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Ai JY, Liu CF, Zhang W, Rao GW. Current status of drugs targeting PDGF/PDGFR. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103989. [PMID: 38663580 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
As an important proangiogenic factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor PDGFR are highly expressed in a variety of tumors, fibrosis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is therefore a promising therapeutic strategy. At present, a variety of PDGF/PDGFR targeted drugs with potential therapeutic effects have been developed, mainly including PDGF agonists, inhibitors targeting PDGFR and proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTACs). This review clarifies the structure, biological function and disease correlation of PDGF and PDGFR, and it discusses the current status of PDGFR-targeted drugs, so as to provide a reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Ai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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2
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Su J, Fu C, Wang S, Chen X, Wang R, Shi H, Li J, Wang X. Screening and Activity Evaluation of Novel BCR-ABL/T315I Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2872-2894. [PMID: 37211852 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230519105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a kind of malignant tumor formed by the clonal proliferation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. BCR-ABL fusion protein, found in more than 90% of patients, is a vital target for discovering anti- CML drugs. Up to date, imatinib is the first BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved by the FDA for treating CML. However, the drug resistance problems appeared for many reasons, especially the T135I mutation, a "gatekeeper" of BCR-ABL. Currently, there is no long-term effective and low side effect drug in clinical. METHODS This study intends to find novel TKIs targeting BCR-ABL with high inhibitory activity against T315I mutant protein by combining artificial intelligence technology and cell growth curve, cytotoxicity, flow cytometry and Western blot experiments. RESULTS The obtained compound was found to kill leukemia cells, which had good inhibitory efficacy in BaF3/T315I cells. Compound no 4 could induce cell cycle arrest, cause autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibit the phosphorylation of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, STAT5 and Crkl proteins. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the screened compound could be used as a lead compound for further research to discover ideal chronic myeloid leukemia therapeutic drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Humans
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mice
- Animals
- Autophagy/drug effects
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenggong Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Runan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaihuai Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiazhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Rd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
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3
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Mersal KI, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Ali EMH, Ammar UM, Zaraei SO, Haque MM, Das T, Hassan NF, Kim EE, Lee JS, Park H, Lee KH, El-Gamal MI, Kim HK, Ibrahim TM, Oh CH. Evaluation of novel pyrazol-4-yl pyridine derivatives possessing arylsulfonamide tethers as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors in leukemia cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115779. [PMID: 37776574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 36 pyrazol-4-yl pyridine derivatives (8a-i, 9a-i, 10a-i, and 11a-i) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for its antiproliferative activity over NCI-60 cancer cell line panel and inhibitory effect against JNK isoforms (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3). All the synthesized compounds were tested against the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. Compounds 11b, 11c, 11g, and 11i were selected to determine their GI50s and exerted a superior potency over the reference standard SP600125 against the tested cell lines. 11c showed a GI50 of 1.28 μM against K562 leukemic cells. Vero cells were used to assess 11c cytotoxicity compared to the tested cancer cells. The target compounds were tested against hJNK isoforms in which compound 11e exhibited the highest potency against JNK isoforms with IC50 values of 1.81, 12.7, and 10.5 nM against JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, respectively. Kinase profiling of 11e showed higher JNK selectivity in 50 kinase panels. Compounds 11c and 11e showed cell population arrest at the G2/M phase, induced early apoptosis, and slightly inhibited beclin-1 production at higher concentrations in K562 leukemia cells relative to SP600125. NanoBRET assay of 11e showed intracellular JNK1 inhibition with an IC50 of 2.81 μM. Also, it inhibited CYP2D6 and 3A4 with different extent and its hERG activity showed little cardiac toxicity with an IC50 of 4.82 μM. hJNK3 was used as a template to generate the hJNK1 crystal structure to explore the binding mode of 11e (PDB ID: 8ENJ) with a resolution of 2.8 °A and showed a typical type I kinase inhibition against hJNK1. Binding energy scores showed that selectivity of 11e towards JNK1 could be attributed to additional hydrophobic interactions relative to JNK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim I Mersal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea; Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre NRC (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Eslam M H Ali
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Usama M Ammar
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Mamunul Haque
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tanuza Das
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - HaJeung Park
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, USA
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea; Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Branella GM, Lee JY, Okalova J, Parwani KK, Alexander JS, Arthuzo RF, Fedanov A, Yu B, McCarty D, Brown HC, Chandrakasan S, Petrich BG, Doering CB, Spencer HT. Ligand-based targeting of c-kit using engineered γδ T cells as a strategy for treating acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294555. [PMID: 38022523 PMCID: PMC10679681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy or bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy to manage myeloid malignancies has proven more challenging than for B-cell malignancies. This is attributed to a shortage of leukemia-specific cell-surface antigens that distinguish healthy from malignant myeloid populations, and the inability to manage myeloid depletion unlike B-cell aplasia. Therefore, the development of targeted therapeutics for myeloid malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), requires new approaches. Herein, we developed a ligand-based CAR and secreted bi-specific T cell engager (sBite) to target c-kit using its cognate ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). c-kit is highly expressed on AML blasts and correlates with resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis, making it an ideal candidate for which to develop targeted therapeutics. We utilize γδ T cells as a cytotoxic alternative to αβ T cells and a transient transfection system as both a safety precaution and switch to remove alloreactive modified cells that may hinder successful transplant. Additionally, the use of γδ T cells permits its use as an allogeneic, off-the-shelf therapeutic. To this end, we show mSCF CAR- and hSCF sBite-modified γδ T cells are proficient in killing c-kit+ AML cell lines and sca-1+ murine bone marrow cells in vitro. In vivo, hSCF sBite-modified γδ T cells moderately extend survival of NSG mice engrafted with disseminated AML, but therapeutic efficacy is limited by lack of γδ T-cell homing to murine bone marrow. Together, these data demonstrate preclinical efficacy and support further investigation of SCF-based γδ T-cell therapeutics for the treatment of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna M. Branella
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jasmine Y. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Okalova
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Molecular Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kiran K. Parwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jordan S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Raquel F. Arthuzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bing Yu
- Expression Therapeutics, Inc., Tucker, GA, United States
| | - David McCarty
- Expression Therapeutics, Inc., Tucker, GA, United States
| | | | - Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Christopher B. Doering
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Molecular Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - H. Trent Spencer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Molecular Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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5
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Wang S, Li J, Wang D, Xu D, Jin J, Wang Y. Predicting Drug-Disease Associations Through Similarity Network Fusion and Multi-View Feature Projection Representation. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:5165-5176. [PMID: 37527303 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3300717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Predicting drug-disease associations (DDAs) through computational methods has become a prevalent trend in drug development because of their high efficiency and low cost. Existing methods usually focus on constructing heterogeneous networks by collecting multiple data resources to improve prediction ability. However, potential association possibilities of numerous unconfirmed drug-related or disease-related pairs are not sufficiently considered. In this article, we propose a novel computational model to predict new DDAs. First, a heterogeneous network is constructed, including four types of nodes (drugs, targets, cell lines, diseases) and three types of edges (associations, association scores, similarities). Second, an updating and merging-based similarity network fusion method, termed UM-SF, is presented to fuse various similarity networks with diverse weights. Finally, an intermediate layer-mediated multi-view feature projection representation method, termed IM-FP, is proposed to calculate the predicted DDA scores. This method uses multiple association scores to construct multi-view drug features, then projects them into disease space through the intermediate layer, where an intermediate layer similarity constraint is designed to learn the projection matrices. Results of comparative experiments reveal the effectiveness of our innovations. Comparisons with other state-of-the-art models by the 10-fold cross-validation experiment indicate our model's advantage on AUROC and AUPR metrics. Moreover, our proposed model successfully predicted 107 novel high-ranked DDAs.
