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Ganguly S, Sengupta J. Graphene-based nanotechnology in the Internet of Things: a mini review. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:110. [PMID: 38954113 PMCID: PMC11219675 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Graphene, a 2D nanomaterial, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its exceptional properties, offering immense potential for revolutionizing various technological applications. In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), which demands seamless connectivity and efficient data processing, graphene's unique attributes have positioned it as a promising candidate to prevail over challenges and optimize IoT systems. This review paper aims to provide a brief sketch of the diverse applications of graphene in IoT, highlighting its contributions to sensors, communication systems, and energy storage devices. Additionally, it discusses potential challenges and prospects for the integration of graphene in the rapidly evolving IoT landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Ganguly
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, Kolkata, 700150, India
| | - Joydip Sengupta
- Department of Electronic Science, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College, Kolkata, 700033, India.
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2
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Lavecchia di Tocco F, Botti V, Cannistraro S, Bizzarri AR. Detection of miR-155 Using Peptide Nucleic Acid at Physiological-like Conditions by Surface Plasmon Resonance and Bio-Field Effect Transistor. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38391998 PMCID: PMC10887097 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small ribonucleotides that act as key gene regulators. Their altered expression is often associated with the onset and progression of several human diseases, including cancer. Given their potential use as biomarkers, there is a need to find detection methods for microRNAs suitable for use in clinical setting. Field-effect-transistor-based biosensors (bioFETs) appear to be valid tools to detect microRNAs, since they may reliably quantitate the specific binding between the immobilized probe and free target in solution through an easily detectable electrical signal. We have investigated the detection of human microRNA 155 (miR-155) using an innovative capturing probe constituted by a synthetic peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which has the advantage to form a duplex even at ionic strengths approaching the physiological conditions. With the aim to develop an optimized BioFET setup, the interaction kinetics between miR-155 and the chosen PNA was preliminarily investigated by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). By exploiting both these results and our custom-made bioFET system, we were able to attain a low-cost, real-time, label-free and highly specific detection of miR-155 in the nano-molar range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Rita Bizzarri
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, DEB, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.L.d.T.); (V.B.); (S.C.)
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3
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Fu Y, Zhu J, Sun Y, Sun S, Tie K, Qi J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Ding S, Huang R, Gong Z, Huang Y, Chen X, Li L, Hu W. Oxygen-Induced Barrier Lowering for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37487031 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have the advantages of low-cost, large-area processing and could be utilized in a variety of emerging applications. However, the generally large contact resistance (Rc) limits the integration and miniaturization of OFETs. The Rc is difficult to reduce due to an incompatibility between obtaining strong orbit coupling and the barrier height reduction. In this study, we developed an oxygen-induced barrier lowering strategy by introducing oxygen (O2) into the nanointerface between the electrodes and organic semiconductors layer and achieved an ultralow channel width-normalized Rc (Rc·W) of 89.8 Ω·cm and a high mobility of 11.32 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work demonstrates that O2 adsorbed at the nanointerface of metal-semiconductor contact can significantly reduce the Rc from both experiments and theoretical simulations and provides guidance for the construction of high-performance OFETs, which is conducive to the integration and miniaturization of OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shougang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kai Tie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiannan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (NANO-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Zhongmiao Gong
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (NANO-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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4
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Feng X, Li P, Xiao M, Li T, Chen B, Wang X, Wang L. Recent advances in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins based on field-effect transistor biosensors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9161-9190. [PMID: 37171049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2208677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In food safety analysis, the detection and control of foodborne pathogens and their toxins are of great importance. Monitoring of virus transmission is equally important, especially in light of recent findings that coronaviruses have been detected in frozen foods and packages during the current global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019. In recent years, field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have attracted considerable scholarly attention for pathogenic microorganisms and toxins detection and sensing due to their rapid response time, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, high specificity, label-free detection, portability, and cost-effectiveness. FET-based biosensors can be modified with specific recognition elements, thus providing real-time qualitative and semiquantitative analysis. Furthermore, with advances in nanotechnology and device design, various high-performance nanomaterials are gradually applied in the detection of FET-based biosensors. In this article, we review specific detection in different biological recognition elements are immobilized on FET biosensors for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins, and we also discuss nonspecific detection by FET biosensors. In addition, there are still unresolved challenges in the development and application of FET biosensors for achieving efficient, multiplexed, in situ detection of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins. Therefore, directions for future FET biosensor research and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Feng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxian Li
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baiyan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Trinh KTL, Do HDK, Lee NY. Recent Advances in Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Platform for Virus Detection: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:490. [PMID: 37185566 PMCID: PMC10137144 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and a rising demand for the development of accurate, timely, and cost-effective diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viral infections in general. Currently, traditional virus screening methods such as plate culturing and real-time PCR are considered the gold standard with accurate and sensitive results. However, these methods still require sophisticated equipment, trained personnel, and a long analysis time. Alternatively, with the integration of microfluidic and biosensor technologies, microfluidic-based biosensors offer the ability to perform sample preparation and simultaneous detection of many analyses in one platform. High sensitivity, accuracy, portability, low cost, high throughput, and real-time detection can be achieved using a single platform. This review presents recent advances in microfluidic-based biosensors from many works to demonstrate the advantages of merging the two technologies for sensing viruses. Different platforms for virus detection are classified into two main sections: immunoassays and molecular assays. Moreover, available commercial sensing tests are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The Loan Trinh
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ward 13, District 04, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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6
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Alnaji N, Wasfi A, Awwad F. The design of a point of care FET biosensor to detect and screen COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4485. [PMID: 36934198 PMCID: PMC10024292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene field effect transistor (FET) biosensors have attracted huge attention in the point-of-care and accurate detection. With the recent spread of the new emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the need for rapid, and accurate detection & screening tools is arising. Employing these easy-to-handle sensors can offer cheap, rapid, and accurate detection. Herein, we propose the design of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) FET biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The main objective of this work is to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigen on spot selectively and rapidly. The sensor consists of rGO channel, a pair of golden electrodes, and a gate underneath the channel. The channel is functionalized with COVID-19 spike protein antibodies to achieve selectivity, and with metal nanoparticles (MNPs) such as copper and silver to enhance the bio-sensing performance. The designed sensor successfully detects the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and shows singular electrical behavior for detection. The semi-empirical modeling approach combined with none-equilibrium Green's function were used to study the electronic transport properties of the rGO-FET biosensor before and after the addition of the target molecules. The sensor's selectivity is also tested against other viruses. This study provides a promising guide for future practical fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Alnaji
