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Jiang Y, Zhuang X, Zhang J, Li M, Du S, Tian J, Yuan Y, Ji G, Hu C. Clinical characterization and proteomic profiling of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1171397. [PMID: 38034020 PMCID: PMC10687542 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1171397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has been historically associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but it can also occur in lean individuals. However, limited data is available on this special group. To investigate the clinical and proteomic characteristics of lean subjects with NAFLD, and to identify potential clinical variables and plasma proteins for diagnosing NAFLD in lean individuals, we collected clinical data from a large cohort of 2,236 subjects. Methods Diagnosis of NAFLD relied on detecting pronounced hepatic steatosis through abdominal ultrasonography. Participants were categorized into four groups based on body mass index: overweight NAFLD, overweight control, lean NAFLD, and lean control. Plasma proteomic profiling was performed on samples from 20 subjects in each group. The lean NAFLD group was compared to both lean healthy and obese NAFLD groups across all data. Results and discussion The results indicated that the lean NAFLD group exhibited intermediate metabolic profiles, falling between those of the lean healthy and overweight NAFLD groups. Proteomic profiling of plasma in lean subjects with or without NAFLD revealed 45 statistically significant changes in proteins, of which 37 showed high diagnostic value (AUC > 0.7) for lean NAFLD. These potential biomarkers primarily involved lipid metabolism, the immune and complement systems, and platelet degranulation. Furthermore, AFM, GSN, CFH, HGFAC, MMP2, and MMP9 have been previously associated with NAFLD or NAFLD-related factors such as liver damage, insulin resistance, metabolic syndromes, and extracellular homeostasis. Overall, lean individuals with NAFLD exhibit distinct clinical profiles compared to overweight individuals with NAFLD. Despite having worse metabolic profiles than their healthy counterparts, lean NAFLD patients generally experience milder systemic metabolic disturbances compared to obese NAFLD patients. Additionally, the plasma proteomic profile is significantly altered in lean NAFLD, highlighting the potential of differentially expressed proteins as valuable biomarkers or therapeutic targets for diagnosing and treating NAFLD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanye Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhuang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyun Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifu Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Siegel PM, Barta BA, Orlean L, Steenbuck ID, Cosenza-Contreras M, Wengenmayer T, Trummer G, Wolf D, Westermann D, Schilling O, Diehl P. The serum proteome of VA-ECMO patients changes over time and allows differentiation of survivors and non-survivors: an observational study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:319. [PMID: 37173738 PMCID: PMC10176307 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is applied in patients with refractory hemodynamic failure. Exposure of blood components to high shear stress and the large extracorporeal surfaces in the ECMO circuit trigger a complex inflammatory response syndrome and coagulopathy which are believed to worsen the already poor prognosis of these patients. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics allow a detailed characterization of the serum proteome as it provides the identity and concentration of large numbers of individual proteins at the same time. In this study, we aimed to characterize the serum proteome of patients receiving VA-ECMO. METHODS Serum samples were collected on day 1 and day 3 after initiation of VA-ECMO. Samples underwent immunoaffinity based depletion for the 14 most abundant serum proteins, in-solution digestion and PreOmics clean-up. A spectral library was built with multiple measurements of a master-mix sample using variable mass windows. Individual samples were measured in data independent acquisition (DIA) mode. Raw files were analyzed by DIA-neural network. Unique proteins were log transformed and quantile normalized. Differential expression analysis was conducted with the LIMMA-R package. ROAST was applied to generate gene ontology enrichment analyses. RESULTS Fourteen VA-ECMO patients and six healthy controls were recruited. Seven patients survived. Three hundred and fifty-one unique proteins were identified. One hundred and thirty-seven proteins were differentially expressed between VA-ECMO patients and controls. One hundred and forty-five proteins were differentially expressed on day 3 compared to day 1. Many of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in coagulation and the inflammatory response. The serum proteomes of survivors and non-survivors on day 3 differed from each other according to partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and 48 proteins were differentially expressed. Many of these proteins have also been ascribed to processes in coagulation and inflammation (e.g., Factor IX, Protein-C, Kallikrein, SERPINA10, SEMA4B, Complement C3, Complement Factor D and MASP-1). CONCLUSION The serum proteome of VA-ECMO patients displays major changes compared to controls and changes from day 1 until day 3. Many changes in the serum proteome are related to inflammation and coagulation. Survivors and non-survivors can be differentiated according to their serum proteomes using PLS-DA analysis on day 3. Our results build the basis for future studies using mass-spectrometry based serum proteomics as a tool to identify novel prognostic biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00011106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Malcolm Siegel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bálint András Barta
