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Ye P, Luo S, Huang J, Fu X, Chi X, Cha JH, Chen Y, Mai Y, Hsu KW, Yan X, Yang WH. TESC associated with poor prognosis enhances cancer stemness and migratory properties in liver cancer. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:206. [PMID: 39207564 PMCID: PMC11362204 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are responsible for recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance in liver cancer. However, the genes responsible for inducing LCSCs have not been fully identified. Based on our previous study, we found that tescalcin (TESC), a calcium-binding EF hand protein that plays a crucial role in chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic modifications, was up-regulated in LCSCs of spheroid cultures. By searching the Cancer Genome Atlas, International Cancer Genome Consortium, Human Protein Atlas, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases, we found that TESC expression was significantly elevated in liver cancer compared with that in normal liver tissue and was predictive of a decreased overall survival rate. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed TESC to be an independent prognostic factor for survival. High TESC expression was positively associated with cancer stem cell pathways, cancer stem cell surface markers, stemness transcription factors, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors, immune checkpoint proteins, and various cancer-related biological processes in liver cancer. Furthermore, TESC was implicated as promoting cancer stem cell properties through its influence on EMT. We demonstrated that TESC is a novel stemness-related gene that can serve as an independent prognostic factor for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Infection Medicine Research Institute of Panyu District, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shahang Luo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyu Huang
- Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xihua Fu
- Infection Medicine Research Institute of Panyu District, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chi
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yumei Chen
- Infection Medicine Research Institute of Panyu District, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjun Mai
- Infection Medicine Research Institute of Panyu District, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Liu F, Ye S, Zhao L, Niu Q. The role of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in the regulation of cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03561-x. [PMID: 38865036 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of tumor cells with high tumorigenic ability and self-renewal potential similar to those of normal stem cells. CSCs are the key "seeds" for tumor development, metastasis, and recurrence. A better insight into the key mechanisms underlying CSC survival improves the efficiency of cancer therapy via specific targeting of CSCs. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of cancer stemness. However, the effect of IGF/IGF-1R signaling on stemness and CSCs and the underlying mechanisms are still controversial. Based on the similarity between CSCs and normal stem cells, this review discusses emerging data on the functions of IGF/IGF-1R signaling in normal stem cells and CSCs and dissects the underlying mechanisms by which IGF/IGF-1R signaling is involved in CSCs. On the other hand, this review highlighted the role of IGF/IGF-1R signaling blockade in multiple CSCs as a potential strategy to improve CSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Liu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Susu Ye
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Wu D, Piao L, Wang G. Tescalcin modulates bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1836-1846. [PMID: 38124301 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are recognized for their intrinsic capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, making them pivotal entities within the field of bone research. Tescalcin (TESC) is known to play a role in specific cellular processes related to proliferation and differentiation. However, the precise involvement of TESC in the regulation of BMSCs remains unclear. The present study was designed to verify the functional implications of TESC in BMSCs. METHODS An adenovirus vector was engineered to downregulate TESC expression, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated using BML-284. The assessment of mRNA was conducted by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The assessment of protein expression was conducted by Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques (IF), respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity assays were performed to verify ALP changes, while Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and quantitative analysis were employed to assess mineralization capacity. RESULTS Initially, we observed an upregulation of TESC expression during osteogenic differentiation. Subsequently, TESC knockdown was demonstrated to decrease the osteogenic-related genes expression and diminish BMSCs mineralization. Concomitantly, we identified the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling following the TESC knockdown. Furthermore, the administration of BML-284 effectively activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, successfully rescuing the compromised TESC-mediated osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that TESC knockdown exerts an inhibitory effect on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study unveils a novel target with potential applications for enhancing the regenerative potential of BMSCs in the realm of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Longhuan Piao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Fernández Á, Casamitjana J, Holguín-Horcajo A, Coolens K, Mularoni L, Pasquali L, Bailey-Lundberg JM, Rooman I, Wang YJ, Rovira M. A single-cell atlas of the murine pancreatic ductal tree identifies novel cell populations with potential implications in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582044. [PMID: 38463969 PMCID: PMC10925197 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims Pancreatic ducts form an intricate network of tubules that secrete bicarbonate and drive acinar secretions into the duodenum. This network is formed by centroacinar cells, terminal, intercalated, intracalated ducts, and the main pancreatic duct. Ductal heterogeneity at the single-cell level has been poorly characterized; therefore, our understanding of the role of ductal cells in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis has been hampered by the limited knowledge and unexplained diversity within the ductal network. Methods We used scRNA-seq to comprehensively characterize mouse ductal heterogeneity at single-cell resolution of the entire ductal epithelium from centroacinar cells to the main duct. Moreover, we used organoid cultures, injury models and pancreatic tumor samples to interrogate the role of novel ductal populations in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis. Results We have identified the coexistence of 15 ductal populations within the healthy pancreas and characterized their organoid formation capacity and endocrine differentiation potential. Cluster isolation and subsequent culturing let us identify ductal cell populations with high organoid formation capacity and endocrine and exocrine differentiation potential in vitro , including Wnt-responsive-population, ciliated-population and FLRT3 + cells. Moreover, we have characterized the location of these novel ductal populations in healthy pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and tumor samples, highlighting a putative role of WNT-responsive, IFN-responsive and EMT-populations in pancreatic exocrine pathogenesis as their expression increases in chronic pancreatitis and PanIN lesions. Conclusions In light of our discovery of previously unidentified ductal populations, we unmask the potential roles of specific ductal populations in pancreas regeneration and exocrine pathogenesis.
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Yang K, Hu Y, Feng Y, Li K, Zhu Z, Liu S, Lin Y, Yu B. IGF-1R mediates crosstalk between nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and osteoclasts and promotes tumor bone metastasis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:46. [PMID: 38342894 PMCID: PMC10860326 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses a significant health burden in specific regions of Asia, and some of NPC patients have bone metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. Bone metastasis can cause pathologic fractures and pain, reducing patients' quality of life, and is associated with worse survival. This study aims to unravel the complex role of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in NPC bone metastasis, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We assessed IGF-1R expression in NPC cells and explored its correlation with bone metastasis. Experiments investigated the impact of osteoclast-secreted IGF-1 on the IGF-1R/AKT/S6 pathway in promoting NPC cell proliferation within the bone marrow. Additionally, the reciprocal influence of tumor-secreted Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption was examined. The effects of IGF-1 neutralizing antibody, IGF-1R specific inhibitor (NVP-AEW541) and mTORC inhibitor (rapamycin) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma bone metastasis were also explored in animal experiments. RESULTS Elevated IGF-1R expression in NPC cells correlated with an increased tendency for bone metastasis. IGF-1, secreted by osteoclasts, activated the IGF-1R/AKT/S6 pathway, promoting NPC cell proliferation in the bone marrow. Tumor-secreted GM-CSF further stimulated osteoclast differentiation, exacerbating bone resorption. The IGF-1 neutralizing antibody, NVP-AEW541 and rapamycin were respectively effective in slowing down the rate of bone metastasis and reducing bone destruction. CONCLUSION The intricate interplay among IGF-1R, IGF-1, and GM-CSF highlights potential therapeutic targets for precise control of NPC bone metastasis, providing valuable insights for developing targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifan Yang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqun Li
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Raji L, Tetteh A, Amin ARMR. Role of c-Src in Carcinogenesis and Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 38201459 PMCID: PMC10778207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aberrant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells, known as carcinogenesis, is a complex process involving numerous genetic and molecular alterations in response to innate and environmental stimuli. The Src family kinases (SFK) are key components of signaling pathways implicated in carcinogenesis, with c-Src and its oncogenic counterpart v-Src often playing a significant role. The discovery of c-Src represents a compelling narrative highlighting groundbreaking discoveries and valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis. Upon oncogenic activation, c-Src activates multiple downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT pathway, the Ras-MAPK pathway, the JAK-STAT3 pathway, and the FAK/Paxillin pathway, which are important for cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we delve into the discovery of c-Src and v-Src, the structure of c-Src, and the molecular mechanisms that activate c-Src. We also focus on the various signaling pathways that c-Src employs to promote oncogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy drugs as well as molecularly targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. R. M. Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (L.R.); (A.T.)