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Wasfi
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falah Awwad
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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7
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Rungreungthanapol T, Homma C, Akagi KI, Tanaka M, Kikuchi J, Tomizawa H, Sugizaki Y, Isobayashi A, Hayamizu Y, Okochi M. Volatile Organic Compound Detection by Graphene Field-Effect Transistors Functionalized with Fly Olfactory Receptor Mimetic Peptides. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4556-4563. [PMID: 36802525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
An olfactory receptor mimetic peptide-modified graphene field-effect transistor (gFET) is a promising solution to overcome the principal challenge of low specificity graphene-based sensors for volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing. Herein, peptides mimicking a fruit fly olfactory receptor, OR19a, were designed by a high-throughput analysis method that combines a peptide array and gas chromatography for the sensitive and selective gFET detection of the signature citrus VOC, limonene. The peptide probe was bifunctionalized via linkage of a graphene-binding peptide to facilitate one-step self-assembly on the sensor surface. The limonene-specific peptide probe successfully achieved highly sensitive and selective detection of limonene by gFET, with a detection range of 8-1000 pM, while achieving facile sensor functionalization. Taken together, our target-specific peptide selection and functionalization strategy of a gFET sensor demonstrates advancement of a precise VOC detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharatorn Rungreungthanapol
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Chishu Homma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Akagi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tomizawa
- Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-8583, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugizaki
- Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-8583, Japan
| | - Atsunobu Isobayashi
- Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai-Toshiba-Cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 212-8583, Japan
| | - Yuhei Hayamizu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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8
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Banerjee S, Hemmat MA, Shubham S, Gosai A, Devarakonda S, Jiang N, Geekiyanage C, Dillard JA, Maury W, Shrotriya P, Lamm MH, Nilsen-Hamilton M. Structurally Different Yet Functionally Similar: Aptamers Specific for the Ebola Virus Soluble Glycoprotein and GP1,2 and Their Application in Electrochemical Sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4627. [PMID: 36902059 PMCID: PMC10003157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) gene templates several mRNAs that produce either the virion-associated transmembrane protein or one of two secreted glycoproteins. Soluble glycoprotein (sGP) is the predominant product. GP1 and sGP share an amino terminal sequence of 295 amino acids but differ in quaternary structure, with GP1 being a heterohexamer with GP2 and sGP a homodimer. Two structurally different DNA aptamers were selected against sGP that also bound GP1,2. These DNA aptamers were compared with a 2'FY-RNA aptamer for their interactions with the Ebola GP gene products. The three aptamers have almost identical binding isotherms for sGP and GP1,2 in solution and on the virion. They demonstrated high affinity and selectivity for sGP and GP1,2. Furthermore, one aptamer, used as a sensing element in an electrochemical format, detected GP1,2 on pseudotyped virions and sGP with high sensitivity in the presence of serum, including from an Ebola-virus-infected monkey. Our results suggest that the aptamers interact with sGP across the interface between the monomers, which is different from the sites on the protein bound by most antibodies. The remarkable similarity in functional features of three structurally distinct aptamers suggests that aptamers, like antibodies, have preferred binding sites on proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Banerjee
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mahsa Askary Hemmat
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Shambhavi Shubham
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Agnivo Gosai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Nianyu Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Jacob A. Dillard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Wendy Maury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 50011, USA
| | - Pranav Shrotriya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Monica H. Lamm
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marit Nilsen-Hamilton
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA
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9
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Krishnan SK, Nataraj N, Meyyappan M, Pal U. Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistors in Biosensing and Neural Interfacing Applications: Recent Advances and Prospects. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2590-2622. [PMID: 36693046 PMCID: PMC11386440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Krishnan
- CONACYT-Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla72570, Mexico
| | - Nandini Nataraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - M Meyyappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati781039, Assam, India
| | - Umapada Pal
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla72570, Mexico
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10
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Patel SK, Surve J, Parmar J, Ahmed K, Bui FM, Al-Zahrani FA. Recent Advances in Biosensors for Detection of COVID-19 and Other Viruses. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 16:22-37. [PMID: 36197867 PMCID: PMC10009816 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2022.3212038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This century has introduced very deadly, dangerous, and infectious diseases to humankind such as the influenza virus, Ebola virus, Zika virus, and the most infectious SARS-CoV-2 commonly known as COVID-19 and have caused epidemics and pandemics across the globe. For some of these diseases, proper medications, and vaccinations are missing and the early detection of these viruses will be critical to saving the patients. And even the vaccines are available for COVID-19, the new variants of COVID-19 such as Delta, and Omicron are spreading at large. The available virus detection techniques take a long time, are costly, and complex and some of them generates false negative or false positive that might cost patients their lives. The biosensor technique is one of the best qualified to address this difficult challenge. In this systematic review, we have summarized recent advancements in biosensor-based detection of these pandemic viruses including COVID-19. Biosensors are emerging as efficient and economical analytical diagnostic instruments for early-stage illness detection. They are highly suitable for applications related to healthcare, wearable electronics, safety, environment, military, and agriculture. We strongly believe that these insights will aid in the study and development of a new generation of adaptable virus biosensors for fellow researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit K. Patel
- Department of Computer EngineeringMarwadi UniversityRajkot360003India
| | - Jaymit Surve
- Department of Electrical EngineeringMarwadi UniversityRajkot360003India
| | - Juveriya Parmar
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska - LincolnNebraska68588USA
- Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringMarwadi UniversityRajkot360003India
| | - Kawsar Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKS79 5A9Canada
- Group of Bio-PhotomatiX, Department of Information and Communication TechnologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversitySantoshTangail1902Bangladesh
| | - Francis M. Bui
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKS79 5A9Canada
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11
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Khalid A, Yi W, Yoo S, Abbas S, Si J, Hou X, Hou J. Single-chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through chromatography and its potential biological applications. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04056e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gel chromatography is used to separate single-chirality and selective-diameter SWCNTs. We also explore the use of photothermal therapy and biosensor applications based on single-chirality, selected-diameter, and unique geometric shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khalid
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Wenhui Yi
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Sweejiang Yoo
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shakeel Abbas
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Si
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
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12
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Ultrasensitive rapid cytokine sensors based on asymmetric geometry two-dimensional MoS 2 diodes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7593. [PMID: 36535944 PMCID: PMC9763493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevation of cytokine levels in body fluids has been associated with numerous health conditions. The detection of these cytokine biomarkers at low concentrations may help clinicians diagnose diseases at an early stage. Here, we report an asymmetric geometry MoS2 diode-based biosensor for rapid, label-free, highly sensitive, and specific detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine. This sensor is functionalized with TNF-α binding aptamers to detect TNF-α at concentrations as low as 10 fM, well below the typical concentrations found in healthy blood. Interactions between aptamers and TNF-α at the sensor surface induce a change in surface energy that alters the current-voltage rectification behavior of the MoS2 diode, which can be read out using a two-electrode configuration. The key advantages of this diode sensor are the simple fabrication process and electrical readout, and therefore, the potential to be applied in a rapid and easy-to-use, point-of-care, diagnostic tool.
