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Arteel GE. Extracellular Matrix and Hepatic Wound Healing before Fibrosis. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 39191427 DOI: 10.1055/a-2404-7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) is most accurately depicted as a dynamic compartment that comprises a diverse range of players that work bidirectionally with hepatic cells to regulate overall homeostasis. Although the classic meaning of the ECM referred to only proteins directly involved in generating the ECM structure, such as collagens, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins, the definition of the ECM is now broader and includes all components associated with this compartment. The ECM is critical in mediating phenotype at the cellular, organ, and even organismal levels. The purpose of this review is to summarize the prevailing mechanisms by which ECM mediates hepatic phenotype and discuss the potential or established role of this compartment in the response to hepatic injury in the context of steatotic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin E Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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2
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Choi KH, Lee DK, Jeong J, Ahn Y, Go DM, Kim DY, Lee CK. Inhibition of BMP-mediated SMAD pathway supports the pluripotency of pig embryonic stem cells in the absence of feeder cells. Theriogenology 2024; 225:67-80. [PMID: 38795512 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Here, we examined the effects of the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor LDN-193189 on the pluripotency of porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the absence of feeder cells using molecular and transcriptomic techniques. Additionally, the effects of some extracellular matrix components on porcine ESC pluripotency were evaluated to develop an optimized and sustainable feeder-free culture system for porcine ESCs. Feeder cells were found to play an important role in supporting the pluripotency of porcine ESCs by blocking trophoblast and mesodermal differentiation through the inhibition of the BMP pathway. Additionally, treatment with LDN-193189, an inhibitor of the BMP pathway, maintained the pluripotency and homogeneity of porcine ESCs for an extended period in the absence of feeder cells by stimulating the secretion of chemokines and suppressing differentiation, based on transcriptome analysis. Conclusively, these results suggest that LDN-193189 could be a suitable replacement for feeder cells in the maintenance of porcine ESC pluripotency during culture. Additionally, these findings contribute to the understanding of pluripotency gene networks and comparative embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Research and Development Center, Space F Corporation, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18471, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Research and Development Center, Space F Corporation, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18471, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Min Go
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Hagelaars MJ, Rijns L, Dankers PYW, Loerakker S, Bouten CVC. Engineering Strategies to Move from Understanding to Steering Renal Tubulogenesis. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:203-216. [PMID: 36173101 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rebuilding the kidney in the context of tissue engineering offers a major challenge as the organ is structurally complex and has a high variety of specific functions. Recreation of kidney function is inherently connected to the formation of tubules since the functional subunit of the kidney, the nephron, is based on tubular structures. In vivo, tubulogenesis culminates in a perfectly shaped, patterned, and functional renal tubule via different morphogenic processes that depend on delicately orchestrated chemical, physical, and mechanical interactions between cells and between cells and their microenvironment. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of the microenvironment in the morphogenic processes involved in in vivo renal tubulogenesis. We highlight the current state-of-the-art of renal tubular engineering and provide a view on the design elements that can be extracted from these studies. Next, we discuss how computational modeling can aid in specifying and identifying design parameters and provide directions on how these design parameters can be incorporated in biomaterials for the purpose of engineering renal tubulogenesis. Finally, we propose that a step-by-step reciprocal interaction between understanding and engineering is necessary to effectively guide renal tubulogenesis. Impact statement Tubular tissue engineering lies at the foundation of regenerating kidney tissue function, as the functional subunit of the kidney, the nephron, is based on tubular structures. Guiding renal tubulogenesis toward functional renal tubules requires in-depth knowledge of the developmental processes that lead to the formation of native tubules as well as engineering approaches to steer these processes. In this study, we review the role of the microenvironment in the developmental processes that lead to functional renal tubules and give directions how this knowledge can be harnessed for biomaterial-based tubular engineering using computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Hagelaars
