1
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Ojeda Collado HP, Michael MH, Skulte J, Rubio A, Mathey L. Equilibrium Parametric Amplification in Raman-Cavity Hybrids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:116901. [PMID: 39331971 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.116901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Parametric resonances and amplification have led to extraordinary photoinduced phenomena in pump-probe experiments. While these phenomena manifest themselves in out-of-equilibrium settings, here, we present the striking result of parametric amplification in equilibrium. We demonstrate that quantum and thermal fluctuations of a Raman-active mode amplifies light inside a cavity, at equilibrium, when the Raman mode frequency is twice the cavity mode frequency. This noise-driven amplification leads to the creation of an unusual parametric Raman polariton, intertwining the Raman mode with cavity squeezing fluctuations, with smoking gun signatures in Raman spectroscopy. In the resonant regime, we show the emergence of not only quantum light amplification but also localization and static shift of the Raman mode. Apart from the fundamental interest of equilibrium parametric amplification, our Letter suggests a resonant mechanism for controlling Raman modes and thus matter properties by cavity fluctuations. We conclude by outlining how to compute the Raman-cavity coupling, and suggest possible experimental realizations.
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2
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Riso RR, Ronca E, Koch H. Strong Coupling to Circularly Polarized Photons: Toward Cavity-Induced Enantioselectivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8838-8844. [PMID: 39167677 PMCID: PMC11372830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of new methodologies for the selective synthesis of individual enantiomers is still one of the major challenges in synthetic chemistry. Many biomolecules, and also many pharmaceutical compounds, are indeed chiral. While the use of chiral reactants or catalysts has led to substantial progress in the field of asymmetric synthesis, a systematic approach applicable to general reactions has still not been proposed. In this work, we demonstrate that strong coupling to circularly polarized fields can induce asymmetry in otherwise nonselective reactions. Specifically, we show that the field induces stereoselectivity in the early stages of chemical reactions by selecting an energetically preferred direction of approach for the reagents. Although the effects observed thus far are too small to significantly drive asymmetric synthesis, our results provide a proof of principle for field-induced stereoselective mechanisms. These findings lay the groundwork for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario R Riso
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Enrico Ronca
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Warren S, Wang Y, Benavides-Riveros CL, Mazziotti DA. Exact Ansatz of Fermion-Boson Systems for a Quantum Device. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:080202. [PMID: 39241718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
We present an exact Ansatz for the eigenstate problem of mixed fermion-boson systems that can be implemented on quantum devices. Based on a generalization of the electronic contracted Schrödinger equation (CSE), our approach guides a trial wave function to the ground state of any arbitrary mixed Hamiltonian by directly measuring residuals of the mixed CSE on a quantum device. Unlike density functional and coupled cluster theories applied to electron-phonon or electron-photon systems, the accuracy of our approach is not limited by the unknown exchange-correlation functional or the uncontrolled form of the exponential Ansatz. To test the performance of the method, we study the Tavis-Cummings model, commonly used in polaritonic quantum chemistry. Our results demonstrate that the CSE is a powerful tool in the development of quantum algorithms for solving general fermion-boson many-body problems.
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4
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Brenes M, Min B, Anto-Sztrikacs N, Bar-Gill N, Segal D. Bath-induced interactions and transient dynamics in open quantum systems at strong coupling: Effective Hamiltonian approach. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:244106. [PMID: 38916270 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of dissipative quantum systems, particularly beyond the weak coupling approximation, is central to various quantum applications. While numerically exact methods provide accurate solutions, they often lack the analytical insight provided by theoretical approaches. In this study, we employ the recently developed method dubbed the effective Hamiltonian theory to understand the dynamics of system-bath configurations without resorting to a perturbative description of the system-bath coupling energy. Through a combination of mapping steps and truncation, the effective Hamiltonian theory offers both analytical insights into signatures of strong couplings in open quantum systems and a straightforward path for numerical simulations. To validate the accuracy of the method, we apply it to two canonical models: a single spin immersed in a bosonic bath and two noninteracting spins in a common bath. In both cases, we study the transient regime and the steady state limit at nonzero temperature and spanning system-bath interactions from the weak to the strong regime. By comparing the results of the effective Hamiltonian theory with numerically exact simulations, we show that although the former overlooks non-Markovian features in the transient equilibration dynamics, it correctly captures non-perturbative bath-generated couplings between otherwise non-interacting spins, as observed in their synchronization dynamics and correlations. Altogether, the effective Hamiltonian theory offers a powerful approach for understanding strong coupling dynamics and thermodynamics, capturing the signatures of such interactions in both relaxation dynamics and in the steady state limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Brenes
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Brett Min
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Nicholas Anto-Sztrikacs
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Nir Bar-Gill
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dvira Segal
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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5