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13
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Wasfi A, Awwad F, Qamhieh N, Al Murshidi B, Palakkott AR, Gelovani JG. Real-time COVID-19 detection via graphite oxide-based field-effect transistor biosensors decorated with Pt/Pd nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18155. [PMID: 36307495 PMCID: PMC9614753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) spreads an extremely infectious disease where there is no specific treatment. COVID-19 virus had a rapid and unexpected spread rate which resulted in critical difficulties for public health and unprecedented daily life disruption. Thus, accurate, rapid, and early diagnosis of COVID-19 virus is critical to maintain public health safety. A graphite oxide-based field-effect transistor (GO-FET) was fabricated and functionalized with COVID-19 antibody for the purpose of real-time detection of COVID-19 spike protein antigen. Thermal evaporation process was used to deposit the gold electrodes on the surface of the sensor substrate. Graphite oxide channel was placed between the gold electrodes. Bimetallic nanoparticles of platinum and palladium were generated via an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible system by sputtering and inert-gas condensation technique. The biosensor graphite oxide channel was immobilized with specific antibodies against the COVID-19 spike protein to achieve selectivity and specificity. This technique uses the attractive semiconductor characteristics of the graphite oxide-based materials resulting in highly specific and sensitive detection of COVID-19 spike protein. The GO-FET biosensor was decorated with bimetallic nanoparticles of platinum and palladium to investigate the improvement in the sensor sensitivity. The in-house developed biosensor limit of detection (LOD) is 1 fg/mL of COVID-19 spike antigen in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Moreover, magnetic labelled SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody were studied to investigate any enhancement in the sensor performance. The results indicate the successful fabrication of a promising field effect transistor biosensor for COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Wasfi
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falah Awwad
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Naser Qamhieh
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Badria Al Murshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Rasheed Palakkott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juri George Gelovani
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Petrosyants KO, Silkin DS, Popov DA. Comparative Characterization of NWFET and FinFET Transistor Structures Using TCAD Modeling. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1293. [PMID: 36014213 PMCID: PMC9412458 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A complete comparison for 14 nm FinFET and NWFET with stacked nanowires was carried out. The electrical and thermal performances in two device structures were analyzed based on TCAD simulation results. The electro-thermal TCAD models were calibrated to data measured on 30-7 nm FinFETs and NWFETs. The full set of output electrical device parameters Ion, Ioff, SS, Vth, and maximal device temperature Tmax was discussed to achieve the optimum VLSI characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin O. Petrosyants
- School of Electronic Engineering, HSE University, 34 Tallinskaya St., 123458 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Prospekt 60-Letiya Oktyabrya, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis S. Silkin
- School of Electronic Engineering, HSE University, 34 Tallinskaya St., 123458 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Popov
- School of Computer Engineering, HSE University, 34 Tallinskaya St., 123458 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Xu L, Ramadan S, Rosa BG, Zhang Y, Yin T, Torres E, Shaforost O, Panagiotopoulos A, Li B, Kerherve G, Kim DK, Mattevi C, Jiao LR, Petrov PK, Klein N. On-chip integrated graphene aptasensor with portable readout for fast and label-free COVID-19 detection in virus transport medium. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2022; 1:719-730. [PMID: 35923775 PMCID: PMC9280445 DOI: 10.1039/d2sd00076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors exhibit high sensitivity due to a large surface-to-volume ratio and the high sensitivity of the Fermi level to the presence of charged biomolecules near the surface. For most reported GFET biosensors, bulky external reference electrodes are used which prevent their full-scale chip integration and contribute to higher costs per test. In this study, GFET arrays with on-chip integrated liquid electrodes were employed for COVID-19 detection and functionalized with either antibody or aptamer to selectively bind the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. In the case of the aptamer-functionalized GFET (aptasensor, Apt-GFET), the limit-of-detection (LOD) achieved was about 103 particles per mL for virus-like particles (VLPs) in clinical transport medium, outperforming the Ab-GFET biosensor counterpart. In addition, the aptasensor achieved a LOD of 160 aM for COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies in serum. The sensors were found to be highly selective, fast (sample-to-result within minutes), and stable (low device-to-device signal variation; relative standard deviations below 0.5%). A home-built portable readout electronic unit was employed for simultaneous real-time measurements of 12 GFETs per chip. Our successful demonstration of a portable GFET biosensing platform has high potential for infectious disease detection and other health-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhou Xu
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou311200China
| | - Sami Ramadan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Yuanzhou Zhang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Tianyi Yin
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Elias Torres
- Graphenea SemiconductorPaseo Mikeletegi 83San Sebastián20009Spain
| | - Olena Shaforost
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Bing Li
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK,Care Research & Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research InstituteW12 0BZUK,Institute for Materials Discovery, University College LondonRoberts BuildingLondonWC1E 7JEUK
| | | | - Dong Kuk Kim
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Cecilia Mattevi
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Long R. Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Division of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College LondonHammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Peter K. Petrov
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Norbert Klein
- Department of Materials, Imperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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16
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A Review on Potential Electrochemical Point-of-Care Tests Targeting Pandemic Infectious Disease Detection: COVID-19 as a Reference. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fast and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) of infectious diseases is crucial for diminishing the pandemic miseries. To fight the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), numerous interesting electrochemical point-of-care (POC) tests have been evolved to rapidly identify the causal organism SARS-CoV-2 virus, its nucleic acid and antigens, and antibodies of the patients. Many of those electrochemical biosensors are impressive in terms of miniaturization, mass production, ease of use, and speed of test, and they could be recommended for future applications in pandemic-like circumstances. On the other hand, self-diagnosis, sensitivity, specificity, surface chemistry, electrochemical components, device configuration, portability, small analyzers, and other features of the tests can yet be improved. Therefore, this report reviews the developmental trend of electrochemical POC tests (i.e., test platforms and features) reported for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 and correlates any significant advancements with relevant references. POCTs incorporating microfluidic/plastic chips, paper devices, nanomaterial-aided platforms, smartphone integration, self-diagnosis, and epidemiological reporting attributes are also surfed to help with future pandemic preparedness. This review especially screens the low-cost and easily affordable setups so that management of pandemic disease becomes faster and easier. Overall, the review is a wide-ranging package for finding appropriate strategies of electrochemical POCT targeting pandemic infectious disease detection.
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17
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Kumar S, Sharma R, Bhawna, Gupta A, Singh P, Kalia S, Thakur P, Kumar V. Prospects of Biosensors Based on Functionalized and Nanostructured Solitary Materials: Detection of Viral Infections and Other Risks. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22073-22088. [PMID: 35811879 PMCID: PMC9260923 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology over the past decade have emerged as a substitute for conventional therapies and have facilitated the development of economically viable biosensors. Next-generation biosensors can play a significant role in curbing the spread of various viruses, including HCoV-2, and controlling morbidity and mortality. Pertaining to the impact of the current pandemic, there is a need for point-of-care biosensor-based testing as a detection method to accelerate the detection process. Integrating biosensors with nanostructures could be a substitute for ultrasensitive label-free biosensors to amplify sensing and miniaturization. Notably, next-generation biosensors could expedite the detection process. An elaborate description of various types of functionalized nanomaterials and their synthetic aspects is presented. The utility of the functionalized nanostructured materials for fabricating nanobiosensors to detect several types of viral infections is described in this review. This review also discusses the choice of appropriate nanomaterials, as well as challenges and opportunities in the field of nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University
of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Bhawna
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Akanksha Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Susheel Kalia
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Pankaj Thakur
- Special
Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Special
Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067, India
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18
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Kissmann AK, Andersson J, Bozdogan A, Amann V, Krämer M, Xing H, Raber HF, Kubiczek DH, Aspermair P, Knoll W, Rosenau F. Polyclonal aptamer libraries as binding entities on a graphene FET based biosensor for the discrimination of apo- and holo-retinol binding protein 4. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:770-778. [PMID: 35695183 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00605c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide DNA aptamers represent an emergently important class of binding entities towards as different analytes as small molecules or even whole cells. Without requiring the canonical isolation of individual aptamers following the SELEX process, the focused polyclonal libraries prepared by this in vitro evolution and selection can directly be used to label their dedicated targets and to serve as binding molecules on surfaces. Here we report the first instance of a sensor able to discriminate between loaded and unloaded retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), an important biomarker for the prediction of diabetes and kidney disease. The sensor relies on two aptamer libraries tuned such that they discriminate between the protein isoforms, requiring no further sample labelling to detect RBP4 in both states. The evolution, binding properties of the libraries and the functionalization of graphene FET sensor chips are presented as well as the functionality of the resulting biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Kissmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jakob Andersson
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anil Bozdogan
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
- CEST Kompetenzzentrum für Elektrochemische Oberflächentechnologie GmbH, Viktor Kaplan Straße 2, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Valerie Amann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Markus Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Hu Xing
