1
|
Xu B, Liu LH, Lai S, Chen J, Wu S, Lei W, Lin H, Zhang Y, Hu Y, He J, Chen X, He Q, Yang M, Wang H, Zhao X, Wang M, Luo H, Ge Q, Gao H, Xia J, Cao Z, Zhang B, Jiang A, Wu YR. Directed Evolution of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to Utilize Allulose as Sole Carbon Source. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301385. [PMID: 38415955 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Sugar substitutes are popular due to their akin taste and low calories. However, excessive use of aspartame and erythritol can have varying effects. While D-allulose is presently deemed a secure alternative to sugar, its excessive consumption is not devoid of cellular stress implications. In this study, the evolution of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is directed to utilize allulose as sole carbon source through a combination of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) techniques. Employing whole genome sequencing (WGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) in conjunction with compensatory expression displayed those genetic mutations in sugar and amino acid metabolic pathways, including glnP, glpF, gmpA, nagE, pgmB, ybaN, etc., increased allulose assimilation. Enzyme-substrate dynamics simulations and deep learning predict enhanced substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency in nagE A247E and pgmB G12R mutants. The findings evince that these mutations hold considerable promise in enhancing allulose uptake and facilitating its conversion into glycolysis, thus signifying the emergence of a novel metabolic pathway for allulose utilization. These revelations bear immense potential for the sustainable utilization of D-allulose in promoting health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hua Liu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Shijing Lai
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Houliang Lin
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Hu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jingtao He
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Xipeng Chen
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Qian He
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Wang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Haodong Luo
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qijun Ge
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Huamei Gao
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Baoxun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ao Jiang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Rui Wu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zebley CC, Zehn D, Gottschalk S, Chi H. T cell dysfunction and therapeutic intervention in cancer. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1344-1354. [PMID: 39025962 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have affirmed the curative potential of T cell-based approaches for treating relapsed and refractory cancers. However, the therapeutic efficacy is limited in part owing to the ability of cancers to evade immunosurveillance and adapt to immunological pressure. In this Review, we provide a brief overview of cancer-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms with a specific focus on the repression of the surveillance and effector function of T cells. We discuss CD8+ T cell exhaustion and functional heterogeneity and describe strategies for targeting the molecular checkpoints that restrict T cell differentiation and effector function to bolster immunotherapeutic effects. We also delineate the emerging contributions of the tumor microenvironment to T cell metabolism and conclude by highlighting discovery-based approaches for developing future cellular therapies. Continued exploration of T cell biology and engineering hold great promise for advancing therapeutic interventions for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Zebley
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan and Center for Infection Prevention (ZIP), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rathaus M, Azem L, Livne R, Ron S, Ron I, Hadar R, Efroni G, Amir A, Braun T, Haberman Y, Tirosh A. Long-term metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners. Mol Metab 2024; 88:101985. [PMID: 38977130 PMCID: PMC11347859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive consumption of added sugars has been linked to the rise in obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) offer a potential solution to reduce sugar intake, yet their metabolic safety remains debated. This study aimed to systematically assess the long-term metabolic effects of commonly used NNSs under both normal and obesogenic conditions. METHODS To ensure consistent sweetness level and controlling for the acceptable daily intake (ADI), eight weeks old C57BL/6 male mice were administered with acesulfame K (ace K, 535.25 mg/L), aspartame (411.75 mg/L), sucralose (179.5 mg/L), saccharin (80 mg/L), or steviol glycoside (Reb M, 536.25 mg/L) in the drinking water, on the background of either regular or high-fat diets (in high fat diet 60% of calories from fat). Water or fructose-sweetened water (82.3.gr/L), were used as controls. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters, as well as microbiome composition, were analyzed following 20-weeks of exposure. RESULTS Under a regular chow diet, chronic NNS consumption did not significantly affect body weight, fat mass, or glucose metabolism as compared to water consumption, with aspartame demonstrating decreased glucose tolerance. In diet-induced obesity, NNS exposure did not increase body weight or alter food intake. Exposure to sucralose and Reb M led to improved insulin sensitivity and decreased weight gain. Reb M specifically was associated with increased prevalence of colonic Lachnospiracea bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Long-term consumption of commonly used NNSs does not induce adverse metabolic effects, with Reb M demonstrating a mild improvement in metabolic abnormalities. These findings provide valuable insights into the metabolic impact of different NNSs, aiding in the development of strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moran Rathaus
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Loziana Azem
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rinat Livne
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sophie Ron
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Idit Ron
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rotem Hadar
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gilat Efroni
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Amnon Amir
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tzipi Braun
