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Azeem M, Mustafa G, Ahmed S, Mushtaq A, Arshad M, Usama M, Farooq M. Structure based screening and molecular docking with dynamic simulation of natural secondary metabolites to target RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of five different retroviruses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307615. [PMID: 39102385 PMCID: PMC11299834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases pose a serious global health threat due to their rapid transmission and widespread impact. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) participates in the synthesis, transcription, and replication of viral RNA in host. The current study investigates the antiviral potential of secondary metabolites particularly those derived from bacteria, fungi, and plants to develop novel medicines. Using a virtual screening approach that combines molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we aimed to discover compounds with strong interactions with RdRp of five different retroviruses. The top five compounds were selected for each viral RdRp based on their docking scores, binding patterns, molecular interactions, and drug-likeness properties. The molecular docking study uncovered several metabolites with antiviral activity against RdRp. For instance, cytochalasin Z8 had the lowest docking score of -8.9 (kcal/mol) against RdRp of SARS-CoV-2, aspulvinone D (-9.2 kcal/mol) against HIV-1, talaromyolide D (-9.9 kcal/mol) for hepatitis C, aspulvinone D (-9.9 kcal/mol) against Ebola and talaromyolide D also maintained the lowest docking score of -9.2 kcal/mol against RdRp enzyme of dengue virus. These compounds showed remarkable antiviral potential comparable to standard drug (remdesivir -7.4 kcal/mol) approved to target RdRp and possess no significant toxicity. The molecular dynamics simulation confirmed that the best selected ligands were firmly bound to their respective target proteins for a simulation time of 200 ns. The identified lead compounds possess distinctive pharmacological characteristics, making them potential candidates for repurposing as antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Further experimental evaluation and investigation are recommended to ascertain their efficacy and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azeem
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amna Mushtaq
- Department of Medical Laboratory, TIMES Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang-Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usama
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Zure D, David Kuo HW, Drizo A. Insights of phytoremediation mechanisms for viruses based on in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico assessments of selected herbal plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141101. [PMID: 38171396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Waterborne pathogenic viruses present unrelenting challenges to the global health and wastewater treatment industry. Phytoremediation offers promising solutions for wastewater treatment through plant-based technologies. This study investigated antiviral mechanisms in-vivo using bacteriophages MS2 and T4 as surrogates for effective herbs screened in-vitro from three embryophytes (Ocimum basilicum, Mentha sp., Plectranthus amboinicus), two macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes) and a perennial grass (Cyperus rotundas). In-silico virtual screening predicted antiviral phytochemicals for further antiviral potency assessment. Results suggested in-vitro antiviral activities of embryophytes and macrophytes were higher (43-62%) than grass (21-26%). O. basilicum (OB, 57-62%) and P. stratiotes (PS, 59-60%) exhibited the highest antiviral activities. In-vivo tests showed notable virus reduction (>60%) in culture solution, attributed to rhizofiltration (66-74%) and phytoinactivation/phytodegradation (63-84%). In-silico analysis identified rutin as a primary antiviral phytochemical for MS2 (-9.7 kcal/mol) and T4 (-10.9 kcal/mol), correlating with dose-response inactivation (∼58-62%). In-vivo tests suggested additional phytocompounds may contribute to viral inactivation, presenting new opportunities for herb-based wastewater treatment solutions. Consequently, this study not only demonstrates the antiviral capabilities of OB and PS but also introduces an innovative approach for addressing viral contaminants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaiti Zure
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
| | | | - Aleksandra Drizo
- Sustainable Science and Management Program, Tunghai University, Taiwan
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Giordano D, Facchiano A, Carbone V. Food Plant Secondary Metabolites Antiviral Activity and Their Possible Roles in SARS-CoV-2 Treatment: An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062470. [PMID: 36985442 PMCID: PMC10058909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and plant extracts exhibit many biological activities, including that related to the defense mechanisms against parasites. Many studies have investigated the biological functions of secondary metabolites and reported evidence of antiviral activities. The pandemic emergencies have further increased the interest in finding antiviral agents, and efforts are oriented to investigate possible activities of secondary plant metabolites against human viruses and their potential application in treating or preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we performed a comprehensive analysis of studies through in silico and in vitro investigations, also including in vivo applications and clinical trials, to evaluate the state of knowledge on the antiviral activities of secondary metabolites against human viruses and their potential application in treating or preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on natural compounds present in food plants. Although some of the food plant secondary metabolites seem to be useful in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against SARS-CoV-2, up to now, no molecules can be used as a potential treatment for COVID-19; however, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Giordano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Virginia Carbone
