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Adjaoud A, Marcolini B, Dieden R, Puchot L, Verge P. Deciphering the Self-Catalytic Mechanisms of Polymerization and Transesterification in Polybenzoxazine Vitrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13367-13376. [PMID: 38696347 PMCID: PMC11100009 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of internal catalysts has emerged as a pivotal design principle to facilitate dynamic exchanges within covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Polybenzoxazines, specifically, have shown considerable potential in generating vitrimers through thermally induced transesterification reactions catalyzed internally by tertiary amines. This study aims to investigate the chemical complexities of transesterification reactions within benzoxazine vitrimers. To achieve this, model molecules using various phenolic acids and amino-alcohol derivatives were synthesized as precursors. The structure of these model molecules was fully elucidated by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology experiments evidenced the accelerated network formation of the precursors due to the presence of aliphatic -OH groups. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with microcomputed gas chromatography (TGA-μGC) was used to provide evidence of transesterification reactions. The results showed that the spatial proximity between tertiary amine and hydroxyl groups significantly enhances the rate exchange, attributed to a neighboring group participation (NGP) effect. Interestingly, kinetic experiments using complementary NMR techniques revealed the thermal latency of the tertiary amine of benzoxazine toward transesterification reactions as its opening is needed to trigger the dynamic exchange. The study highlights the crucial role of steric hindrance and tertiary amine basicity in promoting the dynamic exchange in an internally catalyzed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Adjaoud
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
- University
of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue
de Université, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4365, Luxembourg
| | - Benoit Marcolini
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Reiner Dieden
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Laura Puchot
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Verge
- Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4362, Luxembourg
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2
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Tadge T, Garje S, Saxena V, Raichur AM. Application of Shape Memory and Self-Healable Polymers/Composites in the Biomedical Field: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32294-32310. [PMID: 37720748 PMCID: PMC10500588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory-assisted self-healing polymers have drawn attention over the past few years owing to their interdisciplinary and wide range of applications. Self-healing and shape memory are two approaches used to improve the applicability of polymers in the biomedical field. Combining both these approaches in a polymer composite opens new possibilities for its use in biomedical applications, such as the "close then heal" concept, which uses the shape memory capabilities of polymers to bring injured sections together to promote autonomous healing. This review focuses on using shape memory-assisted self-healing approaches along with their respective affecting factors for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, biomaterial-inks, and 4D printed scaffolds, soft actuators, wearable electronics, etc. In addition, quantification of self-healing and shape memory efficiency is also discussed. The challenges and prospects of these polymers for biomedical applications have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Varun Saxena
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashok M. Raichur
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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3
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Sriharshitha S, Krishnadevi K, Prasanna D. Vitrimers trigger covalent bonded bio-silica fused composite materials for recycling, reshaping, and self-healing applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26934-26944. [PMID: 36275168 PMCID: PMC9490535 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03794g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a recycling, reshaping, and self-healing strategy was followed for polybenzoxazine through S-S bond cleavage reformation in vitrimers, and the supramolecular interactions are described. The E-ap benzoxazine monomer was synthesized through the Mannich condensation reaction using a renewable eugenol, 3-amino-1-propanol and paraformaldehyde. Furthermore, the E-3ap monomer was reinforced with various weight percentages (5, 10, and 15 wt%) of the thiol-ene group. Various weight percentages of functionalized bio-silica (BS) were also copolymerized with E-3ap (10%-SH) to increase the thermal stability. The structure of the monomers was confirmed by NMR and FT-IR analysis and the thermal properties of the cured materials were analyzed by DSC and TGA. Tensile test was used to study the mechanical property of the poly(E-3ap-co-SH)/BS material. The film was characterized by SEM and optical microscopy to investigate the self-healing properties of the poly(E-3ap-co-thiol-ene)/BS. Moreover, photos and video clips show the self-healing ability of a test specimen. The vitrimer-based renewable polybenzoxazine material exhibits a good recycling, reshaping, and self-healing abilities, and thus is a prime candidate for several industrial and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salendra Sriharshitha
- Polymer Composites Lab, Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences & Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University) Guntur Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Krishnadevi
- Polymer Composites Lab, Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences & Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to Be University) Guntur Andhra Pradesh India
- Department of Chemistry, Vignan Degree & PG College Guntur Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Dakshinamoorthy Prasanna
- Department of Chemistry, Vignan's Nirula Institute of Technology and Science for Women Guntur Andhra Pradesh India
