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Zhang Y, Shen B, Wu T, Zhao J, Jing JC, Wang P, Sasaki-Capela K, Dunphy WG, Garrett D, Maslov K, Wang W, Wang LV. Ultrafast and hypersensitive phase imaging of propagating internodal current flows in myelinated axons and electromagnetic pulses in dielectrics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5247. [PMID: 36068212 PMCID: PMC9448739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ultrafast phenomena in biology and physics are fundamental to our scientific understanding but have not yet been visualized owing to the extreme speed and sensitivity requirements in imaging modalities. Two examples are the propagation of passive current flows through myelinated axons and electromagnetic pulses through dielectrics, which are both key to information processing in living organisms and electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate differentially enhanced compressed ultrafast photography (Diff-CUP) to directly visualize propagations of passive current flows at approximately 100 m/s along internodes, i.e., continuous myelinated axons between nodes of Ranvier, from Xenopus laevis sciatic nerves and of electromagnetic pulses at approximately 5 × 107 m/s through lithium niobate. The spatiotemporal dynamics of both propagation processes are consistent with the results from computational models, demonstrating that Diff-CUP can span these two extreme timescales while maintaining high phase sensitivity. With its ultrahigh speed (picosecond resolution), high sensitivity, and noninvasiveness, Diff-CUP provides a powerful tool for investigating ultrafast biological and physical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Zhang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Binglin Shen
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Key Laboratory of Space Photoelectric Detection and Perception, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Jerry Zhao
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Joseph C Jing
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Kanomi Sasaki-Capela
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - William G Dunphy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - David Garrett
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Konstantin Maslov
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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Consoli F, Andreoli PL, Cipriani M, Cristofari G, De Angelis R, Di Giorgio G, Duvillaret L, Krása J, Neely D, Salvadori M, Scisciò M, Smith RA, Tikhonchuk VT. Sources and space-time distribution of the electromagnetic pulses in experiments on inertial confinement fusion and laser-plasma acceleration. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200022. [PMID: 33280560 PMCID: PMC7741013 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When high-energy and high-power lasers interact with matter, a significant part of the incoming laser energy is transformed into transient electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) in the range of radiofrequencies and microwaves. These fields can reach high intensities and can potentially represent a significative danger for the electronic devices placed near the interaction point. Thus, the comprehension of the origin of these electromagnetic fields and of their distribution is of primary importance for the safe operation of high-power and high-energy laser facilities, but also for the possible use of these high fields in several promising applications. A recognized main source of EMPs is the target positive charging caused by the fast-electron emission due to laser-plasma interactions. The fast charging induces high neutralization currents from the conductive walls of the vacuum chamber through the target holder. However, other mechanisms related to the laser-target interaction are also capable of generating intense electromagnetic fields. Several possible sources of EMPs are discussed here and compared for high-energy and high-intensity laser-matter interactions, typical for inertial confinement fusion and laser-plasma acceleration. The possible effects on the electromagnetic field distribution within the experimental chamber, due to particle beams and plasma emitted from the target, are also described. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Consoli
- ENEA, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - P L Andreoli
- ENEA, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - M Cipriani
- ENEA, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - G Cristofari
- ENEA, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - R De Angelis
- ENEA, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - G Di Giorgio
- ENEA, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - L Duvillaret
- Kapteos, Alpespace - bât. Cleanspace 354 voie Magellan 73800 Sainte-Hélène du Lac, France
| | - J Krása
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D Neely
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, STFC, UKRI, Oxfordshire, UK
- AWE plc, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG UK
| | - M Salvadori
- ENEA, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Roma, Italy
- Università d Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
- INRS-EMT, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - M Scisciò
- ENEA, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - R A Smith
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA 33405 Talence, France
- ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
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3
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Bisesto FG, Galletti M, Anania MP, Costa G, Ferrario M, Pompili R, Poyé A, Consoli F, Salvadori M, Cipriani M, Verona C, Zigler A. Ultrafast electron and proton bunches correlation in laser-solid matter experiments. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5575-5578. [PMID: 33001957 DOI: 10.1364/ol.402938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of an ultra-intense laser with a solid state target allows the production of multi-MeV proton and ion beams. This process is explained by the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) model, predicting the creation of an electric field on the target rear side, due to an unbalanced positive charge. This process is related to the emission of relativistic ultrafast electrons, occurring at an earlier time. In this work, we highlight the correlations between the ultrafast electron component and the protons by their simultaneous detection by means of an electro-optical sampling and a time-of-flight diagnostics, respectively, supported by numerical simulations showing an excellent agreement.
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Brantov AV, Kuratov AS, Aliev YM, Bychenkov VY. Ultrafast target charging due to polarization triggered by laser-accelerated electrons. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:021202. [PMID: 32942499 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.021202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A significant step has been made towards understanding the physics of the transient surface current triggered by ejected electrons during the interaction of a short intense laser pulse with a high-conductivity target. Unlike the commonly discussed hypothesis of neutralization current generation as a result of the fast loss of hot electrons to the vacuum, the proposed mechanism is associated with excitation of the fast current by electric polarization due to transition radiation triggered by ejected electrons. We present a corresponding theoretical model and compare it with two simulation models using the finite-difference time-domain and particle-in-cell methods. Distinctive features of the proposed theory are clearly manifested in both of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Brantov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - A S Kuratov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - Yu M Aliev
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V Yu Bychenkov
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow 127055, Russia
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