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6
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Abdellateif MS, Bayoumi AK, Mohammed MA. c-Kit Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer: Current Insights. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:785-799. [PMID: 37790582 PMCID: PMC10544070 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s404648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Kit is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that has an essential role in various biological functions including gametogenesis, melanogenesis, hematopoiesis, cell survival, and apoptosis. c-KIT aberrations, either overexpression or loss-of-function mutations, have been implicated in the pathogenesis and development of many cancers, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mastocytosis, acute myeloid leukemia, breast, thyroid, and colorectal cancer, making c-KIT an attractive molecular target for the treatment of cancers. Therefore, a lot of effort has been put into investigating the utility of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the management of c-KIT mutated tumors. This review of the literature illustrates the role of c-KIT mutations in many cancers, aiming to provide insights into the role of TKIs as a therapeutic option for cancer patients with c-KIT aberrations. In conclusion, c-KIT is implicated in different types of cancer, and it could be a successful molecular target; however, proper detection of the underlying mutation type is required before starting the appropriate personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Bayoumi
- Paediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
- Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, 11617, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Aly Mohammed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
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7
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Abdel-Aziz AK. Advances in acute myeloid leukemia differentiation therapy: A critical review. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115709. [PMID: 37506924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by impaired differentiation and indefinite proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitors. Although differentiating agents were deemed to revolutionize AML therapy, most treated non-APL AML patients are refractory or relapse. According to cancer stem cell model, leukemia-initiating cells are the root cause of relapse given their unidirectional potential to generate differentiated AML blasts. Nonetheless, accumulating evidences emphasize the de-differentiation plasticity and leukemogenic potential of mature AML blasts and the frailty of targeting leukemic stem cells per se. This review critically discusses the potential and challenges of (lessons learnt from) conventional and novel differentiating agents in AML therapy. Although differentiating agents might hold promise, they should be exploited within the context of a rationale combination regimen eradicating all maturation/differentiation states of AML cells. The results of the routinely used immunophenotypic markers and/or morphological analyses of differentiation should be carefully interpreted given their propensity to underestimate AML burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Smart Health Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudia Arabia.
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8
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Heo SK, Yu HM, Kim DK, Seo HJ, Shin Y, Kim SA, Kim M, Kim Y, Lee YJ, Noh EK, Jo JC. LIGHT (TNFSF14) promotes the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into functional hepatocyte-like cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289798. [PMID: 37552689 PMCID: PMC10411951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment option for patients with acute or chronic liver failure. However, the applicability and effectiveness of this modality are often limited by a shortage of donors, surgical complications, high medical costs, and the need for continuing immunosuppressive therapy. An alternative approach is liver cell transplantation. LIGHT (a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily) could be a promising candidate for promoting the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of LIGHT on hBM-MSC differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells. Our previous results showed that LIGHT receptor lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) is constitutively expressed on the surface of hBM-MSCs. Upon treatment with recombinant human LIGHT (rhLIGHT), the phenotype of hBM-MSCs changed to round or polygonal cells. In addition, the cells exhibited high levels of hepatocyte-specific markers, including albumin, cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), CK-19, cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1), CYP1A2, CYP3A4, SRY-box transcription factor 17 (SOX17), and forkhead box A2 (FOXA2). These results indicate that rhLIGHT enhances the differentiation of hBM-MSCs into functional hepatocyte-like cells. Furthermore, rhLIGHT-induced hepatocyte-like cells showed a higher ability to store glycogen and uptake indocyanine green compared with control cells, indicating functional progression. Additionally, treatment with rhLIGHT increased the number, viability, and proliferation of cells by inducing the S/G2/M phase and upregulating the expression of various cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) proteins. We also found that the hepatogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs induced by rhLIGHT was mediated by the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5 pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that LIGHT plays an essential role in promoting the hepatogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs. Hence, LIGHT may be a valuable factor for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Yu
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerang Shin
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ah Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhui Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Aljabban J, Syed S, Syed S, Rohr M, Mukhtar M, Aljabban H, Cottini F, Mohammed M, Hughes T, Gonzalez T, Panahiazr M, Hadley D, Benson D. Characterization of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance progression to multiple myeloma through meta-analysis of GEO data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17298. [PMID: 37539132 PMCID: PMC10394915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) is still obscure as are the processes that enable the progression of MGUS to MM. Understanding the unique vs. shared transcriptomes can potentially elucidate why individuals develop one or the other. Furthermore, highlighting key pathways and genes involved in the pathogenesis of MM or the development of MGUS to MM may allow the discovery of novel drug targets and therapies. We employed STARGEO platform to perform three separate meta-analysis to compare MGUS and MM transcriptomes. For these analyses we tagged (1) 101 MGUS patient plasma cells from bone marrow samples and 64 plasma cells from healthy controls (2) 383 MM patient CD138+ cells from bone marrow and the 101 MGUS samples in the first analysis as controls (3) 517 MM patient peripheral blood samples and 97 peripheral blood samples from healthy controls. We then utilized Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to analyze the unique genomic signatures within and across these samples. Our study identified genes that may have unique roles in MGUS (GADD45RA and COMMD3), but also newly identified signaling pathways (EIF2, JAK/STAT, and MYC) and gene activity (NRG3, RBFOX2, and PARP15) in MGUS that have previously been shown to be involved in MM suggesting a spectrum of molecular overlap. On the other hand, genes such as DUSP4, RN14, LAMP5, differentially upregulated in MM, may be seen as tipping the scales from benignity to malignancy and could serve as drug targets or novel biomarkers for risk of progression. Furthermore, our analysis of MM identified newly associated gene/pathway activity such as inhibition of Wnt-signaling and defective B cell development. Finally, IPA analysis, suggests the multifactorial, oncogenic qualities of IFNγ signaling in MM may be a unifying pathway for these diverse mechanisms and prompts the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Aljabban
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Saad Syed
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael Rohr
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, United States
| | - Mohamed Mukhtar
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, United States
| | | | - Francesca Cottini
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
- James Cancer Hospital Solove Research Institute, United States
| | | | - Tiffany Hughes
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
| | | | - Maryam Panahiazr
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, United States
| | - Dexter Hadley
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, United States
- University of Central Florida, Chief of the Department of Artificial Intelligence, United States
| | - Don Benson
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States
- James Cancer Hospital Solove Research Institute, United States
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10
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Bouligny IM, Maher KR, Grant S. Mechanisms of myeloid leukemogenesis: Current perspectives and therapeutic objectives. Blood Rev 2023; 57:100996. [PMID: 35989139 PMCID: PMC10693933 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic neoplasm which results in clonal proliferation of abnormally differentiated hematopoietic cells. In this review, mechanisms contributing to myeloid leukemogenesis are summarized, highlighting aberrations of epigenetics, transcription factors, signal transduction, cell cycling, and the bone marrow microenvironment. The mechanisms contributing to AML are detailed to spotlight recent findings that convey clinical impact. The applications of current and prospective therapeutic targets are accentuated in addition to reviews of treatment paradigms stratified for each characteristic molecular lesion - with a focus on exploring novel treatment approaches and combinations to improve outcomes in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Bouligny
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Keri R Maher
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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11