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Rijns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Zhao YQ, Deng XW, Xu GQ, Lin J, Lu HZ, Chen J. Mechanical homeostasis imbalance in hepatic stellate cells activation and hepatic fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1183808. [PMID: 37152902 PMCID: PMC10157180 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1183808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease or repeated damage to hepatocytes can give rise to hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a pathological process of excessive sedimentation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (PGs) in the hepatic parenchyma. Changes in the composition of the ECM lead to the stiffness of the matrix that destroys its inherent mechanical homeostasis, and a mechanical homeostasis imbalance activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into myofibroblasts, which can overproliferate and secrete large amounts of ECM proteins. Excessive ECM proteins are gradually deposited in the Disse gap, and matrix regeneration fails, which further leads to changes in ECM components and an increase in stiffness, forming a vicious cycle. These processes promote the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. In this review, the dynamic process of ECM remodeling of HF and the activation of HSCs into mechanotransduction signaling pathways for myofibroblasts to participate in HF are discussed. These mechanotransduction signaling pathways may have potential therapeutic targets for repairing or reversing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Quan Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xi-Wen Deng
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Guo-Qi Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hua-Ze Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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Wong KS, Zhong X, Low CSL, Kanchanawong P. Self-supervised classification of subcellular morphometric phenotypes reveals extracellular matrix-specific morphological responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15329. [PMID: 36097150 PMCID: PMC9468179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell morphology is profoundly influenced by cellular interactions with microenvironmental factors such as the extracellular matrix (ECM). Upon adhesion to specific ECM, various cell types are known to exhibit different but distinctive morphologies, suggesting that ECM-dependent cell morphological responses may harbour rich information on cellular signalling states. However, the inherent morphological complexity of cellular and subcellular structures has posed an ongoing challenge for automated quantitative analysis. Since multi-channel fluorescence microscopy provides robust molecular specificity important for the biological interpretations of observed cellular architecture, here we develop a deep learning-based analysis pipeline for the classification of cell morphometric phenotypes from multi-channel fluorescence micrographs, termed SE-RNN (residual neural network with squeeze-and-excite blocks). We demonstrate SERNN-based classification of distinct morphological signatures observed when fibroblasts or epithelial cells are presented with different ECM. Our results underscore how cell shapes are non-random and established the framework for classifying cell shapes into distinct morphological signature in a cell-type and ECM-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Sun Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xueying Zhong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Christine Siok Lan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Republic of Singapore. .,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Republic of Singapore.
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Chou KC, Chen CT, Cherng JH, Li MC, Wen CC, Hu SI, Wang YW. Cutaneous Regeneration Mechanism of β-Sheet Silk Fibroin in a Rat Burn Wound Healing Model. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3537. [PMID: 34685296 PMCID: PMC8537970 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic dressings to enhance burn wound repair and regeneration are required. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein, induces cell migration and serves as a biomaterial in various dressings. SF dressings usually contain α-helices and β-sheets. The former has been confirmed to improve cell proliferation and migration, but the wound healing effect and related mechanisms of β-sheet SF remain unclear. We investigated the effects of β-sheet SF in vivo and in vitro. Alcohol-treated α-helix SF transformed into the β-sheet form, which promoted granulation formation and re-epithelialization when applied as lyophilized SF dressing (LSFD) in a rat burn model. Our in vitro results showed that β-sheet SF increased human dermal fibroblast (HDF) migration and promoted the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (fibronectin and type III collagen), matrix metalloproteinase-12, and the cell adhesion molecule, integrin β1, in rat granulation tissue and HDFs. This confirms the role of crosstalk between integrin β1 and ECM proteins in cell migration. In summary, we demonstrated that β-sheet SF facilitates tissue regeneration by modulating cell adhesion molecules in dermal fibroblasts. LSFD could find clinical application for burn wound regeneration. Moreover, β-sheet SF could be combined with anti-inflammatory materials, growth factors, or antibiotics to develop novel dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chieh Chou
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Ting Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Hong Cherng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Cheng Wen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (S.-I.H.)
| | - Sheng-I Hu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (S.-I.H.)