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Guo Y, Cai Y, Song F, Zhu L, Hu Y, Liu Y, Ma W, Ge J, Zeng Q, Ding L, Li L, Zheng G, Ge M. TESC promotes differentiated thyroid cancer development by activating ERK and weakening NIS and radioiodine uptake. Endocrine 2023; 81:503-512. [PMID: 37020077 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients have a good prognosis after surgery, but radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) patients have a significantly reduced 5-year survival rate (<60%) and a significantly increased recurrence rate (>30%). This study aimed to clarify the tescalcin (TESC) role in promoting the malignant PTC progression and providing a potential target for RAIR-DTC treatment. METHODS We analyzed TESC expression and clinicopathological characteristics using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and performed qRT-PCR on tissue samples. TPC-1 and IHH-4 proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected after transfection with TESC-RNAi. Using Western blot (WB), several EMT-related indicators were detected. Moreover, iodine uptake of TPC-1 and IHH-4 after transfection with TESC-RNAi was detected. Finally, NIS, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 levels were determined by WB. RESULTS TESC was significantly upregulated in DTC tissues and positively correlated with BRAF V600E mutation based on data analysis from TCGA and our center. Reduced expression of TESC in both IHH-4 (BRAF V600E mutation) and TPC-1 (BRAF V600E wild type) cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. It downregulated the EMT pathway markers Vimentin and N-cadherin, and increased E- cadherin. Moreover, TESC knockdown significantly inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreased NIS expression in DTC cells, with a remarkably increased iodine uptake rate. CONCLUSIONS TESC was highly expressed in DTC tissues and may have promoted metastasis through EMT and induced iodine resistance by downregulating NIS in DTC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Guo
- Otolaryngology& Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fahuan Song
- Otolaryngology& Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Yiqun Hu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yunye Liu
- Otolaryngology& Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lingling Ding
- Otolaryngology& Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lebao Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guowan Zheng
- Otolaryngology& Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology& Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Houshyari M, Farhadi M. Mitochondrial metabolism: a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6719-6741. [PMID: 36719474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinical studies revealed a heterogenous response to radiotherapy, from a complete response to even disease progression. To that end, finding the relative prognostic factors of disease outcomes and predictive factors of treatment efficacy and toxicity is essential. It has been demonstrated that radiation response depends on DNA damage response, cell cycle phase, oxygen concentration, and growth rate. Emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial metabolism is associated with radioresistance. METHODS This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of mitochondria in radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. In addition, it demonstrates how mitochondria might be involved in the famous 6Rs of radiobiology. RESULTS In terms of this idea, decreasing the mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells may increase radiation response, and enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism of normal cells may reduce radiation toxicity. Enhancing the normal cells (including immune cells) mitochondrial metabolism can potentially improve the tumor response by enhancing immune reactivation. Future studies are invited to examine the impacts of mitochondrial metabolism on radiation efficacy and toxicity. Improving radiotherapy response with diminishing cancer cells' mitochondrial metabolism, and reducing radiotherapy toxicity with enhancing normal cells' mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kahm YJ, Kim IG, Kim RK. RanBP1: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer and Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076855. [PMID: 37047826 PMCID: PMC10095367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be one of the factors that make cancer treatment difficult. Many researchers are thus conducting research to efficiently destroy CSCs. Therefore, we sought to suggest a new target that can efficiently suppress CSCs. In this study, we observed a high expression of Ran-binding protein 1 (RanBP1) in lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Upregulated RanBP1 expression is strongly associated with the expression of CSC marker proteins and CSC regulators. In addition, an elevated RanBP1 expression is strongly associated with a poor patient prognosis. CSCs have the ability to resist radiation, and RanBP1 regulates this ability. RanBP1 also affects the metastasis-associated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon. EMT marker proteins and regulatory proteins are affected by RanBP1 expression, and cell motility was regulated according to RanBP1 expression. The cancer microenvironment influences cancer growth, metastasis, and cancer treatment. RanBP1 can modulate the cancer microenvironment by regulating the cytokine IL-18. Secreted IL-18 acts on cancer cells and promotes cancer malignancy. Our results reveal, for the first time, that RanBP1 is an important regulator in LCSCs and GSCs, suggesting that it holds potential for use as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jee Kahm
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of STAT3 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122787. [PMID: 36559280 PMCID: PMC9781630 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important transcription factor that not only regulates different hallmarks of cancer, such as tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, and metastasis but also regulates the occurrence and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Abnormal STAT3 activity has been found in a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, and its phosphorylation level is associated with a poor prognosis of lung cancer. Therefore, the STAT3 pathway may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer. To date, various types of STAT3 inhibitors, including natural compounds, small molecules, and gene-based therapies, have been developed through direct and indirect strategies, although most of them are still in the preclinical or early clinical stages. One of the main obstacles to the development of STAT3 inhibitors is the lack of an effective targeted delivery system to improve their bioavailability and tumor targetability, failing to fully demonstrate their anti-tumor effects. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in STAT3 targeting strategies, as well as the applications of nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of STAT3 inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Wakabayashi Y, Miyatsuka T, Miura M, Himuro M, Taguchi T, Iida H, Nishida Y, Fujitani Y, Watada H. STAT3 suppression and β-cell ablation enhance α-to-β reprogramming mediated by Pdx1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21419. [PMID: 36496541 PMCID: PMC9741642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As diabetes results from the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, possible methods to efficiently generate surrogate β cells have attracted a lot of efforts. To date, insulin-producing cells have been generated from various differentiated cell types in the pancreas, such as acinar cells and α cells, by inducing defined transcription factors, such as PDX1 and MAFA, yet it is still challenging as to how surrogate β cells can be efficiently generated for establishing future regenerative therapies for diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that the exogenous expression of PDX1 activated STAT3 in α cells in vitro, and STAT3-null PDX1-expressing α cells in vivo resulted in efficient induction of α-to-β reprogramming, accompanied by the emergence of α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells with silenced glucagon expression. Whereas β-cell ablation by alloxan administration significantly increased the number of α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells by PDX1, STAT3 suppression resulted in no further increase in β-cell neogenesis after β-cell ablation. Thus, STAT3 modulation and β-cell ablation nonadditively enhance α-to-β reprogramming induced by PDX1, which may lead to the establishment of cell therapies for curing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Wakabayashi
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan
| | - Masaki Miura
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Himuro
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Taguchi