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Sriharshitha S, Krishnadevi K, Devaraju S, Prasanna D. Intrinsic approach of eco-friendly poly (benzoxazine-co-maleicanhydride) materials for self-healing applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Reprocessable Polybenzoxazine Thermosets with High T gs and Mechanical Strength Retentions Using Boronic Ester Bonds as Crosslinkages. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112234. [PMID: 35683905 PMCID: PMC9182748 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain reprocessable polybenzoxazine thermosets with high heat resistance and mechanical strength retentions, network structures without irreversible parts were constructed via crosslinking benzoxazine oligomers using boronic ester cross-linkers. Firstly, the benzoxazine monomer containing carbon–carbon double bonds was synthesized via the Mannich reaction. After thermal ring-opening polymerization, the benzoxazine oligomer containing carbon–carbon double bonds (OBZ) was yielded. Through the thiol-ene click reaction of the OBZ and dithiol cross-linker bearing boronic ester bonds, the polybenzoxazine thermosets using boronic ester bonds as crosslinkages (OBZ-BDB) were successfully synthesized. The structures of OBZ and OBZ-BDB were characterized by SEC, 1H NMR, and FT-IR measurements. Reprocessing experiments showed that OBZ-BDB has remarkable reprocessability. The retention rates of the tensile strengths through three generations of reprocessing were 98%, 95%, and 84%, respectively. Meanwhile, OBZ-BDB cross-linked by boronic ester bonds had brilliant thermal properties. The Tg of the original OBZ-BDB was 224 °C. With the increase of the reprocessing generations, the Tgs basically remained unchanged.
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6
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Ussama W, Shibata M. Self-healing polyester networks prepared from poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene itaconate) and thiol-terminated polyether containing disulfide linkages. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Gulyuz S, Yagci Y, Kiskan B. Exploiting the Reversible Covalent Bonding of Boronic Acids for Self-Healing/Recycling of Main-Chain Polybenzoxazines. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new strategy for the synthesis of self-healable/recyable polybenzoxazine networks under mild conditions, by exploiting dynamic B–O bond exchanges is presented. The process is based on mixing...
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Sriharshitha S, Krishnadevi K, Devaraju S, Srinivasadesikan V, Lee SL. Eco-Friendly Sustainable Poly(benzoxazine- co-urethane) with Room-Temperature-Assisted Self-Healing Based on Supramolecular Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33178-33185. [PMID: 33403279 PMCID: PMC7774256 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work is an attempt to develop bio-based eco-friendly poly(benzoxazine-co-urethane) [poly(U-co-CDL-aee)] materials using cardanol-based benzoxazines (CDL) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) to check their self-healing ability and thermal properties. CDL monomers were synthesized using cardanol, amino ethoxyethanol (aee) or 3-aminopropanol (3-ap), and paraformaldehyde through the Mannich reaction. Later, CDL-aee or CDL-3-ap monomers were copolymerized with a urethane precursor (HMDI), followed by ring-opening polymerization through thermal curing. The thermal properties of poly(U-co-CDL) were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The self-healing behavior of the bio-based poly(U-co-CDL) was checked by applying a mild external pressure. The results revealed that the developed poly(U-co-CDL) showed repeatable self-healing ability due to supramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. Further, the self-healing ability of poly(U-co-CDL) was studied using density functional theory (DFT). From the above results, the developed material with superior self-healing ability can be used in the form of self-healing coatings and composites for various applications with extended shelf-life and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salendra Sriharshitha
- Polymer
Composites Lab, Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences &
Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for
Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, 522 213 Guntur, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Krishnadevi
- Polymer
Composites Lab, Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences &
Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for
Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, 522 213 Guntur, India
| | - Subramani Devaraju
- Polymer
Composites Lab, Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences &
Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for
Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, 522 213 Guntur, India
| | - Venkatesan Srinivasadesikan
- Division
of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed
to be University), Vadlamudi, 522 213 Guntur, India
| | - Shyi-Long Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National
Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi 621, Taiwan
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He Y, Gao S, Jubsilp C, Rimdusit S, Lu Z. Reprocessable polybenzoxazine thermosets crosslinked by mussel-inspired catechol-Fe3+ coordination bonds. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Naveed M, Rabnawaz M, Khan A, Tuhin MO. Dual-Layer Approach toward Self-Healing and Self-Cleaning Polyurethane Thermosets. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1849. [PMID: 31717538 PMCID: PMC6918376 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for coatings that exhibit both self-healing as well as self-cleaning properties as they can be used for a wide range of applications. Herein we report a novel approach toward fabricating polyurethane thermosets possessing both self-cleaning and self-healing properties. The desired coating was achieved via casting a bottom layer of self-healable polyurethanes comprised of reversible phenolic urethane bonds followed by a subsequent dip-coating of the prepared layer in a solution of bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-NH2). The PDMS was used to impart self-cleaning properties to the coating. While the self-healing behavior of the bottom polyurethane layer is achieved through phenolic urethane chemistry, via the exchange of phenolic urethane moieties. The prepared coatings were tested for their optical, mechanical, self-healing, and self-cleaning properties using a variety of characterization methods, which confirmed the successful fabrication of novel self-cleaning and self-healing clear urethane coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Rabnawaz
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 448 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA; (M.N.); (A.K.); (M.O.T.)