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Pu S, Balram AC, Taylor J, Fradkin E, Papić Z. Microscopic Model for Fractional Quantum Hall Nematics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:236503. [PMID: 38905694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.236503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Geometric fluctuations of the density mode in a fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state can give rise to a nematic FQH phase, a topological state with a spontaneously broken rotational symmetry. While experiments on FQH states in the second Landau level have reported signatures of putative FQH nematics in anisotropic transport, a realistic model for this state has been lacking. We show that the standard model of particles in the lowest Landau level interacting via the Coulomb potential realizes the FQH nematic transition, which is reached by a progressive reduction of the strength of the shortest-range Haldane pseudopotential. Using exact diagonalization and variational wave functions, we demonstrate that the FQH nematic transition occurs when the system's neutral gap closes in the long-wavelength limit while the charge gap remains open. We confirm the symmetry-breaking nature of the transition by demonstrating the existence of a "circular moat" potential in the manifold of states with broken rotational symmetry, while its geometric character is revealed through the strong fluctuations of the nematic susceptibility and Hall viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Fradkin
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Anthony J. Leggett Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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6
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Jiang C, Baggioli M, Jiang QD. Engineering Flat Bands in Twisted-Bilayer Graphene away from the Magic Angle with Chiral Optical Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:166901. [PMID: 38701473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.166901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) is a recently discovered two-dimensional superlattice structure which exhibits strongly correlated quantum many-body physics, including strange metallic behavior and unconventional superconductivity. Most of TBG exotic properties are connected to the emergence of a pair of isolated and topological flat electronic bands at the so-called magic angle, θ≈1.05°, which are nevertheless very fragile. In this work, we show that, by employing chiral optical cavities, the topological flat bands can be stabilized away from the magic angle in an interval of approximately 0.8°<θ<1.3°. As highlighted by a simplified theoretical model, time reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB), induced by the chiral nature of the cavity, plays a fundamental role in flattening the isolated bands and gapping out the rest of the spectrum. Additionally, TRSB suppresses the Berry curvature and induces a topological phase transition, with a gap closing at the Γ point, towards a band structure with two isolated flat bands with Chern number equal to 0. The efficiency of the cavity is discussed as a function of the twisting angle, the light-matter coupling and the optical cavity characteristic frequency. Our results demonstrate the possibility of engineering flat bands in TBG using optical devices, extending the onset of strongly correlated topological electronic phases in moiré superlattices to a wider range in the twisting angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyuan Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315,China
| | - Matteo Baggioli
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315,China
| | - Qing-Dong Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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7
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Wang Y, Dou W. Electron Transfer at Molecule-Metal Interfaces under Floquet Engineering: Rate Constant and Floquet Marcus Theory. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:160-166. [PMID: 38560755 PMCID: PMC10979498 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) at molecule-metal or molecule-semiconductor interfaces is a fundamental reaction that underlies all electrochemical processes and substrate-mediated surface photochemistry. In this study, we show that ET rates near a metal surface can be significantly manipulated by periodic driving (e.g., Floquet engineering). We employ the Floquet surface hopping and Floquet electronic friction algorithms developed previously to calculate the ET rates near the metal surface as a function of driving amplitudes and driving frequencies. We find that ET rates have a turnover effect when the driving frequencies increase. A Floquet Marcus theory is further formulated to analyze such a turnover effect. We then benchmark the Floquet Marcus theory against Floquet surface hopping and Floquet electronic friction methods, indicating that the Floquet Marcus theory works in the strong nonadiabatic regimes but fails in the weak nonadiabatic regimes. We hope these theoretical tools will be useful to study ET rates in the plasmonic cavity and plasmon-assisted photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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8
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Gao B, Suárez-Forero DG, Sarkar S, Huang TS, Session D, Mehrabad MJ, Ni R, Xie M, Upadhyay P, Vannucci J, Mittal S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Imamoglu A, Zhou Y, Hafezi M. Excitonic Mott insulator in a Bose-Fermi-Hubbard system of moiré WS 2/WSe 2 heterobilayer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2305. [PMID: 38485728 PMCID: PMC11258127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the Hubbard model is crucial for investigating various quantum many-body states and its fermionic and bosonic versions have been largely realized separately. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides heterobilayers have emerged as a promising platform for simulating the rich physics of the Hubbard model. In this work, we explore the interplay between fermionic and bosonic populations, using a WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer device that hosts this hybrid particle density. We independently tune the fermionic and bosonic populations by electronic doping and optical injection of electron-hole pairs, respectively. This enables us to form strongly interacting excitons that are manifested in a large energy gap in the photoluminescence spectrum. The incompressibility of excitons is further corroborated by observing a suppression of exciton diffusion with increasing pump intensity, as opposed to the expected behavior of a weakly interacting gas of bosons, suggesting the formation of a bosonic Mott insulator. We explain our observations using a two-band model including phase space filling. Our system provides a controllable approach to the exploration of quantum many-body effects in the generalized Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Gao
