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Lewis Najev BS, Neiman M. Invasive freshwater snails are less sensitive to population density than native conspecifics. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11161. [PMID: 38774144 PMCID: PMC11106046 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how and why some species or lineages become invasive is critically important for effectively predicting and mitigating biological invasions. Here, we address an important unanswered question in invasion biology: do key life-history traits of invasive versus native lineages within a species differ in response to key environmental stressors? We focus on the environmental factor of population density, which is a fundamental characteristic of all populations, and investigate how changes in density affect native versus invasive Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mudsnail). P. antipodarum has invaded 39 countries and detrimentally affects invaded environments. Previous studies of native and invasive populations and from laboratory experiments have demonstrated that growth and reproduction of P. antipodarum is sensitive to population density, though whether and how this sensitivity varies across native versus invasive lineages remains uncharacterized. We quantified individual growth rate and reproduction in P. antipodarum from multiple distinct native and invasive lineages across three different population density treatments. The growth of native but not invasive lineages decreased as density increased. There was no differential effect of density treatment on embryo production of invasive versus native snails, but a significantly higher proportion of snails were reproductive in high density compared to intermediate density for invasive lineages. In native lineages, there were no significant differences in the relative frequency of reproductive snails across density treatments. While the extent to which these results from our laboratory study can be extrapolated to the more complex natural world remain unclear, our findings are consistent with a scenario where differential sensitivity to population density could help explain why some lineages become successful invaders. Our findings also align with previous studies that show that invasive P. antipodarum lineages exhibit a relatively wide range of tolerance to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of Gender, Women's and Sexuality StudiesUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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2
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Clontz LM, Yang A, Chinn SM, Pepin KM, VerCauteren KC, Wittemyer G, Miller RS, Beasley JC. Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3819-3829. [PMID: 37218996 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space-use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually. RESULTS We found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low-quality habitat. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low-quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far-reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Clontz
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anni Yang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sarah M Chinn
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kim M Pepin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt C VerCauteren
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - George Wittemyer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan S Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
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3
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Miller RS, Bevins SN, Cook G, Free R, Pepin KM, Gidlewski T, Brown VR. Adaptive risk-based targeted surveillance for foreign animal diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2329-e2340. [PMID: 35490290 PMCID: PMC9790623 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Animal disease surveillance is an important component of the national veterinary infrastructure to protect animal agriculture and facilitates identification of foreign animal disease (FAD) introduction. Once introduced, pathogens shared among domestic and wild animals are especially challenging to manage due to the complex ecology of spillover and spillback. Thus, early identification of FAD in wildlife is critical to minimize outbreak severity and potential impacts on animal agriculture as well as potential impacts on wildlife and biodiversity. As a result, national surveillance and monitoring programs that include wildlife are becoming increasingly common. Designing surveillance systems in wildlife or, more importantly, at the interface of wildlife and domestic animals, is especially challenging because of the frequent lack of ecological and epidemiological data for wildlife species and technical challenges associated with a lack of non-invasive methodologies. To meet the increasing need for targeted FAD surveillance and to address gaps in existing wildlife surveillance systems, we developed an adaptive risk-based targeted surveillance approach that accounts for risks in source and recipient host populations. The approach is flexible, accounts for changing disease risks through time, can be scaled from local to national extents and permits the inclusion of quantitative data or when information is limited to expert opinion. We apply this adaptive risk-based surveillance framework to prioritize areas for surveillance in wild pigs in the United States with the objective of early detection of three diseases: classical swine fever, African swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease. We discuss our surveillance framework, its application to wild pigs and discuss the utility of this framework for surveillance of other host species and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Veterinary ServicesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal HealthFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Sarah N. Bevins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Gericke Cook
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Veterinary ServicesCenter for Epidemiology and Animal HealthFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Ross Free
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Veterinary ServicesSwine Commodity HealthRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kim M. Pepin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Thomas Gidlewski
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Disease ProgramFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Vienna R. Brown
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife ServicesNational Feral Swine Damage Management ProgramFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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4