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yael Haberman
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amir Tirosh
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge Y, Zhang D, Xu Y, Wu J, Lao F. The effect of mango aroma in low-sugar beverage: A sensory study on odor induced sweetness enhancement. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114451. [PMID: 38823860 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Excessive intake of sugar has become a public concern. However, it is challenging for food industries to decrease sugar level without sacrificing safety and sensory profile. Odor-induced sweetness enhancement (OISE) is believed to be a novel and promising strategy for sugar reduction. In order to investigate the OISE effect of mango aroma and evaluate its degree of sugar reduction in low-sugar beverages, a mathematical model was constructed through sensory evaluation in this study. The results showed that the maximum liking of low-sugar model beverages was 4.28 % sucrose and 0.57 % mango flavor. The most synergistic of OISE was at the concentration level of 2.24 % sucrose + 0.25 % mango flavor, which was equivalent to 2.96 % pure sucrose solution. With 32.14 % sugar reduction, the mango aroma was suggested to generate the OISE effect. However, the same level of garlic aroma was not able to enhance sweetness perception, suggesting that the congruency of aroma and taste is a prerequisite for the OISE effect to occur. This study demonstrated that the cross-modal interaction of mango aroma on sweetness enhancement in low-sugar model beverages could provide practical guidance for developing sugar-reduced beverages without applying sweeteners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Ge
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Donghao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yingying Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fei Lao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Faeh D. Risks and benefits of nonsugar sweeteners: conflicting evidence between observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:344-349. [PMID: 38836812 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recommendations on the use of nonsugar sweeteners are contradictory, even if they come from official sources. The aim is to review and discuss recent findings on the potential impact of nonsugar sweeteners on human health. RECENT FINDINGS While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with short duration and risk factors endpoints mostly show favourable effects on body weight and cardiometabolic parameters when nonsugar sweeteners are used to replaced sugar-sweetened products, observational studies mostly show a positive association between the consumption of nonsugar sweeteners and cardiometabolic diseases. The conflicting results may be explained by the heterogenous nature of nonsugar sweeteners but also likely is a consequence of serious weaknesses of available studies. SUMMARY For more evidence-based recommendations for practice and policy, scientifically sound studies with long follow-up are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Faeh
- Health Department, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Wang Q, Chen W, Li J, Yi J, Song X, Ni Y, Zhu S, Zhang Z, Nie S, Liu L. Associations of ultraprocessed food consumption with mortality among participants with a history of cancer: a prospective cohort analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00582-3. [PMID: 38942116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption has been linked with increased mortality risk in the general population, whether UPFs harm participants with a history of cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the association of UPF consumption with mortality among participants with a history of cancer. METHODS Prospective cohort analysis was conducted on 13,640 participants with a history of cancer from the UK Biobank. UPFs were defined by the Nova classification. UPF consumption was calculated as the weight proportion of UPFs in the total food consumption. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between UPF consumption and mortality among participants with a history of cancer. RESULTS The median UPF consumption was 29.25% (interquartile range [IQR]: 19.46%-40.62%) for males and 25.81% (IQR: 16.61%-36.35%) for females in the total diet among participants with a history of cancer. During a median follow-up of 10.77 years, 1611 deaths were documented. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) among participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption relative to the lowest were 1.17 (1.02, 1.35) for all-cause mortality and 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) for cancer-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Higher UPF consumption after the diagnosis among participants with a history of cancer is associated with higher risk of mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Eighth Hospital of Wuhan, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shaofa Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Woelfel S, Silva MS, Stecher B. Intestinal colonization resistance in the context of environmental, host, and microbial determinants. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:820-836. [PMID: 38870899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities that colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract defend against pathogens through a mechanism known as colonization resistance (CR). Advances in technologies such as next-generation sequencing, gnotobiotic mouse models, and bacterial cultivation have enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the intricate microbial interactions involved in CR. Rather than being attributed to specific microbial clades, CR is now understood to arise from a dynamic interplay between microbes and the host and is shaped by metabolic, immune, and environmental factors. This evolving perspective underscores the significance of contextual factors, encompassing microbiome composition and host conditions, in determining CR. This review highlights recent research that has shifted its focus toward elucidating how these factors interact to either promote or impede enteric infections. It further discusses future research directions to unravel the complex relationship between host, microbiota, and environmental determinants in safeguarding against GI infections to promote human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Woelfel
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Salvado Silva