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Orlean
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ines Derya Steenbuck
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Cosenza-Contreras
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wengenmayer
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care (IMIT), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Thomas TA, Tirumale S. Comparative proteome profiling of fusarium chlamydosporum and elucidation of pigment biosynthetic pathway under nitrogen stress. J Proteomics 2023; 277:104851. [PMID: 36813111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to understand the protein expression of F. chlamydosporum in two different medium composition in varying concentrations of nitrogen. The interesting phenomenon of producing diverse pigments by a single strain in different concentrations of Nitrogen made us further to explore the difference in the protein expression of the fungus when grown in these two media. For this, we had adopted non-gel-based method of protein separation by LC-MS/MS analysis followed by label free identification of proteins by SWATH analysis. The molecular and biological functions of each protein and their Gene Ontology annotations were analyzed by UniProt KB and KEGG pathway; the secondary metabolite pathways and the carbohydrate metabolic pathways were analyzed by DAVID bioinformatics tool. The positively regulated proteins biologically functioned for the secondary metabolite production in optimized medium were Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (terpenoid backbone biosynthesis), Phytoene synthase (carotenoid biosynthesis), 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase (riboflavin biosynthesis). The main characteristic change observed was that proteins related to carotenoid biosynthesis and terpenoid synthesis were not regulated in nitrogen limited medium. Except for the protein 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase, all the enzymes related to fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide chain elongation were up regulated. Apart from the proteins related to secondary metabolite production, two novel proteins were found to be up regulated in Nitrogen Limited Medium; C-fem protein responsible for fungal pathogenesis and DAO domain containing protein which functions as a neuromodulator and catalyzes the synthesis of dopamine. SIGNIFICANCE: This particular strain of F. chlamydosporum of immense genetic and biochemical diversity represents an interesting example of a microorganism which can produce a variety of bioactive compounds and this can be exploited in various industries. The production of carotenoids and polyketides by this fungus when grown in the same media with different concentrations of Nitrogen has been published by us following which we analyzed the proteome sequence of the fungus in varying Nutrient conditions. Following the proteome analysis and expression, we could derive the pathway leading to the biosynthesis of varying secondary metabolites by the fungus which has not been published or studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy Anu Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Krupanidhi Degree College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sharmila Tirumale
- Department of Microbiology, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bengaluru, India.
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4
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Vialaret J, Vignon M, Badiou S, Baptista G, Fichter L, Dupuy AM, Maceski AM, Fayolle M, Brousse M, Cristol JP, Jeandel C, Hirtz C, Lehmann S. New Perspectives of Multiplex Mass Spectrometry Blood Protein Quantification on Microsamples in Biological Monitoring of Elderly Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086989. [PMID: 37108152 PMCID: PMC10139225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood microsampling combined with large panels of clinically relevant tests are of major interest for the development of home sampling and predictive medicine. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the practicality and medical utility of microsamples quantification using mass spectrometry (MS) in a clinical setting by comparing two types of microsamples for multiplex MS protein detection. In a clinical trial based on elderly population, we compared 2 µL of plasma to dried blood spot (DBS) with a clinical quantitative multiplex MS approach. The analysis of the microsamples allowed the quantification of 62 proteins with satisfactory analytical performances. A total of 48 proteins were significantly correlated between microsampling plasma and DBS (p < 0.0001). The quantification of 62 blood proteins allowed us to stratify patients according to their pathophysiological status. Apolipoproteins D and E were the best biomarker link to IADL (instrumental activities of daily living) score in microsampling plasma as well as in DBS. It is, thus, possible to detect multiple blood proteins from micro-samples in compliance with clinical requirements and this allows, for example, to monitor the nutritional or inflammatory status of patients. The implementation of this type of analysis opens new perspectives in the field of diagnosis, monitoring and risk assessment for personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Vialaret
- IRMB-PPC, INM, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Margaux Vignon
- IRMB-PPC, INM, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Badiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 191 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Gregory Baptista
