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Jin P, Duan X, Li L, Zhou P, Zou C, Xie K. Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e542. [PMID: 38660685 PMCID: PMC11042538 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor-promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A "one-two-punch" therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng‐Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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2
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Li XW, Fang SJ, Li YZ, Qin LQ, Chen NY, Zheng B, Mo DL, Su GF, Su JC, Pan CX. Design and synthesis of luotonin A-derived topoisomerase targeting scaffold with potent antitumor effect and low genotoxicity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107015. [PMID: 38086241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Conventional topoisomerase (Topo) inhibitors typically usually exert their cytotoxicity by damaging the DNAs, which exhibit high toxicity and tend to result in secondary carcinogenesis risk. Molecules that have potent topoisomerase inhibitory activity but involve less DNA damage provide more desirable scaffolds for developing novel chemotherapeutic agents. In this work, we broke the rigid pentacyclic system of luotonin A and synthesized thirty-three compounds as potential Topo inhibitors based on the devised molecular motif. Further investigation disclose that two compounds with the highest antiproliferation activity against cancer cells, 5aA and 5dD, had a distinct Topo I inhibitory mechanism different from those of the classic Topo I inhibitors CPT or luteolin, and were able to obviate the obvious cellular DNA damage typically associated with clinically available Topo inhibitors. The animal model experiments demonstrated that even in mice treated with a high dosage of 50 mg/kg 5aA, there were no obvious signs of toxicity or loss of body weight. The tumor growth inhibition (TGI) rate was 54.3 % when 20 mg/kg 5aA was given to the T24 xenograft mouse model, and 5aA targeted the cancer tissue precisely without causing damage to the liver and other major organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Shu-Jun Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ying-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Li-Qing Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Nan-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, Matamoros JA, Salobrar-García E, Elvira-Hurtado L, López-Cuenca I, Sánchez-Puebla L, Salazar JJ, Ramírez JM. Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1354569. [PMID: 38333055 PMCID: PMC10850296 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1354569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Degeneration of RGCs and loss of their axons, as well as damage and remodeling of the lamina cribrosa are the main events in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Different molecular pathways are involved in RGC death, which are triggered and exacerbated as a consequence of a number of risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, ocular biomechanics, or low ocular perfusion pressure. Increased IOP is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite IOP control. Thus, the IOP elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce RGCs death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in IOP produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue. Chronic activation of glial cells in glaucoma may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level inducing blood retinal barrier disruption and RGCs death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Fernández-Albarral
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Matamoros
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Elvira-Hurtado
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Puebla
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Mitroshina EV, Krivonosov MI, Pakhomov AM, Yarullina LE, Gavrish MS, Mishchenko TA, Yarkov RS, Vedunova MV. Unravelling the Collective Calcium Dynamics of Physiologically Aged Astrocytes under a Hypoxic State In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12286. [PMID: 37569663 PMCID: PMC10419080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes serve many functions in the brain related to maintaining nerve tissue homeostasis and regulating neuronal function, including synaptic transmission. It is assumed that astrocytes are crucial players in determining the physiological or pathological outcome of the brain aging process and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, studies on the peculiarities of astrocyte physiology and interastrocytic signaling during aging are of utmost importance. Calcium waves are one of the main mechanisms of signal transmission between astrocytes, and in the present study we investigated the features of calcium dynamics in primary cultures of murine cortical astrocytes in physiological aging and hypoxia modeling in vitro. Specifically, we focused on the assessment of calcium network dynamics and the restructuring of the functional network architecture in primary astrocytic cultures. Calcium imaging was performed on days 21 ("young" astrocyte group) and 150 ("old" astrocyte group) of cultures' development in vitro. While the number of active cells and frequency of calcium events were decreased, we observed a reduced degree of correlation in calcium dynamics between neighboring cells, which was accompanied by a reduced number of functionally connected cells with fewer and slower signaling events. At the same time, an increase in the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and connexin 43 was observed in "old" astrocytic cultures, which can be considered as a compensatory response of cells with a decreased level of intercellular communication. A hypoxic episode aggravates the depression of the connectivity of calcium dynamics of "young" astrocytes rather than that of "old" ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Mitroshina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Mikhail I. Krivonosov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Alexander M. Pakhomov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
- Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Laysan E. Yarullina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Maria S. Gavrish
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Tatiana A. Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Roman S. Yarkov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
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5
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Sosa-Díaz E, Hernández-Cruz EY, Pedraza-Chaverri J. The role of vitamin D on redox regulation and cellular senescence. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:253-273. [PMID: 36270517 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is considered an essential micronutrient for human health that is metabolized into a multifunctional secosteroid hormone. We can synthesize it in the skin through ultraviolet B (UVB) rays or acquire it from the diet. Its deficiency is a major global health problem that affects all ages and ethnic groups. Furthermore, dysregulation of vitamin D homeostasis has been associated with premature aging, driven by various cellular processes, including oxidative stress and cellular senescence. Various studies have shown that vitamin D can attenuate oxidative stress and delay cellular senescence, mainly by inducing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Klotho and improving mitochondrial homeostasis, proposing this vitamin as an excellent candidate for delaying aging. However, the mechanisms around these processes are not yet fully explored. Therefore, in this review, the effects of vitamin D on redox regulation and cellular senescence are discussed to propose new lines of research and clinical applications of vitamin D in the context of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Sosa-Díaz