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Heo SK, Noh EK, Seo HJ, Lee YJ, Koh S, Min YJ, Choi Y, Jo JC. Radotinib inhibits multiple myeloma cell proliferation via suppression of STAT3 signaling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265958. [PMID: 35503759 PMCID: PMC9064077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer causing from accumulated abnormal plasma cells. STAT3 overexpression in MM appears to be mediated by a variety of factors, and it may be associated with an adverse prognosis and play a role in microenvironment-dependent treatment resistance. Unfortunately, MM remains an incurable disease, as relapse is very common. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop new treatment options for MM. Radotinib is a novel anti-cancer drug, currently approved in South Korea for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia patients. It is an oral, multitargeted inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases, including BCR-ABL, c-KIT, PDGFR, and Src family kinases. However, little is known about the effects of radotinib on multiple myeloma cells. However, little is known about the effects of radotinib on multiple myeloma cells. But even tinip almost not known about the impact of multiple myeloma cells. Moreover, nothing is known about how it affects STAT3 and JAK2. In this study, we analyzed the effect of radotinib on multiple myeloma cells. Herein, Moreover, nothing is known about how it. Moreover, not all is known about how the affects STAT3 and JAK2. We investigated the effect of radotinib on the STAT3 signaling pathway in MM cells, including several MM cell lines and mouse models. So we investigated the effect of radotinib on MM cells, including several MM cell lines and mouse models. Interestingly, radotinib induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation in MM cells including RPMI-8226, MM.1S, U266B1, and IM-9 cells. Moreover, radotinib treatment significantly increased the number Annexin V-positive cells and G0/G1-phase cells. In addition, radotinib treatment in various MM cells strongly suppressed the activity and expression of STAT3 and JAK2 proteins. We also observed that diverse proteins related to the STAT3 signaling pathway, including c-Myc, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, cyclin D1 and cyclin D3, were powerfully inhibited by radotinib treatment in MM cells. Furthermore, radotinib significantly suppressed MM cell growth in a xenograft animal model using IM-9 cells. In conclusion, radotinib may play an important role as a candidate agent for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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12
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Steidl C, Aroldi A, Mologni L, Crespiatico I, Fontana D, Mastini C, Fumagalli M, Perfetti P, Borin L, Valentini C, Piazza R, Gambacorti-Passerini C. Validation of a new NGS-based myeloid panel in Acute myeloid leukemia: a single-center experience. Leuk Res 2022; 118:106861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Hwang D, Seyedsadr MS, Ishikawa LLW, Boehm A, Sahin Z, Casella G, Jang S, Gonzalez MV, Garifallou JP, Hakonarson H, Zhang W, Xiao D, Rostami A, Zhang GX, Ciric B. CSF-1 maintains pathogenic but not homeostatic myeloid cells in the central nervous system during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111804119. [PMID: 35353625 PMCID: PMC9168454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111804119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1R) is important for the survival and function of myeloid cells that mediate pathology during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). CSF-1 and IL-34, the ligands of CSF-1R, have similar bioactivities but distinct tissue and context-dependent expression patterns, suggesting that they have different roles. This could be the case in EAE, given that CSF-1 expression is up-regulated in the CNS, while IL-34 remains constitutively expressed. We found that targeting CSF-1 with neutralizing antibody halted ongoing EAE, with efficacy superior to CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ945, whereas IL-34 neutralization had no effect, suggesting that pathogenic myeloid cells were maintained by CSF-1. Both anti–CSF-1 and BLZ945 treatment greatly reduced the number of monocyte-derived cells and microglia in the CNS. However, anti–CSF-1 selectively depleted inflammatory microglia and monocytes in inflamed CNS areas, whereas BLZ945 depleted virtually all myeloid cells, including quiescent microglia, throughout the CNS. Anti–CSF-1 treatment reduced the size of demyelinated lesions and microglial activation in the gray matter. Lastly, we found that bone marrow–derived immune cells were the major mediators of CSF-1R–dependent pathology, while microglia played a lesser role. Our findings suggest that targeting CSF-1 could be effective in ameliorating MS pathology, while preserving the homeostatic functions of myeloid cells, thereby minimizing risks associated with ablation of CSF-1R–dependent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Maryam S. Seyedsadr
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | | | - Alexandra Boehm
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ziver Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Soohwa Jang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - James P. Garifallou
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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14
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Andreozzi F, Massaro F, Wittnebel S, Spilleboudt C, Lewalle P, Salaroli A. New Perspectives in Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Driving towards a Patient-Tailored Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3887. [PMID: 35409248 PMCID: PMC8999556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, intensive chemotherapy (IC) has been considered the best therapeutic option for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with no curative option available for patients who are not eligible for IC or who have had failed IC. Over the last few years, several new drugs have enriched the therapeutic arsenal of AML treatment for both fit and unfit patients, raising new opportunities but also new challenges. These include the already approved venetoclax, the IDH1/2 inhibitors enasidenib and ivosidenib, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, the liposomal daunorubicin/cytarabine formulation CPX-351, and oral azacitidine. Venetoclax, an anti BCL2-inhibitor, in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs), has markedly improved the management of unfit and elderly patients from the perspective of improved quality of life and better survival. Venetoclax is currently under investigation in combination with other old and new drugs in early phase trials. Recently developed drugs with different mechanisms of action and new technologies that have already been investigated in other settings (BiTE and CAR-T cells) are currently being explored in AML, and ongoing trials should determine promising agents, more synergic combinations, and better treatment strategies. Access to new drugs and inclusion in clinical trials should be strongly encouraged to provide scientific evidence and to define the future standard of treatment in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Andreozzi
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Fulvio Massaro
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Sebastian Wittnebel
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Chloé Spilleboudt
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Adriano Salaroli
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
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15
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Chi SG, Minami Y. Emerging Targeted Therapy for Specific Genomic Abnormalities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2362. [PMID: 35216478 PMCID: PMC8879537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe recent updates of existing molecular-targeting agents and emerging novel gene-specific strategies. FLT3 and IDH inhibitors are being tested in combination with conventional chemotherapy for both medically fit patients and patients who are ineligible for intensive therapy. FLT3 inhibitors combined with non-cytotoxic agents, such as BCL-2 inhibitors, have potential therapeutic applicability. The menin-MLL complex pathway is an emerging therapeutic target. The pathway accounts for the leukemogenesis in AML with MLL-rearrangement, NPM1 mutation, and NUP98 fusion genes. Potent menin-MLL inhibitors have demonstrated promising anti-leukemic effects in preclinical studies. The downstream signaling molecule SYK represents an additional target. However, the TP53 mutation continues to remain a challenge. While the p53 stabilizer APR-246 in combination with azacitidine failed to show superiority compared to azacitidine monotherapy in a phase 3 trial, next-generation p53 stabilizers are now under development. Among a number of non-canonical approaches to TP53-mutated AML, the anti-CD47 antibody magrolimab in combination with azacitidine showed promising results in a phase 1b trial. Further, the efficacy was somewhat better in patients with the TP53 mutation. Although clinical evidence has not been accumulated sufficiently, targeting activating KIT mutations and RAS pathway-related molecules can be a future therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 2778577, Japan;
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16
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Friedman R. The molecular mechanisms behind activation of FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia and resistance to therapy by selective inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188666. [PMID: 34896257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is an aggressive cancer, which, in spite of increasingly better understanding of its genetic background remains difficult to treat. Mutations in the FLT3 gene are observed in ≈30% of the patients. Most of these mutations are internal tandem duplications (ITDs) of a sequence within the protein coding region, an activation mechanism that is almost non-existent with other genes and cancers. As patients each carry their own unique set of mutations, it is challenging to understand how ITDs activate the protein, and ascertain the risk for each individual patient. Available treatment options are limited due to development of drug resistance. Here, recent studies are reviewed that help to better understand the molecular mechanism behind activation of the FLT3 protein due to mutations. It is argued that difference in mutation sequences and especially location might be coupled to prognosis. When it comes to FLT3 inhibitors, key differences between them can be attributed to the mode of inhibition (type-1 and type-2 inhibitors), effective inhibitory coefficient in the blood plasma and off-target binding. Accounting for the position and length of insertions may in the future be used to predict prognosis and rationalise treatment. Development of new inhibitors must take into account the potential for resistance mutations. Inhibitors aimed at multiple specific targets are currently being developed. These, and as well as combination therapies will hopefully lead to longer periods during which targeted FLT3 therapy will remain effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnæus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