- Centre de Gérontologie Clinique Antonin-Balmès, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Fichter
- IRMB-PPC, INM, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 191 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra Maleska Maceski
- IRMB-PPC, INM, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Fayolle
- IRMB-PPC, INM, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 191 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Mehdi Brousse
- IRMB-PPC, INM, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 191 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 191 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Jeandel
- Centre de Gérontologie Clinique Antonin-Balmès, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 39 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB-PPC, INM, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB-PPC, INM, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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5
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Henry M, Meleady P. Clinical Proteomics: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Purification Systems. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:255-269. [PMID: 37647003 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become a routine powerful technology in clinical proteomic studies for protein identification, protein characterization, and the discovery of biomarkers. In this chapter, we describe two protocol methods to analyze clinical patient samples using a resin-based depletion column followed by either protein In-Gel enzymatic digestion or protein In-Solution enzymatic digestion using a simple kit-based approach (i.e., using the PreOmics iST sample preparation kit), followed by analysis using one-dimensional reverse-phase chromatography (RPC) or high pH reversed-phase peptide fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
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6
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Välikangas T, Suomi T, Chandler CE, Scott AJ, Tran BQ, Ernst RK, Goodlett DR, Elo LL. Benchmarking tools for detecting longitudinal differential expression in proteomics data allows establishing a robust reproducibility optimization regression approach. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7877. [PMID: 36550114 PMCID: PMC9780321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative proteomics has matured into an established tool and longitudinal proteomics experiments have begun to emerge. However, no effective, simple-to-use differential expression method for longitudinal proteomics data has been released. Typically, such data is noisy, contains missing values, and has only few time points and biological replicates. To address this need, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of several existing differential expression methods for high-throughput longitudinal omics data and introduce a Robust longitudinal Differential Expression (RolDE) approach. The methods are evaluated using over 3000 semi-simulated spike-in proteomics datasets and three large experimental datasets. In the comparisons, RolDE performs overall best; it is most tolerant to missing values, displays good reproducibility and is the top method in ranking the results in a biologically meaningful way. Furthermore, RolDE is suitable for different types of data with typically unknown patterns in longitudinal expression and can be applied by non-experienced users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alison J Scott
- University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Bao Q Tran
- US Army 20th Support Command CBRNE Analytical and Remediation Activity, Baltimore, MD, 21010-5424, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - David R Goodlett
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 3E6, Canada
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Veettil TCP, Wood BR. A Combined Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Approach for the Detection and Quantification of Glycine in Human Serum. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22124528. [PMID: 35746311 PMCID: PMC9228712 DOI: 10.3390/s22124528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Serum is an important candidate in proteomics analysis as it potentially carries key markers on health status and disease progression. However, several important diagnostic markers found in the circulatory proteome and the low-molecular-weight (LMW) peptidome have become analytically challenging due to the high dynamic concentration range of the constituent protein/peptide species in serum. Herein, we propose a novel approach to improve the limit of detection (LoD) of LMW amino acids by combining mid-IR (MIR) and near-IR spectroscopic data using glycine as a model LMW analyte. This is the first example of near-IR spectroscopy applied to elucidate the detection limit of LMW components in serum; moreover, it is the first study of its kind to combine mid-infrared (25-2.5 μm) and near-infrared (2500-800 nm) to detect an analyte in serum. First, we evaluated the prediction model performance individually with MIR (ATR-FTIR) and NIR spectroscopic methods using partial least squares regression (PLS-R) analysis. The LoD was found to be 0.26 mg/mL with ATR spectroscopy and 0.22 mg/mL with NIR spectroscopy. Secondly, we examined the ability of combined spectral regions to enhance the detection limit of serum-based LMW amino acids. Supervised extended wavelength PLS-R resulted in a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) value of 0.303 mg/mL and R2 value of 0.999 over a concentration range of 0-50 mg/mL for glycine spiked in whole serum. The LoD improved to 0.17 mg/mL from 0.26 mg/mL. Thus, the combination of NIR and mid-IR spectroscopy can improve the limit of detection for an LMW compound in a complex serum matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulya Chakkumpulakkal Puthan Veettil