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Supratik Sarkar
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tsung-Sheng Huang
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Deric Session
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruihao Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ming Xie
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Pranshoo Upadhyay
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Vannucci
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sunil Mittal
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Atac Imamoglu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Eckhardt CJ, Chattopadhyay S, Kennes DM, Demler EA, Sentef MA, Michael MH. Theory of resonantly enhanced photo-induced superconductivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2300. [PMID: 38485935 PMCID: PMC10940728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical driving of materials has emerged as a versatile tool to control their properties, with photo-induced superconductivity being among the most fascinating examples. In this work, we show that light or lattice vibrations coupled to an electronic interband transition naturally give rise to electron-electron attraction that may be enhanced when the underlying boson is driven into a non-thermal state. We find this phenomenon to be resonantly amplified when tuning the boson's frequency close to the energy difference between the two electronic bands. This result offers a simple microscopic mechanism for photo-induced superconductivity and provides a recipe for designing new platforms in which light-induced superconductivity can be realized. We discuss two-dimensional heterostructures as a potential test ground for light-induced superconductivity concretely proposing a setup consisting of a graphene-hBN-SrTiO3 heterostructure, for which we estimate a superconducting Tc that may be achieved upon driving the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Eckhardt
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dante M Kennes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugene A Demler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Marios H Michael
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular Polaritons for Chemistry, Photonics and Quantum Technologies. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2512-2552. [PMID: 38416701 PMCID: PMC10941193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the hybridization between molecular and photonic modes. These composite entities, bearing characteristics inherited from both constituents, exhibit modified energy levels and wave functions, thereby capturing the attention of chemists in the past decade. The potential to modify chemical reactions has spurred many investigations, alongside efforts to enhance and manipulate optical responses for photonic and quantum applications. This Review centers on the experimental advances in this burgeoning field. Commencing with an introduction of the fundamentals, including theoretical foundations and various cavity architectures, we discuss outcomes of polariton-modified chemical reactions. Furthermore, we navigate through the ongoing debates and uncertainties surrounding the underpinning mechanism of this innovative method of controlling chemistry. Emphasis is placed on gaining a comprehensive understanding of the energy dynamics of molecular polaritons, in particular, vibrational molecular polaritons─a pivotal facet in steering chemical reactions. Additionally, we discuss the unique capability of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to dissect polariton and dark mode dynamics, offering insights into the critical components within the cavity that alter chemical reactions. We further expand to the potential utility of molecular polaritons in quantum applications as well as precise manipulation of molecular and photonic polarizations, notably in the context of chiral phenomena. This discussion aspires to ignite deeper curiosity and engagement in revealing the physics underpinning polariton-modified molecular properties, and a broad fascination with harnessing photonic environments to control chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries
of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San
Diego, California 92126, United States
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11
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Neufeld O, Hübener H, Giovannini UD, Rubio A. Tracking electron motion within and outside of Floquet bands from attosecond pulse trains in time-resolved ARPES. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:225401. [PMID: 38364263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2a0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Floquet engineering has recently emerged as a technique for controlling material properties with light. Floquet phases can be probed with time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (Tr-ARPES), providing direct access to the laser-dressed electronic bands. Applications of Tr-ARPES to date focused on observing the Floquet-Bloch bands themselves, and their build-up and dephasing on sub-laser-cycle timescales. However, momentum and energy resolved sub-laser-cycle dynamics between Floquet bands have not been analyzed. Given that Floquet theory strictly applies in time-periodic conditions, the notion of resolving sub-laser-cycle dynamics between Floquet states seems contradictory-it requires probe pulse durations below a laser cycle that inherently cannot discern the time-periodic nature of the light-matter system. Here we propose to employ attosecond pulse train probes with the same temporal periodicity as the Floquet-dressing pump pulse, allowing both attosecond sub-laser-cycle resolution and a proper projection of Tr-ARPES spectra on the Floquet-Bloch bands. We formulate and employ this approach inab-initiocalculations in light-driven graphene. Our calculations predict significant sub-laser-cycle dynamics occurring within the Floquet phase with the majority of electrons moving within and in-between Floquet bands, and a small portion residing and moving outside of them in what we denote as 'non-Floquet' bands. We establish that non-Floquet bands arise from the pump laser envelope that induces non-adiabatic electronic excitations during the pulse turn-on and turn-off. By performing calculations in systems with poly-chromatic pumps we also show that Floquet states are not formed on a sub-laser-cycle level. This work indicates that the Floquet-Bloch states are generally not a complete basis set for sub-laser-cycle dynamics in steady-state phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Hannes Hübener
