1
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Nair DM, Vajravelu LK, Thulukanam J, Paneerselvam V, Vimala PB, Lathakumari RH. Tackling hepatitis B Virus with CRISPR/Cas9: advances, challenges, and delivery strategies. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-024-02105-3. [PMID: 39196289 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health challenge, with chronic HBV leading to severe liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatments often fail to eradicate the virus, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a dynamic tool for precise genome editing and presents a promising approach to targeting and eliminating HBV infection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advances, challenges, and delivery strategies associated with CRISPR/Cas9-based therapies for HBV. We begin by elucidating the mechanism of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and then explore HBV pathogenesis, focusing on the role of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated HBV DNA in maintaining chronic infection. CRISPR/Cas9 can disrupt these key viral reservoirs, which are critical for persistent HBV replication and associated liver damage. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 in HBV treatment faces significant challenges, such as off-target effects, delivery efficiency, and immune responses. These challenges are addressed by examining current approaches to enhance the specificity, safety, and efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9. A future perspective on the development and clinical translation of CRISPR/Cas9 therapies for HBV is provided, emphasizing the requirement for further research to improve delivery methods and ensure durable safety and effectiveness. This review underscores the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in combating HBV and sets the stage for future breakthroughs in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshina M Nair
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Leela Kakithakara Vajravelu
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaprakash Thulukanam
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnupriya Paneerselvam
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Poornima Baskar Vimala
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rahul Harikumar Lathakumari
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Bartosh UI, Dome AS, Zhukova NV, Karitskaya PE, Stepanov GA. CRISPR/Cas9 as a New Antiviral Strategy for Treating Hepatitis Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:334. [PMID: 38203503 PMCID: PMC10779197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease primarily caused by hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV), and E (HEV) viruses. The chronic forms of hepatitis resulting from HBV and HCV infections can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while acute hepatitis can lead to acute liver failure, sometimes resulting in fatality. Viral hepatitis was responsible for over 1 million reported deaths annually. The treatment of hepatitis caused by viral infections currently involves the use of interferon-α (IFN-α), nucleoside inhibitors, and reverse transcriptase inhibitors (for HBV). However, these methods do not always lead to a complete cure for viral infections, and chronic forms of the disease pose significant treatment challenges. These facts underscore the urgent need to explore novel drug developments for the treatment of viral hepatitis. The discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the subsequent development of various modifications of this system have represented a groundbreaking advance in the quest for innovative strategies in the treatment of viral infections. This technology enables the targeted disruption of specific regions of the genome of infectious agents or the direct manipulation of cellular factors involved in viral replication by introducing a double-strand DNA break, which is targeted by guide RNA (spacer). This review provides a comprehensive summary of our current knowledge regarding the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in the regulation of viral infections caused by HAV, HBV, and HCV. It also highlights new strategies for drug development aimed at addressing both acute and chronic forms of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grigory A. Stepanov
- The Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (U.I.B.); (A.S.D.); (N.V.Z.); (P.E.K.)
