytė
- Dept of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Peacock
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Dept of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - D Collentine
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Destouni
- Dept of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Futter
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Hugelius
- Dept of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hedman
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Eldsberga, Sweden
| | - S Jonsson
- Dept of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B K Klatt
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Eldsberga, Sweden; Dept of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Lindström
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J E Nilsson
- Dept of Environmental and Biosciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden; Dept of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Pärt
- Dept of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L D Schneider
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Eldsberga, Sweden
| | - J A Strand
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Eldsberga, Sweden
| | | | - D Åhlén
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Åhlén
- Dept of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Blicharska
- Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Dept of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shi S, He X, He L, Fan X, Shu B, Zhou J, He Q. Overlooked pathways of endogenous simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactors with organic supplementation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119493. [PMID: 36634530 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (A/O/A) process is a promising biotechnology to intensify denitrification in low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) wastewater treatment, but the neglected typical rate-limiting step-nitrification-would hinder its wider application. Heterotrophic nitrification driven by intracellular carbon (PHAs) could enhance nitrification and achieve endogenous simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (ESND) in the A/O/A process, but its feasibility remains unexamined. Here we established four A/O/A-SBRs at different C/N ratios (3, 7.5, 12, and 16.5) to address the above-mentioned knowledge gaps. The results showed that organic supplementation promoted both nitrification and denitrification (performance and relevant enzymatic activities) until organic overdose (C/N = 16.5) exacerbated niche competitions from other non-functional heterotrophs. qPCR and batch tests indicated that high C/N ratios inhibited autotrophic nitrifiers, and heterotrophic nitrifiers (HNB) dominated in the enhanced nitrification. Given the high HNB contribution (43.7%) and low COD variation (< 10 mg L-1) in the SND (76.4%) of CN12, we proposed a potential SND pathway based on heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification driven by PHAs and verified it with batch tests. Microbial and functional analyses suggested that CN12 favored the intracellular carbon transformation and harbored the minimum autotrophic nitrifiers, supporting the dominance of ESND in the enhanced SND. Our findings expand the understanding of the relationships between intracellular carbon transformation and SND and provide a novel nitrogen removal pathway for the practical application of the A/O/A process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuohui Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xuejie He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fluet-Chouinard E, Stocker BD, Zhang Z, Malhotra A, Melton JR, Poulter B, Kaplan JO, Goldewijk KK, Siebert S, Minayeva T, Hugelius G, Joosten H, Barthelmes A, Prigent C, Aires F, Hoyt AM, Davidson N, Finlayson CM, Lehner B, Jackson RB, McIntyre PB. Extensive global wetland loss over the past three centuries. Nature 2023; 614:281-286. [PMID: 36755174 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands have long been drained for human use, thereby strongly affecting greenhouse gas fluxes, flood control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity1,2. Nevertheless, the global extent of natural wetland loss remains remarkably uncertain3. Here, we reconstruct the spatial distribution and timing of wetland loss through conversion to seven human land uses between 1700 and 2020, by combining national and subnational records of drainage and conversion with land-use maps and simulated wetland extents. We estimate that 3.4 million km2 (confidence interval 2.9-3.8) of inland wetlands have been lost since 1700, primarily for conversion to croplands. This net loss of 21% (confidence interval 16-23%) of global wetland area is lower than that suggested previously by extrapolations of data disproportionately from high-loss regions. Wetland loss has been concentrated in Europe, the United States and China, and rapidly expanded during the mid-twentieth century. Our reconstruction elucidates the timing and land-use drivers of global wetland losses, providing an improved historical baseline to guide assessment of wetland loss impact on Earth system processes, conservation planning to protect remaining wetlands and prioritization of sites for wetland restoration4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Fluet-Chouinard
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jed O Kaplan
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kees Klein Goldewijk
- Faculty of Geosciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Joosten
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peatland Studies and Paleoecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexandra Barthelmes
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peatland Studies and Paleoecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Catherine Prigent
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, Paris, France.,Estellus, Paris, France
| | - Filipe Aires
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, Paris, France.,Estellus, Paris, France