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Heinz Fabian Raber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dennis H Kubiczek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Patrik Aspermair
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
- Danube Private University, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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19
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Asghar R, Rasheed M, ul Hassan J, Rafique M, Khan M, Deng Y. Advancements in Testing Strategies for COVID-19. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:410. [PMID: 35735558 PMCID: PMC9220779 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, also known as the disease-causing agent for COVID-19, is a virulent pathogen that may infect people and certain animals. The global spread of COVID-19 and its emerging variation necessitates the development of rapid, reliable, simple, and low-cost diagnostic tools. Many methodologies and devices have been developed for the highly sensitive, selective, cost-effective, and rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. This review organizes the diagnosis platforms into four groups: imaging, molecular-based detection, serological testing, and biosensors. Each platform's principle, advancement, utilization, and challenges for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in detail. In addition, an overview of the impact of variants on detection, commercially available kits, and readout signal analysis has been presented. This review will expand our understanding of developing advanced diagnostic approaches to evolve into susceptible, precise, and reproducible technologies to combat any future outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Asghar
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Madiha Rasheed
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Jalees ul Hassan
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-UVAS, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohsin Rafique
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
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20
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Dai C, Liu Y, Wei D. Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistor Sensors: The Road toward Commercialization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10319-10392. [PMID: 35412802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary success in information technology has been sustained by the rapid growth of sensor technology. Recently, advances in sensor technology have promoted the ambitious requirement to build intelligent systems that can be controlled by external stimuli along with independent operation, adaptivity, and low energy expenditure. Among various sensing techniques, field-effect transistors (FETs) with channels made of two-dimensional (2D) materials attract increasing attention for advantages such as label-free detection, fast response, easy operation, and capability of integration. With atomic thickness, 2D materials restrict the carrier flow within the material surface and expose it directly to the external environment, leading to efficient signal acquisition and conversion. This review summarizes the latest advances of 2D-materials-based FET (2D FET) sensors in a comprehensive manner that contains the material, operating principles, fabrication technologies, proof-of-concept applications, and prototypes. First, a brief description of the background and fundamentals is provided. The subsequent contents summarize physical, chemical, and biological 2D FET sensors and their applications. Then, we highlight the challenges of their commercialization and discuss corresponding solution techniques. The following section presents a systematic survey of recent progress in developing commercial prototypes. Lastly, we summarize the long-standing efforts and prospective future development of 2D FET-based sensing systems toward commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Sadighbayan D, Minhas-Khan A, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Laser-Induced Graphene-Functionalized Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensing: A Potent Candidate for COVID-19 Detection. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2022; 21:232-245. [PMID: 34648455 PMCID: PMC9088816 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3119996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Speedy and on-time detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of high importance to control the pandemic effectively and stop its disastrous consequences. A widely available, reliable, label-free, and rapid test that can recognize tiny amounts of specific biomarkers might be the solution. Nanobiosensors are one of the most attractive candidates for this purpose. Integration of graphene with biosensing devices shifts the performance of these systems to an incomparable level. Between the various arrangements using this wonder material, field-effect transistors (FETs) display a precise detection even in complex samples. The emergence of pioneering biosensors for detecting a wide range of diseases especially COVID-19 created the incentive to prepare a review of the recent graphene-FET biosensing platforms. However, the graphene fabrication and transfer to the surface of the device is an imperative factor for researchers to take into account. Therefore, we also reviewed the common methods of manufacturing graphene for biosensing applications and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. One of the most recent synthesizing techniques - laser-induced graphene (LIG) - is attracting attention owing to its extraordinary benefits which are thoroughly explained in this article. Finally, a conclusion highlighting the current challenges is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sadighbayan
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA)York UniversityTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Aamir Minhas-Khan
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA)York UniversityTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA)York UniversityTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada
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22
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Wan Y, Zong C, Li X, Wang A, Li Y, Yang T, Bao Q, Dubow M, Yang M, Rodrigo LA, Mao C. New Insights for Biosensing: Lessons from Microbial Defense Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8126-8180. [PMID: 35234463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have gained defense systems during the lengthy process of evolution over millions of years. Such defense systems can protect them from being attacked by invading species (e.g., CRISPR-Cas for establishing adaptive immune systems and nanopore-forming toxins as virulence factors) or enable them to adapt to different conditions (e.g., gas vesicles for achieving buoyancy control). These microorganism defense systems (MDS) have inspired the development of biosensors that have received much attention in a wide range of fields including life science research, food safety, and medical diagnosis. This Review comprehensively analyzes biosensing platforms originating from MDS for sensing and imaging biological analytes. We first describe a basic overview of MDS and MDS-inspired biosensing platforms (e.g., CRISPR-Cas systems, nanopore-forming proteins, and gas vesicles), followed by a critical discussion of their functions and properties. We then discuss several transduction mechanisms (optical, acoustic, magnetic, and electrical) involved in MDS-inspired biosensing. We further detail the applications of the MDS-inspired biosensors to detect a variety of analytes (nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, pathogens, cells, small molecules, and metal ions). In the end, we propose the key challenges and future perspectives in seeking new and improved MDS tools that can potentially lead to breakthrough discoveries in developing a new generation of biosensors with a combination of low cost; high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision; and fast detection. Overall, this Review gives a historical review of MDS, elucidates the principles of emulating MDS to develop biosensors, and analyzes the recent advancements, current challenges, and future trends in this field. It provides a unique critical analysis of emulating MDS to develop robust biosensors and discusses the design of such biosensors using elements found in MDS, showing that emulating MDS is a promising approach to conceptually advancing the design of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Chengli Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall 303C, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Michael Dubow
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198 CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Campus C.N.R.S, Bâtiment 12, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mingying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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23
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Hashmi A, Nayak V, Singh KR, Jain B, Baid M, Alexis F, Singh AK. Potentialities of graphene and its allied derivatives to combat against SARS-CoV-2 infection. MATERIALS TODAY. ADVANCES 2022; 13:100208. [PMID: 35039802 PMCID: PMC8755454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional material with sp2 hybridization that has found its broad-spectrum potentialities in various domains like electronics, robotics, aeronautics, etc.; it has recently gained its utilities in the biomedical domain. The unique properties of graphene and its derivatives of graphene have helped them find their utilities in the biomedical domain. Additionally, the sudden outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has immensely expanded the research field, which has also benefitted graphene and its derivatives. Currently, the world is facing a global pandemic due to the sudden outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, from its major onset in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. Presently, many new variants and mutants appear, which is more harmful than previous strains. However, researchers and scientists are focused on understanding the target structure of coronavirus, mechanism, causes and transmission mode, treatment, and alternatives to cure these diseases in this critical pandemic situation; many findings are achieved, but much more is unknown and pending to be explored. This review paper is dedicated to exploring the utilities of graphene and its derivatives in combating the SARS-CoV-2 by highlighting their mechanism and applications in the fabrication of biosensors, personal protection equipment (PPE) kits, 3-D printing, and antiviral coatings. Further, the paper also covers the cytotoxicity caused by graphene and its derivatives and highlights the graphene-based derivatives market aspects in biomedical domains. Thus, graphene and graphene-derived materials are our new hope in this pandemic time, and this review helps acquire broad knowledge about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Vanya Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Bhawana Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Mitisha Baid
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Frank Alexis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 107910, Ecuador
| | - Ajaya Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
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A review on corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current progress, clinical features and bioanalytical diagnostic methods. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:103. [PMID: 35157153 PMCID: PMC8852957 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new epidemic of acute respiratory viral pneumonia was discovered in central China at the end of 2019. The disease was given the name coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus that caused this disease was known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). So far, diagnostic methods have been focused on (a) human antibody detection, (b) viral antigen detection and (c) viral gene detection, the latter using RT-PCR being the most accurate approach. In this paper, we present a summary of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical features and epidemiology and pathogenesis. Also, we focus on the recent advances in bioanalytical diagnostic methods based on various techniques for SARS-CoV-2 sensing that have recently been published (2020–2021). Furthermore, we present the mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of the most common biosensors for COVID-19 detection, which include optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors as well as wearable and smart nanobiosensors, immunosensors, aptasensors and genosensors.