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Pelaz SG, Tabernero A. Src: coordinating metabolism in cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4917-4928. [PMID: 36217026 PMCID: PMC9630107 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism must be tightly regulated to fulfil the dynamic requirements of cancer cells during proliferation, migration, stemness and differentiation. Src is a node of several signals involved in many of these biological processes, and it is also an important regulator of cell metabolism. Glucose uptake, glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation are among the metabolic pathways that can be regulated by Src. Therefore, this oncoprotein is in an excellent position to coordinate and finely tune cell metabolism to fuel the different cancer cell activities. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of recent progress made in determining the role of Src in glucose metabolism as well as the link of this role with cancer cell metabolic plasticity and tumour progression. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges facing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Pelaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
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13
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Wei Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Liu P, Huang S, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wu Z, Hu M, Wu Q, Wu H, Liu F, She T, Ning Z. ALDH1: A potential therapeutic target for cancer stem cells in solid tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1026278. [PMID: 36387165 PMCID: PMC9650078 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors can be divided into benign solid tumors and solid malignant tumors in the academic community, among which malignant solid tumors are called cancers. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and the global incidence of cancer is increasing yearly New cancer patients in China are always the first. After the concept of stem cells was introduced in the tumor community, the CSC markers represented by ALDH1 have been widely studied due to their strong CSC cell characteristics and potential to be the driving force of tumor metastasis. In the research results in the past five years, it has been found that ALDH1 is highly expressed in various solid cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, head,and neck cancer. ALDH1 can activate and transform various pathways (such as the USP28/MYC signaling pathway, ALDH1A1/HIF-1α/VEGF axis, wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway), as well as change the intracellular pH value to promote formation and maintenance, resulting in drug resistance in tumors. By targeting and inhibiting ALDH1 in tumor stem cells, it can enhance the sensitivity of drugs and inhibit the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of solid tumor stem cells to some extent. This review discusses the relationship and pathway of ALDH1 with various solid tumors. It proposes that ALDH1 may serve as a diagnosis and therapeutic target for CSC, providing new insights and new strategies for reliable tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Wei
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yenan Chen
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hongnian Wu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
| | - Tonghui She
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- *Correspondence: Fuxing Liu, ; Tonghui She, ; Zhifeng Ning,
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14
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Polymer Thin Film Promotes Tumor Spheroid Formation via JAK2-STAT3 Signaling Primed by Fibronectin-Integrin α5 and Sustained by LMO2-LDB1 Complex. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112684. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are considered promising targets for anti-cancer therapy owing to their role in tumor progression. Extensive research is, therefore, being carried out on CSCs to identify potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. However, this requires the availability of patient-derived CSCs ex vivo, which remains restricted due to the low availability and diversity of CSCs. To address this limitation, a functional polymer thin-film (PTF) platform was invented to induce the transformation of cancer cells into tumorigenic spheroids. In this study, we demonstrated the functionality of a new PTF, polymer X, using a streamlined production process. Polymer X induced the formation of tumor spheroids with properties of CSCs, as revealed through the upregulated expression of CSC-related genes. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in the cancer cells cultured on polymer X was upregulated by the fibronectin-integrin α5-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) axis and maintained by the cytosolic LMO2/LBD1 complex. In addition, STAT3 signaling was critical in spheroid formation on polymer X. Our PTF platform allows the efficient generation of tumor spheroids from cancer cells, thereby overcoming the existing limitations of cancer research.
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15
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Ashrafi A, Akter Z, Modareszadeh P, Modareszadeh P, Berisha E, Alemi PS, Chacon Castro MDC, Deese AR, Zhang L. Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4562. [PMID: 36230484 PMCID: PMC9558974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 18%. Current treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite advances in therapeutic options, resistance to therapy remains a major obstacle to the effectiveness of long-term treatment, eventually leading to therapeutic insensitivity, poor progression-free survival, and disease relapse. Resistance mechanisms stem from genetic mutations and/or epigenetic changes, unregulated drug efflux, tumor hypoxia, alterations in the tumor microenvironment, and several other cellular and molecular alterations. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for targeting factors involved in therapeutic resistance, establishing novel antitumor targets, and developing therapeutic strategies to resensitize cancer cells towards treatment. In this review, we summarize diverse mechanisms driving resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and promising strategies to help overcome this therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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16
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Thamrongwaranggoon U, Detarya M, Seubwai W, Saengboonmee C, Hino S, Koga T, Nakao M, Wongkham S. Lactic acidosis promotes aggressive features of cholangiocarcinoma cells via upregulating ALDH1A3 expression through EGFR axis. Life Sci 2022; 302:120648. [PMID: 35598658 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lactic acidosis (LA) generated in tumor microenvironment promotes tumor metastasis and drug resistance. This study aimed to demonstrate the impacts and the mechanisms of LA on aldehyde dehydrogenase1A3 (ALDH1A3) in promoting aggressiveness and gemcitabine resistance in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. The clinical relevance and the molecular pathway related to the upregulation of ALDH1A3 in LA cells will be revealed. MAIN METHODS ALDH1A3 expression and its clinical significances in CCA tissues were analyzed using the GEO databases. Human CCA cell lines, KKU-213A-LA and KKU-213B-LA maintained in the LA medium were studied and compared with its parental cells cultured in normal medium. Aggressive features-proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and gemcitabine response were determined. Expression of ALDH1A3, EGFR and the downstream effectors were analyzed using real-time PCR and Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS ALDH1A3 was upregulated in patient CCA tissues and correlated with LDHA and shorter survival of CCA patients. mRNA and protein of ALDH1A3 were increased in LA cells. Attenuation of ALDH1A3 expression by siRNA significantly reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and gemcitabine resistance of LA cells, and gemcitabine resistant cells. The EGF/EGFR signaling via Erk and STAT3 was pinned to be involved in the induction of ALDH1A3 expression in LA cells. The transcriptomic analysis from TCGA dataset supported the links between LDHA, EGFR and ALDH1A3 in several tumor tissues. SIGNIFICANCE Lactic acidosis upregulated EGFR and ALDH1A3 expression, leading to the aggressiveness of CCA cells. The EGFR/ALDH1A3 axis could be a novel therapeutic target to eradicate metastatic CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubonrat Thamrongwaranggoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Marutpong Detarya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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17
