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Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Alteration of oral microbial biofilms by sweeteners. Biofilm 2024; 7:100171. [PMID: 38197082 PMCID: PMC10772577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using sweeteners for taste improvement in the food and drink industry. Sweeteners were found to regulate the formation or dispersal of structural components of microbial biofilms. Dietary sugars may enhance biofilm formation and facilitate the development of antimicrobial resistance, which has become a major health issue worldwide. In contrast, bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners are also beneficial for managing microbial infections. This review discusses the clinical significance of oral biofilms formed upon the administration of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners. The underlying mechanism of action of sweeteners in the regulation of mono- or poly-microbial biofilm formation and destruction is comprehensively discussed. Bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners have also been used in conjunction with antimicrobial substances to reduce microbial biofilm formation. Formulations with bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners have been demonstrated to be particularly efficient in this regard. Finally, future perspectives with respect to advancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying biofilm regulation activities of sweeteners are presented as well. Several alternative strategies for the application of bulk sweeteners and non-nutritive sweeteners have been employed to control the biofilm-forming microbial pathogens. Gaining insight into the underlying mechanisms responsible for enhancing or inhibiting biofilm formation and virulence properties by both mono- and poly-microbial species in the presence of the sweetener is crucial for developing a therapeutic agent to manage microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
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Pujarern P, Klaophimai A, Amornsettachai P, Panyayong W, Chuenjitkuntaworn B, Rokaya D, Suphangul S. Efficacy of Biofilm Removal on the Dental Implant Surface by Sodium Bicarbonate and Erythritol Powder Airflow System. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38555648 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peri-implantitis is a common complication in implant therapy and it is one of the main contributing factors to implant failure. This can be prevented by regular maintenance with mechanical debridement. One of the recent mechanical debridement methods is air abrasion therapy using different abrasive powders. This study aimed to evaluate the two common abrasive powders of different sizes (sodium bicarbonate and erythritol) for their biofilm cleaning efficacy on dental implant surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an in vitro setting, a total of 33 implants were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n =11) = no treatment; group 2 (n = 11) = air abrasion therapy treated group using a sodium bicarbonate powder (AIRFLOW Powder Classic Comfort, EMS Electro Medical Systems, Nyon, Switzerland); and group 3 (n = 11) = air abrasion therapy treated group using an erythritol powder (AIRFLOW Powder Plus, EMS Electro Medical Systems, Nyon, Switzerland). The implants in each group were subjected to biofilm formation, and group 2 and group 3 were treated with air abrasion therapy of two different powders having different sizes with the same settings. The particle sizes were sodium bicarbonate (40 µm) and erythritol (14µm). The surface characteristics of the dental implants in three groups were studied from a digital camera and under the scanning electron microscope at different magnifications. The comparison of biofilm-removal efficacy between the three groups was performed by using a one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Dunnett's T3 test. A p-value less than 0.05 was chosen to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) between the two powder-treated groups for the biofilm cleaning efficacy. However, both groups showed significantly better biofilm-cleaning efficacy than the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This suggests that both powders are effective in removing biofilm from the implant surface under ideal conditions. However, there was no clear distinction between the cleaning potential of the two powders, as both performed in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patr Pujarern
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthit Klaophimai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Amornsettachai
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Woraphong Panyayong
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Suphachai Suphangul
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhu FD, Fu X, Ye HC, Ding HX, Gu LS, Zhang J, Guo YX, Feng G. Antibacterial activities of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid against Acidovorax citrulli. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1207125. [PMID: 37799610 PMCID: PMC10547900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (3-CCA), previously screened from natural coumarins, was found to possess strong antibacterial activity against Acidovorax citrulli (Ac). In order to further evaluate the activity of this compound against plant bacterial pathogens and explore its potential value as a bactericidal lead compound, the activity of 3-CCA against 14 plant pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo was tested. Results showed that 3-CCA exhibited strong in vitro activities against Ac, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, X. oryzae pv. oryzae, and Dickeya zeae with EC50 values ranging from 26.64 μg/mL to 40.73 μg/mL. Pot experiment results showed that 3-CCA had powerful protective and curative effects against Ac. In addition, the protective efficiency of 3-CCA was almost equivalent to that of thiodiazole copper at the same concentration. The results of SEM and TEM observation and conductivity tests showed that 3-CCA disrupted the integrity of the cell membrane and inhibited polar flagella growth. Furthermore, 3-CCA resulted in reductions in motility and extracellular exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of Ac while inhibiting the biofilm formation of Ac. These findings indicate that 3-CCA could be a promising natural lead compound against plant bacterial pathogens to explore novel antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Di Zhu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Huo-Chun Ye