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (J.-H.C.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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Sudha T, Godugu K, Darwish NHE, Nazeer T, Mousa SA. Novel Polyethylene Glycol-Conjugated Triazole Derivative with High Thyrointegrin αvβ3 Affinity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Management. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164070. [PMID: 34439224 PMCID: PMC8392871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for up to one-third of more than 60,000 leukemia cases diagnosed annually in the U.S. Primary AML cells express membrane αvβ3 integrin, which is associated with adverse prognosis and resistance to chemotherapies. A novel anticancer compound Polyethylene glycol-conjugated bi-TriAzole Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (P-bi-TAT) interacts with high affinity (Ki 0.3 nM) and specificity with the thyrointegrin αvβ3. We evaluated P-bi-TAT activities in two different AML models representing monocytic and myelocytic forms of acute leukemia. (2) Methods and Results: The in vivo AML models were established prior to initiation of treatment protocols by grafting human leukemia cells in immunocompromised mice. IVIS imaging scans revealed that leukemic colonies were extensively established throughout the bone marrow, liver, and lung of the untreated animals. In animals treated with P-bi-TAT at daily doses ranging from 1-10 mg/kg, subcutaneously for 2-3 weeks, IVIS imaging scans revealed 95% reduction in bone marrow colonies and leukemic colonies in liver and lung. Also, the leukemic cells were not detected in bone marrow samples of P-bi-TAT-treated animals. The anti-neoplastic effect of P-bi-TAT administration on leukemic cells was associated with marked inhibition of NF-κB activity. We conclude that experimental P-bi-TAT therapy in vivo appears extraordinarily effective against the two forms of human AML models in mice. Because the P-bi-TAT molecular target, thyrointegrin αvβ3, is consistently expressed in many, if not all, clinical AML samples, P-bi-TAT-based therapy seems to have significant clinical potential in treating most AML sub-types. Hence, P-bi-TAT represents a promising targeted therapeutic agent for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (K.G.); (N.H.E.D.)
| | - Kavitha Godugu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (K.G.); (N.H.E.D.)
| | - Noureldien H. E. Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (K.G.); (N.H.E.D.)
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Tipu Nazeer
- Albany Medical Center, Pathology Department, AMC Hospital, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (K.G.); (N.H.E.D.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Curtis LT, Sebens S, Frieboes HB. Modeling of tumor response to macrophage and T lymphocyte interactions in the liver metastatic microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1475-1488. [PMID: 33180183 PMCID: PMC10992133 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic interactions between macrophages and T-lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment exert both antagonistic and synergistic functions affecting tumor growth. Extensive experimental effort has been expended to investigate immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization as well as T-cell activation with the goal to promote tumor cell killing and cancer elimination. However, these interactions remain poorly understood, and cancer immunotherapeutic strategies are often disappointing. The complex system encompassing innate and adaptive immune cell activity in response to tumor growth could benefit from a systems perspective built upon mathematical modeling. This study develops a modeling system to help evaluate the effects of macrophage and T-lymphocyte interactions on tumor growth. The system enables simulating the combined cytotoxic and tumor-promoting interactions of these two immune cell populations in a vascularized organ microenvironment, such as in liver metastases. A hypothetical immunotherapeutic strategy is simulated to increase the number of tumor-suppressive (M1-phenotype) vs. tumor-promoting (M2-phenotype) macrophages to gauge their effects on CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ T-helper cells, which in turn affect the macrophage functions. The results highlight the dynamic interactions between macrophages and T-lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment and show that with the chosen set of parameter values, the overall cytotoxic effect from macrophages and T-lymphocytes obtained by driving the M1:M2 ratio higher could saturate and fail to achieve tumor regression. Further expansion of this modeling platform to include additional tumor-immune cell interactions, coupled with parameters representing particular tumor characteristics, could enable systematic evaluation of immunotherapeutic strategies tailored to patient-tumor specific conditions, including metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis T Curtis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UK-SH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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9
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Karagöz Z, Geuens T, LaPointe VLS, van Griensven M, Carlier A. Win, Lose, or Tie: Mathematical Modeling of Ligand Competition at the Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interface. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:657244. [PMID: 33996781 PMCID: PMC8117103 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.657244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin transmembrane proteins conduct mechanotransduction at the cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interface. This process is central to cellular homeostasis and therefore is particularly important when designing instructive biomaterials and organoid culture systems. Previous studies suggest that fine-tuning the ECM composition and mechanical properties can improve organoid development. Toward the bigger goal of fully functional organoid development, we hypothesize that resolving the dynamics of ECM–integrin interactions will be highly instructive. To this end, we developed a mathematical model that enabled us to simulate three main interactions, namely integrin activation, ligand binding, and integrin clustering. Different from previously published computational models, we account for the binding of more than one type of ligand to the integrin. This competition between ligands defines the fate of the system. We have demonstrated that an increase in the initial concentration of ligands does not ensure an increase in the steady state concentration of ligand-bound integrins. The ligand with higher binding rate occupies more integrins at the steady state than does the competing ligand. With cell type specific, quantitative input on integrin-ligand binding rates, this model can be used to develop instructive cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Karagöz