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies (CSCT), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Bayden R. Wood
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Mishra PP, Mishra BH, Lyytikäinen LP, Hilvo M, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Fotiadis DI, Raitakari OT, Laaksonen R, Lehtimäki T. Assessment of plasma ceramides as predictor for subclinical atherosclerosis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 45:25-31. [PMID: 36643994 PMCID: PMC9833256 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Ceramides have been identified as novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) related events and mortality but their role in etiology of subclinical atherosclerosis is unknown. We aimed to assess association between plasma ceramides and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and evaluate predictive value of the ceramides for high CIMT over traditional CVD risk factors. Methods Association between plasma ceramides and CIMT in the Young Finns Study participants was analyzed with CIMT as outcome and ceramides along with traditional risk factors as predictors with regression model. Predictive value of the ceramides and related coronary event risk test (CERT) score for high CIMT as surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by comparing logistic regression-based prediction models including, i) traditional risk factors and ceramides, ii) traditional risk factors and CERT score, iii) age, sex and ceramides or alternatively CERT score with a reference model including only traditional risk factors. The prediction models were fitted to training data (70% data) and tested on test data (30% data). The predictive models were assessed with area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). The variance of AUC was estimated by repeating the model fitting and testing for 1000 bootstraps of the original data. Results Predictive models with plasma ceramides or alternatively with CERT score in addition to age and sex variables were able to predict high CIMT with AUC 0.726 and 0.720 respectively. However, the ceramides and CERT score did not have statistically significant added predictive value for high CIMT over traditional risk factors. Conclusions The new systemic biomarkers, high-risk plasma ceramides and CERT score, showed promising predictive performance for high CIMT with only age and sex as additional variables. This may help in predicting subclinical atherosclerosis for primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashupati P. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland,Corresponding author. Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
| | - Binisha H. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Research, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku Finland
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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9
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Lind L, Gigante B, Borné Y, Feldreich T, Leppert J, Hedberg P, Östgren CJ, Nyström FH, Sundström J, Ärnlöv J, Baldassarre D, Tremoli E, Veglia F, Hamsten A, O'Donnell CJ, Franceschini N, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson J, Melander O, Engström G, Mälarstig A. Plasma Protein Profile of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerotic Outcomes: Meta-Analyses and Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1777-1788. [PMID: 33657885 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L., J.S.)
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (B.G., A.H., A.M.)
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (Y.B., M.O.-M., J.N., O.M., G.E.)
| | - Tobias Feldreich
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden (T.F., J.A.)
| | - Jerzy Leppert
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University (J.L., P.H.), Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Pär Hedberg
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University (J.L., P.H.), Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology (P.H.), Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden (C.J.O., F.H.N.).,Department of Medicine, Boston University, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Fredrik H Nyström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden (C.J.O., F.H.N.)
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.L., J.S.).,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (J.S.)
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden (T.F., J.A.)
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Damiano Baldassarre, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano (D.B.).,Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., E.T., F.V.)
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., E.T., F.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., E.T., F.V.)
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (B.G., A.H., A.M.)
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden (C.J.O., F.H.N.).,Department of Medicine, Boston University, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Caroline, Capel Hill (N.F.)
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (Y.B., M.O.-M., J.N., O.M., G.E.)
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (Y.B., M.O.-M., J.N., O.M., G.E.)
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (Y.B., M.O.-M., J.N., O.M., G.E.)
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (Y.B., M.O.-M., J.N., O.M., G.E.)
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden (B.G., A.H., A.M.)