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Umberto De Giovannini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Palermo I-90123, Italy
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
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12
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Cui ZH, Mandal A, Reichman DR. Variational Lang-Firsov Approach Plus Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory with Applications to Ab Initio Polariton Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 38300885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We apply the Lang-Firsov (LF) transformation to electron-boson coupled Hamiltonians and variationally optimize the transformation parameters and molecular orbital coefficients to determine the ground state. Møller-Plesset (MP-n, with n = 2 and 4) perturbation theory is then applied on top of the optimized LF mean-field state to improve the description of electron-electron and electron-boson correlations. The method (LF-MP) is applied to several electron-boson coupled systems, including the Hubbard-Holstein model, diatomic molecule dissociation (H2, HF), and the modification of proton transfer reactions (malonaldehyde and aminopropenal) via the formation of polaritons in an optical cavity. We show that with a correction for the electron-electron correlation, the method gives quantitatively accurate energies comparable to that by exact diagonalization or coupled-cluster theory. The effects of multiple photon modes, spin polarization, and the comparison to the coherent state MP theory are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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13
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Shin D, Rubio A, Tang P. Light-Induced Ideal Weyl Semimetal in HgTe via Nonlinear Phononics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:016603. [PMID: 38242673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.016603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between light and matter allow the realization of out-of-equilibrium states in quantum solids. In particular, nonlinear phononics is one of the most efficient approaches to realizing the stationary electronic state in nonequilibrium. Herein, by an extended ab initio molecular dynamics method, we identify that long-lived light-driven quasistationary geometry could stabilize the topological nature in the material family of HgTe compounds. We show that coherent excitation of the infrared-active phonon mode results in a distortion of the atomic geometry with a lifetime of several picoseconds. We show that four Weyl points are located exactly at the Fermi level in this nonequilibrium geometry, making it an ideal long-lived metastable Weyl semimetal. We propose that such a metastable topological phase can be identified by photoelectron spectroscopy of the Fermi arc surface states or ultrafast pump-probe transport measurements of the nonlinear Hall effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Shin
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Peizhe Tang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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14
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Dapolito M, Tsuneto M, Zheng W, Wehmeier L, Xu S, Chen X, Sun J, Du Z, Shao Y, Jing R, Zhang S, Bercher A, Dong Y, Halbertal D, Ravindran V, Zhou Z, Petrovic M, Gozar A, Carr GL, Li Q, Kuzmenko AB, Fogler MM, Basov DN, Du X, Liu M. Infrared nano-imaging of Dirac magnetoexcitons in graphene. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1409-1415. [PMID: 37605044 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic fields can have profound effects on the motion of electrons in quantum materials. Two-dimensional electron systems subject to strong magnetic fields are expected to exhibit quantized Hall conductivity, chiral edge currents and distinctive collective modes referred to as magnetoplasmons and magnetoexcitons. Generating these propagating collective modes in charge-neutral samples and imaging them at their native nanometre length scales have thus far been experimentally elusive. Here we visualize propagating magnetoexciton polaritons at their native length scales and report their magnetic-field-tunable dispersion in near-charge-neutral graphene. Imaging these collective modes and their associated nano-electro-optical responses allows us to identify polariton-modulated optical and photo-thermal electric effects at the sample edges, which are the most pronounced near charge neutrality. Our work is enabled by innovations in cryogenic near-field optical microscopy techniques that allow for the nano-imaging of the near-field responses of two-dimensional materials under magnetic fields up to 7 T. This nano-magneto-optics approach allows us to explore and manipulate magnetopolaritons in specimens with low carrier doping via harnessing high magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dapolito
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makoto Tsuneto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Suheng Xu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zengyi Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrien Bercher
- Département de Physique de la Matière Quantique, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Yinan Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorri Halbertal
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vibhu Ravindran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mila Petrovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Gozar
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Alexey B Kuzmenko
- Département de Physique de la Matière Quantique, Université de Genève, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xu Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
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15