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Geuens
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Adamczyk O, Baster Z, Szczypior M, Rajfur Z. Substrate Stiffness Mediates Formation of Novel Cytoskeletal Structures in Fibroblasts during Cell-Microspheres Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:960. [PMID: 33478069 PMCID: PMC7835802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that living cells interact mechanically with their microenvironment. Many basic cell functions, like migration, proliferation, gene expression, and differentiation, are influenced by external forces exerted on the cell. That is why it is extremely important to study how mechanical properties of the culture substrate influence the cellular molecular regulatory pathways. Optical microscopy is one of the most common experimental method used to visualize and study cellular processes. Confocal microscopy allows to observe changes in the 3D organization of the cytoskeleton in response to a precise mechanical stimulus applied with, for example, a bead trapped with optical tweezers. Optical tweezers-based method (OT) is a microrheological technique which employs a focused laser beam and polystyrene or latex beads to study mechanical properties of biological systems. Latex beads, functionalized with a specific protein, can interact with proteins located on the surface of the cellular membrane. Such interaction can significantly affect the cell's behavior. In this work, we demonstrate that beads alone, placed on the cell surface, significantly change the architecture of actin, microtubule, and intermediate filaments. We also show that the observed molecular response to such stimulus depends on the duration of the cell-bead interaction. Application of cytoskeletal drugs: cytochalasin D, jasplakinolide, and docetaxel, abrogates remodeling effects of the cytoskeleton. More important, when cells are plated on elastic substrates, which mimic the mechanical properties of physiological cellular environment, we observe formation of novel, "cup-like" structures formed by the microtubule cytoskeleton upon interaction with latex beads. These results provide new insights into the function of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Based on these results, we conclude that rigidity of the substrate significantly affects the cellular processes related to every component of the cytoskeleton, especially their architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Adamczyk
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (O.A.); (Z.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Baster
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (O.A.); (Z.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maksymilian Szczypior
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (O.A.); (Z.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (O.A.); (Z.B.); (M.S.)
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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11
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Wang Y, Brodin E, Nishii K, Frieboes HB, Mumenthaler SM, Sparks JL, Macklin P. Impact of tumor-parenchyma biomechanics on liver metastatic progression: a multi-model approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1710. [PMID: 33462259 PMCID: PMC7813881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer and other cancers often metastasize to the liver in later stages of the disease, contributing significantly to patient death. While the biomechanical properties of the liver parenchyma (normal liver tissue) are known to affect tumor cell behavior in primary and metastatic tumors, the role of these properties in driving or inhibiting metastatic inception remains poorly understood, as are the longer-term multicellular dynamics. This study adopts a multi-model approach to study the dynamics of tumor-parenchyma biomechanical interactions during metastatic seeding and growth. We employ a detailed poroviscoelastic model of a liver lobule to study how micrometastases disrupt flow and pressure on short time scales. Results from short-time simulations in detailed single hepatic lobules motivate constitutive relations and biological hypotheses for a minimal agent-based model of metastatic growth in centimeter-scale tissue over months-long time scales. After a parameter space investigation, we find that the balance of basic tumor-parenchyma biomechanical interactions on shorter time scales (adhesion, repulsion, and elastic tissue deformation over minutes) and longer time scales (plastic tissue relaxation over hours) can explain a broad range of behaviors of micrometastases, without the need for complex molecular-scale signaling. These interactions may arrest the growth of micrometastases in a dormant state and prevent newly arriving cancer cells from establishing successful metastatic foci. Moreover, the simulations indicate ways in which dormant tumors could "reawaken" after changes in parenchymal tissue mechanical properties, as may arise during aging or following acute liver illness or injury. We conclude that the proposed modeling approach yields insight into the role of tumor-parenchyma biomechanics in promoting liver metastatic growth, and advances the longer term goal of identifying conditions to clinically arrest and reverse the course of late-stage cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Erik Brodin
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Kenichiro Nishii
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shannon M Mumenthaler
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
| | - Paul Macklin
