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Agarwal H, Bynum RC, Saleh N, Harris D, MacCuaig WM, Kim V, Sanderson EJ, Dennahy IS, Singh R, Behkam B, Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Jain A, Edil BH, McNally LR. Theranostic nanoparticles for detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1983. [PMID: 39140128 PMCID: PMC11328968 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most recalcitrant cancers due to its late diagnosis, poor therapeutic response, and highly heterogeneous microenvironment. Nanotechnology has the potential to overcome some of the challenges to improve diagnostics and tumor-specific drug delivery but they have not been plausibly viable in clinical settings. The review focuses on active targeting strategies to enhance pancreatic tumor-specific uptake for nanoparticles. Additionally, this review highlights using actively targeted liposomes, micelles, gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, and iron oxide nanoparticles to improve pancreatic tumor targeting. Active targeting of nanoparticles toward either differentially expressed receptors or PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) using peptides, antibodies, small molecules, polysaccharides, and hormones has been presented. We focus on microenvironment-based hallmarks of PDAC and the potential for actively targeted nanoparticles to overcome the challenges presented in PDAC. It describes the use of nanoparticles as contrast agents for improved diagnosis and the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents that target various aspects within the TME of PDAC. Additionally, we review emerging nano-contrast agents detected using imaging-based technologies and the role of nanoparticles in energy-based treatments of PDAC. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happy Agarwal
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ryan C Bynum
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nada Saleh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Danielle Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - William M MacCuaig
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Emma J Sanderson
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Isabel S Dennahy
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Barish H Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lacey R McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Segatto NV, Simões LD, Bender CB, Sousa FS, Oliveira TL, Paschoal JDF, Pacheco BS, Lopes I, Seixas FK, Qazi A, Thomas FM, Chaki S, Robertson N, Newsom J, Patel S, Rund LA, Jordan LR, Bolt C, Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Collares TV. Oncopig bladder cancer cells recapitulate human bladder cancer treatment responses in vitro. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1323422. [PMID: 38469237 PMCID: PMC10926022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1323422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bladder cancer is a common neoplasia of the urinary tract that holds the highest cost of lifelong treatment per patient, highlighting the need for a continuous search for new therapies for the disease. Current bladder cancer models are either imperfect in their ability to translate results to clinical practice (mouse models), or rare and not inducible (canine models). Swine models are an attractive alternative to model the disease due to their similarities with humans on several levels. The Oncopig Cancer Model has been shown to develop tumors that closely resemble human tumors. However, urothelial carcinoma has not yet been studied in this platform. Methods We aimed to develop novel Oncopig bladder cancer cell line (BCCL) and investigate whether these urothelial swine cells mimic human bladder cancer cell line (5637 and T24) treatment-responses to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine in vitro. Results Results demonstrated consistent treatment responses between Oncopig and human cells in most concentrations tested (p>0.05). Overall, Oncopig cells were more predictive of T24 than 5637 cell therapeutic responses. Microarray analysis also demonstrated similar alterations in expression of apoptotic (GADD45B and TP53INP1) and cytoskeleton-related genes (ZMYM6 and RND1) following gemcitabine exposure between 5637 (human) and Oncopig BCCL cells, indicating apoptosis may be triggered through similar signaling pathways. Molecular docking results indicated that swine and humans had similar Dg values between the chemotherapeutics and their target proteins. Discussion Taken together, these results suggest the Oncopig could be an attractive animal to model urothelial carcinoma due to similarities in in vitro therapeutic responses compared to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália V. Segatto
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas D. Simões
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila B. Bender
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S. Sousa
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais L. Oliveira
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlia D. F. Paschoal
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna S. Pacheco
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isadora Lopes
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K. Seixas
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aisha Qazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Faith M. Thomas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sulalita Chaki
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Shovik Patel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Laurie A. Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Luke R. Jordan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Sus Clinicals Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Courtni Bolt
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Sus Clinicals Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Sus Clinicals Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tiago V. Collares