| | - Alison M Hoyt
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nick Davidson
- Nick Davidson Environmental, Queens House, Wigmore, UK.,Gulbali Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Max Finlayson
- Gulbali Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, New South Wales, Australia.,IHE Delft, Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Lehner
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou X, Johnston SE, Bogard MJ. Organic matter cycling in a model restored wetland receiving complex effluent. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2023; 162:237-255. [PMID: 36714388 PMCID: PMC9873720 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-022-01002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Wetlands have been used to treat anthropogenic effluents for decades due to their intense biogeochemical processes that transform and uptake nutrients, organic matter, and toxins. Despite these known functions, we lack generalizable knowledge of effluent-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) cycling in wetlands. Here, we quantify the cycling of DOM in one of Canada's more economically important wetland complexes (Frank Lake, Alberta), restored to hydrologic permanence in the 1980s using urban and agro-industrial effluents. Optical analyses and PARAFAC (parallel factor analysis) modelling showed a clear compositional change from more bioavailable and protein-like DOM at effluent input sites to more aromatic and humic-like at the wetland outflow, likely due to DOM processing and inputs from marsh plants and wetland soils. Microbial incubations showed that effluent DOM was rapidly consumed, with the half-life of DOM increasing from as low as 35 days for effluent, to 462 days at the outflow, as a function of compositional shifts toward aromatic, humic-like material. Long-term averaged dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export was low compared to many wetlands (10.3 ± 2.0 g C m-2 yr-1). Consistent with predictions based on water residence time, our mass balance showed Frank Lake was a net source of DOM across all measured years, but shifted from a source to sink among wet and drought years that respectively shortened or lengthened the water residence and DOM processing times. Overall, Frank Lake processes and transforms effluent DOM, despite being a longer-term net source of DOM to downstream environments. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-022-01002-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzi Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Sarah Ellen Johnston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Martin DM, Jacobs AD, McLean C, Canick MR, Boomer K. Using Structured Decision Making to Evaluate Wetland Restoration Opportunities in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:950-964. [PMID: 36208345 PMCID: PMC9622542 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wetland restoration is an important water quality and climate resilience strategy. Wetland restoration rarely considers tradeoffs at large spatial and temporal scales, which limits capacity to aid decision makers. High resolution data can reveal hundreds to thousands of possible restoration options across a landscape, but guidance for setting restoration targets at these scales is limited. This study uses structured decision making (SDM) as a process for evaluating the desirability of numerous restoration options, with a case study on the Outer Coastal Plain of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. The Nature Conservancy, in partnership with federal, state, and nonprofit organizations, evaluated a decision to target large-scale wetland restoration based on two fundamental objectives: improve water quality and enhance climate resilience. A total of 964 potentially restorable alternatives were delineated across the study area. The alternatives were evaluated on seven water quality and climate resilience criteria. High-priority alternatives were mapped based on multi-criteria ranking methods and principal component analysis. Sensitivity analysis included varying nutrient load data, implementing multiple ranking methods with different assumptions, and varying criteria weights. The maps revealed seven distinct regions of restoration opportunities. Tradeoffs were evaluated to distinguish between desirable and less desirable regions. Results indicated that three regions were promising choices to initiate landowner engagement and outreach. This study highlights the advantages of SDM to structure large-scale restoration decisions. In doing so, our work offers a roadmap toward further developing SDM in future applied restoration contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Martin
- Maryland/DC Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, 425 Barlow Place, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Amy D Jacobs
- Maryland/DC Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, 425 Barlow Place, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Chase McLean
- Maryland/DC Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, 425 Barlow Place, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Michelle R Canick
- Maryland/DC Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, 425 Barlow Place, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kathleen Boomer
- Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research, 401 9th Street NW, Suite 630, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang W, Li H, Pueppke SG. Direct measurements of dissolved N 2 and N 2O highlight the strong nitrogen (N) removal potential of riverine wetlands in a headwater stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157538. [PMID: 35872204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing levels of nitrogen (N) in aquatic ecosystems due to intensified human activities is focusing attention on N removal mechanisms as a means to mitigate environmental damage. Important N removal processes such as denitrification can resolve this issue by converting N to gaseous emissions. Here, the spatiotemporal variability of N removal rates in China's Zhongtian River, a headwater stream that contains wetlands, was investigated by quantifying gaseous emissions of the main end products, N2 and N2O, using the water-air exchange model. Excess concentrations of these gases relative to their saturations in the water column generally varied within 1.4-8.7 μmol L-1 and 8.7-20.3 nmol L-1, with mean values of 4.5 μmol L-1 and 13.7 nmol L-1, respectively, demonstrating significant N removal in the river. The reach with wetlands was characterized by higher in-stream N2 production than the non-wetland reach, especially in July, when aquatic vegetation is most abundant. High N2O emissions during the same period in the non-wetland reach indicate that environmental conditions associated with vegetation are conducive to N2 production and likely constrain N2O emission. Changes in dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and carbon to nitrogen ratios are correlated with the observed spatiotemporal variabilities in gaseous N production. The mean N removal rate in the wetland reach was roughly twice that in the non-wetland reach, i.e., 22.4 vs. 10.3 mmol N m-2 d-1, while the corresponding efficiency was about five times as high, i.e., 15 % vs. 3 %. This study reveals the spatiotemporal patterns of in-stream N removal in a headwater stream and highlights the efficacy of wetlands in N removal. The data provide a strong rationale for constructing artificial wetlands as a means to mitigate N pollution and thereby optimize riverine environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangshou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hengpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Steven G Pueppke
- Asia Hub, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sadayappan K, Kerins D, Shen C, Li L. Nitrate concentrations predominantly driven by human, climate, and soil properties in US rivers. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119295. [PMID: 36323218 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is one of the most widespread and persistent pollutants in our time. Our understanding of nitrate dynamics has advanced substantially in the past decades, although its predominant drivers across gradients of climate, land use, and geology have remained elusive. Here we collated nitrate data from 2061 rivers along with 32 watershed characteristic indexes and developed machine learning models to reconstruct long-term mean (multi-year average) nitrate concentrations in the contiguous United States (CONUS). The trained models show similarly satisfactory model performance and can predict nitrate concentrations in chemically-ungauged places with about 70% accuracy. Further analysis revealed that five (out of 32) indexes (drivers) can explain about 70% of spatial variations in mean nitrate concentrations. The five influential drivers are nitrogen application rates Nrate and urban area Aurban% (human drivers), mean annual precipitation and temperature (climate drivers), and sand percent Sand% (soil property driver). Nitrate concentrations in undeveloped sites are primarily modulated by climate and soil property; they decrease with increasing mean discharge and Sand%. Nitrate concentrations in agriculture and urban sites increase with Nrate and Aurban% until reaching their apparent maxima around 10,000 kg/km2/yr and around 25%, respectively. Results indicate that nitrate concentrations may remain similar or increase with growing human population. In addition, nitrate concentrations can increase even without human input, as warming escalates water demand and reduces mean discharge in many places. These results allude to a conceptual model that highlights the impacts of distinct drivers: while human drivers predominate nitrogen input to land and rivers, climate drivers and soil properties modulate its transport and transformation, the balance of which determine long-term mean concentrations. Such mechanism-based insights and forecasting capabilities are essential for water management as we expect changing climate and growing agriculture and urbanization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Sadayappan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Devon Kerins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chaopeng Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Stryszowska‐Hill KM, Baumann KA, Whiteman HH, Flinn MB. Wetlands Reserve Program restorations improve floristic quality of understory plant community over time, but community differs from reference wetlands. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga M. Stryszowska‐Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, 102 Curris Center Murray Kentucky 42071 U.S.A
| | - Karen A. Baumann
- Department of Biological Sciences Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, 102 Curris Center Murray Kentucky 42071 U.S.A
| | - Howard H. Whiteman
- Department of Biological Sciences Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, 102 Curris Center Murray Kentucky 42071 U.S.A
| | - Michael B. Flinn
- Department of Biological Sciences Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, 102 Curris Center Murray Kentucky 42071 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Iram N, Maher DT, Lovelock CE, Baker T, Cadier C, Adame MF. Climate change mitigation and improvement of water quality from the restoration of a subtropical coastal wetland. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2620. [PMID: 35389535 PMCID: PMC9285723 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetland restoration is an important activity to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets, improve water quality, and reach the Sustainable Development Goals. However, many uncertainties remain in connection with achieving, measuring, and reporting success from coastal wetland restoration. We measured levels of carbon (C) abatement and nitrogen (N) removal potential of restored coastal wetlands in subtropical Queensland, Australia. The site was originally a supratidal forest composed of Melaleuca spp. that was cleared and drained in the 1990s for sugarcane production. In 2010, tidal inundation was reinstated, and a mosaic of coastal vegetation (saltmarshes, mangroves, and supratidal forests) emerged. We measured soil GHG fluxes (CH4 , N2 O, CO2 ) and sequestration of organic C in the trees and soil to estimate the net C abatement associated with the reference, converted, and restored sites. To assess the influence of restoration on water quality improvement, we measured denitrification and soil N accumulation. We calculated C abatement of 18.5 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 year-1 when sugarcane land transitioned to supratidal forests, 11.0 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 year-1 when the land transitioned to mangroves, and 6.2 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 year-1 when the land transitioned to saltmarshes. The C abatement was due to tree growth, soil accumulation, and reduced N2 O emissions due to the cessation of fertilization. Carbon abatement was still positive, even accounting for CH4 emissions, which increased in the wetlands due to flooding and N2 O production due to enhanced levels of denitrification. Coastal wetland restoration in this subtropical setting effectively reduces CO2 emissions while providing additional cobenefits, notably water quality improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naima Iram
- Coastal & Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Damien T. Maher
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Catherine E. Lovelock
- The School of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tallis Baker
- The School of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Charles Cadier
- Coastal & Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Maria F. Adame
- Coastal & Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Evolution of Ecological Patterns of Poyang Lake Wetland Landscape over the Last One Hundred Years Based on Historical Topographic Maps and Landsat Images. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecological pattern evolution of Poyang Lake wetland, the largest freshwater lake in China, is critical for regional ecological protection and sustainable development of migratory bird habitats; however, this information is still not fully explored. In this study, we quantitatively reconstructed the spatial distribution and landscape ecological pattern of Poyang Lake wetlands in three periods in the past 100 years based on the military topographic map in the 1930s and the Landsat satellite remote sensing image data in 1979 and 2021. Further, use the Fragstats software to analyze the ecological pattern index of wetland reconstruction results. The results show that the wetland area in the Poyang Lake region has experienced a continuous reduction process over the past 100 years, and it decreased from 3857 km2 in the 1930s to 3673 km2 in the 1970s, and then to 3624 km2 in the 2020s. The current wetland area has decreased by about 6.04% compared with the 1930s. The general trend of changes in the spatial pattern of Poyang Lake wetlands is that the surface water decreases and the open land increases. Nevertheless, the trend has certain spatial differences as a large area of wetlands disappeared in the southwest and west of Poyang Lake and the areas with enlarged wetland density values mainly appeared in the northeastern and northern parts of the study area. The NP (number of patches) in the wetlands of Poyang Lake over the past 100 years showed a downward trend during the 1930s–1970s, and an increasing trend during the 1970s–2010s. Due to the increases of constructed wetlands, the number and density of patches also increased, and PD (patch density) reached a maximum value of 0.142 in 2020s. The LPI (largest patch index) has shown a gradual downward trend in the past 100 years. Compared with the 1930s, the wetlands in 2020s dropped by about 26.64%, and the wetlands further showed a trend of fragmentation. The AI index, which indicates the concentration of wetland patches, reached the maximum value in 2020s, but the LSI (landscape shape index) showed a downward trend in general, indicating that the shape of wetland patches has been simplified over the past 100 years. The research results can provide basic data and decision-making basis for Poyang Lake wetland protection, construction of migratory bird reserve and regional sustainable development.
Collapse
|
41
|
The Applicability of LandTrendr to Surface Water Dynamics: A Case Study of Minnesota from 1984 to 2019 Using Google Earth Engine. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The means to accurately monitor wetland change over time are crucial to wetland management. This paper explores the applicability of LandTrendr, a temporal segmentation algorithm designed to identify significant interannual trends, to monitor wetlands by modeling surface water presence in Minnesota from 1984 to 2019. A time series of harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data in the spring is developed in Google Earth Engine, and calculated to sub-pixel water fraction. The optimal parameters for modeling this time series with LandTrendr are identified by minimizing omission of known surface water locations, and the result of this optimal model of sub-pixel water fraction is evaluated against reference images and qualitatively. Accuracy of this method is high: overall accuracy is 98% and producer’s and user’s accuracies for inundation are 82% and 88% respectively. Maps summarizing the trendlines of multiple pixels, such as frequency of inundation over the past 35 years, also show LandTrendr as applied here can accurately model long-term trends in surface water presence across wetland types. However, the tendency of omission for more variable prairie pothole wetlands and the under-prediction of inundation for small or emergent wetlands suggests the algorithm will require careful development of the segmented time series to capture inundated conditions more accurately.