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Li J, Liu H, Mazhar MS, Quddus S, Agar OT, Suleria HAR. Australian Native Plum: A Review of the Phytochemical and Health Effects. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2172428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Haoyao Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Mazhar
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade of the Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Salman Quddus
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade of the Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Osman Tuncay Agar
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Quercetin: A Functional Food-Flavonoid Incredibly Attenuates Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections through Immunomodulatory Actions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030938. [PMID: 36770606 PMCID: PMC9920550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the medicinally active molecules in the flavonoid class of phytochemicals are being researched for their potential antiviral activity against various DNA and RNA viruses. Quercetin is a flavonoid that can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits and vegetables. It has been reported to be effective against a variety of viruses. This review, therefore, deciphered the mechanistic of how Quercetin works against some of the deadliest viruses, such as influenza A, Hepatitis C, Dengue type 2 and Ebola virus, which cause frequent outbreaks worldwide and result in significant morbidity and mortality in humans through epidemics or pandemics. All those have an alarming impact on both human health and the global and national economies. The review extended computing the Quercetin-contained natural recourse and its modes of action in different experimental approaches leading to antiviral actions. The gap in effective treatment emphasizes the necessity of a search for new effective antiviral compounds. Quercetin shows potential antiviral activity and inhibits it by targeting viral infections at multiple stages. The suppression of viral neuraminidase, proteases and DNA/RNA polymerases and the alteration of many viral proteins as well as their immunomodulation are the main molecular mechanisms of Quercetin's antiviral activities. Nonetheless, the huge potential of Quercetin and its extensive use is inadequately approached as a therapeutic for emerging and re-emerging viral infections. Therefore, this review enumerated the food-functioned Quercetin source, the modes of action of Quercetin for antiviral effects and made insights on the mechanism-based antiviral action of Quercetin.
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Kulandaisamy R, Kushwaha T, Dalal A, Kumar V, Singh D, Baswal K, Sharma P, Praneeth K, Jorwal P, Kayampeta SR, Sharma T, Maddur S, Kumar M, Kumar S, Polamarasetty A, Singh A, Sehgal D, Gholap SL, Appaiahgari MB, Katika MR, Inampudi KK. Repurposing of FDA Approved Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease: Computational, Biochemical, and in vitro Studies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877813. [PMID: 35620103 PMCID: PMC9127501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV-2) has impacted the world in many ways and the virus continues to evolve and produce novel variants with the ability to cause frequent global outbreaks. Although the advent of the vaccines abated the global burden, they were not effective against all the variants of SCoV-2. This trend warrants shifting the focus on the development of small molecules targeting the crucial proteins of the viral replication machinery as effective therapeutic solutions. The PLpro is a crucial enzyme having multiple roles during the viral life cycle and is a well-established drug target. In this study, we identified 12 potential inhibitors of PLpro through virtual screening of the FDA-approved drug library. Docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies suggested that these molecules bind to the PLpro through multiple interactions. Further, IC50 values obtained from enzyme-inhibition assays affirm the stronger affinities of the identified molecules for the PLpro. Also, we demonstrated high structural conservation in the catalytic site of PLpro between SCoV-2 and Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) through molecular modelling studies. Based on these similarities in PLpro structures and the resemblance in various signalling pathways for the two viruses, we propose that HCoV-229E is a suitable surrogate for SCoV-2 in drug-discovery studies. Validating our hypothesis, Mefloquine, which was effective against HCoV-229E, was found to be effective against SCoV-2 as well in cell-based assays. Overall, the present study demonstrated Mefloquine as a potential inhibitor of SCoV-2 PLpro and its antiviral activity against SCoV-2. Corroborating our findings, based on the in vitro virus inhibition assays, a recent study reported a prophylactic role for Mefloquine against SCoV-2. Accordingly, Mefloquine may further be investigated for its potential as a drug candidate for the treatment of COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tushar Kushwaha