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17
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Heo SK, Noh EK, Kim JY, Yu HM, Sung JY, Ju LJ, Kim DK, Seo HJ, Lee YJ, Cheon J, Koh S, Min YJ, Choi Y, Jo JC. The c-Abl inhibitor, radotinib induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells via mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13198. [PMID: 34168229 PMCID: PMC8225673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer resulting from accumulated abnormal plasma cells. Unfortunately, MM remains an incurable disease, as relapse is very common. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop new treatment options for MM. Radotinib is a novel anti-cancer drug, currently approved in South Korea for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Its mechanism of action involves inhibition of the tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Generally, the mechanism of inhibition of non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl has played an essential role in the inhibition of cancer progression. However, little is known regarding the effects of the c-Abl inhibitor, radotinib on MM cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of radotinib on multiple myeloma cells. Interestingly, radotinib caused apoptosis in MM cells including RPMI-8226, MM.1S, and IM-9 cells, even in the absence of c-kit expression in 2 of these lines. Radotinib treatment significantly increased the number Annexin V-positive cells and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in MM cells. Additionally, we observed that cytochrome C was localized in the cytosol of radotinib-treated MM cells. Moreover, radotinib decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and increased the expression of Bax and Bak in MM cells. Furthermore, radotinib promoted caspase pathway activation by inducing the expression and activity of caspase-3, -7, and -9. Expression of cleaved PARP-1 was also increased by radotinib treatment in various MM cells. In addition, radotinib significantly suppressed MM cell growth in a xenograft animal model using RPMI-8226 cells, and killed ex vivo myeloma cells from patients. In conclusion, radotinib may play an important role as a candidate agent or chemosensitizer for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yi Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Yu
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Sung
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Jeong Ju
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Immunohistochemical diagnosis of the viability of the strangulation furrow. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the possibility of using immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis of intravital stangulation.
Materials and methods: Fragments of the neck skin from the strnaglulation zone were selected as objects of research. The main study group included 20 deaths due to hanging (10 men and 10 women). For the control group, 10 cases of acute coronary death (5 men and 5 women) were used. Using a complex of IHC markers, the labeling of the epidermis and epithelial structures, the features of cellular immune responses, the manifestation of oxidative steress were studied.
Results: Peculiarities of morphological manifestations of strangulation furrow in mechanical asphyxia were studied. It is established that the key link of its morphogenesis is impaired vascular wall permeability with loss of type IV collagen in the basement membranes of epithelium and skin vessels, migration into tissues of activated CD15+ granulocytes, CD68+ macrophages and CD117+ labrocytes, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), fibrinogen protein and transforming growth factor β1.
Conclusion: Such changes in the tinctorial properties of skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue can be recorded by immunohistochemical (IHC) and serve as an important diagnostic criterion for the viability of the formation of the strangulation furrow.
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19
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El-Meligui YM, Abd Elrhman HE, Salahuddin A, Hamouda MA, Kassem AB. Correlation Study on HLA-DR and CD117 (c-Kit) Expressions: Its Prognosis and Treatment Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:381-393. [PMID: 33833549 PMCID: PMC8019664 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s268986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. HLA-DR and CD117 (c-Kit) are important diagnostic markers of AML. Our objective is to determine the prognostic significance of HLA-DR and CD117 expressions in newly diagnosed AML patients and determine the correlation between HLA-DR and CD117 expressions and other prognostic markers such as cytogenetic abnormalities, FLT3-ITD, response to treatment, and patient’s survival. Methods This study included 100 newly diagnosed AML patients. All patients were subjected to clinical, morphological, cytochemical, cytogenetic analysis, molecular genetic analysis to detect FLT3-ITD, and Flowcytometric detection of HLA-DR, CD117, and CD 34. Results The results showed that HLA-DR expression was found in 75 patients (77.3%), while CD117 expression was found in 63 patients (64.9%). Patients with HLA-DR expression showed significantly higher mean Hb concentration, significantly higher platelet count, associated with AML-FAB subtypes (M0, M1, and M2), CD34 expression, and favorable cytogenetic group. M3 subtype was significantly associated with HLA-DR-ve. While patients with CD117 expression showed significantly lower platelets count. Double positive patients (HLA-DR+ve/CD117+ve) showed significant association with the intermediate cytogenetic group, while double-negative patients (HLA-DR-ve/CD117-ve) were associated with the favorable and intermediate cytogenetic group and either positive (HLA-DR+ve /CD117-ve or HLA-DR-ve/CD117+ve) associated with poor cytogenetic groups. FLT3-ITD expression had significantly worse overall survival. Conclusion The current study suggested that the expression of CD117 and HLA-DR may be a prognostic marker in AML, as they are associated with M0, M1, and M2 FAB subtypes; moreover, patients with combined HLA-DR and CD117 positive expression are associated with CD34 expression and intermediate cytogenetic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna M El-Meligui
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba E Abd Elrhman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Salahuddin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Manal Ali Hamouda
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira B Kassem
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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20
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van der Vorst EPC. c-Kit inhibition: From promising cancer therapy to culprit in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2021; 324:115-116. [PMID: 33824002 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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21
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LIGHT (TNFSF14) enhances osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247368. [PMID: 33606781 PMCID: PMC7895395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease associated with decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone quality, and it affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, it is treated mainly using antiresorptive and osteoanabolic agents. However, these drugs have severe adverse effects. Cell replacement therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could serve as a treatment strategy for osteoporosis in the future. LIGHT (HVEM-L, TNFSF14, or CD258) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. However, the effect of recombinant LIGHT (rhLIGHT) on osteogenesis in human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) is unknown. Therefore, we monitored the effects of LIGHT on osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs. Lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR), which is a LIGHT receptor, was constitutively expressed on the surface of hBM-MSCs. After rhLIGHT treatment, calcium and phosphate deposition in hBM-MSCs, stained by Alizarin red and von Kossa, respectively, significantly increased. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine the expressions of osteoprogenitor markers (RUNX2/CBFA1 and collagen I alpha 1) and osteoblast markers (alkaline phosphatase, osterix/Sp7, and osteocalcin) and immunoblotting to assess the underlying biological mechanisms following rhLIGHT treatment. We found that rhLIGHT treatment enhanced von Kossa- and Alizarin red-positive hBM-MSCs and induced the expression of diverse differentiation markers of osteogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. WNT/β-catenin pathway activation strongly mediated rhLIGHT-induced osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs, accelerating the differentiation of hBM-MSCs into osteocytes. In conclusion, the interaction between LIGHT and LTβR enhances osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs. Therefore, LIGHT might play an important role in stem cell therapy.
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22
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma: a review of clinical features, treatment targets and advances in improving the immune response to monoclonal antibody therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188523. [PMID: 33600823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is relentless, defined by treatment failure heralded by locoregional recurrence and distant metastatic disease. In this review, we present an update of clinical features, molecular classification, current targeted therapies, immune landscapes and novel treatment targets with their respective clinical trials. The presented results are defined by a lack of overall response rate and limited progression free survival, with restriction to stable disease. In addition, ACC is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition due to low tumour immunogenicity and lack of PD-L1 expression. Here we present a new prospective research paradigm for ACC, including the potential to target prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and the potential for manipulation of target receptors in the clinic. The presentation of this review aims to promote future research to improve response rates and outcomes for therapeutics undergoing clinical trial in ACC.