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim DH, Kwon EJ, Park KG, Jin J, Byun JK. Acesulfame potassium upregulates PD-L1 in HCC cells by attenuating autophagic degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149921. [PMID: 38603831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners, which contain no or few calories, have been widely used in various foods and beverages, and are regarded as safe alternatives to sugar by the Food and Drug Administration. While several studies suggest that artificial sweeteners are not related to cancer development, some research has reported their potential association with the risk of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated whether acesulfame potassium (Ace K), a commonly used artificial sweetener, induces immune evasion of HCC cells by upregulating programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Ace K elevated the protein levels of PD-L1 in HCC cells without increasing its mRNA levels. The upregulation of PD-L1 protein levels in HCC cells by Ace K was induced by attenuated autophagic degradation of PD-L1, which was mediated by the Ace K-stimulated ERK1/2-mTORC1 signaling pathway. Ace K-induced upregulation of PD-L1 attenuated T cell-mediated death of HCC cells, thereby promoting immune evasion of HCC cells. In summary, the present study suggests that Ace K promotes HCC progression by upregulating the PD-L1 protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jun Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Kyu Byun
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Honce R, Vazquez-Pagan A, Livingston B, Mandarano AH, Wilander BA, Cherry S, Hargest V, Sharp B, Brigleb PH, Kirkpatrick Roubidoux E, Van de Velde LA, Skinner RC, McGargill MA, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Diet switch pre-vaccination improves immune response and metabolic status in formerly obese mice. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1593-1606. [PMID: 38637722 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic disease is epidemiologically linked to severe complications upon influenza virus infection, thus vaccination is a priority in this high-risk population. Yet, vaccine responses are less effective in these same hosts. Here we examined how the timing of diet switching from a high-fat diet to a control diet affected influenza vaccine efficacy in diet-induced obese mice. Our results demonstrate that the systemic meta-inflammation generated by high-fat diet exposure limited T cell maturation to the memory compartment at the time of vaccination, impacting the recall of effector memory T cells upon viral challenge. This was not improved with a diet switch post-vaccination. However, the metabolic dysfunction of T cells was reversed if weight loss occurred 4 weeks before vaccination, restoring a functional recall response. This corresponded with changes in the systemic obesity-related biomarkers leptin and adiponectin, highlighting the systemic and specific effects of diet on influenza vaccine immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Honce
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ana Vazquez-Pagan
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Noguchi Medical Research Institute (NMRI), Accra, Ghana
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Benjamin A Wilander
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sean Cherry
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Virginia Hargest
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bridgett Sharp
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pamela H Brigleb
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Lee-Ann Van de Velde
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R Chris Skinner
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Ozarks, Clarksville, AR, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maureen A McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Host Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Whelan K, Bancil AS, Lindsay JO, Chassaing B. Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:406-427. [PMID: 38388570 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and food additives have become ubiquitous components of the modern human diet. There is increasing evidence of an association between diets rich in UPFs and gut disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Food additives are added to many UPFs and have themselves been shown to affect gut health. For example, evidence shows that some emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles have effects on a range of outcomes, including the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. Broadly speaking, evidence for the effect of UPFs on gut disease comes from observational epidemiological studies, whereas, by contrast, evidence for the effect of food additives comes largely from preclinical studies conducted in vitro or in animal models. Fewer studies have investigated the effect of UPFs or food additives on gut health and disease in human intervention studies. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review the evidence for the effects of UPF and food additives on gut health and disease and to discuss the clinical application of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Aaron S Bancil
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chapman NM, Chi H. Metabolic rewiring and communication in cancer immunity. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:862-883. [PMID: 38428418 PMCID: PMC11177544 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The immune system shapes tumor development and progression. Although immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment, its overall efficacy remains limited, underscoring the need to uncover mechanisms to improve therapeutic effects. Metabolism-associated processes, including intracellular metabolic reprogramming and intercellular metabolic crosstalk, are emerging as instructive signals for anti-tumor immunity. Here, we first summarize the roles of intracellular metabolic pathways in controlling immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. How intercellular metabolic communication regulates anti-tumor immunity, and the impact of metabolites or nutrients on signaling events, are also discussed. We then describe how targeting metabolic pathways in tumor cells or intratumoral immune cells or via nutrient-based interventions may boost cancer immunotherapies. Finally, we conclude with discussions on profiling and functional perturbation methods of metabolic activity in intratumoral immune cells, and perspectives on future directions. Uncovering the mechanisms for metabolic rewiring and communication in the tumor microenvironment may enable development of novel cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Xu