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Wang W, Zhai W, Chen Y, He Q, Zhang H. Two-dimensional material-based virus detection. Sci China Chem 2022; 65:497-513. [PMID: 35035391 PMCID: PMC8742882 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cost-effective, rapid, and accurate virus detection technologies play key roles in reducing viral transmission. Prompt and accurate virus detection enables timely treatment and effective quarantine of virus carrier, and therefore effectively reduces the possibility of large-scale spread. However, conventional virus detection techniques often suffer from slow response, high cost or sophisticated procedures. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been used as promising sensing platforms for the high-performance detection of a variety of chemical and biological substances. The unique properties of 2D materials, such as large specific area, active surface interaction with biomolecules and facile surface functionalization, provide advantages in developing novel virus detection technologies with fast response and high sensitivity. Furthermore, 2D materials possess versatile and tunable electronic, electrochemical and optical properties, making them ideal platforms to demonstrate conceptual sensing techniques and explore complex sensing mechanisms in next-generation biosensors. In this review, we first briefly summarize the virus detection techniques with an emphasis on the current efforts in fighting again COVID-19. Then, we introduce the preparation methods and properties of 2D materials utilized in biosensors, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and other 2D materials. Furthermore, we discuss the working principles of various virus detection technologies based on emerging 2D materials, such as field-effect transistor-based virus detection, electrochemical virus detection, optical virus detection and other virus detection techniques. Then, we elaborate on the essential works in 2D material-based high-performance virus detection. Finally, our perspective on the challenges and future research direction in this field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057 China
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26
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Kulakova II, Lisichkin GV. Biosensors Based on Graphene Nanomaterials. MOSCOW UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY BULLETIN 2022; 77:307-321. [PMCID: PMC9488882 DOI: 10.3103/s0027131422060049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This review is devoted to the development, properties, and application of biosensors based on graphene nanomaterials. It is shown that such biosensors are characterized by their sensitivity, specificity of detection of analytes, high speed, and small size. Examples of the use of graphene biosensors for the detection of viruses, bacteria, markers of socially significant diseases, and various toxins are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. I. Kulakova
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - G. V. Lisichkin
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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27
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Chen M, Cui D, Zhao Z, Kang D, Li Z, Albawardi S, Alsageer S, Alamri F, Alhazmi A, Amer MR, Zhou C. Highly sensitive, scalable, and rapid SARS-CoV-2 biosensor based on In 2O 3 nanoribbon transistors and phosphatase. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:5510-5516. [PMID: 35371413 PMCID: PMC8959552 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Developing convenient and accurate SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and serology test is crucial in curbing the global COVID-19 pandemic. In this work, we report an improved indium oxide (In2O3) nanoribbon field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor platform detecting both SARS-CoV-2 antigen and antibody. Our FET biosensors, which were fabricated using a scalable and cost-efficient lithography-free process utilizing shadow masks, consist of an In2O3 channel and a newly developed stable enzyme reporter. During the biosensing process, the phosphatase enzymatic reaction generated pH change of the solution, which was then detected and converted to electrical signal by our In2O3 FETs. The biosensors applied phosphatase as enzyme reporter, which has a much better stability than the widely used urease in FET based biosensors. As proof-of-principle studies, we demonstrate the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer and universal transport medium (UTM) (limit of detection [LoD]: 100 fg/mL). Following the SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests, we developed and characterized additional sensors aimed at SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, which is important to trace past infection and vaccination. Our spike protein IgG antibody tests exhibit excellent detection limits in both PBS and human whole blood ((LoD): 1 pg/mL). Our biosensors display similar detection performance in different mediums, demonstrating that our biosensor approach is not limited by Debye screening from salts and can selectively detect biomarkers in physiological fluids. The newly selected enzyme for our platform performs much better performance and longer shelf life which will lead our biosensor platform to be capable for real clinical diagnosis usage. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (materials and methods for device fabrication, functionalization of In2O3 devices, photographs of the liquid gate measurement setup, mobilities of the nine devices labeled in Fig. 1(b), family curves of I DS-V DS with the liquid gate setup and current change after bubbling the substrate solution (current vs. time curve for S1 antigen detection)) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4190-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Chen
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
| | - Dingzhou Cui
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
| | - Di Kang
- eDNA Biotech, Pasadena, California 91107 USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
| | - Shahad Albawardi
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahla Alsageer
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alamri
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alhazmi
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moh. R. Amer
- Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5412 Boelter Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 USA
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28
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Szunerits S, Pagneux Q, Swaidan A, Mishyn V, Roussel A, Cambillau C, Devos D, Engelmann I, Alidjinou EK, Happy H, Boukherroub R. The role of the surface ligand on the performance of electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 antigen biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:103-113. [PMID: 33616686 PMCID: PMC7897554 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) technologies and testing programs hold great potential to significantly improve diagnosis and disease surveillance. POC tests have the intrinsic advantage of being able to be performed near the patient or treatment facility, owing to their portable character. With rapid results often in minutes, these diagnostic platforms have a high positive impact on disease management. POC tests are, in addition, advantageous in situations of a shortage of skilled personnel and restricted availability of laboratory-based analytics. While POC testing programs are widely considered in addressing health care challenges in low-income health systems, the ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections could largely benefit from fast, efficient, accurate, and cost-effective point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for limiting COVID-19 spreading. The unrestrained availability of SARS-CoV-2 POC tests is indeed one of the adequate means of better managing the COVID-19 outbreak. A large number of novel and innovative solutions to address this medical need have emerged over the last months. Here, we critically elaborate the role of the surface ligands in the design of biosensors to cope with the current viral outbreak situation. Their notable effect on electrical and electrochemical sensors' design will be discussed in some given examples. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Quentin Pagneux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Abir Swaidan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Vladyslav Mishyn
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain Roussel
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, CEDEX 20, 13020, Marseille, France
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus de Luminy, CEDEX 20, 13020, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, CEDEX 20, 13020, Marseille, France
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus de Luminy, CEDEX 20, 13020, Marseille, France
| | - David Devos
- Univ. Lille, CHU-Lille, Inserm, U1172, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LICEND, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Henri Happy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000, Lille, France
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Ebrahimi M, Asadi M, Akhavan O. Graphene-based Nanomaterials in Fighting the Most Challenging Viruses and Immunogenic Disorders. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:54-81. [PMID: 34967216 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases have long been among the biggest challenges for healthcare systems around the world. The recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an example of how complicated the situation can get if we are not prepared to combat a viral outbreak in time, which brings up the need for quick and affordable biosensing platforms and vast knowledge of potential antiviral effects and drug/gene delivery opportunities. The same challenges have also existed for nonviral immunogenic disorders. Nanomedicine is considered a novel candidate for effectively overcoming these worldwide challenges. Among the versatile nanomaterials commonly used in biomedical applications, graphene has recently earned much attention thanks to its special and inspiring physicochemical properties, such as its large surface area, efficient thermal/electrical properties, carbon-based chemical purity with controllable biocompatibility, easy functionalization, capability of single-molecule detection, anticancer characteristics, 3D template feature in tissue engineering, and, in particular, antibacterial/antiviral activities. In this Review, the most important and challenging viruses of our era, such as human immunodeficiency virus, Ebola, SARS-CoV-2, norovirus, and hepatitis virus, and immunogenic disorders, such as asthma, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, in which graphene-based nanomaterials can effectively take part in the prevention, detection, treatment, medication, and health effect issues, have been covered and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ebrahimi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohamad Asadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-4363 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9161 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Han Q, Pang J, Li Y, Sun B, Ibarlucea B, Liu X, Gemming T, Cheng Q, Zhang S, Liu H, Wang J, Zhou W, Cuniberti G, Rümmeli MH. Graphene Biodevices for Early Disease Diagnosis Based on Biomarker Detection. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3841-3881. [PMID: 34696585 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of diseases plays a vital role in healthcare and the extension of human life. Graphene-based biosensors have boosted the early diagnosis of diseases by detecting and monitoring related biomarkers, providing a better understanding of various physiological and pathological processes. They have generated tremendous interest, made significant advances, and offered promising application prospects. In this paper, we discuss the background of graphene and biosensors, including the properties and functionalization of graphene and biosensors. Second, the significant technologies adopted by biosensors are discussed, such as field-effect transistors and electrochemical and optical methods. Subsequently, we highlight biosensors for detecting various biomarkers, including ions, small molecules, macromolecules, viruses, bacteria, and living human cells. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of graphene-based biosensors and related broad research interests are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yufen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Baojun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (GCL DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden D-01171, Germany
| | - Qilin Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (GCL DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Mark H. Rümmeli
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden D-01171, Germany
- College of Energy, Soochow, Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland
- Institute of Environmental Technology (CEET), VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic
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31
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Lim WY, Lan BL, Ramakrishnan N. Emerging Biosensors to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110434. [PMID: 34821650 PMCID: PMC8615996 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health crisis caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard test for diagnosing COVID-19. Although it is highly accurate, this lab test requires highly-trained personnel and the turn-around time is long. Rapid and inexpensive immuno-diagnostic tests (antigen or antibody test) are available, but these point of care (POC) tests are not as accurate as the RT-PCR test. Biosensors are promising alternatives to these rapid POC tests. Here we review three types of recently developed biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection: surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based, electrochemical and field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors. We explain the sensing principles and discuss the advantages and limitations of these sensors. The accuracies of these sensors need to be improved before they could be translated into POC devices for commercial use. We suggest potential biorecognition elements with highly selective target-analyte binding that could be explored to increase the true negative detection rate. To increase the true positive detection rate, we suggest two-dimensional materials and nanomaterials that could be used to modify the sensor surface to increase the sensitivity of the sensor.