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Danesi R, Fogli S, Indraccolo S, Del Re M, Dei Tos AP, Leoncini L, Antonuzzo L, Bonanno L, Guarneri V, Pierini A, Amunni G, Conte P. Druggable targets meet oncogenic drivers: opportunities and limitations of target-based classification of tumors and the role of Molecular Tumor Boards. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100040. [PMID: 33540286 PMCID: PMC7859305 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of cancer is changing rapidly due to the growing number of approved drugs capable of targeting specific genetic alterations. This aspect, together with the development of noninvasive methods for the assessment of somatic mutations in the peripheral blood of patients, generated a growing interest toward a new tumor-agnostic classification system based on ‘predictive’ biomarkers. The current review article discusses this emerging alternative approach to the classification of cancer and its implications for the selection of treatments. It is suggested that different types of cancers sharing the same molecular profiles could benefit from the same targeted drugs. Although recent clinical trials have demonstrated that this approach cannot be generalized, there are also specific examples that demonstrate the clinical utility of this alternative vision. In this rapidly evolving scenario, a multidisciplinary approach managed by institutional Molecular Tumor Boards is fundamental to interpret the biological and clinical relevance of genetic alterations and the complexity of their relationship with treatment response. The identification of oncogenic drivers offers the opportunity to develop target-specific drugs. The inhibition of crucial pathways realizes the principle of druggable target to exploit cancer vulnerability. The approval of new anticancer agents based on target-based concept represents a paradigm shift in cancer therapy. However, only few drugs have been approved so far on an agnostic basis and the concept of biomarker cannot be generalized. Tumor Molecular Boards will have an increasing role in the identification of new therapeutic options in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Fogli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Indraccolo
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - M Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A P Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Anatomic Pathology Division, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Bonanno
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - V Guarneri
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - A Pierini
- Integrated Access, Roche, Monza, Italy
| | - G Amunni
- Institute for the Study, Prevention and Oncology Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
| | - P Conte
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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24
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Wang B, Yang B, Ling Y, Zhang J, Hua X, Gu W, Yan F. Role of CD19 and specific KIT-D816 on risk stratification refinement in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia induced with different cytarabine intensities. Cancer Med 2020; 10:1091-1102. [PMID: 33382538 PMCID: PMC7897948 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐dose cytarabine (Ara‐C) has been reported with increased treatment‐related mortality, whereas few data are available concerning intermediate‐dose Ara‐C for induction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) translocation. We retrospectively analyzed factors impacting complete remission (CR), event‐free survival (EFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and overall survival (OS) in 197 adults with t(8;21) AML, of whom 107 cases were induced with intermediate‐dose and 90 with standard‐dose Ara‐C (as part of 3 + 7 protocol). After a single induction course, the overall CR rate was 87.6% (170/194), with a significant difference between the standard‐dose (83/105, 79.0%) and intermediate‐dose (87/89, 97.8%) groups (p < 0.001). Rather than general KITmut, the specific KIT‐D816 independently led to a lower probability of achieving CR (HR = 3.29 [1.18–9.24], p = 0.023), worse EFS (HR = 3.53 [1.82–6.84], p < 0.001), and OS (HR = 5.45 [1.77–16.84], p = 0.003) in the standard‐dose group, but not in the intermediate‐dose group. CD19(+) represented the only independent factor predicting lower CIR both in the standard‐dose group (HR = 0.32 [0.10–1.00], p = 0.050) and in the intermediate‐dose group (HR = 0.11 [0.03–0.40], p = 0.001). When combined, KIT(+) plus CD19(−) conferred the most increased relapse risk (3‐year CIR 60%; SE 0.12). Specific KIT‐D816, instead of general KITmut, may be incorporated in prognostication model for t(8;21) AML. Combination of CD19 with KIT provides a more definite risk stratification profile for t(8;21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Hua
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Weiying Gu
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
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25
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Carter JL, Hege K, Yang J, Kalpage HA, Su Y, Edwards H, Hüttemann M, Taub JW, Ge Y. Targeting multiple signaling pathways: the new approach to acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:288. [PMID: 33335095 PMCID: PMC7746731 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and the second most common form of acute leukemia in children. Despite this, very little improvement in survival rates has been achieved over the past few decades. This is partially due to the heterogeneity of AML and the need for more targeted therapeutics than the traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies that have been a mainstay in therapy for the past 50 years. In the past 20 years, research has been diversifying the approach to treating AML by investigating molecular pathways uniquely relevant to AML cell proliferation and survival. Here we review the development of novel therapeutics in targeting apoptosis, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, hedgehog (HH) pathway, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and c-Myc signaling. There has been an impressive effort into better understanding the diversity of AML cell characteristics and here we highlight important preclinical studies that have supported therapeutic development and continue to promote new ways to target AML cells. In addition, we describe clinical investigations that have led to FDA approval of new targeted AML therapies and ongoing clinical trials of novel therapies targeting AML survival pathways. We also describe the complexity of targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs) as an approach to addressing relapse and remission in AML and targetable pathways that are unique to LSC survival. This comprehensive review details what we currently understand about the signaling pathways that support AML cell survival and the exceptional ways in which we disrupt them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Carter
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,MD/PhD Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katie Hege
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hasini A Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yongwei Su
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yubin Ge
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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26
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Heo SK, Noh EK, Yu HM, Kim DK, Seo HJ, Lee YJ, Cheon J, Koh SJ, Min YJ, Choi Y, Jo JC. Radotinib enhances cytarabine (Ara-C)-induced acute myeloid leukemia cell death. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1193. [PMID: 33276759 PMCID: PMC7718665 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease that frequently relapses after standard chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a need for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents that could treat AML effectively. Radotinib, an oral BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was developed as a drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Previously, we reported that radotinib exerts increased cytotoxic effects towards AML cells. However, little is known about the effects of combining radotinib with Ara-C, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent for AML, with respect to cell death in AML cells. Therefore, we investigated combination effects of radotinib and Ara-C on AML in this study. Methods Synergistic anti-cancer effects of radotinib and Ara-C in AML cells including HL60, HEL92.1.7, THP-1 and bone marrow cells from AML patients have been examined. Diverse cell biological assays such as cell viability assay, Annexin V-positive cells, caspase-3 activity, cell cycle distribution, and related signaling pathway have been performed. Results The combination of radotinib and Ara-C was found to induce AML cell apoptosis, which involved the mitochondrial pathway. In brief, combined radotinib and Ara-C significantly induced Annexin V-positive cells, cytosolic cytochrome C, and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax in AML cells including HL60, HEL92.1.7, and THP-1. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-xl protein were markedly decreased by radotinib and Ara-C. Moreover, this combination induced caspase-3 activity. Cleaved caspase-3, 7, and 9 levels were also increased by combined radotinib and Ara-C. Additionally, radotinib and Ara-C co-treatment induced G0/G1 arrest via the induction of CDKIs such as p21 and p27 and the inhibition of CDK2 and cyclin E. Thus, radotinib/Ara-C induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest via the regulation of the CDKI–CDK–cyclin cascade in AML cells. In addition, our results showed that combined treatment with radotinib and Ara-C inhibits AML cell growth, including tumor volumes and weights in vivo. Also, the combination of radotinib and Ara-C can sensitize cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as daunorubicin or idarubicin in AML cells. Conclusions Therefore, our results can be concluded that radotinib in combination with Ara-C possesses a strong anti-AML activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07701-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Yu