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Liu S, Malik IA, Zhang VL, Yu T. Lightning the Spin: Harnessing the Potential of 2D Magnets in Opto-Spintronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306920. [PMID: 37905890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of 2D magnets in 2017, the diversity of these materials has greatly expanded. Their 2D nature (atomic-scale thickness) endows these magnets with strong magnetic anisotropy, layer-dependent and switchable magnetic order, and quantum-confined quasiparticles, which distinguish them from conventional 3D magnetic materials. Moreover, the 2D geometry facilitates light incidence for opto-spintronic applications and potential on-chip integration. In analogy to optoelectronics based on optical-electronic interactions, opto-spintronics use light-spin interactions to process spin information stored in the solid state. In this review, opto-spintronics is divided into three types with respect to the wavelengths of radiation interacting with 2D magnets: 1) GHz (microwave) to THz (mid-infrared), 2) visible, and 3) UV to X-rays. It is focused on the recent research advancements on the newly discovered mechanisms of light-spin interactions in 2D magnets and introduces the potential design of novel opto-spintronic applications based on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | | | - Vanessa Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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16
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Ruggenthaler M, Sidler D, Rubio A. Understanding Polaritonic Chemistry from Ab Initio Quantum Electrodynamics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11191-11229. [PMID: 37729114 PMCID: PMC10571044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present the theoretical foundations and first-principles frameworks to describe quantum matter within quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the low-energy regime, with a focus on polaritonic chemistry. By starting from fundamental physical and mathematical principles, we first review in great detail ab initio nonrelativistic QED. The resulting Pauli-Fierz quantum field theory serves as a cornerstone for the development of (in principle exact but in practice) approximate computational methods such as quantum-electrodynamical density functional theory, QED coupled cluster, or cavity Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. These methods treat light and matter on equal footing and, at the same time, have the same level of accuracy and reliability as established methods of computational chemistry and electronic structure theory. After an overview of the key ideas behind those ab initio QED methods, we highlight their benefits for understanding photon-induced changes of chemical properties and reactions. Based on results obtained by ab initio QED methods, we identify open theoretical questions and how a so far missing detailed understanding of polaritonic chemistry can be established. We finally give an outlook on future directions within polaritonic chemistry and first-principles QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruggenthaler
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sidler
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
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17
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Baldini E. Searching for phase transitions in the dark. Nature 2023; 622:464-465. [PMID: 37853147 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
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18
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Arkhipova AA, Zhang Y, Kartashov YV, Zhuravitskii SA, Skryabin NN, Dyakonov IV, Kalinkin AA, Kulik SP, Kompanets VO, Chekalin SV, Zadkov VN. Observation of π solitons in oscillating waveguide arrays. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2017-2024. [PMID: 37573247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Floquet systems with periodically varying in time parameters enable realization of unconventional topological phases that do not exist in static systems with constant parameters and that are frequently accompanied by appearance of novel types of the topological states. Among such Floquet systems are the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattices with periodically-modulated couplings that can support at their edges anomalous π modes of topological origin despite the fact that the lattice spends only half of the evolution period in topologically nontrivial phase, while during other half-period it is topologically trivial. Here, using Su-Schrieffer-Heeger arrays composed from periodically oscillating waveguides inscribed in transparent nonlinear optical medium, we report experimental observation of photonic anomalous π modes residing at the edge or in the corner of the one- or two-dimensional arrays, respectively, and demonstrate a new class of topological π solitons bifurcating from such modes in the topological gap of the Floquet spectrum at high powers. π solitons reported here are strongly oscillating nonlinear Floquet states exactly reproducing their profiles after each longitudinal period of the structure. They can be dynamically stable in both one- and two-dimensional oscillating waveguide arrays, the latter ones representing the first realization of the Floquet photonic higher-order topological insulator, while localization properties of such π solitons are determined by their power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina A Arkhipova
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow 105066, Russia
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | | | - Sergei A Zhuravitskii
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Russia; Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Skryabin
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Russia; Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan V Dyakonov
- Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Kalinkin
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Russia; Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei P Kulik
- Quantum Technology Centre, Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor O Kompanets
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Russia
| | - Sergey V Chekalin
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Russia
| | - Victor N Zadkov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow 105066, Russia
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19