- Technology Development Center, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Jin Q, Liu X, Zhuang Z, Huang J, Gou S, Shi H, Zhao Y, Ouyang Z, Liu Z, Li L, Mao J, Ge W, Chen F, Yu M, Guan Y, Ye Y, Tang C, Huang R, Wang K, Lai L. Doxycycline-dependent Cas9-expressing pig resources for conditional in vivo gene nullification and activation. Genome Biol 2023; 24:8. [PMID: 36650523 PMCID: PMC9843877 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR-based toolkits have dramatically increased the ease of genome and epigenome editing. SpCas9 is the most widely used nuclease. However, the difficulty of delivering SpCas9 and inability to modulate its expression in vivo hinder its widespread adoption in large animals. RESULTS Here, to circumvent these obstacles, a doxycycline-inducible SpCas9-expressing (DIC) pig model was generated by precise knock-in of the binary tetracycline-inducible expression elements into the Rosa26 and Hipp11 loci, respectively. With this pig model, in vivo and/or in vitro genome and epigenome editing could be easily realized. On the basis of the DIC system, a convenient Cas9-based conditional knockout strategy was devised through controlling the expression of rtTA component by tissue-specific promoter, which allows the one-step generation of germline-inherited pigs enabling in vivo spatiotemporal control of gene function under simple chemical induction. To validate the feasibility of in vivo gene mutation with DIC pigs, primary and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was developed by delivering a single AAV6 vector containing TP53-sgRNA, LKB1-sgRNA, and mutant human KRAS gene into the adult pancreases. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest that DIC pig resources will provide a powerful tool for conditional in vivo genome and epigenome modification for fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jin
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhuang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiayuan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Shixue Gou
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Hui Shi
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Lei Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Mao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Weikai Ge
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Fangbing Chen
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Manya Yu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yezhi Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Yinghua Ye
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Chengcheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Ren Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Kepin Wang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Mondal P, Patel NS, Bailey K, Aravind S, Cartwright SB, Hollingsworth MA, Lazenby AJ, Carlson MA. Induction of pancreatic neoplasia in the KRAS/TP53 Oncopig. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:286617. [PMID: 36579622 PMCID: PMC9884120 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains low. Murine models may not adequately mimic human PC and can be too small for medical device development. A large-animal PC model could address these issues. We induced and characterized pancreatic tumors in Oncopigs (transgenic swine containing KRASG12D and TP53R167H). The oncopigs underwent injection of adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase (AdCre) into one of the main pancreatic ducts. Resultant tumors were characterized by histology, cytokine expression, exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis. Ten of 14 Oncopigs (71%) had gross tumor within 3 weeks. At necropsy, all of these subjects had gastric outlet obstruction secondary to pancreatic tumor and phlegmon. Oncopigs with injections without Cre recombinase and wild-type pigs with AdCre injection did not show notable effect. Exome and transcriptome analysis of the porcine pancreatic tumors revealed similarity to the molecular signatures and pathways of human PC. Although further optimization and validation of this porcine PC model would be beneficial, it is anticipated that this model will be useful for focused research and development of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for PC. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Mondal
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Neesha S. Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Katie Bailey
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Shruthishree Aravind
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Sara B. Cartwright
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Audrey J. Lazenby
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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5
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Boettcher AN, Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Tuggle CK. Swine models for translational oncological research: an evolving landscape and regulatory considerations. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:230-240. [PMID: 34476572 PMCID: PMC8888764 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Swine biomedical models have been gaining in popularity over the last decade, particularly for applications in oncology research. Swine models for cancer research include pigs that have severe combined immunodeficiency for xenotransplantation studies, genetically modified swine models which are capable of developing tumors in vivo, as well as normal immunocompetent pigs. In recent years, there has been a low success rate for the approval of new oncological therapeutics in clinical trials. The two leading reasons for these failures are either due to toxicity and safety issues or lack of efficacy. As all therapeutics must be tested within animal models prior to clinical testing, there are opportunities to expand the ability to assess efficacy and toxicity profiles within the preclinical testing phases of new therapeutics. Most preclinical in vivo testing is performed in mice, canines, and non-human primates. However, swine models are an alternative large animal model for cancer research with similarity to human size, genetics, and physiology. Additionally, tumorigenesis pathways are similar between human and pigs in that similar driver mutations are required for transformation. Due to their larger size, the development of orthotopic tumors is easier than in smaller rodent models; additionally, porcine models can be harnessed for testing of new interventional devices and radiological/surgical approaches as well. Taken together, swine are a feasible option for preclinical therapeutic and device testing. The goals of this resource are to provide a broad overview on regulatory processes required for new therapeutics and devices for use in the clinic, cross-species differences in oncological therapeutic responses, as well as to provide an overview of swine oncology models that have been developed that could be used for preclinical testing to fulfill regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, Illinois, United States,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Animal Sciences, Illinois, United States