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
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Herborg LL, Nederby L, Brøndum RF, Hansen M, Hokland P, Roug AS. Antigen Expression Varies Significantly between Molecular Subgroups of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Clinical Applicability Is Hampered by Establishment of Relevant Cutoffs. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:275-284. [PMID: 33271547 DOI: 10.1159/000510504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this single-center study of 268 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, we have tested if a subset of 4 routinely employed immunophenotypic stem cell-associated markers correlated with the presence of recurrently mutated genes and if the markers were predictive for mutational status. METHODS Immunophenotypic data from 268 diagnostic AML samples obtained in 2009-2018 were analyzed retrospectively for the antigens CD34, CD117, CD123, and CLEC12A. Correlation between immunophenotypes and mutations was analyzed by Fischer's exact test. Clinical applicability of the markers for predicting mutational status was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics analyses, where an area under the curve (AUC) of at least 0.85 was accepted as clinically relevant. RESULTS For a number of genes, the antigen expression differed significantly between mutated and wild-type gene expression. Despite low AUCs, CD123 and CLEC12A correlated with FLT3+NPM1- and FLT3+NPM1+. Three subsets met the AUC requirements (CD34+, CD34+CD117+, and CD34-CD117+) for predicting FLT3-NPM1+ or FLT3+NPM1+. CONCLUSION The value of immunophenotypes as surrogate markers for mutational status in AML seems limited when employing CD123 and CLEC12A in combination with CD34 and CD117. Defining relevant cutoffs for given markers is challenging and hampered by variation between laboratories and patient groups.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Area Under Curve
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Nucleophosmin
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism
- ROC Curve
- Receptors, Mitogen/genetics
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Line Nederby
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Froberg Brøndum
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maria Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hokland
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anne Stidsholt Roug
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark,
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28
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Dang L, Wang Y, Shi C, Liao M, Sun Z, Fang S. A Potential Tumor Suppressor Gene Named miR-508-5p Inhibited the Proliferation and Invasion of Human Melanoma Cells by Targeting KIT. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820951801. [PMID: 33000689 PMCID: PMC7533916 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820951801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the main death cause of human skin cancer. Increasing evidences demonstrate that microRNAs act as key roles in mediating tumor occurrence and progression. MiR-508-5p has proved to participate in the development of various types of human malignancies. However, the role of miR-508-5p in melanoma remained unclear. In in vitro study, miR-508-5p level in peripheral blood samples of patients with melanoma and human melanoma A375 cells was downregulated compared to that in normal peripheral blood samples or normal human epidermal melanocytes (MHEM). MiR-508-5p overexpression significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in A375 cells, and thus inhibiting KIT expression at both gene and protein levels. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed miR-508-5p reduced cell proliferation by targeting KIT to modulate RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Taken together, we speculated that miR-508-5p functioned as an important suppressor in human melanoma by targeting KIT, suggesting miR-508-5p might be a promising tumor suppressor gene for further target therapies from bench to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cuiping Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengsi Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaojun Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sining Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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29
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Wu W, Xu N, Zhou X, Liu L, Tan Y, Luo J, Huang J, Qin J, Wang J, Li Z, Yin C, Zhou L, Liu X. Integrative Genomic Analysis Reveals Cancer-Associated Gene Mutations in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Resistance or Intolerance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8581-8591. [PMID: 32943879 PMCID: PMC7468532 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While the acquisition of mutations in the ABL1 kinase domain (KD) has been identified as a common mechanism behind tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance, recent genetic studies have revealed that patients with TKI resistance or intolerance frequently harbor one or more genetic alterations implicated in myeloid malignancies. This suggests that additional mutations other than ABL1 KD mutations might contribute to disease progression. Methods We performed targeted-capture sequencing of 127 known and putative cancer-related genes of 63 patients with CML using next-generation sequencing (NGS), including 42 patients with TKI resistance and 21 with TKI intolerance. Results The differences in the number of mutations between groups had no statistical significance. This could be explained in part by not all of the patients having achieved major molecular remission in the early period as expected. Overall, 66 mutations were identified in 96.8% of the patients, most frequently in the KTM2C (31.82%), ABL1 (31.82%), FAT1 (25.76%), and ASXL1 (22.73%) genes. CUX1, KIT, and GATA2 were associated with TKI intolerance, and two of them (CUX1, GATA2) are transcription factors in which mutations were identified in 82.61% of patients with TKI intolerance. ASXL1 mutations were found more frequently in patients with ABL1 KD mutations (38.1% vs 15.21%, P=0.041). Although the number of mutations was low, pairwise interaction between mutated genes showed that ABL1 KD mutations cooccurred with SH2B3 mutations (P<0.05). In Kaplan-Meier analyses, only TET2 mutations were associated with shorter progression-free survival (P=0.026). Conclusion Our data suggested that the CUX1, KIT, and GATA2 genes may play important roles in TKI intolerance. ASXL1 and TET2 mutations may be associated with poor patient prognosis. NGS helps improving the clinical risk stratification, which enables the identification of patients with TKI resistance or intolerance in the era of TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waner Wu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Tan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University, Shaoguan 512025, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Qin
- Yiwu Cancer Research Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yiwu Cancer Research Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Yiwu Cancer Research Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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KIT pathway upregulation predicts dasatinib efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:2780-2784. [PMID: 32678289 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Targeting Actomyosin Contractility Suppresses Malignant Phenotypes of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103460. [PMID: 32422910 PMCID: PMC7279019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin-mediated contractility is required for the majority of force-driven cellular events such as cell division, adhesion, and migration. Under pathological conditions, the role of actomyosin contractility in malignant phenotypes of various solid tumors has been extensively discussed, but the pathophysiological relevance in hematopoietic malignancies has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we found enhanced actomyosin contractility in diverse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines represented by highly expressed non-muscle myosin heavy chain A (NMIIA) and increased phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of actomyosin contractility induced multivalent malignancy- suppressive effects in AML cells. In this context, perturbed actomyosin contractility enhances AML cell apoptosis through cytokinesis failure and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Moreover, leukemic oncogenes were downregulated by the YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanotransduction pathway. Our results provide a theoretical background for targeting actomyosin contractility to suppress the malignancy of AML cells.