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3
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Kim TH, Lee SW. Generation of hepatitis C virus-resistant liver cells by genome editing-mediated stable expression of RNA aptamer. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101151. [PMID: 38027068 PMCID: PMC10667763 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections frequently recur after liver transplantation in patients with HCV-related liver diseases. Approximately 30% of these patients progress to cirrhosis within 5 years after surgery. In this study, we proposed an effective therapeutic strategy to overcome the recurrence of HCV. CRISPR-Cas9 was used to insert an expression cassette encoding an RNA aptamer targeting HCV NS5B replicase as an anti-HCV agent into adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1), known as a "safe harbor," in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line to confer resistance to HCV. The RNA aptamer expression system based on a dihydrofolate reductase minigene was precisely knocked in into AAVS1, leading to the stable expression of aptamer RNA in the developed cell line. HCV replication was effectively inhibited at both the RNA and protein levels in cells transfected with HCV RNA or infected with HCV. RNA immunoprecipitation and competition experiments strongly suggested that this HCV inhibition was due to the RNA aptamer-mediated sequestration of HCV NS5B. No off-target insertion of the RNA aptamer expression construct was observed. The findings suggest that HCV-resistant liver cells produced by genome editing technology could be used as a new alternative in the development of a treatment for HCV-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Lee
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Omics, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, Rznomics Inc., Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhang H, Tu T. Targeting Hepatitis B Virus DNA Using Designer Gene Editors. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:895-916. [PMID: 37778776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious disease that currently has no cure. Key forms of HBV include covalently closed circular DNA, which mediates chronic persistence, and integrated DNA, which contributes to immune evasion and carcinogenesis. These forms are not targeted by current therapies; however, gene editing technologies have emerged as promising tools for disrupting HBV DNA. Gene editor-induced double-stranded breaks at precise locations within the HBV genome can induce effects ranging from inactivation of target genes to complete degradation of the target genome. Although promising, several challenges remain in efficacy and safety that require solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zhang
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney School of Medicine and Health, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Thomas Tu
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney School of Medicine and Health, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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5
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Cai B, Chang S, Tian Y, Zhen S. CRISPR/Cas9 for hepatitis B virus infection treatment. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e866. [PMID: 37249290 PMCID: PMC10170306 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health challenge. Despite the availability of effective preventive vaccines, millions of people are at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current drug therapies inhibit viral replication, slow the progression of liver fibrosis and reduce infectivity, but they rarely remove the covalently sealed circular DNA (cccDNA) of the virus that causes HBV persistence. Alternative treatment strategies, including those based on CRISPR/cas9 knockout virus gene, can effectively inhibit HBV replication, so it has a good prospect. During chronic infection, some virus gene knockouts based on CRISPR/cas9 may even lead to cccDNA inactivation. This paper reviews the progress of different HBV CRISPR/cas9, vectors for delivering to the liver, and the current situation of preclinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cai
- Center of Medical GeneticsNorthwest Women's and Children's HospitalXi'anShaanxiPR. China
| | - Shixue Chang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiPR. China
| | - Yuhan Tian
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiPR. China
| | - Shuai Zhen
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiPR. China
- Genetic Disease Diagnosis Center of Shaanxi provinceXi'anShaanxiPR. China
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6
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Martinez MG, Smekalova E, Combe E, Gregoire F, Zoulim F, Testoni B. Gene Editing Technologies to Target HBV cccDNA. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122654. [PMID: 36560658 PMCID: PMC9787400 DOI: 10.3390/v14122654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, since chronic HBV infection is associated with elevated risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current licensed therapies against HBV efficiently suppress viral replication; however, they do not have significant effects on the intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of the viral minichromosome responsible for viral persistence. Thus, life-long treatment is required to avoid viral rebound. There is a significant need for novel therapies that can reduce, silence or eradicate cccDNA, thus preventing HBV reemergence after treatment withdrawal. In this review, we discuss the latest developments and applications of gene editing and related approaches for directly targeting HBV DNA and, more specifically, cccDNA in infected hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel Combe
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), 69002 Lyon, France
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Testoni
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR-5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 69008 Lyon, France
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
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7