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, China
| | - Hai-Xin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liu-Shuang Gu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, China
| | - Yong-Xia Guo
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Invasive Alien Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou, China
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Ham Y, Kim TJ. Synergistic inhibitory activity of Glycyrrhizae Radix and Rubi Fructus extracts on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:22. [PMID: 36709283 PMCID: PMC9883881 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium that causes oral diseases. Plaque, a biofilm produced by S. mutans and other bacteria, makes it difficult to remove cariogenic oral microorganisms, including biofilm producers. Glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase is one of the mechanisms underlying plaque formation. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of inhibiting biofilm formation by interfering with the glucosyltransferase activity of S. mutans using edible herbal medicines. METHODS This study investigated the inhibitory activity of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract, Rubi Fructus extract, glycyrrhizin from Glycyrrhizae Radix, and ellagic acid from Rubi Fructus against glucosyltransferase activity of S. mutans. Enzyme kinetic analysis identified the mechanism by which glycyrrhizin and ellagic acid inhibit enzyme activity. RESULTS The conditions for synergistically inhibiting biofilm formation by combining Glycyrrhizae Radix and Rubi Fructus extracts were identified. Biofilm formation was also synergistically inhibited by mixing their respective active constituents, glycyrrhizin and ellagic acid. Glycyrrhizin and ellagic acid inhibited glucosyltransferase via noncompetitive and uncompetitive mechanisms, respectively, indicating that they inhibit it via distinct mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an effective oral hygiene method using the synergistic activity of two natural plant extracts to inhibit biofilm formation through different inhibitory mechanisms against glucosyltransferase of S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Ham
- grid.91443.3b0000 0001 0788 9816Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- grid.91443.3b0000 0001 0788 9816Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
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Uddin Mahamud AGMS, Nahar S, Ashrafudoulla M, Park SH, Ha SD. Insights into antibiofilm mechanisms of phytochemicals: Prospects in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1736-1763. [PMID: 36066482 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recalcitrance of microbial aggregation or biofilm in the food industry underpins the emerging antimicrobial resistance among foodborne pathogens, exacerbating the phenomena of food spoilage, processing and safety management failure, and the prevalence of foodborne illnesses. The challenges of growing tolerance to current chemical and disinfectant-based antibiofilm strategies have driven the urgency in finding a less vulnerable to bacterial resistance, effective alternative antibiofilm agent. To address these issues, various novel strategies are suggested in current days to combat bacterial biofilm. Among the innovative approaches, phytochemicals have already demonstrated their excellent performance in preventing biofilm formation and bactericidal actions against resident bacteria within biofilms. However, the diverse group of phytochemicals and their different modes of action become a barrier to applying them against specific pathogenic biofilm-formers. This phenomenon mandates the need to elucidate the multi-mechanistic actions of phytochemicals to design an effective novel antibiofilm strategy. Therefore, this review critically illustrates the structure - activity relationship, functional sites of actions, and target molecules of diverse phytochemicals regarding multiple major antibiofilm mechanisms and reversal mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. The implementation of the in-depth knowledge will hopefully aid future studies for developing phytochemical-based next-generation antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G M Sofi Uddin Mahamud
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Harrison ZL, Pace LR, Brown MN, Beenken KE, Smeltzer MS, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO, Jennings JA. Staphylococcal infection prevention using antibiotic-loaded mannitol-chitosan paste in a rabbit model of implant-associated osteomyelitis. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2455-2464. [PMID: 33470467 PMCID: PMC8289950 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-loaded chitosan pastes have shown advantages in the treatment and coverage of complex musculoskeletal defects. We added mannitol, previously shown to increase antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm, to an injectable chitosan/polyethylene glycol paste for delivery of antibiotics. Ground sponges (0.85% acetic acid solution, 1% chitosan, 0% or 2% mannitol, 1% polyethylene glycol) were hydrated using phosphate-buffered saline with 10 mg/ml amikacin and 10 mg/ml vancomycin added to form pastes. We inoculated rabbit radial defects with 105 colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus (UAMS-1) and inserted titanium pins into the cortical bone. Groups compared included mannitol blend pastes, non-mannitol blends, antibiotic-loaded bone cement, vancomycin powder, and no treatment controls. We harvested tissue samples and retrieved the pins retrieved at 3 weeks. All antibiotic-loaded groups lowered bacterial growth and colony-forming unit counts in soft and bone tissue and on titanium pins in in vivo studies. The results indicate this biomaterial is capable of eluting active antibiotics at concentrations that reduce bacterial growth on biomaterials and tissue, which, in turn, may prevent biofilm formation. Blends of chitosan and mannitol may be useful in prevention and treatment of osteomyelitis and implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L. Harrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leslie R. Pace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Madison N. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Karen E. Beenken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mark S. Smeltzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Joel D. Bumgardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Warren O. Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J. Amber Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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Jiang Y, Tian M, Wang Y, Xu W, Guo X. Effect of sulfobetaine surfactant on the activities of bromelain and polyphenoloxidase. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hasegawa T, Takenaka S, Oda M, Domon H, Hiyoshi T, Sasagawa K, Ohsumi T, Hayashi N, Okamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Ohshima H, Terao Y, Noiri Y. Sulfated vizantin causes detachment of biofilms composed mainly of the genus Streptococcus without affecting bacterial growth and viability. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:361. [PMID: 33238885 PMCID: PMC7687742 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfated vizantin, a recently developed immunostimulant, has also been found to exert antibiofilm properties. It acts not as a bactericide, but as a detachment-promoting agent by reducing the biofilm structural stability. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying this activity and its species specificity using two distinct ex vivo oral biofilm models derived from human saliva. RESULTS The biofilm, composed mainly of the genus Streptococcus and containing 50 μM of sulfated vizantin, detached significantly from its basal surface with rotation at 500 rpm for only 15 s, even when 0.2% sucrose was supplied. Expression analyses for genes associated with biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion following identification of the Streptococcus species, revealed that a variety of Streptococcus species in a cariogenic biofilm showed downregulation of genes encoding glucosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of water-soluble glucan. The expression of some genes encoding surface proteins was also downregulated. Of the two quorum sensing systems involved in the genus Streptococcus, the expression of luxS in three species, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus mutans, was significantly downregulated in the presence of 50 μM sulfated vizantin. Biofilm detachment may be facilitated by the reduced structural stability due to these modulations. As a non-specific reaction, 50 μM sulfated vizantin decreased cell surface hydrophobicity by binding to the cell surface, resulting in reduced bacterial adherence. CONCLUSION Sulfated vizantin may be a candidate for a new antibiofilm strategy targeting the biofilm matrix while preserving the resident microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Masataka Oda
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Karin Sasagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohsumi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
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An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2020; 2020:8848606. [PMID: 33225299 PMCID: PMC7669338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8848606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ESKAPE pathogens, namely, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, are responsible for a majority of all healthcare-acquired infections (HAI). The bacteria cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Extracts from Callistemon viminalis have been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. Tormentic acid congener, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin, was isolated from C. viminalis leaves. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of tormentic acid congener and leaf extracts on biofilm formation by A. baumannii, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial effects were determined by the microbroth dilution method, and ciprofloxacin was used as the standard antibacterial drug. Biofilm formation and detachment assays were performed using crystal violet staining. Production of extracellular polymeric DNA and polysaccharides from biofilms was also determined. Tormentic acid congener showed time-dependent antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with a MIC of 100 µg/ml and caused significant protein leakage. Antibacterial activity was found when tormentic acid congener was tested against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The MICs were found to be 25 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells, respectively. S. pyogenes was found to be susceptible to tormentic acid congener and the hydroethanolic extract with an MIC of 100 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml, respectively. A. baumannii was found not to be susceptible to the compound or the extracts. The compound and the extracts caused a significant decrease in the biofilm extracellular polysaccharide content of S. pyogenes. The extracts and tormentic acid congener caused detachment of biofilms and decreased the release of extracellular DNA and capsular polysaccharides from biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Tormentic acid congener and extracts, thus, have significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on these selected ESKAPE bacteria and can act as source lead compounds for the development of antibacterial triterpenoids.