Collapse
|
42
|
Cao H, Henze DK, Zhu L, Shephard MW, Cady‐Pereira K, Dammers E, Sitwell M, Heath N, Lonsdale C, Bash JO, Miyazaki K, Flechard C, Fauvel Y, Kruit RW, Feigenspan S, Brümmer C, Schrader F, Twigg MM, Leeson S, Tang YS, Stephens ACM, Braban C, Vincent K, Meier M, Seitler E, Geels C, Ellermann T, Sanocka A, Capps SL. 4D-Var Inversion of European NH 3 Emissions Using CrIS NH 3 Measurements and GEOS-Chem Adjoint With Bi-Directional and Uni-Directional Flux Schemes. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2021JD035687. [PMID: 35865809 PMCID: PMC9286853 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We conduct the first 4D-Var inversion of NH3 accounting for NH3 bi-directional flux, using CrIS satellite NH3 observations over Europe in 2016. We find posterior NH3 emissions peak more in springtime than prior emissions at continental to national scales, and annually they are generally smaller than the prior emissions over central Europe, but larger over most of the rest of Europe. Annual posterior anthropogenic NH3 emissions for 25 European Union members (EU25) are 25% higher than the prior emissions and very close (<2% difference) to other inventories. Our posterior annual anthropogenic emissions for EU25, the UK, the Netherlands, and Switzerland are generally 10%-20% smaller than when treating NH3 fluxes as uni-directional emissions, while the monthly regional difference can be up to 34% (Switzerland in July). Compared to monthly mean in-situ observations, our posterior NH3 emissions from both schemes generally improve the magnitude and seasonality of simulated surface NH3 and bulk NH x wet deposition throughout most of Europe, whereas evaluation against hourly measurements at a background site shows the bi-directional scheme better captures observed diurnal variability of surface NH3. This contrast highlights the need for accurately simulating diurnal variability of NH3 in assimilation of sun-synchronous observations and also the potential value of future geostationary satellite observations. Overall, our top-down ammonia emissions can help to examine the effectiveness of air pollution control policies to facilitate future air pollution management, as well as helping us understand the uncertainty in top-down NH3 emissions estimates associated with treatment of NH3 surface exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liye Zhu
- Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | | | | | - Enrico Dammers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)Climate Air and Sustainability (CAS)UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Nicholas Heath
- Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc.LexingtonMAUSA
| | - Chantelle Lonsdale
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA
| | | | - Kazuyuki Miyazaki
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Christophe Flechard
- INRAE (National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment)UMR SASAgrocampus OuestRennesFrance
| | - Yannick Fauvel
- INRAE (National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment)UMR SASAgrocampus OuestRennesFrance
| | - Roy Wichink Kruit
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Meier
- Forschungsstelle für UmweltbeobachtungSankt GallenSwitzerland
| | - Eva Seitler
- Forschungsstelle für UmweltbeobachtungSankt GallenSwitzerland
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental ScienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Thomas Ellermann
- Department of Environmental ScienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Shannon L. Capps
- Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering DepartmentDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSAmailto:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shi S, He L, Zhou Y, Fan X, Lin Z, He X, Zhou J. Response of nitrogen removal performance and microbial community to a wide range of pH in thermophilic denitrification system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127061. [PMID: 35351554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic biological nitrogen removal would be a promising alternative to conventional approaches for the treatment of high-temperature wastewater. In this study, the response of thermophilic denitrification system (50 °C) to a wide range of pH (3-11) was investigated. The results showed that thermophilic denitrification could adapt to pH 5-11, but suffered from obvious nitrite and ammonia accumulation at pH 3. Microbial insights indicated that the enrichment of specific functional thermophiles has contributed to the tolerance towards unfavorable pH. Besides, the potential selecting advantage of nitrate reducing bacteria over nitrite reducing bacteria and the enrichment of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) bacteria could be responsible for the nitrite and ammonia accumulation at pH 3. Moreover, the functional gene prediction denoted higher narG/(nirK + nirS) and nrfA at pH 3, which could facilitate partial denitrification and DNRA. These findings could provide new insight into the application of thermophilic biological nitrogen removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuohui Shi