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Jacobs R, Singh P, Smith T, Arbuthnot P, Maepa MB. Prospects of viral vector-mediated delivery of sequences encoding anti-HBV designer endonucleases. Gene Ther 2022:10.1038/s41434-022-00342-5. [PMID: 35606493 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Available treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection offers modest functional curative efficacy. The viral replicative intermediate comprising covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is responsible for persistent chronic HBV infection. Hence, current efforts have focused on developing therapies that disable cccDNA. Employing gene editing tools has emerged as an attractive strategy, with the end goal of establishing permanently inactivated cccDNA. Although anti-HBV designer nucleases are effective in vivo, none has yet progressed to clinical trial. Lack of safe and efficient delivery systems remains the limiting factor. Several vectors may be used to deliver anti-HBV gene editor-encoding sequences, with viral vectors being at the forefront. Despite the challenges associated with packaging large gene editor-encoding sequences into viral vectors, advancement in the field is overcoming such limitations. Translation of viral vector-mediated gene editing against HBV to clinical application is within reach. This review discusses the prospects of delivering HBV targeted designer nucleases using viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhwaanah Jacobs
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Prashika Singh
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tiffany Smith
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohube Betty Maepa
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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8
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Kim TH, Lee SW. Therapeutic Application of Genome Editing Technologies in Viral Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5399. [PMID: 35628210 PMCID: PMC9140762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections can be fatal and consequently, they are a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the development of vaccines and appropriate antiviral therapeutic agents is essential. Depending on the virus, it can cause an acute or a chronic infection. The characteristics of viruses can act as inhibiting factors for the development of appropriate treatment methods. Genome editing technology, including the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), is a technology that can directly target and modify genomic sequences in almost all eukaryotic cells. The development of this technology has greatly expanded its applicability in life science research and gene therapy development. Research on the use of this technology to develop therapeutics for viral diseases is being conducted for various purposes, such as eliminating latent infections or providing resistance to new infections. In this review, we will look at the current status of the development of viral therapeutic agents using genome editing technology and discuss how this technology can be used as a new treatment approach for viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Seong-Wook Lee
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Omics, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea
- R&D Center, Rznomics Inc., Seongnam 13486, Korea
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9
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Jamehdor S, Pajouhanfar S, Saba S, Uzan G, Teimoori A, Naserian S. Principles and Applications of CRISPR Toolkit in Virus Manipulation, Diagnosis, and Virus-Host Interactions. Cells 2022; 11:999. [PMID: 35326449 PMCID: PMC8946942 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are one of the most important concerns for human health, and overcoming viral infections is a worldwide challenge. However, researchers have been trying to manipulate viral genomes to overcome various disorders, including cancer, for vaccine development purposes. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is becoming one of the most functional and widely used tools for RNA and DNA manipulation in multiple organisms. This approach has provided an unprecedented opportunity for creating simple, inexpensive, specific, targeted, accurate, and practical manipulations of viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and vaccinia virus. Furthermore, this method can be used to make an effective and precise diagnosis of viral infections. Nevertheless, a valid and scientifically designed CRISPR system is critical to make more effective and accurate changes in viruses. In this review, we have focused on the best and the most effective ways to design sgRNA, gene knock-in(s), and gene knock-out(s) for virus-targeted manipulation. Furthermore, we have emphasized the application of CRISPR technology in virus diagnosis and in finding significant genes involved in virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Jamehdor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 989155432609, Iran;
| | - Sara Pajouhanfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Sadaf Saba
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France;
- Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838738, Iran
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France;
- Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
- CellMedEx, 94100 Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
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10
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Recent Progress and Future Prospective in HBV Cure by CRISPR/Cas. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010004. [PMID: 35062208 PMCID: PMC8781244 DOI: 10.3390/v14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains an important issue of global public health. Although current antiviral therapy has dramatically reduced the mortality and morbidity of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), it fails to cure it. Rebound viremia often occurs after stopping antiviral therapy. Persistent HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated DNA under antiviral therapy form the major barrier to eradication of HBV infection. CRISPR-mediated genome editing has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to specifically destroy persistent HBV genomes, both cccDNA and integrated DNA, for HBV cure. However, the cleavage of integrated HBV DNA by CRISPR-Cas9 will cause double-strand break (DSB) of host genome, raising a serious safety concern about genome instability and carcinogenesis. The newly developed CRISPR-derived base editors (BEs), which fuse a catalytically disabled nuclease with a nucleobase deaminase enzyme, can be used to permanently inactivate HBV genome by introducing irreversible point mutations for generation of premature stop codons without DSBs of host genome. Although promising, CRISPR-mediated base editing still faces daunting challenges before its clinical application, including the base-editing efficacy, the off-target effect, the difficulty in finding conserved target HBV sequences, and in vivo delivery efficiency. Several strategies have been adopted to optimize the efficiency and specificity of CRISPR-BEs and to improve in vivo delivery efficacy through novel viral and non-viral delivery approaches. Particularly, the non-viral delivery of Cas9 mRNA and ribonucleoprotein by lipid nanoparticles exhibits attractive potential for liver-targeted delivery in clinical. Along with all progress above, the CRISPR-mediated gene therapy will ultimately achieve HBV cure.