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Zhou L, Zhang DJ. Non-Hermitian Floquet Topological Matter-A Review. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1401. [PMID: 37895522 PMCID: PMC10606436 DOI: 10.3390/e25101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed a surge of interest in non-Hermitian Floquet topological matter due to its exotic properties resulting from the interplay between driving fields and non-Hermiticity. The present review sums up our studies on non-Hermitian Floquet topological matter in one and two spatial dimensions. We first give a bird's-eye view of the literature for clarifying the physical significance of non-Hermitian Floquet systems. We then introduce, in a pedagogical manner, a number of useful tools tailored for the study of non-Hermitian Floquet systems and their topological properties. With the aid of these tools, we present typical examples of non-Hermitian Floquet topological insulators, superconductors, and quasicrystals, with a focus on their topological invariants, bulk-edge correspondences, non-Hermitian skin effects, dynamical properties, and localization transitions. We conclude this review by summarizing our main findings and presenting our vision of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwen Zhou
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Key Laboratory of Optics and Optoelectronics, Qingdao 266100, China
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Marine Physical Instruments and Equipment of MOE, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Da-Jian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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20
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Wei K, Liu Q, Tang Y, Ye Y, Xu Z, Jiang T. Charged biexciton polaritons sustaining strong nonlinearity in 2D semiconductor-based nanocavities. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5310. [PMID: 37652932 PMCID: PMC10471760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the interaction between light and matter at micro- and nano-scale can provide new opportunities for modern optics and optoelectronics. An archetypical example is polariton, a half-light-half-matter quasi particle inheriting simultaneously the robust coherence of light and the strong interaction of matter, which plays an important role in many exotic phenomena. Here, we open up a new kind of cooperative coupling between plasmon and different excitonic complexes in WS2-silver nanocavities, namely plasmon-exciton-trion-charged biexciton four coupling states. Thanks to the large Bohr radius of up to 5 nm, the charged biexciton polariton exhibits strong saturation nonlinearity, ~30 times higher than the neutral exciton polariton. Transient absorption dynamics further reveal the ultrafast many-body interaction nature, with a timescale of <100 fs. The demonstration of biexciton polariton here combines high nonlinearity, simple processing and strong scalability, permitting access for future energy-efficient optical switching and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wei
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China.
| | - Qirui Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxiang Tang
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Yingqian Ye
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongjie Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China.
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21
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Neufeld O, Hübener H, Jotzu G, De Giovannini U, Rubio A. Band Nonlinearity-Enabled Manipulation of Dirac Nodes, Weyl Cones, and Valleytronics with Intense Linearly Polarized Light. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7568-7575. [PMID: 37578460 PMCID: PMC10450813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
We study low-frequency linearly polarized laser-dressing in materials with valley (graphene and hexagonal-Boron-Nitride) and topological (Dirac- and Weyl-semimetals) properties. In Dirac-like linearly dispersing bands, the laser substantially moves the Dirac nodes away from their original position, and the movement direction can be fully controlled by rotating the laser polarization. We prove that this effect originates from band nonlinearities away from the Dirac nodes. We further demonstrate that this physical mechanism is widely applicable and can move the positions of the valley minima in hexagonal materials to tune valley selectivity, split and move Weyl cones in higher-order Weyl semimetals, and merge Dirac nodes in three-dimensional Dirac semimetals. The model results are validated with ab initio calculations. Our results directly affect efforts for exploring light-dressed electronic structure, suggesting that one can benefit from band nonlinearity for tailoring material properties, and highlight the importance of the full band structure in nonlinear optical phenomena in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Hannes Hübener
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Gregor Jotzu
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Umberto De Giovannini
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo I-90123, Italy
| | - Angel Rubio
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
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22
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Dirnberger F, Quan J, Bushati R, Diederich GM, Florian M, Klein J, Mosina K, Sofer Z, Xu X, Kamra A, García-Vidal FJ, Alù A, Menon VM. Magneto-optics in a van der Waals magnet tuned by self-hybridized polaritons. Nature 2023; 620:533-537. [PMID: 37587298 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling quantum materials with light is of fundamental and technological importance. By utilizing the strong coupling of light and matter in optical cavities1-3, recent studies were able to modify some of their most defining features4-6. Here we study the magneto-optical properties of a van der Waals magnet that supports strong coupling of photons and excitons even in the absence of external cavity mirrors. In this material-the layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr-emergent light-matter hybrids called polaritons are shown to substantially increase the spectral bandwidth of correlations between the magnetic, electronic and optical properties, enabling largely tunable optical responses to applied magnetic fields and magnons. Our results highlight the importance of exciton-photon self-hybridization in van der Waals magnets and motivate novel directions for the manipulation of quantum material properties by strong light-matter coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Diederich
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Akashdeep Kamra