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xuejie He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Park J, Kumar M, Lane CR, Basu NB. Seasonality of inundation in geographically isolated wetlands across the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2022; 17:1-54005. [PMID: 35662858 PMCID: PMC9161429 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inundation area is a major control on the ecosystem services provisioned by geographically isolated wetlands. Despite its importance, there has not been any comprehensive study to map out the seasonal inundation characteristics of geographically isolated wetlands over the continental United States (CONUS). This study fills the aforementioned gap by evaluating the seasonality or the long-term intra-annual variations of wetland inundation in ten wetlandscapes across the CONUS. We also assess the consistency of these intra-annual variations. Finally, we evaluate the extent to which the seasonality can be explained based on widely available hydrologic fluxes. Our findings highlight significant intra-annual variations of inundation within most wetlandscapes, with a standard deviation of the long-term averaged monthly inundation area ranging from 15% to 151% of its mean across the wetlandscapes. Stark differences in inundation seasonality are observed between snow-affected vs. rain-fed wetlandscapes. The former usually shows the maximum monthly inundation in April following spring snowmelt (SM), while the latter experiences the maximum in February. Although the magnitude of inundation fraction has changed over time in several wetlandscapes, the seasonality of these wetlands shows remarkable constancy. Overall, commonly available regional hydrologic fluxes (e.g. rainfall, SM, and evapotranspiration) are found to be able to explain the inundation seasonality at wetlandscape scale with determination coefficients greater than 0.57 in 7 out of 10 wetlandscapes. Our methodology and presented results may be used to map inundation seasonality and consequently account for its impact on wetland functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junehyeong Park
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States of America
| | - Charles R Lane
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Nandita B Basu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Enhanced nitrate removal and nitrogen-selective conversion mechanism of a combined sponge iron/biochar/manganese sand system. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
AbstractWatershed resilience is the ability of a watershed to maintain its characteristic system state while concurrently resisting, adapting to, and reorganizing after hydrological (for example, drought, flooding) or biogeochemical (for example, excessive nutrient) disturbances. Vulnerable waters include non-floodplain wetlands and headwater streams, abundant watershed components representing the most distal extent of the freshwater aquatic network. Vulnerable waters are hydrologically dynamic and biogeochemically reactive aquatic systems, storing, processing, and releasing water and entrained (that is, dissolved and particulate) materials along expanding and contracting aquatic networks. The hydrological and biogeochemical functions emerging from these processes affect the magnitude, frequency, timing, duration, storage, and rate of change of material and energy fluxes among watershed components and to downstream waters, thereby maintaining watershed states and imparting watershed resilience. We present here a conceptual framework for understanding how vulnerable waters confer watershed resilience. We demonstrate how individual and cumulative vulnerable-water modifications (for example, reduced extent, altered connectivity) affect watershed-scale hydrological and biogeochemical disturbance response and recovery, which decreases watershed resilience and can trigger transitions across thresholds to alternative watershed states (for example, states conducive to increased flood frequency or nutrient concentrations). We subsequently describe how resilient watersheds require spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in hydrological and biogeochemical interactions between terrestrial systems and down-gradient waters, which necessitates attention to the conservation and restoration of vulnerable waters and their downstream connectivity gradients. To conclude, we provide actionable principles for resilient watersheds and articulate research needs to further watershed resilience science and vulnerable-water management.