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11
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Zhang L, Zhao Z, Dai Z, Xu L, Fu F, Endo T, Liu X. Unexpected Healability of an ortho-Blocked Polybenzoxazine Resin. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:506-511. [PMID: 35619376 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening polymerization of bifunctional benzoxazine has long been thought to produce a permanent network structure without reprocessing ability. Here, we demonstrate that surprising healability can be achieved by a controlled polymerization of an ortho-blocked bifunctional benzoxazine poly(oC-hda). The cured resin possesses a cross-linked structure, but can be deformed, remolded from crushed pieces or healed from mechanical damage. Based on a series of intensive experiments, we show that the healability can be explained by a dynamic bonding exchange mechanism between the phenoxy structures existing during the curing process. Moreover, we verify the possibility to heal the fatigue damaged poly(oC-hda) based composite to extend its service life. Our study provides another dynamic covalent bond to synthesize healable polymers, offering a broad platform for combining healability and desired thermosetting features together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher
Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher
Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zenghui Dai
- College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher
Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Linghui Xu
- College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher
Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Feiya Fu
- College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher
Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, Kayanomori, Iizuka 820-8555, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher
Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
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12
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Hao C, Liu T, Zhang S, Brown L, Li R, Xin J, Zhong T, Jiang L, Zhang J. A High-Lignin-Content, Removable, and Glycol-Assisted Repairable Coating Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1049-1058. [PMID: 30537221 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional thermoset coatings cannot be easily repaired and removed owing to their highly crosslinked structure. The investigation of repairable or removable coatings has been receiving extensive attention, but few reported coatings possess both features. In this work, a repairable and removable coating was developed through the curing of a modified Kraft lignin (L-COOH) with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEG-epoxy) in the presence of zinc catalyst. The L-COOH was prepared by functionalization of Kraft lignin with carboxylic acid groups. The cured material had a high lignin content (>47 wt %). At elevated temperatures (>140 °C), dynamic transesterification in the cured network was activated, which resulted in fast stress relaxation and imparted excellent repairability. If the vitrimer system was used as a coating for tin plates, it provided adequate hardness and adhesion properties. In addition, the lignin-PEG coating could be easily removed from the tin plate by using a mild (0.01-0.1 m) NaOH aqueous solution owing to the unique swelling ability of the coating in alkaline aqueous solution. With the assistance of ethylene glycol, this coating could achieve stress-free repairability in 15 min. This work demonstrates the first lignin-based repair- and removable epoxy coating based on vitrimer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hao
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Tuan Liu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Lucas Brown
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Ran Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Junna Xin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Tuhua Zhong
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Wang H, Wang P, Feng Y, Liu J, Wang J, Hu M, Wei J, Huang Y. Recent Advances on Self‐Healing Materials and Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuping Feng
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 310027 Singapore
| | - Yan Huang
- Centre of Flexible and Printable ElectronicsHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
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Akkus B, Kiskan B, Yagci Y. Combining polybenzoxazines and polybutadienes via simultaneous inverse and direct vulcanization for flexible and recyclable thermosets by polysulfide dynamic bonding. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous inverse and direct vulcanization of a benzoxazine and a polybutadiene gave recyclable films through dynamic S–S bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Akkus
- Istanbul Technical University
- Science and Literature Faculty
- Department of Chemistry
- Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Istanbul Technical University
- Science and Literature Faculty
- Department of Chemistry
- Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University
- Science and Literature Faculty
- Department of Chemistry
- Maslak
- Turkey
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