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Sakamoto M, Hada M, Ota W, Uesugi F, Sato T. Localised surface plasmon resonance inducing cooperative Jahn-Teller effect for crystal phase-change in a nanocrystal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4471. [PMID: 37524703 PMCID: PMC10390505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Jahn-Teller effect, a phase transition phenomenon involving the spontaneous breakdown of symmetry in molecules and crystals, causes important physical and chemical changes that affect various fields of science. In this study, we discovered that localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect in covellite CuS nanocrystals (NCs), causing metastable displacive ion movements. Electron diffraction measurements under photo illumination, ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction analyses, and theoretical calculations of semiconductive plasmonic CuS NCs showed that metastable displacive ion movements due to the LSPR-induced cooperative Jahn-Teller effect delayed the relaxation of LSPR in the microsecond region. Furthermore, the displacive ion movements caused photo-switching of the conductivity in CuS NC films at room temperature (22 °C), such as in transparent variable resistance infrared sensors. This study pushes the limits of plasmonics from tentative control of collective oscillation to metastable crystal structure manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sakamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Masaki Hada
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Wataru Ota
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Uesugi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tohru Sato
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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24
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Liu W, Liu H, Wang Z, Li S, Wang L, Luo J. Inverse Design of Light Manipulating Structural Phase Transition in Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6647-6657. [PMID: 37462525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective focuses on recent advances in understanding ultrafast processes involved in photoinduced structural phase transitions and proposes a strategy for precise manipulation of such transitions. It has been demonstrated that photoexcited carriers occupying empty antibonding or bonding states generate atomic driving forces that lead to either stretching or shortening of associated bonds, which in turn induce collective and coherent motions of atoms and yield structural transitions. For instance, phase transitions in IrTe2 and VO2, and nonthermal melting in Si, can be explained by the occupation of specific local bonding or antibonding states during laser excitation. These cases reveal the electronic-orbital-selective nature of laser-induced structural transitions. Based on this understanding, we propose an inverse design protocol for achieving or preventing a target structural transition by controlling the related electron occupations with orbital-selective photoexcitation. Overall, this Perspective provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dynamical structural control in solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shushen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linwang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Passetti G, Eckhardt CJ, Sentef MA, Kennes DM. Cavity Light-Matter Entanglement through Quantum Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:023601. [PMID: 37505942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The hybridization between light and matter forms the basis to achieve cavity control over quantum materials. In this Letter we investigate a cavity coupled to a quantum chain of interacting spinless fermions by numerically exact solutions and perturbative analytical expansions. We draw two important conclusions about such systems: (i) Specific quantum fluctuations of the matter system play a pivotal role in achieving entanglement between light and matter; and (ii) in turn, light-matter entanglement is a key ingredient to modify electronic properties by the cavity. We hypothesize that quantum fluctuations of those matter operators to which the cavity modes couple are a general prerequisite for light-matter entanglement in the ground state. Implications of our findings for light-matter-entangled phases, cavity-modified phase transitions in correlated systems, and measurement of light-matter entanglement through Kubo response functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Passetti
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian J Eckhardt
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Dante M Kennes
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Ashida Y, İmamoğlu A, Demler E. Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Hyperbolic van der Waals Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:216901. [PMID: 37295119 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.216901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ground-state properties and excitation energies of a quantum emitter can be modified in the ultrastrong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) where the light-matter interaction strength becomes comparable to the cavity resonance frequency. Recent studies have started to explore the possibility of controlling an electronic material by embedding it in a cavity that confines electromagnetic fields in deep subwavelength scales. Currently, there is a strong interest in realizing ultrastrong-coupling cavity QED in the terahertz (THz) part of the spectrum, since most of the elementary excitations of quantum materials are in this frequency range. We propose and discuss a promising platform to achieve this goal based on a two-dimensional electronic material encapsulated by a planar cavity consisting of ultrathin polar van der Waals crystals. As a concrete setup, we show that nanometer-thick hexagonal boron nitride layers should allow one to reach the ultrastrong coupling regime for single-electron cyclotron resonance in a bilayer graphene. The proposed cavity platform can be realized by a wide variety of thin dielectric materials with hyperbolic dispersions. Consequently, van der Waals heterostructures hold the promise of becoming a versatile playground for exploring the ultrastrong-coupling physics of cavity QED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ashida
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Physics of Intelligence, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ataç İmamoğlu