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32
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Breath as the mirror of our body is the answer really blowing in the wind? Recent technologies in exhaled breath analysis systems as non-invasive sensing platforms. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Monteil S, Casson AJ, Jones ST. Electronic and electrochemical viral detection for point-of-care use: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258002. [PMID: 34591907 PMCID: PMC8483417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting viruses, which have significant impact on health and the economy, is essential for controlling and combating viral infections. In recent years there has been a focus towards simpler and faster detection methods, specifically through the use of electronic-based detection at the point-of-care. Point-of-care sensors play a particularly important role in the detection of viruses. Tests can be performed in the field or in resource limited regions in a simple manner and short time frame, allowing for rapid treatment. Electronic based detection allows for speed and quantitative detection not otherwise possible at the point-of-care. Such approaches are largely based upon voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field effect transistors, and similar electrical techniques. Here, we systematically review electronic and electrochemical point-of-care sensors for the detection of human viral pathogens. Using the reported limits of detection and assay times we compare approaches both by detection method and by the target analyte of interest. Compared to recent scoping and narrative reviews, this systematic review which follows established best practice for evidence synthesis adds substantial new evidence on 1) performance and 2) limitations, needed for sensor uptake in the clinical arena. 104 relevant studies were identified by conducting a search of current literature using 7 databases, only including original research articles detecting human viruses and reporting a limit of detection. Detection units were converted to nanomolars where possible in order to compare performance across devices. This approach allows us to identify field effect transistors as having the fastest median response time, and as being the most sensitive, some achieving single-molecule detection. In general, we found that antigens are the quickest targets to detect. We also observe however, that reports are highly variable in their chosen metrics of interest. We suggest that this lack of systematisation across studies may be a major bottleneck in sensor development and translation. Where appropriate, we use the findings of the systematic review to give recommendations for best reporting practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solen Monteil
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Casson
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel T. Jones
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sahu SS, Cavallaro S, Hååg P, Nagy Á, Karlström AE, Lewensohn R, Viktorsson K, Linnros J, Dev A. Exploiting Electrostatic Interaction for Highly Sensitive Detection of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by an Electrokinetic Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42513-42521. [PMID: 34473477 PMCID: PMC8447189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach to improve the detection sensitivity of a streaming current-based biosensor for membrane protein profiling of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). The experimental approach, supported by theoretical investigation, exploits electrostatic charge contrast between the sensor surface and target analytes to enhance the detection sensitivity. We first demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using different chemical functionalization schemes to modulate the zeta potential of the sensor surface in a range -16.0 to -32.8 mV. Thereafter, we examine the sensitivity of the sensor surface across this range of zeta potential to determine the optimal functionalization scheme. The limit of detection (LOD) varied by 2 orders of magnitude across this range, reaching a value of 4.9 × 106 particles/mL for the best performing surface for CD9. We then used the optimized surface to profile CD9, EGFR, and PD-L1 surface proteins of sEVs derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-line H1975, before and after treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as sEVs derived from pleural effusion fluid of NSCLC adenocarcinoma patients. Our results show the feasibility to monitor CD9, EGFR, and PD-L1 expression on the sEV surface, illustrating a good prospect of the method for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sourabh Sahu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Cavallaro
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ábel Nagy
- Department
of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health
(CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department
of Protein Science, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health
(CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme
Cancer, Patient Area Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Linnros
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Apurba Dev
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Castillo-León J, Trebbien R, Castillo JJ, Svendsen WE. Commercially available rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of high priority pathogens: status and challenges. Analyst 2021; 146:3750-3776. [PMID: 34060546 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has shown the importance of having analytical devices that allow a simple, fast, and robust detection of pathogens which cause epidemics and pandemics. The information these devices can collect is crucial for health authorities to make effective decisions to contain the disease's advance. The World Health Organization published a list of primary pathogens that have raised concern as potential causes of future pandemics. Unfortunately, there are no rapid diagnostic tests commercially available and approved by the regulatory bodies to detect most of the pathogens listed by the WHO. This report describes these pathogens, the available detection methods, and highlights areas where more attention is needed to produce rapid diagnostic tests for future pandemic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Castillo-León
- Bioengineering Department, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ramona Trebbien
- Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John J Castillo
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Winnie E Svendsen
- Bioengineering Department, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Sung D, Koo J. A review of BioFET's basic principles and materials for biomedical applications. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:85-96. [PMID: 33868759 PMCID: PMC8034276 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in biomolecular sensors for diagnosis of early diseases and prognosis of the diseases is increasing day by day. Among them, FET-based sensors are very useful in that of their versatile operating characteristics using various materials. Herein, after addressing the basic principles of BioFET, we conduct an overall review of BioFET on two of the main structural elements: transducing materials and probes. Transducing materials were classified into graphene, carbon nanotube, silicon, MOF, etc., and probes were classified into antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, etc.. The important elements in designing BioFETs, such as electrical properties of each material, Debye length, and fabrication process are introduced along with their respective structures and materials. After the review of each of these structures and characteristics, examples are discussed along with sensitivity, selectivity, and limit of detection. In addition to the operating aspects of the senser, novel processes, treatments, and materials that can be considered for various purposes are also introduced. Based on the understanding, an overview of diverse examples is given by dividing the applications of BioFET into three main types: antigen sensing, biomarker sensing, and drug effect monitoring. Focusing on these general reviews, we conclude how the future direction of development will move forward and what the main challenge is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jahyun Koo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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Panahi A, Sadighbayan D, Forouhi S, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Recent Advances of Field-Effect Transistor Technology for Infectious Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:103. [PMID: 33918325 PMCID: PMC8065562 DOI: 10.3390/bios11040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have been intensively researched toward label-free biomolecule sensing for different disease screening applications. High sensitivity, incredible miniaturization capability, promising extremely low minimum limit of detection (LoD) at the molecular level, integration with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and last but not least label-free operation were amongst the predominant motives for highlighting these sensors in the biosensor community. Although there are various diseases targeted by FET sensors for detection, infectious diseases are still the most demanding sector that needs higher precision in detection and integration for the realization of the diagnosis at the point of care (PoC). The COVID-19 pandemic, nevertheless, was an example of the escalated situation in terms of worldwide desperate need for fast, specific and reliable home test PoC devices for the timely screening of huge numbers of people to restrict the disease from further spread. This need spawned a wave of innovative approaches for early detection of COVID-19 antibodies in human swab or blood amongst which the FET biosensing gained much more attention due to their extraordinary LoD down to femtomolar (fM) with the comparatively faster response time. As the FET sensors are promising novel PoC devices with application in early diagnosis of various diseases and especially infectious diseases, in this research, we have reviewed the recent progress on developing FET sensors for infectious diseases diagnosis accompanied with a thorough discussion on the structure of Chem/BioFET sensors and the readout circuitry for output signal processing. This approach would help engineers and biologists to gain enough knowledge to initiate their design for accelerated innovations in response to the need for more efficient management of infectious diseases like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Panahi
- Biologically Sensors and Actuators (BioSA) Laboratory, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (A.P.); (D.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Deniz Sadighbayan
- Biologically Sensors and Actuators (BioSA) Laboratory, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (A.P.); (D.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Saghi Forouhi
- Biologically Sensors and Actuators (BioSA) Laboratory, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (A.P.); (D.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Sensors and Actuators (BioSA) Laboratory, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (A.P.); (D.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Keel Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Shao W, Shurin MR, Wheeler SE, He X, Star A. Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens Using High-Purity Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10321-10327. [PMID: 33596036 PMCID: PMC7901236 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for facilitating proper containment procedures, and a rapid, sensitive antigen assay is a critical step in curbing the pandemic. In this work, we report the use of a high-purity semiconducting (sc) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based field-effect transistor (FET) decorated with specific binding chemistry to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens in clinical nasopharyngeal samples. Our SWCNT FET sensors, with functionalization of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody (SAb) and anti-nucleocapsid protein antibody, detected the S antigen (SAg) and N antigen (NAg), reaching a limit of detection of 0.55 fg/mL for SAg and 0.016 fg/mL for NAg in calibration samples. SAb-functionalized FET sensors also exhibited good sensing performance in discriminating positive and negative clinical samples, indicating a proof of principle for use as a rapid COVID-19 antigen diagnostic tool with high analytical sensitivity and specificity at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shao