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32
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Scalable Prediction of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using High-Dimensional Machine Learning and Blood Transcriptomics. iScience 2019; 23:100780. [PMID: 31918046 PMCID: PMC6992905 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe, mostly fatal hematopoietic malignancy. We were interested in whether transcriptomic-based machine learning could predict AML status without requiring expert input. Using 12,029 samples from 105 different studies, we present a large-scale study of machine learning-based prediction of AML in which we address key questions relating to the combination of machine learning and transcriptomics and their practical use. We find data-driven, high-dimensional approaches—in which multivariate signatures are learned directly from genome-wide data with no prior knowledge—to be accurate and robust. Importantly, these approaches are highly scalable with low marginal cost, essentially matching human expert annotation in a near-automated workflow. Our results support the notion that transcriptomics combined with machine learning could be used as part of an integrated -omics approach wherein risk prediction, differential diagnosis, and subclassification of AML are achieved by genomics while diagnosis could be assisted by transcriptomic-based machine learning. Study presents one of the largest transcriptomics datasets to date for AML prediction Effective classifiers can be obtained by high-dimensional machine learning Accuracy increases with dataset size Includes challenging scenarios such as cross-study and cross-technology
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Zhang A, Chen X, Li Z, Ruan M, Zhang Y, Zhu X. Acute myeloid leukemia arising after Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with WHIM syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27951. [PMID: 31368255 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanqi Li
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Ruan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - YingChi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Lebedev TD, Vagapova ER, Popenko VI, Leonova OG, Spirin PV, Prassolov VS. Two Receptors, Two Isoforms, Two Cancers: Comprehensive Analysis of KIT and TrkA Expression in Neuroblastoma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1046. [PMID: 31681584 PMCID: PMC6813278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancers represent a wide variety of different tumors, though they have unique features that distinguish them from adult cancers. Receptor tyrosine kinases KIT and TrkA functions in AML and NB, respectively, are well-characterized. Though expression of these receptors is found in both tumors, little is known about KIT function in NB and TrkA in AML. By combining gene enrichment analysis with multidimensional scaling we showed that pediatric AMLs with t(8;21) or inv16 and high KIT expression levels stand out from other AML subtypes as they share prominent transcriptomic features exclusively with KIT-overexpressing NBs. We showed that AML cell lines had a predominant expression of an alternative TrkAIII isoform, which reportedly has oncogenic features, while NB cell lines had dominating TrkAI-II isoforms. NB cells, on the other hand, had an abnormal ratio of KIT isoforms as opposed to AML cells. Both SCF and NGF exerted protective action against doxorubicin and cytarabine for t(8;21) AML and NB cells. We identified several gene sets both unique and common for pediatric AML and NB, and this expression is associated with KIT or TrkA levels. NMU, DUSP4, RET, SUSD5, NOS1, and GABRA5 genes are differentially expressed in NBs with high KIT expression and are associated with poor survival in NB. We identified HOXA10, BAG3, and MARCKS genes that are connected with TrkA expression and are marker genes of poor outcome in AML. We also report that SLC18A2, PLXNC1, and MRPL33 gene expression is associated with TrkA or KIT expression levels in both AML and NB, and these genes have a prognostic value for both cancers. Thus, we have provided a comprehensive characterization of TrkA and KIT expression along with the oncogenic signatures of these genes across two pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey D Lebedev
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elmira R Vagapova
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Popenko
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga G Leonova
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
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35
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Yiau SKX, Lee C, Mohd Tohit ER, Chang KM, Abdullah M. Potential CD34 signaling through phosphorylated-BAD in chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:276-282. [PMID: 31509041 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1660899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) constitutively express growth factors and cytokines for survival. Chemotherapy alters these signals to induce cell death. However, drug resistance in AML remains a major hindrance to successful treatment and early warning is unavailable. Modulation of signaling pathways during chemotherapy may provide a window to detect response and predict treatment outcome. Blood samples collected from AML patients before and at day-3 of induction therapy were compared for changes in expression of CD117, CD34, pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators of Akt and MAPK pathways, using multi-color flow cytometry. Nine patients were diagnosed as drug-resistant and seven sensitive to chemotherapy. Twelve were paired. Average percentages of CD34 (66.8 ± 11.7% vs. 26.2 ± 5.8%, p = 0.033) and pBAD (66.9 ± 8.2% vs. 28.9 ± 8.2%, p = 0.016) were significantly increased in chemo-resistant (N = 9) compared to chemo-sensitive (N = 5) samples. Percentages of CD34 were strongly correlated with pBAD (R = 0.785; p = 0.001; N = 14) and pFKHR (R = 0.755; p = 0.002; N = 14) at day-3 induction. Chemo-sensitive cases expressed significantly higher percentages of IL-18Rα (71.9 ± 9.6% vs. 29.8 ± 5.8%, p = 0.016). Though not significantly different in the outcome, IL-1β was strongly associated with activated Akt-S473, IL-6 with phosphorylated JNK and FKHR while TNF-α appeared to trigger Bim, in treated samples. These preliminary results suggested AML cells resistant to chemotherapy increased expression of CD34 and may signal through pBAD while cells sensitive to chemotherapy-induced IL18Rα expression. These were observed early during induction therapy. Identifying CD34 is interesting as it is a convenient marker to monitor drug-resistance in AML patients. Inhibition of CD34 and pBAD signaling may be important in treating drug-resistant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephnie Kang-Xian Yiau
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - CinDee Lee
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Kian Meng Chang
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara , Ampang , Malaysia
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
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36
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Targeting Tyrosine Kinases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Why, Who and How? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143429. [PMID: 31336846 PMCID: PMC6679203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid malignancy carrying a heterogeneous molecular panel of mutations participating in the blockade of differentiation and the increased proliferation of myeloid hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The historical "3 + 7" treatment (cytarabine and daunorubicin) is currently challenged by new therapeutic strategies, including drugs depending on the molecular landscape of AML. This panel of mutations makes it possible to combine some of these new treatments with conventional chemotherapy. For example, the FLT3 receptor is overexpressed or mutated in 80% or 30% of AML, respectively. Such anomalies have led to the development of targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this review, we document the history of TKI targeting, FLT3 and several other tyrosine kinases involved in dysregulated signaling pathways.
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Tarlock K, Alonzo TA, Wang YC, Gerbing RB, Ries R, Loken MR, Pardo L, Hylkema T, Joaquin J, Sarukkai L, Raimondi SC, Hirsch B, Sung L, Aplenc R, Bernstein I, Gamis AS, Meshinchi S, Pollard JA. Functional Properties of KIT Mutations Are Associated with Differential Clinical Outcomes and Response to Targeted Therapeutics in CBF Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5038-5048. [PMID: 31182436 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE KIT mutations (KIT +) are common in core binding factor (CBF) AML and have been associated with varying prognostic significance. We sought to define the functional and clinical significance of distinct KIT mutations in CBF pediatric AML. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Following transfection of exon 17 (E17) and exon 8 (E8) mutations into HEK293 and Ba/F3 cells, KIT phosphorylation, cytokine-independent growth, and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were evaluated. Clinical outcomes of patients treated on COG AAML0531 (NCT01407757), a phase III study of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), were analyzed according to mutation status [KIT + vs. wild-type KIT (KIT -)] and mutation location (E8 vs. E17). RESULTS KIT mutations were detected in 63 of 205 patients (31%); 22 (35%) involved only E8, 32 (51%) only E17, 6 (10%) both exons, and 3 (5%) alternative exons. Functional studies demonstrated that E17, but not E8, mutations result in aberrant KIT phosphorylation and growth. TKI exposure significantly affected growth of E17, but not E8, transfected cells. Patients with KIT + CBF AML had overall survival similar to those with KIT - (78% vs. 81%, P = 0.905) but higher relapse rates (RR = 43% vs. 21%; P = 0.005). E17 KIT + outcomes were inferior to KIT - patients [disease-free survival (DFS), 51% vs. 73%, P = 0.027; RR = 21% vs. 46%, P = 0.007)], although gemtuzumab ozogamicin abrogated this negative prognostic impact. E8 mutations lacked significant prognostic effect, and GO failed to significantly improve outcome. CONCLUSIONS E17 mutations affect prognosis in CBF AML, as well as response to GO and TKIs; thus, clinical trials using both agents should be considered for KIT + patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Tarlock
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Todd A Alonzo
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California
| | | | | | - Rhonda Ries
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Tiffany Hylkema
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason Joaquin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Leela Sarukkai
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Betsy Hirsch
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lillian Sung
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Aplenc
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irwin Bernstein
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alan S Gamis
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jessica A Pollard