J, Ma M, You T, Ye S, Liu S. Computational design towards a boiling-resistant single-chain sweet protein monellin. Food Chem 2024; 440:138279. [PMID: 38159314 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sweet proteins offer a promising solution as sugar substitutes by providing a sugar-like sweetness without the negative health impacts linked to sugar or artificial sweeteners. However, the low thermal stability of sweet proteins has hindered their applications. In this study, we took a computational approach utilizing ΔΔG calculations in PyRosetta to enhance the thermostability of single-chain monellin (MNEI). By generating and characterizing 21 variants with single mutation, we identified 11 variants with higher melting temperature (Tm) than that of MNEI. To further enhance the thermal stability, we conducted structural analysis and designed an additional set of 14 variants with multiple mutations. Among these variants, four exhibited a significant improvement in thermal stability, with an increase of at least 20 °C (Tm > 96 °C) compared to MNEI, while maintaining their sweetness. Remarkably, these variants remained soluble even after being heated in boiling water for one hour. Moreover, they displayed exceptional stability across alkaline, acidic and neutral environments. These findings highlight the tremendous potential of these variants for applications in the food and beverage industry. Additionally, this study provides valuable strategies for protein engineering to enhance the thermal stability of sweet proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Mingxue Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tianjie You
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Si Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alhamawi RM, Almutawif YA, Aloufi BH, Alotaibi JF, Alharbi MF, Alsrani NM, Alinizy RM, Almutairi WS, Alaswad WA, Eid HMA, Mumena WA. Free sugar intake is associated with reduced proportion of circulating invariant natural killer T cells among women experiencing overweight and obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358341. [PMID: 38807605 PMCID: PMC11131101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Higher prevalence of obesity has been observed among women compared to men, which can be explained partly by the higher consumption of sweets and physical inactivity. Obesity can alter immune cell infiltration, and therefore increase the susceptibility to develop chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between free sugar intake and other unhealthy lifestyle habits in relation to the proportion of circulating iNKT cells among women with healthy weight and women experiencing overweight and obesity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 Saudi women > 18 years, wherein their daily free sugar intake was assessed using the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Data on smoking status, physical activity, and supplement use were also collected. Anthropometric data including height, weight, waist circumference were objectively measured from each participants. The proportion of circulating iNKT cells was determined using flow cytometry. Results Smoking, physical activity, supplement use, and weight status were not associated with proportion of circulating iNKT cells. Significant association was found between proportion of circulating iNKT cells and total free sugar intake and free sugar intake coming from solid food sources only among women experiencing overweight and obesity (Beta: -0.10: Standard Error: 0.04 [95% Confidence Interval: -0.18 to -0.01], p= 0.034) and (Beta: -0.15: Standard Error: 0.05 [95% Confidence Interval: -0.25 to -0.05], p= 0.005), respectively. Conclusion Excessive free sugar consumption may alter iNKT cells and consequently increase the risk for chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renad M. Alhamawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya A. Almutawif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra H. Aloufi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jory F. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar F. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nura M. Alsrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M. Alinizy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad S. Almutairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed A. Alaswad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza M. A. Eid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A. Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Egan JM. Physiological Integration of Taste and Metabolism. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1699-1710. [PMID: 38718360 DOI: 10.1056/nejmra2304578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Egan
- From the Diabetes Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fang Z, Rossato SL, Hang D, Khandpur N, Wang K, Lo CH, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL, Song M. Association of ultra-processed food consumption with all cause and cause specific mortality: population based cohort study. BMJ 2024; 385:e078476. [PMID: 38719536 PMCID: PMC11077436 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of ultra-processed food consumption with all cause mortality and cause specific mortality. DESIGN Population based cohort study. SETTING Female registered nurses from 11 US states in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2018) and male health professionals from all 50 US states in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018). PARTICIPANTS 74 563 women and 39 501 men with no history of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of ultra-processed food intake measured by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire every four years with all cause mortality and cause specific mortality due to cancer, cardiovascular, and other causes (including respiratory and neurodegenerative causes). RESULTS 30 188 deaths of women and 18 005 deaths of men were documented during a median of 34 and 31 years of follow-up, respectively. Compared with those in the lowest quarter of ultra-processed food consumption, participants in the highest quarter had a 4% higher all cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.07) and 9% higher mortality from causes other than cancer or cardiovascular diseases (1.09, 1.05 to 1.13). The all cause mortality rate among participants in the lowest and highest quarter was 1472 and 1536 per 100 000 person years, respectively. No associations were found for cancer or cardiovascular mortality. Meat/poultry/seafood based ready-to-eat products (for example, processed meat) consistently showed strong associations with mortality outcomes (hazard ratios ranged from 1.06 to 1.43). Sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages (1.09, 1.07 to 1.12), dairy based desserts (1.07, 1.04 to 1.10), and ultra-processed breakfast food (1.04, 1.02 to 1.07) were also associated with higher all cause mortality. No consistent associations between ultra-processed foods and mortality were observed within each quarter of dietary quality assessed by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 score, whereas better dietary quality showed an inverse association with mortality within each quarter of ultra-processed foods. CONCLUSIONS This study found that a higher intake of ultra-processed foods was associated with slightly higher all cause mortality, driven by causes other than cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The associations varied across subgroups of ultra-processed foods, with meat/poultry/seafood based ready-to-eat products showing particularly strong associations with mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sinara Laurini Rossato
- Laboratory of Research and Extension in Epidemiology (Lapex-Epi), Institute of Geography, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun-Han Lo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raynor JL, Chi H. Nutrients: Signal 4 in T cell immunity. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221839. [PMID: 38411744 PMCID: PMC10899091 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are integral in mediating adaptive immunity to infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Upon immune challenge, T cells exit from a quiescent state, followed by clonal expansion and effector differentiation. These processes are shaped by three established immune signals, namely antigen stimulation (Signal 1), costimulation (Signal 2), and cytokines (Signal 3). Emerging findings reveal that nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, and lipids, are crucial regulators of T cell responses and interplay with Signals 1-3, highlighting nutrients as Signal 4 to license T cell immunity. Here, we first summarize the functional importance of Signal 4 and the underlying mechanisms of nutrient transport, sensing, and signaling in orchestrating T cell activation and quiescence exit. We also discuss the roles of nutrients in programming T cell differentiation and functional fitness and how nutrients can be targeted to improve disease therapy. Understanding how T cells respond to Signal 4 nutrients in microenvironments will provide insights into context-dependent functions of adaptive immunity and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Jia Y, Zheng L, Luo R, Essawy H, Huang H, Wang Y, Deng S, Zhang J. Development and Characterization of Bio-Based Formaldehyde Free Sucrose-Based Adhesive for Fabrication of Plywood. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:640. [PMID: 38475323 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of excessive consumption of petrochemical resources and the harm of free formaldehyde release to human health, biomass raw materials, such as sucrose (S) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) can be chemically condensed in a simple route under acidic conditions to produce a formaldehyde free wood adhesive (S-ADP), characterized by good storage stability and water resistance, and higher wet shear strength with respect to petroleum based phenolic resin adhesive. The dry and boiling shear strength of the plywood based on S-ADP adhesive are as high as 1.05 MPa and 1.19 MPa, respectively. Moreover, is Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) is as high as 4910 MPa. Interestingly, the plywood based on the developed S-ADP adhesive exhibited good flame retardancy. After burning for 90 s, its shape remains unchanged. Meanwhile, it can be concluded from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) that the S-ADP acquired excellent modulus of elasticity (MOE) and good thermal stability. It is thus thought promisingly that the use of S-ADP adhesive as a substitute for PF resin adhesive seems feasible in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Liu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Vocational College of National-Defense Technology, Yunnan Open University, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yongbo Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hisham Essawy
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Heming Huang
- Kunming Xinfeilin Wood-Based Panel Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Yaming Wang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shuduan Deng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Posta E, Fekete I, Gyarmati E, Stündl L, Zold E, Barta Z. The Effects of Artificial Sweeteners on Intestinal Nutrient-Sensing Receptors: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? Life (Basel) 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 38276259 PMCID: PMC10817473 DOI: 10.3390/life14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of artificial and low-calorie sweeteners (ASs, LCSs) is an important component of the Western diet. ASs play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, dysbiosis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and various inflammatory conditions. Intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors act as a crosstalk between dietary components, the gut microbiota, and the regulation of immune, endocrinological, and neurological responses. This narrative review aimed to summarize the possible effects of ASs and LCSs on intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors and their related functions. Based on the findings of various studies, long-term AS consumption has effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors in modulating incretin hormones, antimicrobial peptides, and cytokine secretion. These effects contribute to the regulation of glucose metabolism, ion transport, gut permeability, and inflammation and modulate the gut-brain, and gut-kidney axes. Based on the conflicting findings of several in vitro, in vivo, and randomized and controlled studies, artificial sweeteners may have a role in the pathogenesis of IBDs, functional bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancers via the modulation of nutrient-sensing receptors. Further studies are needed to explore the exact mechanisms underlying their effects to decide the risk/benefit ratio of sugar intake reduction via AS and LCS consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edit Posta
- GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Istvan Fekete
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Eva Gyarmati
- GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.G.); (Z.B.)
- Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Blvd. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Stündl
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Eva Zold
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond Str. 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Barta
- GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.G.); (Z.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou X, Wang Z, Yuan K. The effect of diet and nutrition on T cell function in cancer. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1954-1966. [PMID: 37504380 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer can be considered one of the most threatening diseases to human health, and immunotherapy, especially T-cell immunotherapy, is the most promising treatment for cancers. Diet therapy is widely concerned in cancer because of its safety and fewer side effects. Many studies have shown that both the function of T cells and the progression of cancer can be affected by nutrients in the diet. In fact, it is challenging for T cells to infiltrate and eliminate cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, because of the harsh metabolic condition. The intake of different nutrients has a great influence on the proliferation, activation, differentiation and exhaustion of T cells. In this review, we summarize the effects of typical amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates and other nutritional factors on T cell functions and provide future perspectives for dietary treatment of cancer based on modifications of T cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kränkel N, Rauch-Kroehnert U. Artificial sweetener sucralose: a possible modulator of autoimmune diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:377. [PMID: 37779177 PMCID: PMC10543406 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Kränkel
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), 12203, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer-Centre of Cardiovascular Prevention @ Charité, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauch-Kroehnert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Friede Springer-Centre of Cardiovascular Prevention @ Charité, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Staltner R, Sánchez V, Bergheim I, Baumann A. Acute Intake of Sucrose but Not of the Intense Sweetener Sucralose Is Associated with Post-Prandial Endotoxemia in Healthy Young Adults-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4038. [PMID: 37764821 PMCID: PMC10537596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-rich diets, but also the use of intense sweeteners, may alter intestinal barrier function. Here, we assessed the effect of sucrose and sucralose on post-prandial endotoxemia in a randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded crossover-designed study. Following a 2-day standardization of their diet, healthy men and women received a beverage containing either sucrose, sucralose (iso-sweet) or an isocaloric combination of sucralose + maltodextrin. Plasma endotoxin levels were measured after consumption of the respective beverages. Moreover, the effect of sucrose and sucralose on intestinal permeability was assessed in Caco-2 cells and ex vivo in an everted gut sac model. The nutritional standardization recommended by nutrition societies was associated with a significant decrease in plasma endotoxin levels. The intake of the sucrose-sweetened beverage resulted in a significant increase in plasma endotoxin levels while being unchanged after the intake of sucralose-sweetened beverages. In Caco-2 cells, the challenge with sucrose but not with sucralose significantly increased the permeation of the bacterial endotoxin across the cell monolayer. Xylose permeation in small intestinal everted tissue sacs was significantly higher upon the challenge with sucrose while remaining unchanged in sucralose-challenged sacs. Our data suggest that an acute intake of physiologically relevant amounts of sucrose but not of sucralose can result in post-prandial endotoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tseng TS, Lin WT, Ting PS, Huang CK, Chen PH, Gonzalez GV, Lin HY. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Artificially Sweetened Beverages Consumption and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Nutrients 2023; 15:3997. [PMID: 37764782 PMCID: PMC10534429 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are fast becoming the most common chronic liver disease and are often preventable with healthy dietary habits and weight management. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with obesity and NAFLD. However, the impact of different types of SSBs, including artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), is not clear after controlling for total sugar intake and total caloric intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the consumption of different SSBs and the risk of NAFLD and NASH in US adults. The representativeness of 3739 US adults aged ≥20 years old who had completed 24 h dietary recall interviews and measurements, including dietary, SSBs, smoking, physical activity, and liver stiffness measurements, were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 surveys. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and weighted logistic regression models were utilized for analyses. The prevalence of NASH was 20.5%, and that of NAFLD (defined without NASH) was 32.7% of US. adults. We observed a higher prevalence of NASH/NAFLD in men, Mexican-Americans, individuals with sugar intake from SSBs, light-moderate alcohol use, lower physical activity levels, higher energy intake, obesity, and medical comorbidities. Heavy sugar consumption through SSBs was significantly associated with NAFLD (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05-2.45). In addition, the intake of ASBs only (compared to the non-SSB category) was significantly associated with NAFLD (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.04-3.05), after adjusting for demographic, risk behaviors, and body mass index. A higher sugar intake from SSBs and exclusive ASB intake are both associated with the risk of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Sung Tseng