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Gutiérrez F, Peri JM, Baillès E, Sureda B, Gárriz M, Vall G, Cavero M, Mallorquí A, Ruiz Rodríguez J. A Double-Track Pathway to Fast Strategy in Humans and Its Personality Correlates. Front Psychol 2022; 13:889730. [PMID: 35756215 PMCID: PMC9218359 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast-slow paradigm of life history (LH) focuses on how individuals grow, mate, and reproduce at different paces. This paradigm can contribute substantially to the field of personality and individual differences provided that it is more strictly based on evolutionary biology than it has been so far. Our study tested the existence of a fast-slow continuum underlying indicators of reproductive effort-offspring output, age at first reproduction, number and stability of sexual partners-in 1,043 outpatients with healthy to severely disordered personalities. Two axes emerged reflecting a double-track pathway to fast strategy, based on restricted and unrestricted sociosexual strategies. When rotated, the fast-slow and sociosexuality axes turned out to be independent. Contrary to expectations, neither somatic effort-investment in status, material resources, social capital, and maintenance/survival-was aligned with reproductive effort, nor a clear tradeoff between current and future reproduction was evident. Finally, we examined the association of LH axes with seven high-order personality pathology traits: negative emotionality, impulsivity, antagonism, persistence-compulsivity, subordination, and psychoticism. Persistent and disinhibited subjects appeared as fast-restricted and fast-unrestricted strategists, respectively, whereas asocial subjects were slow strategists. Associations of LH traits with each other and with personality are far more complex than usually assumed in evolutionary psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gutiérrez
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Peri
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Baillès
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Sureda
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Gárriz
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vall
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, GSS-Hospital Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain.,Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Lleida, Spain
| | - Myriam Cavero
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mallorquí
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ruiz Rodríguez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Section, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Nydam ML, Stefaniak LM, Lambert G, Counts B, López-Legentil S. Dynamics of ascidian-invaded communities over time. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Krivak-Tetley FE, Sullivan-Stack J, Garnas JR, Zylstra KE, Höger LO, Lombardero MJ, Liebhold AM, Ayres MP. Demography of an invading forest insect reunited with hosts and parasitoids from its native range. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.72.75392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Sirex woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a widespread invasive pest of pines in the Southern Hemisphere, was first detected in North America in 2004. This study assessed the impacts of life history traits, host resistance and species interactions on the demography of S. noctilio in New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont, then compared key metrics to those found in the native range in Galicia, Spain. Many trees naturally attacked by S. noctilio in North America produced no adult woodwasps, with 5 of 38 infested trees (13%) sampled across six sites yielding 64% of emerging insects. Reproductive success was highest in the introduced host scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, but native red pine, Pinus resinosa, produced larger insects. Sirex noctilio required one or sometimes two years to develop and sex ratios were male biased, 1:2.98 ♀:♂. Body size and fecundity were highly variable, but generally lower than observed in non-native populations in the Southern Hemisphere. Hymenopteran parasitoids killed approximately 20% of S. noctilio larvae and 63% of emerging adults were colonized by the parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola, although no nematodes entered eggs. Demographic models suggested that S. noctilio in the northeastern USA have a higher potential for population growth than populations in the native range: estimated finite factor of increase, λ, was 4.17–4.52 (depending on tree species colonized), compared to λ = 1.57 in Spain.
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7
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Fargevieille A, Reedy AM, Kahrl AF, Mitchell TS, Durso AM, Delaney DM, Pearson PR, Cox RM, Warner DA. Propagule size and sex ratio influence colonisation dynamics after introduction of a non-native lizard. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:845-857. [PMID: 35114034 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The composition of founding populations plays an important role in colonisation dynamics and can influence population growth during early stages of biological invasion. Specifically, founding populations with small propagules (i.e., low number of founders) are vulnerable to the Allee effect and have reduced likelihood of establishment compared to those with large propagules. The founding sex ratio can also impact establishment via its influence on mating success and offspring production. Our goal was to test the effects of propagule size and sex ratio on offspring production and annual population growth following introductions of a non-native lizard species (Anolis sagrei). We manipulated propagule composition on nine small islands, then examined offspring production, population growth, and survival rate of founders and their descendants encompassing three generations. By the third reproductive season, per capita offspring production was higher on islands seeded with a relatively large propagule size, but population growth was not associated with propagule size. Propagule sex ratio did not affect offspring production, but populations with a female-biased propagule had positive growth, whereas those with a male-biased propagule had negative growth in the first year. Populations were not affected by propagule sex ratio in subsequent years, possibly due to rapid shifts towards balanced (or slightly female-biased) population sex ratios. Overall, we show that different components of population fitness have different responses to propagule size and sex ratio in ways that could affect early stages of biological invasion. Despite these effects, the short lifespan and high fecundity of A. sagrei likely helped small populations to overcome Allee effects and enabled all populations to successfully establish. Our rare experimental manipulation of propagule size and sex ratio can inform predictions of colonisation dynamics in response to different compositions of founding populations, which is critical in the context of population ecology and invasion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Fargevieille
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Aaron M Reedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Ariel F Kahrl
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.,Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg, 18B SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy S Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Andrew M Durso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA