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anu Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Baswal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kokkula Praneeth
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Jorwal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarala R Kayampeta
- Research and Development Division, Srikara Biologicals Private Limited, Tirupati, India
| | - Tamanna Sharma
- Central Research Laboratory Mobile Virology Research and Development BSL3 Lab, Employees' State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Maddur
- Central Research Laboratory Mobile Virology Research and Development BSL3 Lab, Employees' State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparoy Polamarasetty
- Faculty of Biology, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Aekagra Singh
- Virology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Deepak Sehgal
- Virology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Shivajirao L Gholap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohan B Appaiahgari
- Research and Development Division, Srikara Biologicals Private Limited, Tirupati, India
| | - Madhumohan R Katika
- Central Research Laboratory Mobile Virology Research and Development BSL3 Lab, Employees' State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India.,Stem Cell Facility and Regenerative Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishna K Inampudi
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Astiti MA, Jittmittraphap A, Leaungwutiwong P, Chutiwitoonchai N, Pripdeevech P, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. LC-QTOF-MS/MS Based Molecular Networking Approach for the Isolation of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Virucidal Agents from Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123041. [PMID: 34945591 PMCID: PMC8701318 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccinia grandis or ivy gourd is an edible plant. Its leaves and fruits are used as vegetable in many countries. Many works on antidiabetic activity of a crude extract of C. grandis, i.e., in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials studies, have been reported. Profiles of the antidiabetic compounds were previously proposed by using LC-MS or GC-MS. However, the compounds responsible for antidiabetic activity have rarely been isolated and characterized by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data. In the present work, UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis and GNPS molecular networking were used to guide the isolation of α-glucosidase inhibitors from an extract of C. grandis leaves. Seven flavonoid glycosides including rutin (1), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (2) or nicotiflorin, kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside (3), quercetin 3-O-robinobioside (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) or CTN-986, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-api-furanosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (7) were isolated from C. grandis leaves. This is the first report of glycosides containing apiose sugar in the genus Coccinia. These glycosides exhibited remarkable α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, being 4.4–10.3 times more potent than acarbose. Moreover, they also displayed virucidal activity against influenza A virus H1N1, as revealed by the ASTM E1053-20 method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharani A. Astiti
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (M.A.A.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Akanitt Jittmittraphap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchadewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (A.J.); (P.L.)
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchadewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (A.J.); (P.L.)
| | - Nopporn Chutiwitoonchai
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | | | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (M.A.A.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (M.A.A.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (M.A.A.); (C.M.); (S.R.)
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-869-755777
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
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Carrillo JT, Borthakur D. Do Uncommon Plant Phenolic Compounds Have Uncommon Properties? A Mini Review on Novel Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2021. [PMCID: PMC8445810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique plants and their properties, once considered synonymous to medicine, remain a potent source for new compounds in modern science. Plant polyphenols and natural products continue to be investigated for effective treatments for the most persistent of human ailments. In this review, fifty novel plant phenolic compounds have been compiled and briefly described from the previous five years. Select compounds and notable plant species from genus Morinda and Sophora are further expanded on. Traditional medicine plants often contain rich and diverse mixtures of flavonoids, from which rare compounds should receive attention. The bioactivity of crude plant extracts, purified compounds and mixtures can differ greatly, requiring that these interactions and mechanisms of action be investigated in greater detail. Novel applications of uncommon natural products, namely mimosine and juglone, are explored within this review. The 2019 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in abrupt spike of related scientific publications: speculation is made regarding plant natural products and future of antiviral drug discovery.