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Karagöz Z, Rijns L, Dankers PY, van Griensven M, Carlier A. Towards understanding the messengers of extracellular space: Computational models of outside-in integrin reaction networks. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:303-314. [PMID: 33425258 PMCID: PMC7779863 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) are critically important for homeostatic control of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Transmembrane integrin molecules facilitate the communication between ECM and the cell. Since the characterization of integrins in the late 1980s, there has been great advancement in understanding the function of integrins at different subcellular levels. However, the versatility in molecular pathways integrins are involved in, the high diversity in their interaction partners both outside and inside the cell as well as on the cell membrane and the short lifetime of events happening at the cell-ECM interface make it difficult to elucidate all the details regarding integrin function experimentally. To overcome the experimental challenges and advance the understanding of integrin biology, computational modeling tools have been used extensively. In this review, we summarize the computational models of integrin signaling while we explain the function of integrins at three main subcellular levels (outside the cell, cell membrane, cytosol). We also discuss how these computational modeling efforts can be helpful in other disciplines such as biomaterial design. As such, this review is a didactic modeling summary for biomaterial researchers interested in complementing their experimental work with computational tools or for seasoned computational scientists that would like to advance current in silico integrin models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Karagöz
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Rijns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y.W. Dankers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Massaro EK, Goswami I, Verbridge SS, von Spakovsky MR. Electro-chemo-mechanical model to investigate multi-pulse electric-field-driven integrin clustering. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107638. [PMID: 33160180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) on transmembrane proteins is not fully understood; how do chemo-mechanical cues in the microenvironment mediate the electric field sensing by these proteins? To answer this key gap in knowledge, we have developed a kinetic Monte Carlo statistical model of the integrin proteins that integrates three components of the morphogenetic field (i.e., chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues). Specifically, the model incorporates the mechanical stiffness of the cell membrane, the ligand density of the extracellular environment, the glycocalyx stiffness, thermal Brownian motion, and electric field induced diffusion. The effects of both steady-state electric fields and transient PEF pulse trains on integrin clustering are studied. Our results reveal that electric-field-driven integrin clustering is mediated by membrane stiffness and ligand density. In addition, we explore the effects of PEF pulse-train parameters (amplitude, polarity, and pulse-width) on integrin clustering. In summary, we demonstrate a computational methodology to incorporate experimental data and simulate integrin clustering when exposed to PEFs for time-scales comparable to experiments (seconds-minutes). Thus, we propose a blueprint for understanding PEF/electric field effects on protein induced signaling and highlight key impediments to incorporating experimental values into computational models such as the kinetic Monte Carlo method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Massaro
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
| | - Ishan Goswami
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Michael R von Spakovsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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14
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Frieboes HB, Raghavan S, Godin B. Modeling of Nanotherapy Response as a Function of the Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Liver Metastasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1011. [PMID: 32974325 PMCID: PMC7466654 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents a challenging barrier for effective nanotherapy-mediated drug delivery to solid tumors. In particular for tumors less vascularized than the surrounding normal tissue, as in liver metastases, the structure of the organ itself conjures with cancer-specific behavior to impair drug transport and uptake by cancer cells. Cells and elements in the TME of hypovascularized tumors play a key role in the process of delivery and retention of anti-cancer therapeutics by nanocarriers. This brief review describes the drug transport challenges and how they are being addressed with advanced in vitro 3D tissue models as well as with in silico mathematical modeling. This modeling complements network-oriented techniques, which seek to interpret intra-cellular relevant pathways and signal transduction within cells and with their surrounding microenvironment. With a concerted effort integrating experimental observations with computational analyses spanning from the molecular- to the tissue-scale, the goal of effective nanotherapy customized to patient tumor-specific conditions may be finally realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann B. Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Arteel GE, Naba A. The liver matrisome - looking beyond collagens. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100115. [PMID: 32637906 PMCID: PMC7330160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a diverse microenvironment that maintains bidirectional communication with surrounding cells to regulate cell and tissue homeostasis. The classical definition of the ECM has more recently been extended to include non-fibrillar proteins that either interact or are structurally affiliated with the ECM, termed the 'matrisome.' In addition to providing the structure and architectural support for cells and tissue, the matrisome serves as a reservoir for growth factors and cytokines, as well as a signaling hub via which cells can communicate with their environment and vice-versa. The matrisome is a master regulator of tissue homeostasis and organ function, which can dynamically and appropriately respond to any stress or injury. Failure to properly regulate these responses can lead to changes in the matrisome that are maladaptive. Hepatic fibrosis is a canonical example of ECM dyshomeostasis, leading to accumulation of predominantly collagenous ECM; indeed, hepatic fibrosis is considered almost synonymous with collagen accumulation. However, the qualitative and quantitative alterations of the hepatic matrisome during fibrosis are much more diverse than simple accumulation of collagens and occur long before fibrosis is histologically detected. A deeper understanding of the hepatic matrisome and its response to injury could yield new mechanistic insights into disease progression and regression, as well as potentially identify new biomarkers for both. In this review, we discuss the role of the ECM in liver diseases and look at new "omic" approaches to study this compartment.