| | - David M Delaney
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80302, USA
| | - Phillip R Pearson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Centre for Conservation, Ecology and Genomics, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Robert M Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Daniel A Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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8
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Pedrosa F, Bercê W, Costa VE, Levi T, Galetti M. Diet of invasive wild pigs in a landscape dominated by sugar cane plantations. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which alien species become invasive can assure successful control programs and mitigate alien species’ impacts. The distribution of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) has been sharply expanding throughout all regions of Brazil in the last few years. Here we demonstrate that large monocultural plantations provide the primary resource subsidies to invasive wild pigs in Brazil. We analyzed 106 stomach contents and carbon stable isotopes (δ13C) of 50 hair samples of wild pigs from a population immersed in a landscape dominated by sugar cane agriculture. Stomach contents were dominated by corn (41%), sugarcane (28.5%), vegetal matter (all other vegetation besides crops, 27%), and animal matter (vertebrates and invertebrates, 4%). Bayesian mixing model analysis of δ13C showed that food sources from C4 photosynthetic pathway (represented by corn and sugarcane) accounted for 94% of the long-term diet, while C3 food sources for only 6.2%. Our results indicate that corn and sugar cane are subsidizing the diet of wild pigs and can facilitate the population growth of this invasive species. Given that Brazil is a major agricultural producer and a hotspot of biodiversity, it is extremely concerning that extensive agriculture may accelerate the expansion of this invasive species, resulting in economic losses and cascading effects on natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pedrosa
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Mão na Mata – Manejo e Soluções Ambientais, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - William Bercê
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Eliodoro Costa
- Centro de Isótopos Estáveis, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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9
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Mayne B, Berry O, Jarman S. Optimal sample size for calibrating DNA methylation age estimators. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:2316-2323. [PMID: 34053192 PMCID: PMC8518423 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age is a fundamental parameter in wildlife management as it is used to determine the risk of extinction, manage invasive species, and regulate sustainable harvest. In a broad variety of vertebrates species, age can be determined by measuring DNA methylation. Animals with known ages are initially required during development, calibration, and validation of these epigenetic clocks. However, wild animals with known ages are frequently difficult to obtain. Here, we perform Monte‐Carlo simulations to determine the optimal sample size required to create an accurate calibration model for age estimation by elastic net regression modelling of cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine methylation data. Our results suggest a minimum calibration population size of 70, but ideally 134 individuals or more for accurate and precise models. We also provide estimates to the extent a model can be extrapolated beyond a distribution of ages that was used during calibration. The findings can assist researchers to better design age estimation models and decide if their model is adequate for determining key population attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mayne
- Environomics Future Science Platform, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Oliver Berry
- Environomics Future Science Platform, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Jarman
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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10
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Watson GJ, Dyos J, Barfield P, Stebbing P, Dey KG. Evidence for self-sustaining populations of Arcuatula senhousia in the UK and a review of this species' potential impacts within Europe. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9678. [PMID: 33958602 PMCID: PMC8102542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The invasive Asian date mussel (Arcuatula senhousia) inhabits diverse global coastal environments, in some circumstances posing significant ecological and economic risks. Recently recorded in the Greater North Sea ecoregion, an established population has not previously been confirmed. Combining historical and field data, we provided baseline information from the UK and recorded colonisation in a variety of habitats. Gonadal development was assessed using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) to determine if an intertidal soft-sediment population is self-sustaining. Arcuatula senhousia records from subtidal muddy/mixed-sediment within a major estuarine system from 2007 to 2016 were also analysed. First detected in 2011, spatial distribution was variable across the years within the subtidal, with individuals found at 4-9 out of 25 sites, and densities per site varying from 10 to 290 individuals per m2. The intertidal population was, in part, associated with seagrass (Zostera spp.) and attached to bivalves. In marinas, individuals were attached to concrete tiles, associated with live Mytilus edulis, and to dead Ostrea edulis. Mean GSI from the intertidal population differed across months, peaking in July before declining in September/October, but with high inter-individual variability. Arcuatula senhousia is reproducing and maintaining viable populations. Using a natural capital approach, we identify the potential impacts on Europe's functionally important habitats, fisheries and aquaculture if its spread continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon James Watson
- grid.4701.20000 0001 0728 6636Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY UK
| | - Jesie Dyos
- grid.4701.20000 0001 0728 6636Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY UK
| | - Peter Barfield
- grid.4701.20000 0001 0728 6636Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY UK
| | - Paul Stebbing
- APEM Ltd, A17 Embankment Business Park, Heaton Mersey, Manchester, SK4 3GN UK
| | - Kate Gabrielle Dey
- grid.4701.20000 0001 0728 6636Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY UK
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11
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Mayne B, Berry O, Jarman S. Redefining life expectancy and maximum lifespan for wildlife management. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mayne
- Environomics Future Science Platform; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre; The University of Western Australia; 64 Fairway Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Oliver Berry