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Qian Y, Cheng B, Luo J, Hu Y, Gao L, Cheng H. CircRFX3 Up-regulates Its Host Gene RFX3 to Facilitate Tumorigenesis and Progression of Glioma. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1195-1207. [PMID: 35416616 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is classified as one of the most common types of primary brain tumors. The high expression of CircRFX3 has been found in glioma. However, its functional roles in glioma and underlying mechanism remain unknown. PURPOSE Our study aimed to explore the function and specific mechanism of circRFX3 in glioma. METHODS RT-qPCR or western blot was applied to examine the expression of RNAs or proteins. Functional assays were carried out to evaluate the influence of circRFX3, RFX3 and PROX1 on glioma cells. In vivo experiments were done to ascertain the impact of circRFX3 on glioma growth. Moreover, mechanism assays were conducted to investigate the molecular relation among circRFX3, RFX3, HNRNPK and PROX1. RESULTS CircRFX3 was highly expressed in glioma cells. CircRFX3 knockdown led to the suppression of glioma cell and tumor growth. CircRFX3 overexpression resulted in the opposite outcomes. Mechanism analyses suggested that circRFX3 recruited HNRNPK to enhance RFX3 mRNA stability, thereby facilitating glioma cell malignant behaviors. RFX3 was also unveiled to affect glioma cells via stimulating PROX1 transcription. CONCLUSION CircRFX3, as a tumor promoter, could recruit HNRNPK to stabilize RFX3 mRNA in glioma cells. Additionally, RFX3 could promote PROX1 transcription to promote glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Baochun Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yangchun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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18
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Long non-coding ROR promotes the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma through regulation of the TESC/ALDH1A1/TUBB3/PTEN axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:157. [PMID: 35173149 PMCID: PMC8850450 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroidal carcinoma (PTC) is a common endocrine cancer that plagues people across the world. The potential roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PTC have gained increasing attention. In this study, we aimed to explore whether lncRNA ROR affects the progression of PTC, with the involvement of tescalcin (TESC)/aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1A1 (ALDH1A1)/βIII-tubulin (TUBB3)/tensin homolog (PTEN) axis. PTC tumor and adjacent tissues were obtained, followed by measurement of lncRNA ROR and TESC, ALDH1A1, and TUBB3 expression. Interactions among lncRNA ROR, TESC, ALDH1A1, TUBB3, and PTEN were evaluated by ChIP assay, RT-qPCR, or western blot analysis. After ectopic expression and depletion experiments in PTC cells, MTT and colony formation assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell viability and colony formation, cell migration and invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. In addition, xenograft in nude mice was performed to test the effects of lncRNA ROR and PTEN on tumor growth in PTC in vivo. LncRNA ROR, TESC, ALDH1A1, and TUBB3 were highly expressed in PTC tissues and cells. Overexpression of lncRNA ROR activated TESC by inhibiting the G9a recruitment on the promoter of TESC and histone H3-lysine 9me methylation. Moreover, TESC upregulated ALDH1A1 expression to increase TUBB3 expression, which then reduced PTEN expression. Overexpression of lncRNA ROR, TESC, ALDH1A1 or TUBB3 and silencing of PTEN promoted PTC cell viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion while suppressing apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of lncRNA ROR increased tumor growth by inhibiting PTEN in vivo. Taken together, the current study demonstrated that lncRNA ROR mediated TESC/ALDH1A1/TUBB3/PTEN axis, thereby facilitating the development of PTC.
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19
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Parakh S, Ernst M, Poh AR. Multicellular Effects of STAT3 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6228. [PMID: 34944848 PMCID: PMC8699548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases. Aberrant activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is frequently observed in NSCLC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Pre-clinical studies have revealed an unequivocal role for tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic STAT3 signaling in NSCLC by promoting angiogenesis, cell survival, cancer cell stemness, drug resistance, and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Several STAT3-targeting strategies have also been investigated in pre-clinical models, and include preventing upstream receptor/ligand interactions, promoting the degradation of STAT3 mRNA, and interfering with STAT3 DNA binding. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms by which persistent STAT3 activation promotes NSCLC development, and the utility of STAT3 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in NSCLC. We also provide a comprehensive update of STAT3-targeting therapies that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, and discuss the challenges associated with these treatment modalities in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagun Parakh
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Matthias Ernst
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R. Poh
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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20
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Yun HS, Lee J, Kil WJ, Kramp TR, Tofilon PJ, Camphausen K. The Radiosensitizing Effect of AZD0530 in Glioblastoma and Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1672-1679. [PMID: 34158343 PMCID: PMC8419151 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AZD0530, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the Src kinase family, is an anticancer drug used in the treatment of various cancers. In the case of glioblastoma (GBM), where resistance to radiotherapy frequently occurs, Src kinase is known as one of the molecules responsible for imparting radioresistance to GBM. Thus, we evaluated the effect of AZD0530 on the radiosensitivity of human GBM cells and human glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). We show that Src activity of GBM and GSC is increased by radiation and inhibited by AZD0530, and using clonogenic assays, AZD0530 enhances the radiosensitivity of GBM and GSCs. Also, AZD0530 induced a prolongation of radiation-induced γH2AX without specific cell cycle and mitotic index changes, suggesting that AZD0530-induced radiosensitization in GBM cells and GSCs results from the inhibition of DNA repair. In addition, AZD0530 was shown to inhibit the radiation-induced EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway, which is known to promote and regulate radioresistance and survival of GBM cells by radiation. Finally, mice bearing orthotopic xenografts initiated from GBM cells were then used to evaluate the in vivo response to AZD0530 and radiation. The combination of AZD0530 and radiation showed the longest median survival compared with any single modality. Thus, these results show that AZD0530 enhances the radiosensitivity of GBM cells and GSCs and suggest the possibility of AZD0530 as a clinical radiosensitizer for treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shik Yun
- Radiation Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Radiation Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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21
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Kim IG, Lee JH, Kim SY, Heo CK, Kim RK, Cho EW. Targeting therapy-resistant lung cancer stem cells via disruption of the AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN positive-feedback loop. Commun Biol 2021; 4:778. [PMID: 34163000 PMCID: PMC8222406 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as essential targets to overcome tumor progression and therapeutic resistance; however, practical targeting approaches are limited. Here, we identify testis-specific Y-like protein 5 (TSPYL5) as an upstream regulator of CSC-associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer cells, and suggest as a therapeutic target for CSC elimination. TSPYL5 elevation is driven by AKT-dependent TSPYL5 phosphorylation at threonine-120 and stabilization via inhibiting its ubiquitination. TSPYL5-pT120 also induces nuclear translocation and functions as a transcriptional activator of CSC-associated genes, ALDH1 and CD44. Also, nuclear TSPYL5 suppresses the transcription of PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling. TSPYL5-pT120 maintains persistent CSC-like characteristics via transcriptional activation of CSC-associated genes and a positive feedback loop consisting of AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN signaling pathway. Accordingly, elimination of TSPYL5 by inhibiting TSPYL5-pT120 can block aberrant AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN cyclic signaling and TSPYL5-mediated cancer stemness regulation. Our study suggests TSPYL5 be an effective target for therapy-resistant cancer. In order to assist the development of cancer stem cell (CSC) therapy, Kim et al identified testis-specific Y-like protein 5 (TSPYL5) as an upstream regulator of CSC-associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer cells. They demonstrated in cancer cell lines and in vivo that TSPYL5 activity is dependent on AKT signalling and that disruption of TSPYL5 signalling could serve as a potential strategy to tackle therapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Jei-Ha Lee
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Heo
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Wie Cho
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.