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Oliveira WQD, Azeredo HMCD, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM. Food packaging wastes amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Trends and challenges. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 116:1195-1199. [PMID: 34092920 PMCID: PMC8166460 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 crisis generated changes in consumer behavior related to food purchase and the management of food packaging. Due to the intensification of online purchases for home delivery, there has been an increase in the use of food packaging (mostly non-biodegradable or non-renewable). Moreover, the fear of contamination with SARS-CoV-2 through contact with materials and surfaces has led to an intensified disposal of food packaging, promoting a setback in waste management. SCOPE AND APPROACH The purpose of this short commentary is to address the impacts of increased use and disposal of food packaging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological solutions have been presented as tools to minimize the environmental impacts of the increased volume of disposed food packaging (namely, the development of biodegradable food packaging) as well as to minimize the occurrence of cross-contamination (namely, the incorporation of active antiviral components). KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The consumer behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic requires actions concerning adoption of bioplastics for single-use food packaging. Polylactide (PLA) stands out for high production viability, performance comparable to those of petroleum-based thermoplastics, and carbon neutral life cycle. Moreover, active components including organic compounds (resveratrol, luteolin, myricetin etc.) and metals (e.g., copper, zinc, silver) can mitigate cross-contamination. Therefore, there are opportunities to reduce food packaging-related environmental footprints while also decreasing the occurrence of surface-mediated cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williara Queiroz de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, R Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Embrapa Instrumentação R XV de Novembro, 1452, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Iramaia Angélica Neri-Numa
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Rutin: A Potential Antiviral for Repurposing as a SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) Inhibitor. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21991723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various computational studies, including in silico ones, have identified several existing compounds that could serve as effective inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), and thus preventing replication of the virus. Among these, rutin has been identified as a potential hit, having prominent binding affinity to the virus. Moreover, its presence in several traditional antiviral medicines prescribed in China to infected patients with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19 justify its promise as a repurposed bioactive secondary metabolite against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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12
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Xing Y, Hua YR, Shang J, Ge WH, Liao J. Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology study on exploring the mechanism of Xuebijing Injection in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:941-951. [PMID: 33357725 PMCID: PMC7831566 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a representative drug for the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis, Xuebijing (XBJ) injection is also one of the recommended drugs for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its treatment mechanism for COVID-19 is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential mechanism of XBJ injection in the treatment of COVID-19 employing network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The corresponding target genes of 45 main active ingredients in XBJ injection and COVID-19 were obtained by using multiple database retrieval and literature mining. 102 overlapping targets of them were screened as the core targets for analysis. Then built the PPI network, TCM-compound-target-disease, and disease-target-pathway networks with the help of Cytoscape 3.6.1 software. After that, utilized DAVID to perform gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to predict the action mechanism of overlapping targets. Finally, by applying molecular docking technology, all compounds were docked with COVID-19 3 CL protease(3CLpro), spike protein (S protein), and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). The results indicated that quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and other compounds in XBJ injection could affect TNF, MAPK1, IL6 and other overlapping targets. Meanwhile, anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB), salvianolic acid B (SAB), and rutin could combine with COVID-19 crucial proteins, and then played the role of anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immune response to treat COVID-19. This study revealed the multiple active components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways of XBJ injection in the treatment of COVID-19, which provided a new perspective for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ying-Rong Hua
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wei-Hong Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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13
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Khalil A, Tazeddinova D. The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:411-429. [PMID: 33057955 PMCID: PMC7558243 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a large family of more than 10,000 naturally occurring compounds, which exert countless pharmacological, biological and physiological benefits for human health including several chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Their role in traditional medicine, such as the use of a wide range of remedial herbs (thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil), has been well and long known for treating common respiratory problems and cold infections. This review reports on the most highlighted polyphenolic compounds present in up to date literature and their specific antiviral perceptive properties that might enhance the body immunity facing COVID-19, and other viral infectious diseases. In fact, several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numerous human pathogens including SARS and MERS, which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms. Thus, polyphenols ought to be considered as a potential and valuable source for designing new drugs that could be used effectively in the combat against COVID-19 and other rigorous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Khalil
- Department of Food Technology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Diana Tazeddinova
- Department of Food Technology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
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14