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11
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Short term but highly efficient Cas9 expression mediated by excisional system using adenovirus vector and Cre. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24369. [PMID: 34934130 PMCID: PMC8692473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have both become common gene engineering technologies and have been applied to gene therapy. However, the problems of increasing the efficiency of genome editing and reducing off-target effects that induce double-stranded breaks at unexpected sites in the genome remain. In this study, we developed a novel Cas9 transduction system, Exci-Cas9, using an adenovirus vector (AdV). Cas9 was expressed on a circular molecule excised by the site-specific recombinase Cre and succeeded in shortening the expression period compared to AdV, which expresses the gene of interest for at least 6 months. As an example, we chose hepatitis B, which currently has more than 200 million carriers in the world and frequently progresses to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiencies of hepatitis B virus genome disruption by Exci-Cas9 and Cas9 expression by AdV directly (Avec) were the same, about 80–90%. Furthermore, Exci-Cas9 enabled cell- or tissue-specific genome editing by expressing Cre from a cell- or tissue-specific promoter. We believe that Exci-Cas9 developed in this study is useful not only for resolving the persistent expression of Cas9, which has been a problem in genome editing, but also for eliminating long-term DNA viruses such as human papilloma virus.
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12
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Kato Y, Tabata H, Sato K, Nakamura M, Saito I, Nakanishi T. Adenovirus Vectors Expressing Eight Multiplex Guide RNAs of CRISPR/Cas9 Efficiently Disrupted Diverse Hepatitis B Virus Gene Derived from Heterogeneous Patient. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10570. [PMID: 34638909 PMCID: PMC8508944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects more than 240 million people worldwide, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 could provide new therapies because it can directly disrupt HBV genomes. However, because HBV genome sequences are highly diverse, the identical target sequence of guide RNA (gRNA), 20 nucleotides in length, is not necessarily present intact in the target HBV DNA in heterogeneous patients. Consequently, possible genome-editing drugs would be effective only for limited numbers of patients. Here, we show that an adenovirus vector (AdV) bearing eight multiplex gRNA expression units could be constructed in one step and amplified to a level sufficient for in vivo study with lack of deletion. Using this AdV, HBV X gene integrated in HepG2 cell chromosome derived from a heterogeneous patient was cleaved at multiple sites and disrupted. Indeed, four targets out of eight could not be cleaved due to sequence mismatches, but the remaining four targets were cleaved, producing irreversible deletions. Accordingly, the diverse X gene was disrupted at more than 90% efficiency. AdV containing eight multiplex gRNA units not only offers multiple knockouts of genes, but could also solve the problems of heterogeneous targets and escape mutants in genome-editing therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/physiology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Editing/methods
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- HEK293 Cells
- Hep G2 Cells
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/metabolism
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/therapy
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/genetics
- Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Replication/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kato
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.); (M.N.); (T.N.)