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10
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Oggero S, de Gaetano M, Marcone S, Fitzsimons S, Pinto AL, Ikramova D, Barry M, Burke D, Montero-Melendez T, Cooper D, Burgoyne T, Belton O, Norling LV, Brennan EP, Godson C, Perretti M. Extracellular vesicles from monocyte/platelet aggregates modulate human atherosclerotic plaque reactivity. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:12084. [PMID: 33936566 PMCID: PMC8077084 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key players in different stages of atherosclerosis. Here we provide evidence that EVs released by mixed aggregates of monocytes and platelets in response to TNF‐α display pro‐inflammatory actions on endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaques. Tempering platelet activation with Iloprost, Aspirin or a P2Y12 inhibitor impacted quantity and phenotype of EV produced. Proteomics of EVs from cells activated with TNF‐α alone or in the presence of Iloprost revealed a distinct composition, with interesting hits like annexin‐A1 and gelsolin. When added to human atherosclerotic plaque explants, EVs from TNF‐α stimulated monocytes augmented release of cytokines. In contrast, EVs generated by TNF‐α together with Iloprost produced minimal plaque activation. Notably, patients with coronary artery disease that required percutaneous coronary intervention had elevated plasma numbers of monocyte, platelet as well as double positive EV subsets. In conclusion, EVs released following monocyte/platelet activation may play a potential role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Whereas attenuating platelet activation modifies EV composition released from monocyte/platelet aggregates, curbing their pro‐inflammatory actions may offer therapeutic avenues for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Oggero
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Simone Marcone
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Stephen Fitzsimons
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Dinara Ikramova
- School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Mary Barry
- Department of Vascular Surgery St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - David Burke
- Department of Vascular Surgery St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Trinidad Montero-Melendez
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London London UK
| | - Orina Belton
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Lucy V Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Eoin P Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
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11
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Fukuda S, Kita S, Miyashita K, Iioka M, Murai J, Nakamura T, Nishizawa H, Fujishima Y, Morinaga J, Oike Y, Maeda N, Shimomura I. Identification and Clinical Associations of 3 Forms of Circulating T-cadherin in Human Serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1333-1344. [PMID: 33539522 PMCID: PMC8063249 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT T-cadherin (T-cad) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cadherin that mediates adiponectin to induce exosome biogenesis and secretion, protect cardiovascular tissues, promote muscle regeneration, and stimulate therapeutic heart protection by transplanted mesenchymal stem cells. CDH13, the gene locus of T-cad, affects plasma adiponectin levels most strongly, in addition to affecting cardiovascular disease risk and glucose homeostasis. Recently, it has been suggested that T-cad exists in human serum, although the details are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To validate the existence of T-cad forms in human serum and investigate the association with clinical parameters of type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Using newly developed monoclonal antibodies against T-cad, pooled human serum was analyzed, and novel T-cad enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed. The serum T-cad concentrations of 183 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients were measured in a cross-sectional observational study. The main outcome measure was the existence of soluble T-cad in human serum. RESULTS There were 3 forms of soluble T-cad: a 130-kDa form with a prodomain, a 100-kDa mature form, and a 30-kDa prodomain in human serum. Using newly developed ELISAs to measure them simultaneously, we found that the 130-kDa form of T-cad positively correlated with plasma adiponectin (r = 0.28, P < .001), although a physiological interaction with adiponectin was not observed in serum. The unique 30-kDa prodomain was associated with several clinical parameters in diabetes patients. CONCLUSION We identified 3 novel forms of soluble T-cad. Their importance as disease markers and/or biomarkers of adiponectin function and the possible bioactivity of the respective molecules require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Fukuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: Shunbun Kita, PhD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan.
| | | | - Masahito Iioka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Murai
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakamura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Murphy PA, Jailkhani N, Nicholas SA, Del Rosario AM, Balsbaugh JL, Begum S, Kimble A, Hynes RO. Alternative Splicing of FN (Fibronectin) Regulates the Composition of the Arterial Wall Under Low Flow. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e18-e32. [PMID: 33207933 PMCID: PMC8428803 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure of the arterial endothelium to low and disturbed flow is a risk factor for the erosion and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and aneurysms. Circulating and locally produced proteins are known to contribute to an altered composition of the extracellular matrix at the site of lesions, and to contribute to inflammatory processes within the lesions. We have previously shown that alternative splicing of FN (fibronectin) protects against flow-induced hemorrhage. However, the impact of alternative splicing of FN on extracellular matrix composition remains unknown. Approach and Results: Here, we perform quantitative proteomic analysis of the matrisome of murine carotid arteries in mice deficient in the production of FN splice isoforms containing alternative exons EIIIA and EIIIB (FN-EIIIAB null) after exposure to low and disturbed flow in vivo. We also examine serum-derived and endothelial-cell contributions to the matrisome in a simplified in vitro system. We found flow-induced differences in the carotid artery matrisome that were impaired in FN-EIIIAB null mice. One of the most interesting differences was reduced recruitment of FBLN1 (fibulin-1), abundant in blood and not locally produced in the intima. This defect was validated in our in vitro assay, where FBLN1 recruitment from serum was impaired by the absence of these alternatively spliced segments. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the extent of the dynamic alterations in the matrisome in the acute response to low and disturbed flow and show how changes in the splicing of FN, a common response in vascular inflammation and remodeling, can affect matrix composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Murphy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Noor Jailkhani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | | | - Shahinoor Begum
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | | | - Richard O. Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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13
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Search for Reliable Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Carotid Plaque Vulnerability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218236. [PMID: 33153204 PMCID: PMC7662861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for 20% of ischemic strokes, and the plaques from the internal carotid artery the most frequently involved. Lipoproteins play a key role in carotid atherosclerosis since lipid accumulation contributes to plaque progression and chronic inflammation, both factors leading to plaque vulnerability. Carotid revascularization to prevent future vascular events is reasonable in some patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. However, the degree of stenosis alone is not sufficient to decide upon the best clinical management in some situations. In this context, it is essential to further characterize plaque vulnerability, according to specific characteristics (lipid-rich core, fibrous cap thinning, intraplaque hemorrhage). Although these features can be partly detected by imaging techniques, identifying carotid plaque vulnerability is still challenging. Therefore, the study of circulating biomarkers could provide adjunctive criteria to predict the risk of atherothrombotic stroke. In this regard, several molecules have been found altered, but reliable biomarkers have not been clearly established yet. The current review discusses the concept of vulnerable carotid plaque, and collects existing information about putative circulating biomarkers, being particularly focused on lipid-related and inflammatory molecules.