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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38
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Heo SK, Noh EK, Jeong YK, Ju LJ, Sung JY, Yu HM, Cheon J, Koh S, Min YJ, Choi Y, Jo JC. Radotinib inhibits mitosis entry in acute myeloid leukemia cells via suppression of Aurora kinase A expression. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319848612. [PMID: 31074363 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319848612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases play critical roles in regulating several processes pivotal for mitosis. Radotinib, which is approved in South Korea as a second-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, inhibits the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. However, the effects of radotinib on Aurora kinase expression in acute myeloid leukemia are not well studied. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity of acute myeloid leukemia cells was increased by radotinib treatment. Radotinib significantly decreased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1, the key regulators of G2/M phase, and inhibited the expression of Aurora kinase A and Aurora kinase B in acute myeloid leukemia cells. In addition, radotinib decreased the expression and binding between p-Aurora kinase A and TPX2, which are required for spindle assembly. Furthermore, it reduced Aurora kinase A and polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylation and suppressed the expression of α-, β-, and γ-tubulin in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Furthermore, radotinib significantly suppressed the key regulators of G2/M phase including cyclin B1 and Aurora kinase A in a xenograft animal model. Therefore, our results suggest that radotinib can abrogate acute myeloid leukemia cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and may serve as a candidate agent or a chemosensitizer for treating acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- 1 Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- 2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kyung Jeong
- 1 Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Jeong Ju
- 1 Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Sung
- 1 Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Yu
- 1 Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- 2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJin Koh
- 2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- 2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- 1 Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- 1 Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Mahameed M, Wilhelm T, Darawshi O, Obiedat A, Tommy WS, Chintha C, Schubert T, Samali A, Chevet E, Eriksson LA, Huber M, Tirosh B. The unfolded protein response modulators GSK2606414 and KIRA6 are potent KIT inhibitors. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:300. [PMID: 30931942 PMCID: PMC6443726 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 are the three transducers of the mammalian canonical unfolded protein response (UPR). GSK2606414 is a potent inhibitor of PERK, while KIRA6 inhibits the kinase activity of IRE1. Both molecules are frequently used to probe the biological roles of the UPR in mammalian cells. In a direct binding assay, GSK2606414 bound to the cytoplasmic domain of KIT with dissociation constants (Kd) value of 664 ± 294 nM whereas KIRA6 showed a Kd value of 10.8 ± 2.9 µM. In silico docking studies confirmed a compact interaction of GSK2606414 and KIRA6 with KIT ATP binding pocket. In cultured cells, GSK2606414 inhibited KIT tyrosine kinase activity at nanomolar concentrations and in a PERK-independent manner. Moreover, in contrast to other KIT inhibitors, GSK2606414 enhanced KIT endocytosis and its lysosomal degradation. Although KIRA6 also inhibited KIT at nanomolar concentrations, it did not prompt KIT degradation, and rescued KIT from GSK2606414-mediated degradation. Consistent with KIT inhibition, nanomolar concentrations of GSK2606414 and KIRA6 were sufficient to induce cell death in a KIT signaling-dependent mast cell leukemia cell line. Our data show for the first time that KIT is a shared target for two seemingly unrelated UPR inhibitors at concentrations that overlap with PERK and IRE1 inhibition. Furthermore, these data underscore discrepancies between in vitro binding measurements of kinase inhibitors and inhibition of the tyrosine kinase receptors in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahameed
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas Wilhelm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Odai Darawshi
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Akram Obiedat
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Weiss-Sadan Tommy
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chetan Chintha
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | | | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göthenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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40
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Cioccio J, Claxton D. Therapy of acute myeloid leukemia: therapeutic targeting of tyrosine kinases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:337-349. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1584610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cioccio
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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41
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The Importance of the Right Framework: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway and the Scaffolding Protein PTPIP51. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103282. [PMID: 30360441 PMCID: PMC6213971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) regulates and interconnects signaling pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and an abundance of different others, e.g., Akt signaling, NF-κB signaling, and the communication between different cell organelles. PTPIP51 acts as a scaffold protein for signaling proteins, e.g., Raf-1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), as well as for other scaffold proteins, e.g., 14-3-3 proteins. These interactions are governed by the phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues of PTPIP51. The phosphorylation status is finely tuned by receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, Her2), non-receptor tyrosine kinases (c-Src) and the phosphatase protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). This review addresses various diseases which display at least one alteration in these enzymes regulating PTPIP51-interactions. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge of the MAPK-related interactome of PTPIP51 for several tumor entities and metabolic disorders.
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42
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Chan WY, Lau PM, Yeung KW, Kong SK. The second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib induced eryptosis in human erythrocytes-An in vitro study. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:10-21. [PMID: 29803841 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dasatinib, a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used clinically to kill chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia through apoptosis. Obviously, anemia is developed in many patients receiving dasatinib for treatment. Until now, the mechanism for the cytotoxic effects of dasatinib in human erythrocytes is not fully understood. As many tyrosine kinases are found in human erythrocytes, it is therefore logical to hypothesize that dasatinib is able to induce apoptosis (or eryptosis) in human erythrocytes. True to our expectation, dasatinib inhibited tyrosine kinase and induced eryptosis in human erythrocytes with early denature of esterase, cell shrinkage, loss of membrane integrity with inside-out phosphatidylserine, increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration ([Ca2+]i), caspase-3 activation and change in cellular redox state. Mechanistically, the rise of [Ca2+]i seems to be a key mediator in the dasatinib-mediated eryptosis because depletion of external Ca2+ could suppress the eryptotic effects. Also, dasatinib was able to reduce membrane fluidity in human RBCs. For the direct action on membrane, dasatinib permeabilized RBC ghosts in a way similar to digitonin. Taken together, we report here for the first time that dasatinib inhibited tyrosine kinase and induced eryptosis in human erythrocytes through Ca2+ loading and membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yin Chan
- Programme of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Pui Man Lau
- Programme of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Wing Yeung
- Programme of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Kai Kong
- Programme of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
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43
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Taximaimaiti R, Abudujilile D, Maihemuti M, Abuliken X, Abudulimu H. Expression of AMHR2 and C-KIT in cervical lesions in Uyghur Women of Xinjiang, China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10793. [PMID: 29851788 PMCID: PMC6393133 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2 (AMHR2) and C-Kit were two members of protein kinase which were reported increased in some cancers like ovarian carcinoma and breast cancer. The present study aimed to assess the expression of AMHR2 and c-Kit in cervical cancer of different differentiated degrees as well as in cervicitis sections. METHODS All the lesions were collected randomly during clinical observations in hospitals located in Xinjiang, China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect AMHR2 and c-Kit expression in cervical samples from women who had been infected with human papilloma virus (HPV)16. The expression rate was compared between cervical cancer of well, moderately and poorly differentiated and cervicitis. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 45 years; ranged from 23 to 80. For AMHR2, all 17 cervicitis samples ranged from (++) to (++++), while cervical cancer showed 11 (+), 9 (++), 15 (+++),9 (++++), and 8 (-), which showed AMHR2 expression was lessen with the poorer of differentiation degree of cervical cancer (P < .05). For c-Kit, 18 cervicitis samples mainly expressed as (-) with none showed (+++) or (++++), while cervical cancer samples showed 7 (-), 6 (+), 1 (++), 2 (+++), and 8 (++++), which indicated c-Kit's expression increased with the reduction of cervical cancer's differentiation degree (P < .05). CONCLUSION AMHR2 might have some correlation with self defense of our body, while c-Kit might link with the potential invasive capacity of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyisha Taximaimaiti
- Seven-year Clinical Medicine of Class 2, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Dilinuer Abudujilile
- Seven-year Clinical Medicine of Class 2, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Muzhapaer Maihemuti
- Seven-year Clinical Medicine of Class 2, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Xiekelai Abuliken
- Seven-year Clinical Medicine of Class 2, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
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