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04360, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estefani Yaquelin Hernández-Cruz
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico; Postgraduate in Biological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Arce VM, Costoya JA. New insights into the relevance of mobile DNA to cancer resistance in blind mole rats: new lessons for cancer therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:458-459. [DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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7
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Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Węgierska M, Kierasińska A, Ciunowicz D, Rieske P. Role of Senescence in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5969536. [PMID: 35342397 PMCID: PMC8956409 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5969536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of senescence in many physiological and pathological processes is becoming more identifiable, many aspects of senescence are still enigmatic. A special attention is paid to the role of this phenomenon in tumor development and therapy. This review mainly deals with a large spectrum of oncological issues, beginning with therapy-induced senescence and ending with oncogene-induced senescence. Moreover, the role of senescence in experimental approaches, such as primary cancer cell culture or reprogramming into stem cells, is also beginning to receive further consideration. Additional focus is made on senescence resulting from mitotic catastrophe processes triggered by events occurring during mitosis and jeopardizing chromosomal stability. It has to be also realized that based on recent findings, the basics of senescent cell property interpretation, such as irreversibility of proliferation blockade, can be undermined. It shows that the definition of senescence probably requires updating. Finally, the role of senescence is lately more understandable in the immune system, especially since senescence can diminish the effectiveness of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding all these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Węgierska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Amelia Kierasińska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Ciunowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Almengló C, Caamaño P, Fraga M, Devesa J, Costoya JA, Arce VM. From neural stem cells to glioblastoma: A natural history of GBM recapitulated in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7390-7404. [PMID: 33959982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to its aggressive and invasive nature glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour in adults, remains almost invariably lethal. Significant advances in the last several years have elucidated much of the molecular and genetic complexities of GBM. However, GBM exhibits a vast genetic variation and a wide diversity of phenotypes that have complicated the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This complex pathogenesis makes necessary the development of experimental models that could be used to further understand the disease, and also to provide a more realistic testing ground for potential therapies. In this report, we describe the process of transformation of primary mouse embryo astrocytes into immortalized cultures with neural stem cell characteristics, that are able to generate GBM when injected into the brain of C57BL/6 mice, or heterotopic tumours when injected IV. Overall, our results show that oncogenic transformation is the fate of NSC if cultured for long periods in vitro. In addition, as no additional hit is necessary to induce the oncogenic transformation, our model may be used to investigate the pathogenesis of gliomagenesis and to test the effectiveness of different drugs throughout the natural history of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Almengló
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxía, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Caamaño
- Fundación Publica Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Máximo Fraga
- Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Research and Development, Medical Center Foltra, Teo, Spain
| | - José A Costoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxía, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor M Arce
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, Departamento de Fisioloxía, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas CiMUS, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Kaiser M, Semeraro MD, Herrmann M, Absenger G, Gerger A, Renner W. Immune Aging and Immunotherapy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7016. [PMID: 34209842 PMCID: PMC8269421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune functions decline as we age, while the incidence of cancer rises. The advent of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has not only revolutionized cancer therapy, but also spawned great interest in identifying predictive biomarkers, since only one third of patients show treatment response. The aging process extensively affects the adaptive immune system and thus T cells, which are the main target of ICB. In this review, we address age-related changes regarding the adaptive immune system with a focus on T cells and their implication on carcinogenesis and ICB. Differences between senescence, exhaustion, and anergy are defined and current knowledge, treatment strategies, and studies exploring T cell aging as a biomarker for ICB are discussed. Finally, novel approaches to improve immunotherapies and to identify biomarkers of response to ICB are presented and their potential is assessed in a comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kaiser
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Gudrun Absenger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