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22
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Hu S, Xie D, Zhou P, Liu X, Yin X, Huang B, Guan H. LINCS gene expression signature analysis revealed bosutinib as a radiosensitizer of breast cancer cells by targeting eIF4G1. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:72. [PMID: 33693953 PMCID: PMC7952247 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is the predominant cause for radiotherapy failure and disease progression, resulting in increased breast cancer‑associated mortality. Using gene expression signature analysis of the Library of Integrated Network‑Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the aim of the present study was to systematically identify potential candidate radiosensitizers from known drugs. The similarity of integrated gene expression signatures between irradiated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 γ 1 (eIF4G1)‑silenced breast cancer cells and known drugs was measured using enrichment scores (ES). Drugs with positive ES were selected as potential radiosensitizers. The radiosensitizing effects of the candidate drugs were analyzed in breast cancer cell lines (MCF‑7, MX‑1 and MDA‑MB‑231) using CCK‑8 and colony formation assays following exposure to ionizing radiation. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. The expression levels of eIF4G1 and DNA damage response (DDR) proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Bosutinib was identified as a promising radiosensitizer, as its administration markedly reduced the dosage required both for the drug and for ionizing radiation, which may be associated with fewer treatment‑associated adverse reactions. Moreover, combined treatment of ionizing radiation and bosutinib significantly increased cell killing in all three cell lines, compared with ionizing radiation or bosutinib alone. Among the three cell lines, MX‑1 cells were identified as the most sensitive to both ionizing radiation and bosutinib. Bosutinib markedly downregulated the expression of eIF4G1 in a dose‑dependent manner and also reduced the expression of DDR proteins (including ATM, XRCC4, ATRIP, and GADD45A). Moreover, eIF4G1 was identified as a key target of bosutinib that may regulate DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. Thus, bosutinib may serve as a potential candidate radiosensitizer for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Hu
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Yin
- College of Computer, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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23
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Novel Regulators of the IGF System in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020273. [PMID: 33673232 PMCID: PMC7918569 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a dynamic network of proteins, which includes cognate ligands, membrane receptors, ligand binding proteins and functional downstream effectors. It plays a critical role in regulating several important physiological processes including cell growth, metabolism and differentiation. Importantly, alterations in expression levels or activation of components of the IGF network are implicated in many pathological conditions including diabetes, obesity and cancer initiation and progression. In this review we will initially cover some general aspects of IGF action and regulation in cancer and then focus in particular on the role of transcriptional regulators and novel interacting proteins, which functionally contribute in fine tuning IGF1R signaling in several cancer models. A deeper understanding of the biological relevance of this network of IGF1R modulators might provide novel therapeutic opportunities to block this system in neoplasia.
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24
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Yang T, Hao L, Cui R, Liu H, Chen J, An J, Qi S, Li Z. Identification of an immune prognostic 11-gene signature for lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10749. [PMID: 33552736 PMCID: PMC7825366 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunological tumour microenvironment (TME) has occupied a very important position in the beginning and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains poor for the local progression and widely metastases at the time of clinical diagnosis. Our objective is to identify a potential signature model to improve prognosis of LUAD. Methods With the aim to identify a novel immune prognostic signature associated with overall survival (OS), we analysed LUADs extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Immune scores and stromal scores of TCGA-LUAD were downloaded from Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumour tissues Expression using data (ESTIMATE). LASSO COX regression was applied to build the prediction model. Then, the prognostic gene signature was validated in the GSE68465 dataset. Results The data from TCGA datasets showed patients in stage I and stage II had higher stromal scores than patients in stage IV (P < 0.05), and for immune score patients in stage I were higher than patients in stage III and stage IV (P < 0.05). The improved overall survivals were observed in high stromal score and immune score groups. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited the inferior OS (P = 2.501e − 05). By validating the 397 LUAD patients from GSE68465, we observed a better OS in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group, which is consistent with the results from the TCGA cohort. Nomogram results showed that practical and predicted survival coincided very well, especially for 3-year survival. Conclusion We obtained an 11 immune score related gene signature model as an independent element to effectively classify LUADs into different risk groups, which might provide a support for precision treatments. Moreover, immune score may play a potential valuable sole for estimating OS in LUADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, the First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, the First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Renyun Cui
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, the First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, the First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, the First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongjun An
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, the First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Qi
- Department of Thyroid, Dongzhimen Hospital, the First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, the First Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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25
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Chen PC, Kuo YC, Chuong CM, Huang YH. Niche Modulation of IGF-1R Signaling: Its Role in Stem Cell Pluripotency, Cancer Reprogramming, and Therapeutic Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625943. [PMID: 33511137 PMCID: PMC7835526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells work with their niches harmoniously during development. This concept has been extended to cancer pathology for cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer reprogramming. IGF-1R, a classical survival signaling, has been shown to regulate stem cell pluripotency, CSCs, or cancer reprogramming. The mechanism underlying such cell fate determination is unclear. We propose the determination is due to different niches in embryo development and tumor malignancy which modulate the consequences of IGF-1R signaling. Here we highlight the modulations of these niche parameters (hypoxia, inflammation, extracellular matrix), and the targeted stem cells (embryonic stem cells, germline stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) and CSCs, with relevance to cancer reprogramming. We organize known interaction between IGF-1R signaling and distinct niches in the double-sided cell fate with emerging trends highlighted. Based on these new insights, we propose that, through targeting IGF-1R signaling modulation, stem cell therapy and cancer stemness treatment can be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chin Chen
- Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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SRC Signaling in Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:57-71. [PMID: 33123993 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pioneering experiments performed by Harold Varmus and Mike Bishop in 1976 led to one of the most influential discoveries in cancer research and identified the first cancer-causing oncogene called Src. Later experimental and clinical evidence suggested that Src kinase plays a significant role in promoting tumor growth and progression and its activity is associated with poor patient survival. Thus, several Src inhibitors were developed and approved by FDA for treatment of cancer patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly complex and dynamic milieu where significant cross-talk occurs between cancer cells and TME components, which consist of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, and other immune and vascular cells. Growth factors and chemokines activate multiple signaling cascades in TME and induce multiple kinases and pathways, including Src, leading to tumor growth, invasion/metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and progression. Here, we will systemically evaluate recent findings regarding regulation of Src and significance of targeting Src in cancer therapy.