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14
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Lynch AM, Wagner BD, Palestine AG, Janjic N, Patnaik JL, Mathias MT, Siringo FS, Mandava N. Plasma Biomarkers of Reticular Pseudodrusen and the Risk of Progression to Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32974084 PMCID: PMC7488626 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine, using an aptamer-based technology in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD), (1) if there is a difference in plasma levels of 4979 proteins in patients with and without reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), and (2) if plasma levels of proteins are related to time to conversion to advanced AMD. Methods Patients with intermediate AMD and RPD were identified from an AMD registry. Relative concentrations of each protein were log (base 2) transformed and compared between patients with and without RPD using linear regression. A Cox proportional hazards survival model was fit to each aptamer to quantify associations with time to conversion. A pathway analysis was conducted in converters versus non-converters using the Reactome database. Results Of the 109 intermediate AMD patients, 39 had bilateral RPD (36%). Two proteins, TCL1A and CNDP1, were lower in patients in the intermediate AMD group with RPD. Twenty-one patients converted to advanced AMD with a median time to conversion of 25.2 months (range, 2.3-48.5 months) and median follow-up time in non-converters of 26.4 months (range, 0.03-49.7 months). Several proteins (lysozyme C, TFF3, RNAS6, and SAP3) distinguished patients who converted from those who did not convert to advanced AMD. The top conversion pathways included tumor necrosis factors bind their physiological receptors, digestion and absorption, signaling by activin, and signaling by TGF-β family members. Conclusions We identified a protein signature related to RPD, as well as to conversion to advanced AMD. The pathway analysis suggests that dysfunction of critical systemic pathways may have links to conversion to advanced AMD. Translational Relevance Biomarkers identified in plasma likely reflect systemic alterations in protein expression in patients with intermediate AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Lynch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alan G Palestine
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Patnaik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marc T Mathias
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frank S Siringo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Naresh Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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15
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Genkel VV, Shaposhnik II. Conceptualization of Heterogeneity of Chronic Diseases and Atherosclerosis as a Pathway to Precision Medicine: Endophenotype, Endotype, and Residual Cardiovascular Risk. Int J Chronic Dis 2020; 2020:5950813. [PMID: 32099839 PMCID: PMC7038435 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5950813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The article discusses modern approaches to the conceptualization of pathogenetic heterogeneity in various branches of medical science. The concepts of endophenotype, endotype, and residual cardiovascular risk and the scope of their application in internal medicine and cardiology are considered. Based on the latest results of studies of the genetic architecture of atherosclerosis, five endotypes of atherosclerosis have been proposed. Each of the presented endotypes represents one or another pathophysiological mechanism of atherogenesis, having an established genetic substrate, a characteristic panel of biomarkers, and a number of clinical features. Clinical implications and perspectives for the study of endotypes of atherosclerosis are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Genkel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South-Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Vorovskogo St. 64, 454092 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Igor I. Shaposhnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South-Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Vorovskogo St. 64, 454092 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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16
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Tang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Xiao Z, Luo Y, Guo X, Tao L, Lou Y, Xue W, Zhu F. Recent Technological Advances in the Mass Spectrometry-based Nanomedicine Studies: An Insight from Nanoproteomics. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1536-1553. [PMID: 31258068 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190618123306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience becomes one of the most cutting-edge research directions in recent years since it is gradually matured from basic to applied science. Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials (NMs) play important roles in various aspects of biomedicine science, and their influences on the environment have caused a whole range of uncertainties which require extensive attention. Due to the quantitative and dynamic information provided for human proteome, mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomic technique has been a powerful tool for nanomedicine study. In this article, recent trends of progress and development in the nanomedicine of proteomics were discussed from quantification techniques and publicly available resources or tools. First, a variety of popular protein quantification techniques including labeling and label-free strategies applied to nanomedicine studies are overviewed and systematically discussed. Then, numerous protein profiling tools for data processing and postbiological statistical analysis and publicly available data repositories for providing enrichment MS raw data information sources are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Runyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China