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Farag MA, Shakour ZT, Lübken T, Frolov A, Wessjohann LA, Mahrous E. Unraveling the metabolome composition and its implication for Salvadora persica L. use as dental brush via a multiplex approach of NMR and LC-MS metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113727. [PMID: 33197832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Salvadora persica L. (toothbrush tree, Miswak) is well recognized in most Middle Eastern and African countries for its potential role in dental care, albeit the underlying mechanism for its effectiveness is still not fully understood. A comparative MS and NMR metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the major primary and secondary metabolites composition of S. persica in context of its organ type viz., root or stem to rationalize for its use as a tooth brush. NMR metabolomics revealed its enrichment in nitrogenous compounds including proline-betaines i.e., 4-hydroxy-stachydrine and stachydrine reported for the first time in S. persica. LC/MS metabolomics identified flavonoids (8), benzylurea derivatives (5), butanediamides (3), phenolic acids (8) and 5 sulfur compounds, with 21 constituents reported for the first time in S. persica. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of either NMR or LC/MS dataset clearly separated stem from root specimens based on nitrogenous compounds abundance in roots and is justifying for its preference as toothbrush versus stems. The presence of betaines at high levels in S. persica (9-12 μg/mg dry weight) offers novel insights into its functioning as an osmoprotectant that maintains the hydration of oral mucosa. Additionally, the previously described anti-inflammatory activity of stachydrine along with the antimicrobial effects of sulfonated flavonoids, benzylisothiocynate and ellagic acid derivatives are likely contributors to S. persica oral hygiene health benefits. Among root samples, variation in sugars and organic acids levels were the main discriminatory criterion. This study provides the first standardization of S. persica extract using qNMR for further inclusion in nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab T Shakour
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tilo Lübken
- Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 06120 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Engy Mahrous
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Loimaranta V, Mazurel D, Deng D, Söderling E. Xylitol and erythritol inhibit real-time biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:184. [PMID: 32600259 PMCID: PMC7325245 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular consumption of xylitol decreases the number of cariogenic streptococci in dental plaque. In vitro biofilm models to study the mechanism of xylitol action have been set-up, but the obtained results are contradictory. Biofilm growth is a dynamic process with time-specific characteristics that may remain undetected in conventional end-point biofilm tests. In this study we used an impedance spectroscopy instrument, xCELLigence Real Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA), that allows label-free, non-invasive real-time monitoring of biofilm formation, to explore effects of xylitol on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. Based on the obtained information of biofilm dynamics, we assessed the number of viable bacteria, the polysaccharide content, and the expression levels of selected genes involved in glucan-mediated biofilm formation in different biofilm stages. Xylitol inhibition was compared with that of erythritol; another polyol suggested to have a positive impact on oral health. Results Our results showed that real-time monitoring provided new information of polyol-induced changes in S. mutans biofilm formation dynamics. The inhibitory effect of polyols was more pronounced in the early stages of biofilm formation but affected also the measured total amount of formed biofilm. Effects seen in the real-time biofilm assay were only partially explained by changes in CFU values and polysaccharide amounts in the biofilms. Both xylitol and erythritol inhibited real-time biofilm formation by all the nine tested S. mutans strains. Sensitivity of the strains to inhibition varied: some were more sensitive to xylitol and some to erythritol. Xylitol also modified the expression levels of gbpB, gtfB, gtfC and gtfD genes that are important in polysaccharide-mediated adherence of S. mutans. Conclusion The erythritol- and xylitol- induced inhibition of biofilm formation was only partly explained by decrease in the number of viable S. mutans cells or the amount of polysaccharides in the biofilm matrix, suggesting that in addition to reduced proliferation also the matrix composition and thereby the surface attachment quality of biofilm matrix may be altered by the polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuokko Loimaranta
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Danuta Mazurel
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eva Söderling
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
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12
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Septiana S, Bachtiar BM, Yuliana ND, Wijaya CH. Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro. F1000Res 2020; 8:1923. [PMID: 32528653 PMCID: PMC7269370 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20700.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes
the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to
maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida
albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial
step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed
several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to
interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study
aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual
cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm
comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was
assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay,
colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and
qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly
reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed
this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C.
albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S.
mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the
transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by
C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR
results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans
yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan
production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed
the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom
oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition
capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to
maintain the yeast form of C. albicans and to inhibit
extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans.
Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively
by the CC tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siska Septiana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Boy Muchlis Bachtiar
- Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
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Kang P, Li L, Yan L, Ju X, Hu C, Yao X. Enhancement of erythritol production in Trichosporonoides oedocephalis by regulating cellular morphology with betaine. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Kawakita ERH, Ré ACS, Peixoto MPG, Ferreira MP, Ricomini-Filho AP, Freitas O, Aires CP. Effect of Chitosan Dispersion and Microparticles on Older Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091808. [PMID: 31083306 PMCID: PMC6540070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The effectiveness of chitosan to improve the action of antimicrobial compounds against planktonic bacteria and young biofilms has been widely investigated in Dentistry, where the biofilm lifecycle is a determining factor for the success of antibacterial treatment. In the present study, mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms were treated with chitosan dispersion (CD) or chitosan microparticles (CM). (2) Methods: CD at 0.25% and 1% were characterized by texture analysis, while CD at 2% was spray-dried to form CM, which were characterized with respect to particle size distribution, zeta potential, and morphology. After determining the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, S. mutans biofilms were grown on glass slides exposed 8×/day to 10% sucrose and 2×/day to CD or CM at 0.25% and 1%. Biofilm viability and acidogenicity were determined, using appropriate control groups for each experiment. (3) Results: CD had high viscosity and CM were spherical, with narrow size distribution and positive zeta potential. CM affected bacterial viability and acidogenicity in mature S. mutans biofilms more strongly than CD, especially at 1%. (4) Conclusions: Both chitosan forms exerted antimicrobial effect against mature S. mutans biofilms. CM at 1% can reduce bacterial viability and acidogenicity more effectively than CD at 1%, and thereby be more effective to control the growth of mature biofilms in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R H Kawakita
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina S Ré
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Paula G Peixoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maíra P Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antônio P Ricomini-Filho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Osvaldo Freitas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carolina P Aires
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Goc A, Sumera W, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. 10-undecynoic acid is a new anti-adherent agent killing biofilm of oral Streptococcus spp. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214763. [PMID: 30998699 PMCID: PMC6472753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for novel agents against oral pathogens in their planktonic and biofilm form, we have focused our attention on 10-undecynoic acid as the representative of the acetylenic fatty acids. Using macro-broth susceptibility testing method we first established MIC value. Next, the MBC value was determined from a broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration test by sub-culturing it to BHI agar plates that did not contain the test agent. Anti-biofilm efficacy was tested in 96-well plates coated with saliva using BHI broth supplemented with 1% sucrose as a standard approach. Based on obtained results, MIC value for 10-undecynoic acid was established to be 2.5 mg/ml and the MBC value to be 5 mg/ml. The MBIC90 showed to be 2.5 mg/ml, however completed inhibition of biofilm formation was achieved at 5.0 mg/ml. MBBC concentration revealed to be the same as MBC value, causing approximately 30% reduction at the same time in biomass of pre-existing biofilm, whereas application of 7.0 mg/ml of 10-undecynoic acid crossed the 50% eradication mark. Strong anti-adherent effect was observed upon 10-undecynoic acid application at sub-MBC concentrations as well, complemented with suppression of acidogenicity and aciduricity. Thus, we concluded that 10-undecynoic acid might play an important role in the development of alternative or adjunctive antibacterial and anti-biofilm preventive and/or therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AG); (AN)
| | - Waldemar Sumera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AG); (AN)
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
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16
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Lim JH, Jeong Y, Song SH, Ahn JH, Lee JR, Lee SM. Penetration of an antimicrobial zinc-sugar alcohol complex into Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16154. [PMID: 30385826 PMCID: PMC6212478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents due to the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which inhibit the penetration of external molecules. In this study, we developed a coordination compound consisting of zinc chloride and erythritol that exhibits penetrating and bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. An in vitro biofilm model was established in microplates, and bactericidal activity against biofilms was evaluated using an Alamar blue assay. The cause of the antimicrobial activity of the zinc-erythritol mixture on mature biofilms was demonstrated using fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrated that zinc chloride spontaneously formed cationic complexes with erythritol in water. The zinc-erythritol complexes reduced intra- and inter-molecular interactions between bacterial exopolysaccharides, a major component of EPS. This activity was confirmed by measuring the attenuation of the hardness of dried polysaccharides isolated from S. mutans biofilms. The reduction in the interactions between polysaccharides allowed the complexes to penetrate into biofilms and kill the embedded bacteria. While approximately 13% of biofilm-associated microbes were killed by a 10 min treatment with 6.6 mM zinc chloride, 45% were killed when a solution containing 19.8 mM erythritol and 6.6 mM zinc chloride was used. This strategy of leveraging the coordination properties of metal ions with sugar alcohols provides a simple way to effectively remove mature biofilms using only conventional substances without the need for intricate chemical synthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Lim
- Magok R&D Center, LG Household & Health Care, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongbeom Jeong
- Magok R&D Center, LG Household & Health Care, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Song
- Magok R&D Center, LG Household & Health Care, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Ahn
- Magok R&D Center, LG Household & Health Care, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Rae Lee
- Magok R&D Center, LG Household & Health Care, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Magok R&D Center, LG Household & Health Care, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
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17
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Liu H, Mukherjee S, Liu Y, Ramakrishna S. Recent studies on electrospinning preparation of patterned, core-shell, and aligned scaffolds. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shayanti Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
- The Ritchie Centre; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Australia
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofiber and Nanotechnology; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576 Singapore
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