- Department of Chemistry,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R. Shurin
- Department of Pathology,
University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260,
United States
| | - Sarah E. Wheeler
- Department of Pathology,
University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260,
United States
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Department of Chemistry,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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39
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Hadisi Z, Walsh T, Dabiri SMH, Seyfoori A, Hamdi D, Mirani B, Pagan E, Jardim A, Akbari M. Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: From Diagnosis to Treatment Strategies. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000173. [PMID: 33614905 PMCID: PMC7883285 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012, the world is now combating a third large-scale outbreak caused by a coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). After the rapid spread of SARS-coronavirus (CoV)-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) from its origin in China, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020. From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of studies have been conducted to better understand the biology and pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus, and to aid in developing effective treatment regimens, therapeutics, and vaccines. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the rapidly evolving areas of clinical care and management of COVID-19. The emerging strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are explored, and the development of effective vaccines is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhina Hadisi
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
| | - Tavia Walsh
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Dabiri
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
| | - Amir Seyfoori
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
| | - David Hamdi
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
| | - Bahram Mirani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3G8Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME)University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3G9Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME)Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5G 1M1Canada
| | - Erik Pagan
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
| | - Armando Jardim
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
- Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC)University of Victoria3800 Finnerty Rd.VictoriaBCV8P 2C5Canada
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40
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Imran S, Ahmadi S, Kerman K. Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:174. [PMID: 33578979 PMCID: PMC7916687 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have been plagued by viral outbreaks that present some of the biggest challenges to public safety. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic has exponentiated these concerns. Increased research on diagnostic tools is currently being implemented in order to assist with rapid identification of the virus, as mass diagnosis and containment is the best way to prevent the outbreak of the virus. Accordingly, there is a growing urgency to establish a point-of-care device for the rapid detection of coronavirus to prevent subsequent spread. This device needs to be sensitive, selective, and exhibit rapid diagnostic capabilities. Electrochemical biosensors have demonstrated these traits and, hence, serve as promising candidates for the detection of viruses. This review summarizes the designs and features of electrochemical biosensors developed for some past and current pandemic or epidemic viruses, including influenza, HIV, Ebola, and Zika. Alongside the design, this review also discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications of the biosensors. Finally, research and perspective of biosensors as potential detection tools for the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saim Imran
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Soha Ahmadi
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
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41
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Sharifi M, Hasan A, Haghighat S, Taghizadeh A, Attar F, Bloukh SH, Edis Z, Xue M, Khan S, Falahati M. Rapid diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 in early stages using nanobiosensors: Challenges and opportunities. Talanta 2021; 223:121704. [PMID: 33303154 PMCID: PMC7521920 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world is a tragic and shocking event that demonstrates the unpreparedness of humans to develop quick diagnostic platforms for novel infectious diseases. In fact, statistical reports of diagnostic tools show that their accuracy, specificity and sensitivity in the detection of COVID hampered by some challenges that can be eliminated by using nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we aimed to present an overview on the most important ways to diagnose different kinds of viruses followed by the introduction of nanobiosensors. Afterward, some methods of COVID-19 detection such as imaging, laboratory and kit-based diagnostic tests are surveyed. Furthermore, nucleic acids/protein- and immunoglobulin (Ig)-based nanobiosensors for the COVID-19 detection infection are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspective for the development of diagnostic or monitoring technologies in the control of COVID-19 are discussed to persuade the scientists in advancing their technologies beyond imagination. In conclusion, it can be deduced that as rapid COVID-19 detection infection can play a vital role in disease control and treatment, this review may be of great help for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak by providing some necessary information for the development of portable, accurate, selectable and simple nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Taghizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Food Toxicology, Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Samir Haj Bloukh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zehra Edis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Minakshi P, Ghosh M, Kumar R, Brar B, Lambe UP, Banerjee S, Ranjan K, Kumar B, Goel P, Malik YS, Prasad G. An Insight into Nanomedicinal Approaches to Combat Viral Zoonoses. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:915-962. [PMID: 32209041 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200325114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure the "One Health" concept under the current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to the disastrous socio-economic outcome. Moreover, most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour. METHODS Structured literature search has been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for the accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicine interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs. RESULTS Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as anti-viral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in the recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and prospects to design successful control strategies. CONCLUSION This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Minakshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur (UP) - 231001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Upendra P Lambe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology Section, LUVAS, Hisar-125004, India
| | - Koushlesh Ranjan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India
| | | | - Parveen Goel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Standardisation, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar - Bareilly (UP) - 243122, India
| | - Gaya Prasad
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, UP, 250110, India
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Sengupta J, Hussain CM. Graphene-based field-effect transistor biosensors for the rapid detection and analysis of viruses: A perspective in view of COVID-19. CARBON TRENDS 2021; 2:100011. [PMID: 38620735 PMCID: PMC7834279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2020.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current situation of COVID-19 demands a rapid, reliable, cost-effective, facile detection strategy to break the transmission chain and biosensor has emerged as a feasible solution for this purpose. Introduction of nanomaterials has undoubtedly improved the performance of biosensor and the addition of graphene enhanced the sensing ability to a peerless level. Amongst different graphene-based biosensing schemes, graphene field-effect transistor marked its unique presence owing to its ability of ultrasensitive and low-noise detection thereby facilitating instantaneous measurements even in the presence of small amounts of analytes. Recently, graphene field-effect transistor type biosensor is even successfully employed in rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 and this triggers the interest of the scientific community in reviewing the current developments in graphene field-effect transistor. Subsequently, in this article, the recent progress in graphene field-effect transistor type biosensors for the detection of the virus is reviewed and challenges along with their strengths are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Sengupta
- Department of Electronic Science, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College (Affiliated to University of Calcutta), Kolkata 700 033, W.B., India
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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44
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Demeke Teklemariam A, Samaddar M, Alharbi MG, Al-Hindi RR, Bhunia AK. Biosensor and molecular-based methods for the detection of human coronaviruses: A review. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 54:101662. [PMID: 32911064 PMCID: PMC7477626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing crisis due to the global pandemic caused by a highly contagious coronavirus (Coronavirus disease - 2019; COVID-19) and the lack of either proven effective therapy or a vaccine has made diagnostic a valuable tool in disease tracking and prevention. The complex nature of this newly emerging virus calls for scientists' attention to find the most reliable, highly sensitive, and selective detection techniques for better control or spread of the disease. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serology-based tests are currently being used. However, the speed and accuracy of these tests may not meet the current demand; thus, alternative technology platforms are being developed. Nano biosensor technology platforms have been established as a promising diagnostic tool for rapid and accurate detection of viruses as well as other life-threatening diseases even in resource-limited settings. This review aims to provide a short overview of recent advancements in molecular and biosensor-based diagnosis of viruses, including the human coronaviruses, and highlight the challenges and future perspectives of these detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Demeke Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manalee Samaddar
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA.