| | - Hirotaka Tabata
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.); (M.N.); (T.N.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Kumiko Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.); (M.N.); (T.N.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Izumu Saito
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.); (M.N.); (T.N.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan; (Y.K.); (H.T.); (M.N.); (T.N.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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13
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Lin H, Li G, Peng X, Deng A, Ye L, Shi L, Wang T, He J. The Use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Tool to Study Human Infectious Viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:590989. [PMID: 34513721 PMCID: PMC8430244 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.590989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems are a set of versatile gene-editing toolkit that perform diverse revolutionary functions in various fields of application such as agricultural practices, food industry, biotechnology, biomedicine, and clinical research. Specially, as a novel antiviral method of choice, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively and effectively exploited to fight against human infectious viruses. Infectious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and other viruses are still global threats with persistent potential to probably cause pandemics. To facilitate virus removals, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has already been customized to confer new antiviral capabilities into host animals either by modifying host genome or by directly targeting viral inherent factors in the form of DNA. Although several limitations and difficulties still need to be conquered, this technology holds great promises in the treatment of human viral infectious diseases. In this review, we will first present a brief biological feature of CRISPR/Cas9 systems, which includes a description of CRISPR/Cas9 structure and composition; thereafter, we will focus on the investigations and applications that employ CRISPR/Cas9 system to combat several human infectious viruses and discuss challenges and future perspectives of using this new platform in the preclinical and clinical settings as an antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Lin
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwen Peng
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Aimin Deng
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuanmei Wang
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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14
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Duraisamy GS, Bhosale D, Lipenská I, Huvarova I, Růžek D, Windisch MP, Miller AD. Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccinations, and Precision Medicine in the Treatment and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infections; Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Viruses 2020; 12:v12090998. [PMID: 32906840 PMCID: PMC7552065 DOI: 10.3390/v12090998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is an area of massive unmet clinical need worldwide. In spite of the development of powerful nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NUC) drugs, and the widespread use of immune stimulators such as interferon-alpha (IFNα) or PEGylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFNα), substantial improvements in CHB standards of care are still required. We believe that the future for CHB treatment now rests with advanced therapeutics, vaccination, and precision medicine, if all are to bring under control this most resilient of virus infections. In spite of a plethora of active drug treatments, anti-viral vaccinations and diagnostic techniques, the management of CHB infection remains unresolved. The reason for this is the very complexity of the virus replication cycle itself, giving rise to multiple potential targets for therapeutic intervention some of which remain very intractable indeed. Our review is focused on discussing the potential impact that advanced therapeutics, vaccinations and precision medicine could have on the future management of CHB infection. We demonstrate that advanced therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CHB, in the form of gene and immune therapies, together with modern vaccination strategies, are now emerging rapidly to tackle the limitations of current therapeutic approaches to CHB treatment in clinic. In addition, precision medicine approaches are now gathering pace too, starting with personalized medicine. On the basis of this, we argue that the time has now come to accelerate the design and creation of precision therapeutic approaches (PTAs) for CHB treatment that are based on advanced diagnostic tools and nanomedicine, and which could maximize CHB disease detection, treatment, and monitoring in ways that could genuinely eliminate CHB infection altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Selvaraj Duraisamy
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Dattatry Bhosale
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Ivana Lipenská
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Ivana Huvarova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marc P. Windisch
- Applied Molecular Virology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Černá Pole, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- KP Therapeutics (Europe) s.r.o., Purkyňova 649/127, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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15