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Key Words
- AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- ECM
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- Fibrosis
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Liver disease
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NPV, negative predictive value
- POSTN, periostin
- PPV, positive predictive values
- Proteomics
- Regeneration
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin E. Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Yasodharababu M, Nair AK. A Multiscale Model to Predict Neuronal Cell Deformation with Varying Extracellular Matrix Stiffness and Topography. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:229-245. [PMID: 32426060 PMCID: PMC7225237 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuronal cells are sensitive to mechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) such as stiffness and topography. Cells contract and exert a force on ECM to detect the microenvironment, which activates the signaling pathway to influence the cell functions such as differentiation, migration, and proliferation. There are numerous transmembrane proteins that transmit signals; however, integrin and neural cellular adhesion molecules (NCAM) play an important role in sensing the ECM mechanical properties. Mechanotransduction of cell-ECM is the key to understand the influence of ECM stiffness and topography; therefore, in this study, we develop a multiscale computational model to investigate these properties. METHODS This model couples the molecular behavior of integrin and NCAM to microscale interactions of neuronal cell and the ECM. We analyze the atomistic/molecular behavior of integrin and NCAM due to mechanical stimuli using steered molecular dynamics. The microscale properties of the neuronal cell and the ECM are simulated using non-linear finite element analysis by applying cell contractility. RESULTS We predict that by increasing the ECM stiffness, a neuronal cell exerts greater stress on the ECM. However, this stress reaches a saturation value for a threshold stiffness of ECM, and the saturation value is affected by the ECM thickness, topography, and clustering of integrin and NCAMs. Further, the ECM topography leads to asymmetric stress and deformation in the neuronal cell. Predicted stress distribution in neuronal cell and ECM are consistent with experimental results from the literature. CONCLUSION The multiscale computational model will guide in selecting the optimal ECM stiffness and topography range for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Yasodharababu
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Arun K. Nair
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, 731 W. Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR USA
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17
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Hudson SV, Miller HA, Mahlbacher GE, Saforo D, Beverly LJ, Arteel GE, Frieboes HB. Computational/experimental evaluation of liver metastasis post hepatic injury: interactions with macrophages and transitional ECM. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15077. [PMID: 31636296 PMCID: PMC6803648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interactions between subclinical changes to hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to injury and tumor-associated macrophage microenvironmental cues facilitating metastatic cell seeding remain poorly understood. This study implements a combined computational modeling and experimental approach to evaluate tumor growth following hepatic injury, focusing on ECM remodeling and interactions with local macrophages. Experiments were performed to determine ECM density and macrophage-associated cytokine levels. Effects of ECM remodeling along with macrophage polarization on tumor growth were evaluated via computational modeling. For primary or metastatic cells in co-culture with macrophages, TNF-α levels were 5× higher with M1 vs. M2 macrophages. Metastatic cell co-culture exhibited 10× higher TNF-α induction than with primary tumor cells. Although TGFβ1 induction was similar between both co-cultures, levels were slightly higher with primary cells in the presence of M1. Simulated metastatic tumors exhibited decreased growth compared to primary tumors, due to high local M1-induced cytotoxicity, even in a highly vascularized microenvironment. Experimental analysis combined with computational modeling may provide insight into interactions between ECM remodeling, macrophage polarization, and liver tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanice V Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Grace E Mahlbacher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Douglas Saforo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Bartelt SM, Steinkühler J, Dimova R, Wegner SV. Light-Guided Motility of a Minimal Synthetic Cell. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7268-7274. [PMID: 30350637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell motility is an important but complex process; as cells move, new adhesions form at the front and adhesions disassemble at the back. To replicate this dynamic and spatiotemporally controlled asymmetry of adhesions and achieve motility in a minimal synthetic cell, we controlled the adhesion of a model giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) to the substrate with light. For this purpose, we immobilized the proteins iLID and Micro, which interact under blue light and dissociate from each other in the dark, on a substrate and a GUV, respectively. Under blue light, the protein interaction leads to adhesion of the vesicle to the substrate, which is reversible in the dark. The high spatiotemporal control provided by light, allowed partly illuminating the GUV and generating an asymmetry in adhesions. Consequently, the GUV moves into the illuminated area, a process that can be repeated over multiple cycles. Thus, our system reproduces the dynamic spatiotemporal distribution of adhesions and establishes mimetic motility of a synthetic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig M Bartelt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Jan Steinkühler