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27
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Zhao M, Wang T, Hui Z. Aspirin overcomes cisplatin resistance in lung cancer by inhibiting cancer cell stemness. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3117-3125. [PMID: 32991066 PMCID: PMC7605995 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and is commonly treated by cisplatin. Although cisplatin treatment may initially be successful, its effectiveness usually reduces significantly in disease-recurrent patients. Aspirin, a nonselective COX inhibitor, has been shown to help reverse the status of cisplatin sensitivity in recurrent human ovarian cancer cells. This study aimed to explore the effect of aspirin on cisplatin resistance through the perspective of cancer cell stemness. METHODS We used clustering analysis to predict the H460 cisplatin resistance from the GSE21656 dataset. The increased lung cancer cell stemness may contribute to enhanced tolerance. In this study, we used aspirin, a nonselective COX inhibitor, with cisplatin for several hours in cells and days in vivo, and studied the inhibition against human cisplatin-resistant H460 cells. H460 cisplatin-sensitive and H460 cisplatin-resistant cells were treated with 16 μM aspirin or/and 0.3 μg/mL cisplatin for 72 hours. RESULTS H460 cisplatin-resistant cells showed stronger resistance, stemness, and invasiveness than H460 cisplatin-sensitive, and cisplatin significantly reduced the survival of cisplatin-sensitive cells, while cisplatin with aspirin dramatically reduced the surviving fractions of cisplatin-resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that stemness is a latent inhibitor of the resistance of lung cancer cisplatin-resistant cells and might be effectively inhibited by aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouguang Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Yang PL, Liu LX, Li EM, Xu LY. STAT3, the Challenge for Chemotherapeutic and Radiotherapeutic Efficacy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092459. [PMID: 32872659 PMCID: PMC7564975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy is one of the most effective and extensively used strategies for cancer treatment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates vital biological processes, such as cell proliferation and cell growth. It is constitutively activated in various cancers and limits the application of chemoradiotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that STAT3 regulates resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and thereby impairs therapeutic efficacy by mediating its feedback loop and several target genes. The alternative splicing product STAT3β is often identified as a dominant-negative regulator, but it enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy and offers a new and challenging approach to reverse therapeutic resistance. We focus here on exploring the role of STAT3 in resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors and radiotherapy, outlining the potential of targeting STAT3 to overcome chemo(radio)resistance for improving clinical outcomes, and evaluating the importance of STAT3β as a potential therapeutic approach to overcomes chemo(radio)resistance. In this review, we discuss some new insights into the effect of STAT3 and its subtype STAT3β on chemoradiotherapy sensitivity, and we explore how these insights influence clinical treatment and drug development for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Lian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (P.-L.Y.); (L.-X.L.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (P.-L.Y.); (L.-X.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (P.-L.Y.); (L.-X.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence: (E.-M.L.); (L.-Y.X.); Tel.: +86-754-88900460 (L.-Y.X.); Fax: +86-754-88900847 (L.-Y.X.)
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; (P.-L.Y.); (L.-X.L.)
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence: (E.-M.L.); (L.-Y.X.); Tel.: +86-754-88900460 (L.-Y.X.); Fax: +86-754-88900847 (L.-Y.X.)
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29
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Wang X, Zhang X, Qiu C, Yang N. STAT3 Contributes to Radioresistance in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1120. [PMID: 32733808 PMCID: PMC7358404 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been used in the clinic for more than one century and it is recognized as one of the main methods in the treatment of malignant tumors. Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is reported to be upregulated in many tumor types, and it is believed to be involved in the tumorigenesis, development and malignant behaviors of tumors. Previous studies also found that STAT3 contributes to chemo-resistance of various tumor types. Recently, many studies reported that STAT3 is involved in the response of tumor cells to radiotherapy. But until now, the role of the STAT3 in radioresistance has not been systematically demonstrated. In this study, we will review the radioresistance induced by STAT3 and relative solutions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
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30
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Zou X, Hu Z, Huang C, Chang J. A Seven-Gene Signature with Close Immune Correlation Was Identified for Survival Prediction of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924269. [PMID: 32613949 PMCID: PMC7350533 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma is the most life-threatening malignancy with high incidence and poor long-term survival. The crucial role of tumor immunity reveals the significance of exploring immune-related prognostic predictors in lung adenocarcinoma. Material/Methods Immune-related genes were screened out applying the ESTIMATE algorithm. The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) dataset was trained for the construction of Cox proportional hazard model. Univariate Cox and Lasso regression analysis was conducted to reduce the overfitting of model. Nomogram integrated the signature and clinicopathological characteristics was established for prognosis prediction of LUAD. The GSE30219, GSE41271, and GSE42127 datasets were analyzed for external validation. LUAD patients were separated into low-risk and high-risk subgroups based on the optimum cutoff threshold of calculated risk score. The predictive value of the signature was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Harrell’s C-index, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calibration curve. Clinical- and immune-correlation of the signature was further performed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed for functional exploration. Results An immune-related signature containing 7 genes was identified. The signature exhibited reliable performance in the prediction of overall survival for LUAD with the C-index being 0.72. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the model in 1-year risk prediction were 0.781, 0.797, 0.659, and 0.822 for TCGA-LUAD, GSE30219, GSE41271, and GSE42127 datasets, respectively. In all datasets, the signature proved to an independent risk factor for LUAD. Correlation analyses and GSEA further revealed the close relationship between the predictive biomarker and tumor immunity. Conclusions A Cox proportional hazard model consisting of 7 genes was identified for prognostic prediction of LUAD. The signature was highly correlated with immunity and deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zou
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihuang Hu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Changjing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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31
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Zhou ZG, Chen JB, Zhang RX, Ye L, Wang JC, Pan YX, Wang XH, Li WX, Zhang YJ, Xu L, Chen MS. Tescalcin is an unfavorable prognosis factor that regulats cell proliferation and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:355-369. [PMID: 32609436 PMCID: PMC7427307 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem and a primary cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Although great advances have achieved recently by large‐scale high‐throughput analysis, the precise molecular mechanism underlying HCC progression remains to be clearly elucidated. We investigated the relationship between Tescalcin (TESC), a candidate oncogene, and clinicopathological features of HCC patients and explored the role of TECS in HCC development. Methods To identify new genes involved in HCC development, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas liver cancer database, and TESC was selected for further investigation. HCC tissue microarray analysis for TESC and its association with clinicopathological features were performed to investigate its clinical significance. TESC was knocked down by using short‐hairpin RNAs. Cell proliferation was analyzed by WST‐1 assay and cell counting. Cell apoptosis was tested by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice was established to determine the in vivo function of TESC. Affymetrix microarray was used to identify its molecular mechanism. Results TESC was significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal liver tissues. High expression of TESC was detected in 61 of 172 HCC patients by tissue microarray. Large tumor (> 5 cm) and elevated total bilirubin were associated with high TESC expression (both P < 0.050). In multivariate analysis, TESC was identified as an independent prognostic factor for short overall survival of HCC patients. TESC knockdown impaired HCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. TESC knockdown significantly increased cell apoptosis in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, Affymetrix microarray analysis revealed that TESC knockdown inhibited tumor proliferation‐related pathways while activated cell death‐related pathways. Conclusion TESC was identified as an independent prognostic factor for short overall survival of HCC patients, and was critical for HCC cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Guo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Colorectal Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Xun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Hsieh CH, Chu CY, Lin SE, Yang YCS, Chang HS, Yen Y. TESC Promotes TGF-α/EGFR-FOXM1-Mediated Tumor Progression in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051105. [PMID: 32365487 PMCID: PMC7281536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively uncommon but highly lethal malignancy. Improving outcomes in patients depends on earlier diagnosis and appropriate treatment; however, no satisfactory diagnostic biomarkers or targeted therapies are currently available. To address this shortcoming, we analyzed the transcriptomic datasets of cholangiocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and found that TESC is highly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma. Elevated cellular levels of TESC are correlated with larger tumor size and predict a poor survival outcome for patients. Knockdown of TESC via RNA interference suppresses tumor growth. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that silencing of TESC decreases the level of FOXM1, leading to cell cycle arrest. Correlation analysis revealed that the cellular level of TESC is correlated with that of FOXM1 in cholangiocarcinoma patients. We further observed that upon TGF-α induction, TESC is upregulated through the EGFR-STAT3 pathway and mediates TGF-α-induced tumor cell proliferation. In vivo experiments revealed that knockdown of TESC significantly attenuates tumor cell growth. Therefore, our data provide novel insight into TESC-mediated oncogenesis and reveal that TESC is a potential biomarker or serves as a therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Hsieh
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Chu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- CRISPR Gene Targeting Core Lab, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S.H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Shu Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 1588); Fax: +886-2-2378-7795
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Dinh TA, Sritharan R, Smith FD, Francisco AB, Ma RK, Bunaciu RP, Kanke M, Danko CG, Massa AP, Scott JD, Sethupathy P. Hotspots of Aberrant Enhancer Activity in Fibrolamellar Carcinoma Reveal Candidate Oncogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107509. [PMID: 32294439 PMCID: PMC7474926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare, therapeutically intractable liver cancer that disproportionately affects youth. Although FLC tumors exhibit a distinct gene expression profile, the chromatin regulatory landscape and the genes most critical for tumor cell survival remain unclear. Here, we use chromatin run-on sequencing to discover ∼7,000 enhancers and 141 enhancer hotspots activated in FLC relative to nonmalignant liver. Bioinformatic analyses reveal aberrant ERK/MEK signaling and candidate master transcriptional regulators. We also define the genes most strongly associated with hotspots of FLC enhancer activity, including CA12 and SLC16A14. Treatment of FLC cell models with inhibitors of CA12 or SLC16A14 independently reduce cell viability and/or significantly enhance the effect of the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib. These findings highlight molecular targets for drug development, as well as drug combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Dinh
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ramja Sritharan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - F Donelson Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam B Francisco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rosanna K Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Charles G Danko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew P Massa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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35
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Chen C, Gupta P, Parashar D, Nair GG, George J, Geethadevi A, Wang W, Tsaih SW, Bradley W, Ramchandran R, Rader JS, Chaluvally-Raghavan P, Pradeep S. ERBB3-induced furin promotes the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer via the IGF1R/STAT3 signaling axis. Oncogene 2020; 39:2921-2933. [PMID: 32029900 PMCID: PMC7346970 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma, accounts for up to 70% of all ovarian cases. Furin, a proprotein convertase, is highly expressed in high-grade serous carcinoma of ovarian cancer patients, and its expression is even higher in tumor omentum than in normal omentum, the preferred site of ovarian cancer metastasis. The proteolytic actions of this cellular endoprotease helps the maturation of several important precursors of protein substrates and its levels increase the risk of several cancer. We show that furin activates the IGF1R/STAT3 signaling axis in ovarian cancer cells. Conversely, furin knockdown downregulated IGF1R-β and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) expression. Further, silencing furin reduced tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our findings show that furin can be an effective therapeutic target for ovarian cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Prachi Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Gopakumar G Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jasmine George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Anjali Geethadevi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Metrohealth Medical Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - William Bradley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Pradeep Chaluvally-Raghavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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36
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Mehrgou A, Ebadollahi S, Jameie B, Teimourian S. Analysis of subtype-specific and common Gene/MiRNA expression profiles of four main breast cancer subtypes using bioinformatic approach; Characterization of four genes, and two MicroRNAs with possible diagnostic and prognostic values. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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37
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He N, Xiao C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Du L, Feng Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Ji K, Wang J, Zhang M, Xu C, Liu Q. Radiation Responses of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Different Sources. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819893210. [PMID: 31839760 PMCID: PMC6902398 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819893210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues may aid in the regeneration of radiation-induced organ lesions; however, the radiation responses of human MSCs from different sources are unknown. In our study, a comparison of the results from cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA repair assays consistently showed that MSCs derived from adipose tissue possess a significantly stronger radiation resistance capacity than MSCs derived from umbilical cord and gingival, which is accompanied by a higher level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) expression. This reminds us Stat3 could be a potential biomarker of radiation resistance. These findings provide a better understanding of radiation-induced biologic responses in MSCs and may lead to the development of better strategies for stem cell treatment and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Changyan Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin people's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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38
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Park SY, Lee CJ, Choi JH, Kim JH, Kim JW, Kim JY, Nam JS. The JAK2/STAT3/CCND2 Axis promotes colorectal Cancer stem cell persistence and radioresistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:399. [PMID: 31511084 PMCID: PMC6737692 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy (RT) is a highly effective multimodal nonsurgical treatment that is essential for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, cell subpopulations displaying intrinsic radioresistance survive after RT. The reactivation of their proliferation and successful colonization at local or distant sites may increase the risk of poor clinical outcomes. Recently, radioresistant cancer cells surviving RT were reported to exhibit a more aggressive phenotype than parental cells, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods By investigating public databases containing CRC patient data, we explored potential radioresistance-associated signaling pathways. Then, their mechanistic roles in radioresistance were investigated through multiple validation steps using patient-derived primary CRC cells, human CRC cell lines, and CRC xenografts. Results Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling was activated in radioresistant CRC tissues in correlation with local and distant metastases. JAK2 was preferentially overexpressed in the CRC stem cell subpopulation, which was accompanied by the phosphorylation of STAT proteins, especially STAT3. JAK2/STAT3 signaling played an essential role in promoting tumor initiation and radioresistance by limiting apoptosis and enhancing clonogenic potential. Mechanistically, the direct binding of STAT3 to the cyclin D2 (CCND2) promoter increased CCND2 transcription. CCND2 expression was required for persistent cancer stem cell (CSC) growth via the maintenance of an intact cell cycle and proliferation with low levels of DNA damage accumulation. Conclusion Herein, we first identified JAK2/STAT3/CCND2 signaling as a resistance mechanism for the persistent growth of CSCs after RT, suggesting potential biomarkers and regimens for improving outcomes among CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Jae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hyun Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Liu C, Xing H, Guo C, Yang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y. MiR-124 reversed the doxorubicin resistance of breast cancer stem cells through STAT3/HIF-1 signaling pathways. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2215-2227. [PMID: 31286834 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1638182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Various drug treatments including doxorubicin (DOX) have been proved efficient in the suppression of breast cancer. Nonetheless, drug resistance became an obstacle in the therapeutic process. According to recent literatures, breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were considered contributing to drug resistance, besides, microRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate proteins associated with drug resistance in human breast cancer. To further understand the inner mechanism of drug resistance in breast cancer and look for remedy methods, we referred to bioinformatic analysis and predicted that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and miR-124 was overexpressed in MCF7-R cells (MCF7 cells resistant to DOX) compared with MCF cells. Expression levels of RNA and protein were separately determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Dual luciferase assay was performed to verify the targeting relationship between STAT3 and miR-124. Optical density (OD) values and apoptotic rates of cells were respectively determined via MTT assays and flow cytometric analysis. Cell invasion was detected to verify drug resistance. Results of above assays indicated that STAT3 was highly expressed in MCF7-R cells than in MCF7 cell lines and affected doxorubicin resistance of BCSCs, and miR-124 reversed the doxorubicin resistance of breast cancer stem cells through targeting STAT3 to control the HIF-1 signaling pathway. To conclude, this research may be valuable for the treatment of breast cancer as the restoration of miR-124 and inhibition of STAT3 could be applied to therapeutic strategy and help overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Hua Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Zhaoying Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Yingying Wang
- The forth department of neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , China
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40
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Huang WC, Kuo KT, Wang CH, Yeh CT, Wang Y. Cisplatin resistant lung cancer cells promoted M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages via the Src/CD155/MIF functional pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:180. [PMID: 31036057 PMCID: PMC6489343 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer often ranks one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. One of the most challenging aspects of treating late-stage lung cancer patients is the development of drug resistance, from both conventional chemo- and targeted therapeutic agents. Tumor-associated microphages (TAMs) have been shown to promote the survival and distant metastasis of lung cancer cells. METHODS This study investigated the TAMs - modulating potential of cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549R and H460R by using bioinformatics approach, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, migration, invasion, colony, lung sphere formation and xenograft tumorigenecity assays. RESULTS In this study, we first demonstrated the elevated expression of oncogenic and stemenss markers such as Src, Notch1, macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) and CD155 in trained cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant A549 and H460 cells (A549R and H460R cells). When co-cultured with TAMs, A549R and H460R cells promoted the M2-polarization in TAMs. In addition, A549R and H460R cells showed an increased self-renewal ability as they formed tumor spheres at higher frequency comparing to their parental counterparts. The increased MIF secretion by the A549R and H460R cells could be suppressed by a multiple kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, which resulted in the decreased of oncogenic network of Src, CD155 and MIF expression. Similarly, dasatinib treatment reduced the M2 polarization in TAMs and suppressed self-renewal ability of the A549R and H460R cells. CONCLUSION In summary, cisplatin resistant lung cancer cells not only showed an increased self-renewal ability but also promoted M2 polarization of TAMs via the secretion of MIF. These findings were linked to the increased Src-associated signaling as dasatinib treatment significantly reversed these phenomena. Thus, kinase inhibitors such as dasatinib may be of potential for treating cisplatin-resistant lung cancer by targeting both tumor and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Huang
- MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliation Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Tzeng YDT, Liu PF, Li JY, Liu LF, Kuo SY, Hsieh CW, Lee CH, Wu CH, Hsiao M, Chang HT, Shu CW. Kinome-Wide siRNA Screening Identifies Src-Enhanced Resistance of Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1285. [PMID: 30473665 PMCID: PMC6238227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy is the main treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lack molecular markers for diagnosis and therapy. Cancer cells activate chemoresistant pathways and lead to therapeutic failure for patients with TNBC. Several kinases have been identified as chemoresistant genes. However, the involvement of kinases in the chemoresistance in TNBC cells is not fully understood. Methods: We employed a kinome siRNA library to screen whether targeting any kinases could increase the chemosensitivity of TNBC cell lines. The effects of kinase on cell viability in various breast cancer cells were validated with ATP level and colony formation. Protein expression and phosphorylation were determined by immunoblotting. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was collected to analyze the correlation of Src expression with prognosis of TNBC patients. Results: Primary screening and validation for the initial hits showed that Src kinase was a potential doxorubicin-resistant kinase in the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T. Both siRNA against Src and the Src inhibitor dasatinib enhanced the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin in TNBC cells. Moreover, phosphorylation of AKT and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), downstream effectors of Src, were accordingly decreased in Src-silenced or -inhibited TNBC cells. Additionally, TCGA data analysis indicated that Src expression levels in tumor tissues were higher than those in tumor-adjacent normal tissues in patients with TNBC. High co-expression level of Src and STAT3 was also significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients. Conclusion: Our results showed that Src-STAT3 axis might be involved in chemoresistance of TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yueh Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Feng Liu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Soong-Yu Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wei Hsieh
- Institute of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kim IG, Lee JH, Kim SY, Hwang HM, Kim TR, Cho EW. Hypoxia-inducible transgelin 2 selects epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and γ-radiation-resistant subtypes by focal adhesion kinase-associated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor activation in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3519-3531. [PMID: 30191639 PMCID: PMC6215889 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment, such as hypoxia common to cancer, plays a critical role in the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, which is a major route of cancer metastasis and confers γ‐radiation resistance to cells. Herein, we showed that transgelin 2 (TAGLN2), an actin‐binding protein, is significantly induced in hypoxic lung cancer cells and that Snail1 is simultaneously increased, which induces EMT by downregulating E‐cadherin expression. Forced TAGLN2 expression induced severe cell death; however, a small population of cells surviving after forced TAGLN2 overexpression showed γ‐radiation resistance, which might promote tumor relapse and recurrence. These surviving cells showed high metastatic activity with an increase of EMT markers including Snail1. In these cells, TAGLN2 activated the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor β (IGF1Rβ)/PI3K/AKT pathway by recruitment of focal adhesion kinase to the IGF1R signaling complex. Activation of the IGF1Rβ/PI3K/AKT pathway also induced inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which is involved in Snail1 stabilization. Therefore, both the IGF1Rβ inhibitor (AG1024) and the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or AKT inactivation with MK2206 lower the cellular level of Snail1. Involvement of GSK3β was also confirmed by treatment with lithium chloride, the inducer of GSK3β phosphorylation, or MG132, the 26S proteasomal inhibitor, which also stabilized Snail1. In conclusion, the present study provides important evidence that hypoxia‐inducible TAGLN2 is involved in the selection of cancer cells with enhanced EMT properties to overcome the detrimental environment of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jei-Ha Lee
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hai-Min Hwang
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Wie Cho
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
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