- Environomics Future Science Platform; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre; The University of Western Australia; 64 Fairway Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Simon Jarman
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
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12
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Zhao Z, Yuan L, Li W, Tian B, Zhang L. Re-invasion of Spartina alterniflora in restored saltmarshes: Seed arrival, retention, germination, and establishment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 266:110631. [PMID: 32392151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The invasive plant Spartina alterniflora presents a serious threat to the saltmarsh ecosystems in the Yangtze Estuary. Various measures have been implemented to control S. alterniflora and restore the natural saltmarshes in this area. However, many saltmarsh restoration activities often fail partly because of recursions of this invasive plant. In this study, we investigated the re-invasion of S. alterniflora in a restored saltmarsh in the Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve by analysing the aspects of seed arrival, retention, germination, and establishment, to better understand the potential factors that may influence the re-invasion of restored saltmarshes. The results showed that 1) tidal currents dispersed the seeds from the possible source area to the restored saltmarsh and adjacent mudflat. The spatio-temporal dynamics of arrived seeds were shown to vary greatly depending on the intertidal geomorphology, vegetation, and hydrodynamic processes. 2) Seed retention in the re-invaded area was shown to be greatly influenced by burial depth, and moderate sedimentation rates provided safe sites for the retention of arrived seeds. 3) Only when both the burial depth and inundation duration below certain thresholds, the retained seeds could germinate and establish in the recipient habitats successfully. The results from this study highlight that control efforts and the management of S. alterniflora should not only focus on the re-invaded areas of restored saltmarshes, but also on the possible source areas of re-invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station (Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee), 202162, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
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13
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Abstract
Biological ageing and its mechanistic underpinnings are of immense biomedical and ecological significance. Ageing involves the decline of diverse biological functions and places a limit on a species’ maximum lifespan. Ageing is associated with epigenetic changes involving DNA methylation. Furthermore, an analysis of mammals showed that the density of CpG sites in gene promoters, which are targets for DNA methylation, is correlated with lifespan. Using 252 whole genomes and databases of animal age and promotor sequences, we show a pattern across vertebrates. We also derive a predictive lifespan clock based on CpG density in a selected set of promoters. The lifespan clock accurately predicts maximum lifespan in vertebrates (R2 = 0.76) from the density of CpG sites within only 42 selected promoters. Our lifespan clock provides a wholly new method for accurately estimating lifespan using genome sequences alone and enables estimation of this challenging parameter for both poorly understood and extinct species.
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Aschim RA, Brook RK. Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7254. [PMID: 31076638 PMCID: PMC6510748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species can spread rapidly at local and national scales, creating significant environmental and economic impacts. A central problem in mitigation efforts is identifying methods that can rapidly detect invasive species in a cost-effective and repeatable manner. This challenge is particularly acute for species that can spread over large areas (>1 million km2). Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most prolific invasive mammals on Earth and cause extensive damage to agricultural crops, native ecosystems, and livestock, and are reservoirs of disease. They have spread from their native range in Eurasia and North Africa into large areas of Australia, Africa, South America, and North America. We show that the range of invasive wild pigs has increased exponentially in Canada over the last 27 years following initial and ongoing releases and escapes from domestic wild boar farms. The cumulative range of wild pigs across Canada is 777,783 km2, with the majority of wild pig distribution occurring in the Prairie Provinces. We evaluate eight different data collection and evaluation/validation methods for mapping invasive species over large areas, and assess their benefits and limitations. Our findings effectively map the spread of a highly invasive large mammal and demonstrate that management efforts should ideally rely on a set of complementary independent monitoring methods. Mapping and evaluating resulting species occurrences provide baseline maps against which future changes can be rapidly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Aschim
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Ryan K Brook
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
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15
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Historical, current, and potential population size estimates of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in the United States. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Pepin KM, Wolfson DW, Miller RS, Tabak MA, Snow NP, VerCauteren KC, Davis AJ. Accounting for heterogeneous invasion rates reveals management impacts on the spatial expansion of an invasive species. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA‐APHIS Wildlife Services 4101 Laporte Avenue Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA
| | - David W. Wolfson
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health USDA‐APHIS Veterinary Services 2150 Centre Avenue Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Ryan S. Miller
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health USDA‐APHIS Veterinary Services 2150 Centre Avenue Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Michael A. Tabak
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health USDA‐APHIS Veterinary Services 2150 Centre Avenue Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Nathan P. Snow
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA‐APHIS Wildlife Services 4101 Laporte Avenue Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA
| | - Kurt C. VerCauteren
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA‐APHIS Wildlife Services 4101 Laporte Avenue Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA
| | - Amy J. Davis
- National Wildlife Research Center USDA‐APHIS Wildlife Services 4101 Laporte Avenue Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA
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