- Theory and Bio-Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory and Bio-Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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19
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Rokugawa T, Konishi H, Ito M, Iimori H, Nagai R, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J, Abe K. Evaluation of hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model mouse by 18F-FPP-RGD 2 PET. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:40. [PMID: 29855729 PMCID: PMC5981157 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which express integrin αvβ3, are a major fibrogenic factor in NASH pathophysiology. 18F-labeled cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid penta-peptide (18F-FPP-RGD2) has been used as a PET probe for tumors expressing integrin αvβ3. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of PET with 18F-FPP-RGD2 to detect hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model mice. Results Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks were fed a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for 3 and 8 weeks. 18F-FPP-RGD2 PET imaging of the liver was performed at 3 and 8 weeks after CDAHFD feeding. After PET scanning, levels of hepatic integrin αvβ, 3α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen type 1 alpha 1(col1a1) were measured. Histopathological analysis of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as blood biochemistry analysis, was also performed. CDAHFD for 3 and 8 weeks produced a moderate-to-severe steatosis and inflammation of the liver in mice. NAFLD activity score (NAS) in mice fed the CDAHFD for 3 and 8 weeks were more than 4 indicating NASH or borderline NASH pathology. Fibrosis was observed only in mice fed the CDAHFD for 8 weeks. PET imaging showed that the hepatic standardized uptake value, SUV80–90 min, was increased with prolonged CDAHFD feeding compared with the respective controls (CDAHFD 3 weeks 0.32 ± 0.06 vs 0.48 ± 0.05, p < 0.01; CDAHFD 8 weeks 0.35 ± 0.04 vs 0.75 ± 0.07, p < 0.01, respectively). Prolonged CDAHFD feeding increased hepatic mRNA and protein levels of integrin αv and β3 at 3 and 8 weeks. Hepatic 18F-FPP-RGD2 uptake and amount of integrin αv and β3 protein were well correlated (r = 0.593, p < 0.05 and r = 0.835, p < 0.001, respectively). Hepatic 18F-FPP-RGD2 uptake also showed a positive correlation with Sirius red-positive area. Conclusions The hepatic uptake of 18F-FPP-RGD2 correlated well with integrin αv and β3 expression and histological fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH, suggesting the predictability of fibrosis in NASH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemi Rokugawa
- Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Haruyo Konishi
- Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Ito
- Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Analysis, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nagai
- Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,PET Molecular Imaging Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,PET Molecular Imaging Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Abe
- Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
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20
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Hastings JF, Skhinas JN, Fey D, Croucher DR, Cox TR. The extracellular matrix as a key regulator of intracellular signalling networks. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:82-92. [PMID: 29510460 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a salient feature of all solid tissues within the body. This complex, acellular entity is composed of hundreds of individual molecules whose assembly, architecture and biomechanical properties are critical to controlling the behaviour and phenotype of the different cell types residing within tissues. Cells are the basic unit of life and the core building block of tissues and organs. At their simplest, they follow a set of rules, governed by their genetic code and effected through the complex protein signalling networks that these genes encode. These signalling networks assimilate and process the information received by the cell to control cellular decisions that govern cell fate. The ECM is the biggest provider of external stimuli to cells and as such is responsible for influencing intracellular signalling dynamics. In this review, we discuss the inclusion of ECM as a central regulatory signalling sub-network in computational models of cellular decision making, with a focus on its role in diseases such as cancer. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Translating the Matrix. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan F Hastings
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Joanna N Skhinas
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David R Croucher
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2010, Australia.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2010, Australia
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