Collapse
|
47
|
Niu L, Xie X, Li Y, Hu Q, Wang C, Zhang W, Zhang H, Wang L. Effects of nitrogen on the longitudinal and vertical patterns of the composition and potential function of bacterial and archaeal communities in the tidal mudflats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151210. [PMID: 34715211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been focused on the diminishing health of coastal ecosystems. Understanding the effects of eutrophication on tidal flat ecosystems is beneficial for the restoration and management of coastal ecosystems. However, previous studies did not consider the effects of nitrogen on the structure and function of bacterial and archaeal communities in longitudinal and vertical profiles. Here, the diversity, composition, assembly mechanism, and potential metabolic function of the bacterial and archaeal communities were studied in two longitudinal tidal sections at different eutrophic levels. Nitrogen and salinity were the critical factors that influenced the bacterial and archaeal community composition using canonical correspondence and multivariate regression tree analyses. For the bacterial community, the higher nitrogen loading in tidal mudflats resulted in the convergence of diversity and structure in the longitudinal profile of bacteria, but divergence was detected in the vertical profile. For archaea, the diversity tended to be convergent in longitudinal and vertical profiles in the higher nitrogen area, but the change of structure was similar to that of bacteria. Besides the homogeneous processes influenced by salinity, the assembly process of the bacterial community was mainly influenced by heterogeneous selection (34.8%) and that of archaea by dispersal limitation (19.5%). However, the bacterial and archaeal communities in the higher nitrogen section presented more of an influence of heterogeneous selection (respectively, 39 and 5.6%) than that of the lower nitrogen section (respectively, 10 and 0.2%). Structural equation modeling indicated that nitrogen may have inhibited the effects of the bacterial community on nitrogen turnover in nitrogen-rich anoxic sediment environments, but may have strengthened the effect of the archaeal community on carbon metabolism compared to bacteria. This work deepens our understanding of the responses of bacterial and archaeal community structure and potential function to nitrogen pollution in tidal mudflats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Qing Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Frei RJ, Lawson GM, Norris AJ, Cano G, Vargas MC, Kujanpää E, Hopkins A, Brown B, Sabo R, Brahney J, Abbott BW. Limited progress in nutrient pollution in the U.S. caused by spatially persistent nutrient sources. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258952. [PMID: 34843503 PMCID: PMC8629290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human agriculture, wastewater, and use of fossil fuels have saturated ecosystems with nitrogen and phosphorus, threatening biodiversity and human water security at a global scale. Despite efforts to reduce nutrient pollution, carbon and nutrient concentrations have increased or remained high in many regions. Here, we applied a new ecohydrological framework to ~12,000 water samples collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from streams and lakes across the contiguous U.S. to identify spatial and temporal patterns in nutrient concentrations and leverage (an indicator of flux). For the contiguous U.S. and within ecoregions, we quantified trends for sites sampled repeatedly from 2000 to 2019, the persistence of spatial patterns over that period, and the patch size of nutrient sources and sinks. While we observed various temporal trends across ecoregions, the spatial patterns of nutrient and carbon concentrations in streams were persistent across and within ecoregions, potentially because of historical nutrient legacies, consistent nutrient sources, and inherent differences in nutrient removal capacity for various ecosystems. Watersheds showed strong critical source area dynamics in that 2-8% of the land area accounted for 75% of the estimated flux. Variability in nutrient contribution was greatest in catchments smaller than 250 km2 for most parameters. An ensemble of four machine learning models confirmed previously observed relationships between nutrient concentrations and a combination of land use and land cover, demonstrating how human activity and inherent nutrient removal capacity interactively determine nutrient balance. These findings suggest that targeted nutrient interventions in a small portion of the landscape could substantially improve water quality at continental scales. We recommend a dual approach of first prioritizing the reduction of nutrient inputs in catchments that exert disproportionate influence on downstream water chemistry, and second, enhancing nutrient removal capacity by restoring hydrological connectivity both laterally and vertically in stream networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Frei
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabriella M. Lawson
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Norris
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Cano
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Maria Camila Vargas
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Kujanpää
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Austin Hopkins
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brian Brown
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Robert Sabo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Janice Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Benjamin W. Abbott
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
How Waterlogged Conditions Influence the Nitrogen Dynamics in a Soil–Water–Plant System: Implications for Wetland Restoration. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13212957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing populations and industrialization have led to increased nitrogen (N) loads in wetland ecosystems. A micro-constructed wetland planted with Lythrum salicaria L. to treat artificial wastewater was used to investigate the short-term variations in the plant biomass and dynamics of total nitrogen (TN) content. Our results showed that the biomass of Lythrum salicaria L. rapidly increased during the experiment due to their extensive root system and vigorous spread, and waterlogged conditions had little effect on the relationship between biomass and the TN content in soil and effluent. Under different waterlogged conditions, the TN removal rates in the water were all greater than 60%, providing a reference for the waterlogged conditions used in wetland eutrophication restoration.
Collapse
|
50
|
|