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Faienza MF, Urbano F, Anaclerio F, Moscogiuri LA, Konstantinidou F, Stuppia L, Gatta V. Exploring Maternal Diet-Epigenetic-Gut Microbiome Crosstalk as an Intervention Strategy to Counter Early Obesity Programming. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4358-4378. [PMID: 38785533 PMCID: PMC11119222 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in a mother's metabolism and endocrine system, due to unbalanced nutrition, may increase the risk of both metabolic and non-metabolic disorders in the offspring's childhood and adulthood. The risk of obesity in the offspring can be determined by the interplay between maternal nutrition and lifestyle, intrauterine environment, epigenetic modifications, and early postnatal factors. Several studies have indicated that the fetal bowel begins to colonize before birth and that, during birth and nursing, the gut microbiota continues to change. The mother's gut microbiota is primarily transferred to the fetus through maternal nutrition and the environment. In this way, it is able to impact the establishment of the early fetal and neonatal microbiome, resulting in epigenetic signatures that can possibly predispose the offspring to the development of obesity in later life. However, antioxidants and exercise in the mother have been shown to improve the offspring's metabolism, with improvements in leptin, triglycerides, adiponectin, and insulin resistance, as well as in the fetal birth weight through epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, in this extensive literature review, we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal diet, epigenetics, and gut microbiota in order to expand on current knowledge and identify novel potential preventative strategies for lowering the risk of obesity in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavia Urbano
- Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.U.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Federico Anaclerio
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Omaña-Guzmán I, Ortiz-Hernández L, Ancira-Moreno M, Godines-Enriquez M, O'Neill M, Vadillo-Ortega F. Association between maternal cardiometabolic markers and fetal growth in non-complicated pregnancies: a secondary analysis of the PRINCESA cohort. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9096. [PMID: 38643289 PMCID: PMC11032337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of maternal cardiometabolic markers trajectories (glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) with estimated fetal weight trajectories and birth weight in Mexican pregnant women without medical complications. Cardiometabolic marker trajectories were characterized using group-based trajectory models. Mixed-effect and linear regression models were estimated to assess the association of maternal trajectories with estimated fetal weight and birth weight. The final sample comprised 606 mother-child dyads. Two trajectory groups of maternal cardiometabolic risk indicators during pregnancy were identified (high and low). Fetuses from women with higher values of TG had higher weight gain during pregnancy ( β ^ = 24.00 g; 95%CI: 12.9, 35.3), were heavier at the sixth month ( β ^ =48.24 g; 95%CI: 7.2, 89.7) and had higher birth weight ( β ^ = 89.08 g; 95%CI: 20.8, 157.4) than fetuses in the low values trajectory. Fetuses from mothers with high SBP and DBP had less weight in the sixth month of pregnancy ( β ^ = - 42.4 g; 95%CI: - 82.7, - 2.1 and β ^ = - 50.35 g; 95%CI: - 94.2, - 6.4), and a higher DBP trajectory was associated with lower birth weight ( β ^ = - 101.48 g; 95%CI: - 176.5, - 26.4). In conclusion, a longitudinal exposition to high values of TG and BP was associated with potentially adverse effects on fetal growth. These findings support the potential modulation of children's phenotype by maternal cardiometabolic conditions in pregnancies without medical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Omaña-Guzmán
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ortiz-Hernández
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marie O'Neill
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Cristian A, Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE. The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:416-425. [PMID: 37338777 PMCID: PMC10444661 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in many populations, hence the urgent need to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that exposure to suboptimal intrauterine environments can program foetal metabolic health, with adverse consequences in later life, including susceptibility to childhood obesity. FINDINGS Factors such as high and low foetal birth weight, excessive gestational-weight-gain, maternal stress and smoking are all associated with increased risk of childhood obesity in observational studies. Animal models, where both genetic background and the postnatal environment can be carefully controlled, suggest that several different mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, dysregulation of adipose tissue development and programming of appetite, may be key drivers of developmental programming of childhood obesity. However, the influence of genetics and the post-natal environment are much more difficult to disentangle as independent effects in human studies, which are also complicated by low follow-up rates. Suboptimal intrauterine environments interact with maternal and foetal genetics and with the postnatal environment to contribute to the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal metabolic challenges, for example obesity and insulin resistance, contribute to the risk of foetal overgrowth and subsequent adiposity in childhood. To protect the long-term health of populations, research focusing on effective means of identifying and intervening in the transgenerational cycle of childhood obesity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Cristian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Catherine E Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Zhao D, Liu D, Shi W, Shan L, Yue W, Qu P, Yin C, Mi Y. Association between Maternal Blood Glucose Levels during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2102. [PMID: 36767469 PMCID: PMC9915873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy and neonatal birth outcomes in Northwest China. METHODS This population-based cohort study included 10,010 first-trimester pregnant women who joined the birth cohort of the Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from July 2018 to July 2020. Basic demographic characteristics, lifestyle and behavior patterns were collected. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results during the second trimester and pregnancy outcomes after childbirth were also collected. A generalized linear model was constructed to analyze the effects of blood glucose levels on neonatal birth outcomes. RESULTS We found that every 1 mmol/L increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was associated with an increase in birth weight (β = 100.22 g, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 81.91, 118.52), birth weight Z score (β = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.27) and birth weight Z centile (β = 6.72%, 95%CI: 5.51, 7.94). Moreover, the risk of macrosomia, premature birth and being born large for gestational age (LGA) increased by 2.01 (95%CI: 1.67, 2.43), 1.35 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.66) and 1.80 (95%CI: 1.57, 2.07) times, respectively. Additionally, for every 1 mmol/L increase in FPG associated with a decrease in gestational age (β = -0.12 weeks, 95%CI: -0.19, -0.06), the risk of SGA decreased by 0.70 (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.89) times. Every 1 mmol/L increase in 1/2-h PG had similar outcomes as FPG, besides premature birth and SGA. CONCLUSIONS Higher blood glucose in pregnant women may increase neonatal birth weight, decrease gestational age and lead to a higher risk of macrosomia, premature birth and LGA. Mothers should actively prevent and control hyperglycemia to promote maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Danmeng Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- The Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Li Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Pengfei Qu
- Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No. 1616 Yanxiang Road, Xi’an 710061, China
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Associations between KCNQ1 and ITIH4 gene polymorphisms and infant weight gain in early life. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1290-1295. [PMID: 34247200 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An earlier meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in Asian populations detected five novel body mass index-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1) (rs2237892), ALDH2/MYL2 (rs671, rs12229654), ITIH4 (rs2535633), and NT5C2 (rs11191580). Whether these SNPs take effect in early life, for example, affect infant rapid weight gain (RWG), is unclear. METHODS We obtained genomic DNA from 460 term infants with normal birth weight. RWG was defined as the change of weight-for-age standardized Z-score, calculated according to the Children Growth Standard released by the World Health Organization, from birth to 3 months of age >0.67. Using genetic models, associations between the candidate SNPs and infant RWG were examined, along with the interaction between the SNPs and the potential risk factors. RESULTS RWG was presented in 225 of 460 infants. SNP rs2535633 and rs2237892 were associated with the risk of RWG. Both additive and multiplicative interaction effects were found between infant delivery mode and rs2237892. The negative association between the rs2237892 T allele and infant RWG was only observed in vaginally delivered infants. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-related loci rs2535633 and rs2237892 are associated with infant RWG in the first 3 months of infancy. The relationship between rs2237892 and infant RGW might be moderated by cesarean delivery. IMPACT Genetic predisposition is an essential aspect to understand infant weight gain. Obesity-related SNPs, rs2535633 and rs2237892, are associated with RWG in very early years of life. The negative association between rs2237892 T allele and RWG is only observed in infants delivered vaginally instead of cesarean section.
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Chen YL, Han LL, Shi XL, Su WJ, Liu W, Wang LY, Huang PY, Lin MZ, Song HQ, Li XJ. Adverse pregnancy outcomes on the risk of overweight offspring: a population-based retrospective study in Xiamen, China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1549. [PMID: 32005877 PMCID: PMC6994466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth trajectory of Chinese preschoolers still remains unclear. Our objective was to determine whether there was an association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and overweight offspring. We analyzed population-based retrospective cohort data from the Medical Birth Registry of Xiamen, which comprised 33,157 children examined from 1 to 6 years of age. Longitudinal analyses were used to evaluate the growth trajectories of offspring body mass index (BMI). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effects of two adverse pregnancy outcomes, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and being large-for-gestational age (LGA), on childhood overweight. Offspring of mothers with GDM and LGA has a higher annual BMI z-score from 1 to 6 years of age (all P < 0.05). But, a higher annual BMI z-score was only observed in children aged 1-5 years in models 1-3. Overall BMI z-score of offspring aged 1-6 who were born to mothers with GDM and LGA were also higher in models 1-3 (all P < 0.05). Additionally, offspring of mothers with GDM and LGA had a higher risk for overweight in model 1, from 1 to 6 years of age (odds ratio (OR), 1.814; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.657-1.985; P < 0.0001). However, this association was attenuated after adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR, 1.270; 95% CI, 0.961-1.679; P = 0.0930). Offspring of mothers with GDM and LGA had a higher BMI z-score and increased risk for overweight. Indeed, intrauterine exposure to maternal GDM and LGA could bias offspring to overweight, whereas maternal pre-pregnancy BMI may play a key role in offspring overweight for children born to mothers with GDM and LGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Han
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Juan Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pei-Ying Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hai-Qu Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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