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Machado-Oliveira G, Ramos C, Marques ARA, Vieira OV. Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2146. [PMID: 32977446 PMCID: PMC7598292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an age-related disorder associated with long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The asymptomatic progression of atherosclerotic plaques leads to major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute myocardial infarctions or cerebral ischemic strokes in some cases. Senescence, a biological process associated with progressive structural and functional deterioration of cells, tissues and organs, is intricately linked to age-related diseases. Cell senescence involves coordinated modifications in cellular compartments and has been demonstrated to contribute to different stages of atheroma development. Senescence-based therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued to treat and prevent CVD in humans in the near-future. In addition, distinct experimental settings allowed researchers to unravel potential approaches to regulate anti-apoptotic pathways, facilitate excessive senescent cell clearance and eventually reverse atherogenesis to improve cardiovascular function. However, a deeper knowledge is required to fully understand cellular senescence, to clarify senescence and atherogenesis intertwining, allowing researchers to establish more effective treatments and to reduce the cardiovascular disorders' burden. Here, we present an objective review of the key senescence-related alterations of the major intracellular organelles and analyze the role of relevant cell types for senescence and atherogenesis. In this context, we provide an updated analysis of therapeutic approaches, including clinically relevant experiments using senolytic drugs to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
| | | | | | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
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Han X, Zhang T, Liu H, Mi Y, Gou X. Astrocyte Senescence and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:148. [PMID: 32581763 PMCID: PMC7297132 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the largest group of glial cells in the brain and participate in several essential functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Disruption of their normal physiological function can lead to metabolism disequilibrium and the pathology of CNS. As an important mechanism of aging, cellular senescence has been considered as a primary inducing factor of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Senescent astrocytes showed decreased normal physiological function and increased secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which contribute to Aβ accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Astrocyte senescence also leads to a number of detrimental effects, including induced glutamate excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic plasticity, neural stem cell loss, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. In this review article, we have summarized the growing findings regarding astrocyte senescence and its putative role in the pathologic progress of AD. Additionally, we also focus on the significance of targeting astrocyte senescence as a novel and feasible therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajing Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Triana-Martínez F, Loza MI, Domínguez E. Beyond Tumor Suppression: Senescence in Cancer Stemness and Tumor Dormancy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020346. [PMID: 32028565 PMCID: PMC7072600 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide an overview of the importance of cellular fate in cancer as a group of diseases of abnormal cell growth. Tumor development and progression is a highly dynamic process, with several phases of evolution. The existing evidence about the origin and consequences of cancer cell fate specification (e.g., proliferation, senescence, stemness, dormancy, quiescence, and cell cycle re-entry) in the context of tumor formation and metastasis is discussed. The interplay between these dynamic tumor cell phenotypes, the microenvironment, and the immune system is also reviewed in relation to cancer. We focus on the role of senescence during cancer progression, with a special emphasis on its relationship with stemness and dormancy. Selective interventions on senescence and dormancy cell fates, including the specific targeting of cancer cell populations to prevent detrimental effects in aging and disease, are also reviewed. A new conceptual framework about the impact of synthetic lethal strategies by using senogenics and then senolytics is given, with the promise of future directions on innovative anticancer therapies.
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Almengló C, González‐Mosquera T, Caamaño P, Seoane M, Fraga M, Devesa J, Costoya JA, Arce VM. Immortalization of a cell line with neural stem cell characteristics derived from mouse embryo brain. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:112-124. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Almengló
- Departamento de FisioloxiaFacultade de Medicina and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Tamara González‐Mosquera
- Departamento de FisioloxiaFacultade de Medicina and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Pilar Caamaño
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Marcos Seoane
- Departamento de FisioloxiaFacultade de Medicina and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Máximo Fraga
- Departamento de Ciencias ForensesAnatomía Patolóxica, Xinecoloxía e Obstetricia, e Pediatría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Research and DevelopmentMedical Center Foltra Teo Spain
| | - José A. Costoya
- Departamento de FisioloxiaFacultade de Medicina and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Víctor M. Arce
- Departamento de FisioloxiaFacultade de Medicina and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Alique M, Ramírez-Carracedo R, Bodega G, Carracedo J, Ramírez R. Senescent Microvesicles: A Novel Advance in Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerotic Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2003. [PMID: 29987251 PMCID: PMC6073566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease that causes the most heart attacks and strokes in humans, is the leading cause of death in the developing world; its principal clinical manifestation is coronary artery disease. The development of atherosclerosis is attributed to the aging process itself (biological aging) and is also associated with the development of chronic diseases (premature aging). Both aging processes produce an increase in risk factors such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and proinflammatory cytokines (oxi-inflamm-aging) that might generate endothelial senescence associated with damage in the vascular system. Cellular senescence increases microvesicle release as carriers of molecular information, which contributes to the development and calcification of atherosclerotic plaque, as a final step in advanced atherosclerotic plaque formation. Consequently, this review aims to summarize the information gleaned to date from studies investigating how the senescent extracellular vesicles, by delivering biological signalling, contribute to atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Alique
- Biology Systems Department, Physiology, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Carracedo
- Cardiovascular Joint Research Unit, University Francisco de Vitoria/University Hospital Ramon y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Bodega
- Biomedicine and Biotechnology Department, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ramírez
- Biology Systems Department, Physiology, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
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