- Behavior and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Peng-Sheng Ting
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Po-Hung Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Gabrielle V. Gonzalez
- Behavior and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tilg H, Adolph TE. Sucralose and Erythritol - Not Too Sweet. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:859-861. [PMID: 37646685 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcibr2303516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsai MJ, Li CH, Wu HT, Kuo HY, Wang CT, Pai HL, Chang CJ, Ou HY. Long-Term Consumption of Sucralose Induces Hepatic Insulin Resistance through an Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2-Dependent Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:2814. [PMID: 37375718 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar substitutes have been recommended to be used for weight and glycemic control. However, numerous studies indicate that consumption of artificial sweeteners exerts adverse effects on glycemic homeostasis. Although sucralose is among the most extensively utilized sweeteners in food products, the effects and detailed mechanisms of sucralose on insulin sensitivity remain ambiguous. In this study, we found that bolus administration of sucralose by oral gavage enhanced insulin secretion to decrease plasma glucose levels in mice. In addition, mice were randomly allocated into three groups, chow diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with sucralose (HFSUC), to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of sucralose on glucose homeostasis. In contrast to the effects of sucralose with bolus administration, the supplement of sucralose augmented HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. In addition, we found that administration of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 inhibitor reversed the effects of sucralose on glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice. Moreover, blockade of taste receptor type 1 member 3 (T1R3) by lactisole or pretreatment of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors diminished sucralose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Taken together, sucralose augmented HFD-induced insulin resistance in mice, and interrupted insulin signals through a T1R3-ERK1/2-dependent pathway in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Li
- Department of Family Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 70965, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Teng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Pai
- Graduated Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Science, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yih Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Concha F, Sambra V, Cáceres P, López-Arana S, Carvajal B, Gotteland M. Maternal consumption and perinatal exposure to non-nutritive sweeteners: should we be concerned? Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1200990. [PMID: 37377756 PMCID: PMC10291189 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1200990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The context for this review is the rapid increase in the use of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) instead of sugar in foods and beverages, a situation so prevalent in some countries that consumers are finding it increasingly challenging to access foods without NNSs. The benefits of consuming NNSs on obesity and diabetes are now being questioned, and studies have shown that they may exert physiological activities, sometimes independently of sweet taste receptor stimulation. Few studies, limited mainly to North American and European countries, have described the consumption of NNSs by pregnant or lactating women and infants. Most focus on beverages rather than foods, but all agree that consumption levels have increased dramatically. Although some studies report a negative impact of NNSs on the risk of preterm birth, increased birth weight and decreased gestational age, the level of evidence is low. Several studies have also reported increased weight gain in infancy, associated with maternal NNS intake. Interestingly, several NNSs have been detected in amniotic fluid and breast milk, usually (but not always) at concentrations below their established detection limit in humans. Unfortunately, the impact of chronic exposure of the fetus/infant to low levels of multiple NNSs is unknown. In conclusion, there is a stark contrast between the galloping increase in the consumption of NNSs and the small number of studies evaluating their impact in at-risk groups such as pregnant and lactating women and infants. Clearly, more studies are needed, especially in Latin America and Asia, to fill these gaps and update recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Concha
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Sambra
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Cáceres
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra López-Arana
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bielka Carvajal
- Department of Women and Newborn’s Health Promotion, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nobs SP, Elinav E. Nonnutritive sweeteners and glucose intolerance: Where do we go from here? J Clin Invest 2023; 133:171057. [PMID: 37183822 PMCID: PMC10178830 DOI: 10.1172/jci171057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Division of Microbiome and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bird L. Sucralose: not sweet enough for T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:270. [PMID: 37012434 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|