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Sato A, Ono C, Tamura T, Mori H, Izumi T, Torii S, Fauzyah Y, Yamamoto T, Morioka Y, Okuzaki D, Fukuhara T, Matsuura Y. Rimonabant suppresses RNA transcription of hepatitis B virus by inhibiting hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:345-355. [PMID: 31981244 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) sometime induces lethal cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although nucleot(s)ide analogs are used as main treatment for HBV infection, the emergence of the drug-resistant viruses has become a problem. To discover novel antivirals with low side effects and low risk of emergence of resistant viruses, screening for anti-HBV compounds was performed with compound libraries of inhibitors targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). HepG2-hNTCP C4 cells infected with HBV were treated with various GPCR inhibitors and harvested at 14 day postinfection for quantification of core protein in the first screening or relaxed circular DNA in the second screening. Finally, we identified a cannabinoid receptor 1 inhibitor, rimonabant, as a candidate showing anti-HBV effect. In HepG2-hNTCP C4 cells, treatment with rimonabant suppressed HBV propagation at the viral RNA transcription step but had no effect on entry or covalently closed circular DNA level. The values of half maximal inhibitory concentration, half maximal effective concentration, and selectivity index of rimonabant in primary human hepatocyte (PHH) are 2.77 μm, 40.4 μm, and 14.6, respectively. Transcriptome analysis of rimonabant-treated primary hepatocytes by RNA sequencing revealed that the transcriptional activity of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), which is known to stimulate viral RNA synthesis, was depressed. By treatment of PHH with rimonabant, the expression level of HNF4α protein and the production of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of downstream factors promoted by HNF4α were reduced while the amount of HNF4α mRNA was not altered. These results suggest that treatment with rimonabant suppresses HBV propagation through the inhibition of HNF4α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Sato
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuma Izumi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control and Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuzy Fauzyah
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Morioka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Human Immunology Lab, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Sullivan NT, Dampier W, Chung CH, Allen AG, Atkins A, Pirrone V, Homan G, Passic S, Williams J, Zhong W, Kercher K, Desimone M, Li L, C Antell G, Mell JC, Ehrlich GD, Szep Z, Jacobson JM, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Novel gRNA design pipeline to develop broad-spectrum CRISPR/Cas9 gRNAs for safe targeting of the HIV-1 quasispecies in patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17088. [PMID: 31745112 PMCID: PMC6864089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been proposed as a cure strategy for HIV. However, few published guide RNAs (gRNAs) are predicted to cleave the majority of HIV-1 viral quasispecies (vQS) observed within and among patients. We report the design of a novel pipeline to identify gRNAs that target HIV across a large number of infected individuals. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of LTRs from 269 HIV-1-infected samples in the Drexel CARES Cohort was used to select gRNAs with predicted broad-spectrum activity. In silico, D-LTR-P4-227913 (package of the top 4 gRNAs) accounted for all detectable genetic variation within the vQS of the 269 samples and the Los Alamos National Laboratory HIV database. In silico secondary structure analyses from NGS indicated extensive TAR stem-loop malformations predicted to inactivate proviral transcription, which was confirmed by reduced viral gene expression in TZM-bl or P4R5 cells. Similarly, a high sensitivity in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage assay showed that the top-ranked gRNA was the most effective at cleaving patient-derived HIV-1 LTRs from five patients. Furthermore, the D-LTR-P4-227913 was predicted to cleave a median of 96.1% of patient-derived sequences from other HIV subtypes. These results demonstrate that the gRNAs possess broad-spectrum cutting activity and could contribute to an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cheng-Han Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Alexander G Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Andrew Atkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Vanessa Pirrone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Greg Homan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Shendra Passic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jean Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Katherine Kercher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Mathew Desimone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luna Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Gregory C Antell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Chang Mell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19102, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19102, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19102, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19102, Pennsylvania, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19102, PA, USA
| | - Zsofia Szep
- Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Jacobson
- Department of Neuroscience and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, PA, USA
- Center for Translational AIDS Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Maehara Y, Soejima Y, Yoshizumi T, Kawahara N, Oki E, Saeki H, Akahoshi T, Ikegami T, Yamashita YI, Furuyama T, Sugimachi K, Harada N, Tagawa T, Harimoto N, Itoh S, Sonoda H, Ando K, Nakashima Y, Nagao Y, Yamashita N, Kasagi Y, Yukaya T, Kurihara T, Tsutsumi R, Takamori S, Sasaki S, Ikeda T, Yonemitsu Y, Fukuhara T, Kitao H, Iimori M, Kataoka Y, Wakasa T, Suzuki M, Teraishi K, Yoshida Y, Mori M. The evolution of surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancers. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:1333-1349. [PMID: 31522313 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the latest Japanese nationwide estimates, over a million Japanese people are newly diagnosed with cancer each year. Since gastrointestinal cancers account for more than 40% of all cancer-related deaths, it is imperative to formulate effective strategies to control them. MATERIALS AND METHODS, AND RESULTS Basic drug discovery research Our research has revealed that the abnormal expression of regulators of chromosomal stability is a cause of cancers and identified an effective compound against cancers with chromosomal instability. We revealed the molecular mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of cancer cells via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis to CAR-like cells and identified an MEK inhibitor effective against these tumors. Residual tumor cells after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer are LGR5-positive cancer stem cells and their ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species is elevated. The development of surgical procedures and devices In cases of gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal cancer, we determined the anastomotic line for evaluating the blood flow using ICG angiography and measuring the tissue O2 metabolism. We established a novel gastric reconstruction method (book-binding technique) for gastric cancer and a new rectal reconstruction method focusing on the intra-intestinal pressure resistance for rectal cancer. We established a novel tissue fusion method, which allows contact-free local heating and retains tissue viability with very little damage, and developed an understanding of the collagen-related processes that underpin laser-induced tissue fusion. Strategy to prevent carcinogenesis We succeeded in cleaving hepatitis B virus DNA integrated into the nucleus of hepatocytes using genome editing tools. The development of HCC from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may be prevented by metabolic surgery. CONCLUSION We believe that these efforts will help to significantly improve the gastrointestinal cancer treatment and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Maehara
- Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yuji Soejima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawahara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Akahoshi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Furuyama
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keishi Sugimachi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideto Sonoda
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Imari Arita Kyoritsu Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakashima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagao
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Kasagi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Fukuoka Higashi Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yukaya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kurihara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinkichi Takamori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ikeda
- Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yonemitsu
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharma-Ceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakasa
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Teraishi
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharma-Ceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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El-Kenawy A, Benarba B, Neves AF, de Araujo TG, Tan BL, Gouri A. Gene surgery: Potential applications for human diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:908-930. [PMID: 31762718 PMCID: PMC6868916 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy became in last decade a new emerging therapeutic era showing promising results against different diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Recently, the genome editing technique for eukaryotic cells called CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) has enriched the field of gene surgery with enhanced applications. In the present review, we summarized the different applications of gene surgery for treating human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, nervous, and cardiovascular diseases, besides the molecular mechanisms involved in these important effects. Several studies support the important therapeutic applications of gene surgery in a large number of health disorders and diseases including β-thalassemia, cancer, immunodeficiencies, diabetes, and neurological disorders. In diabetes, gene surgery was shown to be effective in type 1 diabetes by triggering different signaling pathways. Furthermore, gene surgery, especially that using CRISPR-Cas possessed important application on diagnosis, screening and treatment of several cancers such as lung, liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, gene surgery still presents some limitations such as the design difficulties and costs regarding ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases) and TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases) use, off-target effects, low transfection efficiency, in vivo delivery-safety and ethical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Kenawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Biology, GEBRI, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 79, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Bachir Benarba
- Laboratory Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mascara, Algeria
| | - Adriana Freitas Neves
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Goias, Catalao, Brazil
| | - Thaise Gonçalves de Araujo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
| | - Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adel Gouri
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Annaba, Algeria
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Ebrahimi S, Teimoori A, Khanbabaei H, Tabasi M. Harnessing CRISPR/Cas 9 System for manipulation of DNA virus genome. Rev Med Virol 2018; 29:e2009. [PMID: 30260068 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system, a genome editing system, has many potential applications in virology. The possibility of introducing site specific breaks has provided new possibilities to precisely manipulate viral genomics. Here, we provide diagrams to summarize the steps involved in the process. We also systematically review recent applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for manipulation of DNA virus genomics and discuss the therapeutic potential of the system to treat viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Ebrahimi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabasi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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