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Demler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhang XG, Sun YL, Zhu B, Wang J, Zhao T, Jiang WX, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Cui TJ. Optoelectronic Metasurface for Free-Space Optical-Microwave Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22744-22751. [PMID: 37116067 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photon-electron interactions are essential for many areas such as energy conversion, signal processing, and emerging quantum science. However, the current demonstrations are typically targeted to fiber and on-chip applications and lack of study in wave space. Here, we introduce a concept of optoelectronic metasurface that is capable of realizing direct and efficient optical-microwave interactions in free space. The optoelectronic metasurface is realized via a hybrid integration of microwave resonant meta-structures with a photoresponsive material. As a proof of concept, we construct an ultrathin optoelectronic metasurface using photodiodes that is bias free, which is modeled and analyzed theoretically by using the light-driven electronic excitation principle and microwave network theory. The incident laser and microwave from the free space will interact with the photodiode-based metasurface simultaneously and generate strong laser-microwave coupling, where the phase of output microwave depends on the input laser intensity. We experimentally verify that the reflected microwave phase of the optoelectronic metasurface decreases as the incident laser power becomes large, providing a distinct strategy to control the vector fields by the power intensity. Our results offer fundamentally new understanding of the metasurface capabilities and the wave-matter interactions in hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Ya Lun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Bingcheng Zhu
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Junjia Wang
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/Communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/Communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wei Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China
| | - Zaichen Zhang
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Pazhou Laboratory, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510555, China
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Sauerwein N, Orsi F, Uhrich P, Bandyopadhyay S, Mattiotti F, Cantat-Moltrecht T, Pupillo G, Hauke P, Brantut JP. Engineering random spin models with atoms in a high-finesse cavity. NATURE PHYSICS 2023; 19:1128-1134. [PMID: 37575364 PMCID: PMC10415180 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-02033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
All-to-all interacting, disordered quantum many-body models have a wide range of applications across disciplines, from spin glasses in condensed-matter physics over holographic duality in high-energy physics to annealing algorithms in quantum computing. Typically, these models are abstractions that do not find unambiguous physical realizations in nature. Here we realize an all-to-all interacting, disordered spin system by subjecting an atomic cloud in a cavity to a controllable light shift. Adjusting the detuning between atom resonance and cavity mode, we can tune between disordered versions of a central-mode model and a Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. By spectroscopically probing the low-energy excitations of the system, we explore the competition of interactions with disorder across a broad parameter range. We show how disorder in the central-mode model breaks the strong collective coupling, making the dark-state manifold cross over to a random distribution of weakly mixed light-matter, 'grey', states. In the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, the ferromagnetic finite-sized ground state evolves towards a paramagnet as disorder is increased. In that regime, semi-localized eigenstates emerge, as we observe by extracting bounds on the participation ratio. These results present substantial steps towards freely programmable cavity-mediated interactions for the design of arbitrary spin Hamiltonians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Sauerwein
- Institute of Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Orsi
- Institute of Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Uhrich
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Trento, Italy
- INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
| | - Soumik Bandyopadhyay
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Trento, Italy
- INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Mattiotti
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, CESQ and ISIS (UMR 7006), aQCess, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tigrane Cantat-Moltrecht
- Institute of Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guido Pupillo
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, CESQ and ISIS (UMR 7006), aQCess, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philipp Hauke
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Trento, Italy
- INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Brantut
- Institute of Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Miwa K, Sakamoto S, Ishizaki A. Control and Enhancement of Single-Molecule Electroluminescence through Strong Light-Matter Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3231-3238. [PMID: 37039831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The energetic positions of molecular electronic states at molecule/electrode interfaces are crucial factors for determining the transport and optoelectronic properties of molecular junctions. Strong light-matter coupling offers a potential for manipulating these factors, enabling a boost in the efficiency and versatility of these junctions. Here, we investigate electroluminescence from single-molecule junctions in which the molecule is strongly coupled with the vacuum electromagnetic field in a plasmonic nanocavity. We demonstrate an improvement in the electroluminescence efficiency by employing the strong light-matter coupling in conjunction with the characteristic feature of single-molecule junctions to selectively control the formation of the lowest-energy excited state. The mechanism of efficiency improvement is discussed based on the energetic position and composition of the formed polaritonic states. Our findings indicate the possibility to manipulate optoelectronic conversion in molecular junctions by strong light-matter coupling and contribute to providing design principles for developing efficient molecular optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Miwa
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- School of Physical Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Souichi Sakamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishizaki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- School of Physical Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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