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Xu J, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Dai H, Yang Q, Wang B, Ma Q, Chen Y, Xu F, Shi X, Liu Z, Wang C. Oral administration of garlic-derived nanoparticles improves cancer immunotherapy by inducing intestinal IFNγ-producing γδ T cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01722-1. [PMID: 39054386 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cell-based cancer immunotherapies represent a promising avenue for cancer treatment. However, their development is challenged by the limited expansion and differentiation of the cells ex vivo. Here we induced the endogenous expansion and activation of γδ T cells through oral administration of garlic-derived nanoparticles (GNPs). We found that GNPs could significantly promote the proliferation and activation of endogenous γδ T cells in the intestine, leading to generation of large amount of interferon-γ (IFNγ). Moreover GNP-treated mice showed increased levels of chemokine CXCR3 in intestinal γδ T cells, which can drive their migration from the gut to the tumour environment. The translocation of γδ T cells and IFNγ from the intestine to extraintestinal subcutaneous tumours remodels the tumour immune microenvironment and synergizes with anti-PD-L1, inducing robust antitumour immunity. Our study delineates mechanistic insight into the complex gut-tumour interactome and provides an alternative approach for γδ T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Yang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and ImmunoEngineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Mallis RJ, Lee JJ, den Berg AV, Brazin KN, Viennet T, Zmuda J, Cross M, Radeva D, Rodriguez‐Mias R, Villén J, Gelev V, Reinherz EL, Arthanari H. Efficient and economic protein labeling for NMR in mammalian expression systems: Application to a preT-cell and T-cell receptor protein. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4950. [PMID: 38511503 PMCID: PMC10955624 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Protein nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy relies on the ability to isotopically label polypeptides, which is achieved through heterologous expression in various host organisms. Most commonly, Escherichia coli is employed by leveraging isotopically substituted ammonium and glucose to uniformly label proteins with 15N and 13C, respectively. Moreover, E. coli can grow and express proteins in uniformly deuterium-substituted water (D2O), a strategy useful for experiments targeting high molecular weight proteins. Unfortunately, many proteins, particularly those requiring specific posttranslational modifications like disulfide bonding or glycosylation for proper folding and/or function, cannot be readily expressed in their functional forms using E. coli-based expression systems. One such class of proteins includes T-cell receptors and their related preT-cell receptors. In this study, we present an expression system for isotopic labeling of proteins using a nonadherent human embryonic kidney cell line, Expi293F, and a specially designed media. We demonstrate the application of this platform to the β subunit common to both receptors. In addition, we show that this expression system and media can be used to specifically label amino acids Phe, Ile, Val, and Leu in this system, utilizing an amino acid-specific labeling protocol that allows targeted incorporation at high efficiency without significant isotopic scrambling. We demonstrate that this system can also be used to express proteins with fluorinated amino acids. We were routinely able to obtain an NMR sample with a concentration of 200 μM from 30 mL of culture media, utilizing less than 20 mg of the labeled amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Mallis
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jonathan J. Lee
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Kristine N. Brazin
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Thibault Viennet
- Department of Cancer BiologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Denitsa Radeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia UniversitySofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Judit Villén
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Vladimir Gelev
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia UniversitySofiaBulgaria
| | - Ellis L. Reinherz
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Cancer BiologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Porcheddu V, Lhomme G, Giraudet R, Correia E, Maillère B. The self-reactive FVIII T cell repertoire in healthy individuals relies on a short set of epitopes and public clonotypes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345195. [PMID: 38510258 PMCID: PMC10951066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-mutated FVIII-specific CD4 T cell epitopes have been recently found to contribute to the development of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A (HA), while auto-reactive CD4 T cells specific to FVIII circulate in the blood of healthy individuals at a frequency close to the foreign protein ovalbumin. Thus, although FVIII is a self-protein, the central tolerance raised against FVIII appears to be low. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FVIII CD4 T cell repertoire in 29 healthy donors. Sequencing of the CDR3β TCR region from isolated FVIII-specific CD4 T cells revealed a limited usage and pairing of TRBV and TRBJ genes as well as a mostly hydrophobic composition of the CDR3β region according to their auto-reactivity. The FVIII repertoire is dominated by a few clonotypes, with only 13 clonotypes accounting for half of the FVIII response. Through a large-scale epitope mapping of the full-length FVIII sequence, we identified 18 immunodominant epitopes located in the A1, A3, C1, and C2 domains and covering half of the T cell response. These epitopes exhibited a broad specificity for HLA-DR or DP molecules or both. T cell priming with this reduced set of peptides revealed that highly expanded clonotypes specific to these epitopes were responsible individually for up to 32% of the total FVIII repertoire. These FVIII T cell epitopes and clonotypes were shared among HLA-unrelated donors tested and previously reported HA patients. Our study highlights the role of the auto-reactive T cell response against FVIII in HA and its similarity to the response observed in healthy individuals. Thus, it provides valuable insights for the development of new tolerance induction and deimmunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Porcheddu