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Khan MZH, Hasan MR, Hossain SI, Ahommed MS, Daizy M. Ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic viruses with electrochemical biosensor: State of the art. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112431. [PMID: 32862842 PMCID: PMC7363606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Last few decades, viruses are a real menace to human safety. Therefore, the rapid identification of viruses should be one of the best ways to prevent an outbreak and important implications for medical healthcare. The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus which belongs to the single-stranded, positive-strand RNA viruses. The pandemic dimension spread of COVID-19 poses a severe threat to the health and lives of seven billion people worldwide. There is a growing urgency worldwide to establish a point-of-care device for the rapid detection of COVID-19 to prevent subsequent secondary spread. Therefore, the need for sensitive, selective, and rapid diagnostic devices plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments and to prevent the epidemics. During the last decade, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as reliable analytical devices and represent a new promising tool for the detection of different pathogenic viruses. This review summarizes the state of the art of different virus detection with currently available electrochemical detection methods. Moreover, this review discusses different fabrication techniques, detection principles, and applications of various virus biosensors. Future research also looks at the use of electrochemical biosensors regarding a potential detection kit for the rapid identification of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z H Khan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - M R Hasan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - S I Hossain
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4 - 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M S Ahommed
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Daizy
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
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Reduced graphene oxide-based field effect transistors for the detection of E7 protein of human papillomavirus in saliva. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:779-787. [PMID: 32816088 PMCID: PMC7438402 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several challenging biological sensing concepts have been realized using electrolyte-gated reduced graphene oxide field effect transistors (rGO-FETs). In this work, we demonstrate the interest of rGO-FET for the sensing of human papillomavirus (HPV), one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses and a necessary factor for cervical carcinogenesis. The highly sensitive and selective detection of the HPV-16 E7 protein relies on the attractive semiconducting characteristics of pyrene-modified rGO functionalized with RNA aptamer Sc5-c3. The aptamer-functionalized rGO-FET allows for monitoring the aptamer-HPV-16 E7 protein binding in real time with a detection limit of about 100 pg mL−1 (1.75 nM) for HPV-16 E7 from five blank noise signals (95% confidence level). The feasibility of this method for clinical application in point-of-care technology is evaluated using HPV-16 E7 protein suspended in saliva and demonstrates the successful fabrication of a promising field effect transistor biosensor for HPV diagnosis. Graphical abstract![]()
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Peng B, Cao K, Lau AHY, Chen M, Lu Y, Chan PKL. Crystallized Monolayer Semiconductor for Ohmic Contact Resistance, High Intrinsic Gain, and High Current Density. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002281. [PMID: 32666565 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The contact resistance limits the downscaling and operating range of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Access resistance through multilayers of molecules and the nonideal metal/semiconductor interface are two major bottlenecks preventing the lowering of the contact resistance. In this work, monolayer (1L) organic crystals and nondestructive electrodes are utilized to overcome the abovementioned challenges. High intrinsic mobility of 12.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 and Ohmic contact resistance of 40 Ω cm are achieved. Unlike the thermionic emission in common Schottky contacts, the carriers are predominantly injected by field emission. The 1L-OFETs can operate linearly from VDS = -1 V to VDS as small as -0.1 mV. Thanks to the good pinch-off behavior brought by the monolayer semiconductor, the 1L-OFETs show high intrinsic gain at the saturation regime. At a high bias load, a maximum current density of 4.2 µA µm-1 is achieved by the only molecular layer as the active channel, with a current saturation effect being observed. In addition to the low contact resistance and high-resolution lithography, it is suggested that the thermal management of high-mobility OFETs will be the next major challenge in achieving high-speed densely integrated flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Ho Yuen Lau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Paddy K L Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Khan NI, Song E. Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Aptamer-Based Biosensing. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020220. [PMID: 32093323 PMCID: PMC7074738 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotides or peptides that are selected from a pool of random sequences that exhibit high affinity toward a specific biomolecular species of interest. Therefore, they are ideal for use as recognition elements and ligands for binding to the target. In recent years, aptamers have gained a great deal of attention in the field of biosensing as the next-generation target receptors that could potentially replace the functions of antibodies. Consequently, it is increasingly becoming popular to integrate aptamers into a variety of sensing platforms to enhance specificity and selectivity in analyte detection. Simultaneously, as the fields of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, and personal medicine become topics of great interest, integration of such aptamer-based sensors with LOC devices are showing promising results as evidenced by the recent growth of literature in this area. The focus of this review article is to highlight the recent progress in aptamer-based biosensor development with emphasis on the integration between aptamers and the various forms of LOC devices including microfluidic chips and paper-based microfluidics. As aptamers are extremely versatile in terms of their utilization in different detection principles, a broad range of techniques are covered including electrochemical, optical, colorimetric, and gravimetric sensing as well as surface acoustics waves and transistor-based detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niazul I. Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Edward Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-603-862-5498
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Poghossian A, Jablonski M, Molinnus D, Wege C, Schöning MJ. Field-Effect Sensors for Virus Detection: From Ebola to SARS-CoV-2 and Plant Viral Enhancers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:598103. [PMID: 33329662 PMCID: PMC7732584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel human infectious disease provoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific vaccines or drugs against COVID-19 are available. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential in order to slow the virus spread and to contain the disease outbreak. Hence, new diagnostic tests and devices for virus detection in clinical samples that are faster, more accurate and reliable, easier and cost-efficient than existing ones are needed. Due to the small sizes, fast response time, label-free operation without the need for expensive and time-consuming labeling steps, the possibility of real-time and multiplexed measurements, robustness and portability (point-of-care and on-site testing), biosensors based on semiconductor field-effect devices (FEDs) are one of the most attractive platforms for an electrical detection of charged biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. In this review, recent advances and key developments in the field of label-free detection of viruses (including plant viruses) with various types of FEDs are presented. In recent years, however, certain plant viruses have also attracted additional interest for biosensor layouts: Their repetitive protein subunits arranged at nanometric spacing can be employed for coupling functional molecules. If used as adapters on sensor chip surfaces, they allow an efficient immobilization of analyte-specific recognition and detector elements such as antibodies and enzymes at highest surface densities. The display on plant viral bionanoparticles may also lead to long-time stabilization of sensor molecules upon repeated uses and has the potential to increase sensor performance substantially, compared to conventional layouts. This has been demonstrated in different proof-of-concept biosensor devices. Therefore, richly available plant viral particles, non-pathogenic for animals or humans, might gain novel importance if applied in receptor layers of FEDs. These perspectives are explained and discussed with regard to future detection strategies for COVID-19 and related viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Jablonski
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Wege,
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Michael J. Schöning,
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Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194214. [PMID: 31569330 PMCID: PMC6806101 DOI: 10.3390/s19194214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, field-effect transistor biosensors (Bio-FET) for biomedical applications have experienced a robust development with evolutions in FET characteristics as well as modification of bio-receptor structures. This review initially provides contemplation on this progress by analyzing and summarizing remarkable studies on two aforementioned aspects. The former includes fabricating unprecedented nanostructures and employing novel materials for FET transducers whereas the latter primarily synthesizes compact molecules as bio-probes (antibody fragments and aptamers). Afterwards, a future perspective on research of FET-biosensors is also predicted depending on current situations as well as its great demand in clinical trials of disease diagnosis. From these points of view, FET-biosensors with infinite advantages are expected to continuously advance as one of the most promising tools for biomedical applications.
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