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Farha AK, Gan RY, Li HB, Wu DT, Atanasov AG, Gul K, Zhang JR, Yang QQ, Corke H. The anticancer potential of the dietary polyphenol rutin: Current status, challenges, and perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:832-859. [PMID: 33054344 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1829541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rutin is one of the most common dietary polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and other plants. It is metabolized by the mammalian gut microbiota and absorbed from the intestines, and becomes bioavailable in the form of conjugated metabolites. Rutin exhibits a plethora of bioactive properties, making it an extremely promising phytochemical. Numerous studies demonstrate that rutin can act as a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent, and its anticancer effects can be mediated through the suppression of cell proliferation, the induction of apoptosis or autophagy, and the hindering of angiogenesis and metastasis. Rutin has been found to modulate multiple molecular targets involved in carcinogenesis, such as cell cycle mediators, cellular kinases, inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, drug transporters, and reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes the natural sources of rutin, its bioavailability, and in particular its potential use as an anticancer agent, with highlighting its anticancer mechanisms as well as molecular targets. Additionally, this review updates the anticancer potential of its analogs, nanoformulations, and metabolites, and discusses relevant safety issues. Overall, rutin is a promising natural dietary compound with promising anticancer potential and can be widely used in functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals for the prevention and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Khalid Gul
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
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15
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Song W, Liu LL, Ren YJ, Wei SD, Yang HB. Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanism on mushroom tyrosinase by condensed tannins isolation from the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1813-1821. [PMID: 33038405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of extracted condensed tannin (CT) from the fruit of Sour jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow) and the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibits the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. The structure of CT was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The kinetic assays were used to detect inhibition effect, type and mechanism. UV scanning, fluorescence quenching, copper interacting, o-quinone interaction and molecular docking assays were also used to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibit tyrosinase. The results showed the structural units of CT containing afzelechin/epiafzelechin, catechin/epicatechin, and gallocatechin/epigallocatechin. Kinetic analysis showed that CT inhibits both the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase and exhibits reversible, mixed type mechanism. The fruit CT interacts primarily with the copper ions and specific amino acid residue (Asn191, Thr203, Ala202, Ser206, Met201, His194, His54, Glu182 and Ile42) in the active site of tyrosinase to disturb oxidation of substrates by tyrosinase. These results suggested the sour jujube fruit is a potential natural source of tyrosinase inhibitors, and has a potential to be used in food preservation, whitening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Ren
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China; Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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16
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Cai Y, Zheng Q, Sun R, Wu J, Li X, Liu R. Recent progress in the study of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yin Chen), a promising medicinal herb for liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Prunus is a large genus in the Rosaceae family of flowering plants, comprising over 340 species inhabiting variable landscapes in the world. Over 500 listed phytochemicals have been isolated from this single genus so far. The present study focused four Chinese Prunus species, viz., Prunus cerasifera, Prunus domestica, Prunus salicina, and Prunus spinosa, due to their uses, demand, nutritional value, medicinal importance, and diverse biological potential. The current review article highlights the details about the active phytochemicals and various pharmacological activities already reported. Almost 212 compounds, the majority of which are flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and their derivatives, which have been isolated from these four Prunus species fall in different categories and are helpful to evade chronic oxidative stress-mediated diseases. A huge variation exists in the total phytochemicals composition in different Prunus species, making these species to have different biological activities in multiple disease conditions, and even the same variety growing under different edaphic conditions may have different antioxidant capacities. It is suggested to perform extensive and indepth studies to find new phytochemicals from these four Chinese Prunus species which could boost the local industry to fulfill the increasing demands.
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18
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Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Bazzi AM, Alfouzan WA, Alsuliman SA, Aldrazi FA, Haque S. Overview of hepatitis C infection, molecular biology, and new treatment. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:773-783. [PMID: 31870632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that 71 million people worldwide have chronic hepatitis C viral infection. A major challenge is overall lack of public awareness of hepatitis C, particularly among infected people of their infection status. Chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with advanced liver disease, is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and causes many extra-hepatic manifestations. The existence of seven viral genotypes complicates targeting of treatment. Recent years have seen the approval of many direct acting antivirals targeted at hepatitis C virus non-structural proteins. These have revolutionized therapy as they allow achievement of extremely high sustained virologic responses. Of great significance is the development of pan-genotypic drug combinations, including the NS3/4A-NS5A inhibitor combinations sofosbuvir-velpatasvir and glecaprevir-pibrentasvir. However, resistance-associated mutations can result in failure of these treatments in a small number of patients. This, combined with the high costs of treatment, highlights the importance of continued research into effective anti-hepatitis C therapies, for example aimed at viral entry. Recent developments include identification of the potential of low-cost anti-histamines for repurposing as inhibitors of hepatitis C viral entry. In this review we focus on molecular biology of hepatitis C virus, and the new developments in hepatitis C treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shamsah H Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Bazzi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha A Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait; Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Dasma 35153, Kuwait
| | - Shahab A Alsuliman
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A Aldrazi
- Infection Control Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Denaro M, Smeriglio A, Barreca D, De Francesco C, Occhiuto C, Milano G, Trombetta D. Antiviral activity of plants and their isolated bioactive compounds: An update. Phytother Res 2019; 34:742-768. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Clara De Francesco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Cristina Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Giada Milano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
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20
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Fatima A, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Yaseen G, Sultana S, Gulfraz M, Khan AM. Scanning electron microscopy as a tool for authentication of oil yielding seed. Microsc Res Tech 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Fatima
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Amir Muhammad Khan
- Department of Botany; Mianwali Sub-Campus, University of Sargodha; Pakistan
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