- Université de Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Jeffreys N, Brockman JM, Zhai Y, Ingber DE, Mooney DJ. Mechanical forces amplify TCR mechanotransduction in T cell activation and function. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 11:011304. [PMID: 38434676 PMCID: PMC10848667 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell immunotherapies, including engineered T cell receptor (eTCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapies, have shown efficacy in treating a subset of hematologic malignancies, exhibit promise in solid tumors, and have many other potential applications, such as in fibrosis, autoimmunity, and regenerative medicine. While immunoengineering has focused on designing biomaterials to present biochemical cues to manipulate T cells ex vivo and in vivo, mechanical cues that regulate their biology have been largely underappreciated. This review highlights the contributions of mechanical force to several receptor-ligand interactions critical to T cell function, with central focus on the TCR-peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). We then emphasize the role of mechanical forces in (i) allosteric strengthening of the TCR-pMHC interaction in amplifying ligand discrimination during T cell antigen recognition prior to activation and (ii) T cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. We then describe approaches to design eTCRs, CARs, and biomaterials to exploit TCR mechanosensitivity in order to potentiate T cell manufacturing and function in adoptive T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunhao Zhai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Li Q, Lin L, Shou P, Liu K, Xue Y, Hu M, Ling W, Huang Y, Du L, Zheng C, Wang X, Zheng F, Zhang T, Wang Y, Shao C, Melino G, Shi Y, Wang Y. MHC class Ib-restricted CD8 + T cells possess strong tumoricidal activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304689120. [PMID: 37856544 PMCID: PMC10614629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304689120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of classical CD8+ T cells in tumor eradication is well acknowledged. However, the anti-tumor activity of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Ib-restricted CD8+ T (Ib-CD8+ T) cells remains obscure. Here, we show that CX3CR1-expressing Ib-CD8+ T cells (Ib-restricted CD8+ T cells) highly express cytotoxic factors, austerely resist exhaustion, and effectively eliminate various tumors. These Ib-CD8+ T cells can be primed by MHC Ia (MHC class Ia molecules) expressed on various cell types for optimal activation in a Tbet-dependent manner. Importantly, MHC Ia does not allogeneically activate Ib-CD8+ T cells, rather, sensitizes these cells for T cell receptor activation. Such effects were observed when MHC Ia+ cells were administered to tumor-bearing Kb-/-Db-/-mice. A similar population of tumoricidal CX3CR1+CD8+ T cells was identified in wild-type mice and melanoma patients. Adoptive transfer of Ib-CD8+ T cells to wild-type mice inhibited tumor progression without damaging normal tissues. Taken together, we demonstrate that MHC class Ia can prime Ib-CD8+ T cells for robust tumoricidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Liangyu Lin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Peishun Shou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Keli Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yueqing Xue
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Weifang Ling
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Liming Du
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Chunxing Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Fanjun Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata Oncoscience Research, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome00133, Italy
| | - Yufang Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
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Smid AI, Garforth SJ, Obaid MS, Bollons HR, James JR. Pre-T cell receptor localization and trafficking are independent of its signaling. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202212106. [PMID: 37516909 PMCID: PMC10373305 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202212106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the pre-T cell receptor (preTCR) is an important checkpoint during the development of T cells, an essential cell type of our adaptive immune system. The preTCR complex is only transiently expressed and rapidly internalized in developing T cells and is thought to signal in a ligand-independent manner. However, identifying a mechanistic basis for these unique features of the preTCR compared with the final TCR complex has been confounded by the concomitant signaling that is normally present. Thus, we have reconstituted preTCR expression in non-immune cells to uncouple receptor trafficking dynamics from its associated signaling. We find that all the defining features of the preTCR are intrinsic properties of the receptor itself, driven by exposure of an extracellular hydrophobic region, and are not the consequence of receptor activation. Finally, we show that transitory preTCR cell surface expression can sustain tonic signaling in the absence of ligand binding, suggesting how the preTCR can nonetheless drive αβTCR lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I. Smid
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council–Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam J. Garforth
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Maryam S. Obaid
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hannah R. Bollons
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - John R. James
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council–Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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This S, Rogers D, Mallet Gauthier È, Mandl JN, Melichar HJ. What's self got to do with it: Sources of heterogeneity among naive T cells. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101702. [PMID: 36463711 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There is a long-standing assumption that naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are largely homogeneous populations despite the extraordinary diversity of their T cell receptors (TCR). The self-immunopeptidome plays a key role in the selection of the naive T cell repertoire in the thymus, and self-peptides are also an important driver of differences between individual naive T cells with regard to their subsequent functional contributions to an immune response. Accumulating evidence suggests that as early as the β-selection stage of T cell development, when only one of the recombined chains of the mature TCR is expressed, signaling thresholds may be established for positive selection of immature thymocytes. Stochastic encounters subsequently made with self-ligands during positive selection in the thymus imprint functional biases that a T cell will carry with it throughout its lifetime, although ongoing interactions with self in the periphery ensure a level of plasticity in the gene expression wiring of naive T cells. Identifying the sources of heterogeneity in the naive T cell population and which functional attributes of T cells can be modulated through post-thymic interventions versus those that are fixed during T cell development, could enable us to better select or generate T cells with particular traits to improve the efficacy of T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien This
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ève Mallet Gauthier
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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