| | - Ziyu Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China
| | - Yongchao Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 401331, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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17
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Giri A, Hellwege JN, Keaton JM, Park J, Qiu C, Warren HR, Torstenson ES, Kovesdy CP, Sun YV, Wilson OD, Robinson-Cohen C, Roumie CL, Chung CP, Birdwell KA, Damrauer SM, DuVall SL, Klarin D, Cho K, Wang Y, Evangelou E, Cabrera CP, Wain LV, Shrestha R, Mautz BS, Akwo EA, Sargurupremraj M, Debette S, Boehnke M, Scott LJ, Luan J, Zhao JH, Willems SM, Thériault S, Shah N, Oldmeadow C, Almgren P, Li-Gao R, Verweij N, Boutin TS, Mangino M, Ntalla I, Feofanova E, Surendran P, Cook JP, Karthikeyan S, Lahrouchi N, Liu C, Sepúlveda N, Richardson TG, Kraja A, Amouyel P, Farrall M, Poulter NR, Laakso M, Zeggini E, Sever P, Scott RA, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Conen D, Palmer CNA, Attia J, Chasman DI, Ridker PM, Melander O, Mook-Kanamori DO, Harst PVD, Cucca F, Schlessinger D, Hayward C, Spector TD, Jarvelin MR, Hennig BJ, Timpson NJ, Wei WQ, Smith JC, Xu Y, Matheny ME, Siew EE, Lindgren C, Herzig KH, Dedoussis G, Denny JC, Psaty BM, Howson JMM, Munroe PB, Newton-Cheh C, Caulfield MJ, Elliott P, Gaziano JM, Concato J, Wilson PWF, Tsao PS, Velez Edwards DR, Susztak K, O'Donnell CJ, Hung AM, Edwards TL. Trans-ethnic association study of blood pressure determinants in over 750,000 individuals. Nat Genet 2019; 51:51-62. [PMID: 30578418 PMCID: PMC6365102 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this trans-ethnic multi-omic study, we reinterpret the genetic architecture of blood pressure to identify genes, tissues, phenomes and medication contexts of blood pressure homeostasis. We discovered 208 novel common blood pressure SNPs and 53 rare variants in genome-wide association studies of systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure in up to 776,078 participants from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and collaborating studies, with analysis of the blood pressure clinical phenome in MVP. Our transcriptome-wide association study detected 4,043 blood pressure associations with genetically predicted gene expression of 840 genes in 45 tissues, and mouse renal single-cell RNA sequencing identified upregulated blood pressure genes in kidney tubule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Giri
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jihwan Park
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chengxiang Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eric S Torstenson
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Otis D Wilson
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christianne L Roumie
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Health System, Veteran's Health Administration, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cecilia P Chung
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelly A Birdwell
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nashville Veteran Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott L DuVall
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- VA Boston Health Care System, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Rojesh Shrestha
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian S Mautz
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elvis A Akwo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nabi Shah
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thibaud S Boutin
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elena Feofanova
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Surendran
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Savita Karthikeyan
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Najim Lahrouchi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Aldi Kraja
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases (RID-AGE), University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France
| | - Martin Farrall
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil R Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Markku Laakso
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Neil Alexander Palmer
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Branwen J Hennig
- Wellcome Trust, London, UK
- MRC Unit The Gambia, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School (Population Health Sciences), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua C Smith
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yaomin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael E Matheny
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Health System, Veteran's Health Administration, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward E Siew
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Health System, Veteran's Health Administration, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Concato
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare, Section of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana M Hung
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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