| | - Christopher K Tuggle
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, 806 Stange Road, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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6
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Mondal P, Bailey KL, Cartwright SB, Band V, Carlson MA. Large Animal Models of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788038. [PMID: 35186735 PMCID: PMC8855936 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini review the status, advantages, and disadvantages of large animal modeling of breast cancer (BC) will be discussed. While most older studies of large animal BC models utilized canine and feline subjects, more recently there has been interest in development of porcine BC models, with some early promising results for modeling human disease. Widely used rodent models of BC were briefly reviewed to give context to the work on the large animal BC models. Availability of large animal BC models could provide additional tools for BC research, including availability of human-sized subjects and BC models with greater biologic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Mondal
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Katie L. Bailey
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sara B. Cartwright
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Center for Advanced Surgical Technology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,*Correspondence: Mark A. Carlson,
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7
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Principe DR, Underwood PW, Kumar S, Timbers KE, Koch RM, Trevino JG, Munshi HG, Rana A. Loss of SMAD4 Is Associated With Poor Tumor Immunogenicity and Reduced PD-L1 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:806963. [PMID: 35155243 PMCID: PMC8832494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.806963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) is a key mediator of immune evasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and the addition of TGFβ inhibitors in select immunotherapy regimens shows early promise. Though the TGFβ target SMAD4 is deleted in approximately 55% of PDAC tumors, the effects of SMAD4 loss on tumor immunity have yet to be fully explored. Using a combination of genomic databases and PDAC specimens, we found that tumors with loss of SMAD4 have a comparatively poor T-cell infiltrate. SMAD4 loss was also associated with a reduction in several chemokines with known roles in T-cell recruitment, which was recapitulated using knockdown of SMAD4 in PDAC cell lines. Accordingly, JURKAT T-cells were poorly attracted to conditioned media from PDAC cells with knockdown of SMAD4 and lost their ability to produce IFNγ. However, while exogenous TGFβ modestly reduced PD-L1 expression in SMAD4-intact cell lines, SMAD4 and PD-L1 positively correlated in human PDAC samples. PD-L1 status was closely related to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly IFNγ-producing T-cells, which were more abundant in SMAD4-expressing tumors. Low concentrations of IFNγ upregulated PD-L1 in tumor cells in vitro, even when administered alongside high concentrations of TGFβ. Hence, while SMAD4 may have a modest inhibitory effect on PD-L1 in tumor cells, SMAD4 indirectly promotes PD-L1 expression in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment by enhancing T-cell infiltration and IFNγ biosynthesis. These data suggest that pancreatic cancers with loss of SMAD4 represent a poorly immunogenic disease subtype, and SMAD4 status warrants further exploration as a predictive biomarker for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ajay Rana, ; Daniel R. Principe,
| | - Patrick W. Underwood
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kaytlin E. Timbers
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Regina M. Koch
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ajay Rana, ; Daniel R. Principe,
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8
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Principe DR, Timbers KE, Atia LG, Koch RM, Rana A. TGFβ Signaling in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5086. [PMID: 34680235 PMCID: PMC8533869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, largely attributed to incomplete responses to standard therapeutic approaches. Recently, selective inhibitors of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway have shown early promise in the treatment of PDAC, particularly as a means of augmenting responses to chemo- and immunotherapies. However, TGFβ is a potent and pleiotropic cytokine with several seemingly paradoxical roles within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME). Although TGFβ signaling can have potent tumor-suppressive effects in epithelial cells, TGFβ signaling also accelerates pancreatic tumorigenesis by enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, and the evasion of the cytotoxic immune surveillance program. Here, we discuss the known roles of TGFβ signaling in pancreatic carcinogenesis, the biologic consequences of the genetic inactivation of select components of the TGFβ pathway, as well as past and present attempts to advance TGFβ inhibitors in the treatment of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (K.E.T.); (L.G.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Kaytlin E. Timbers
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (K.E.T.); (L.G.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Luke G. Atia
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (K.E.T.); (L.G.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Regina M. Koch
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (K.E.T.); (L.G.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Ajay Rana
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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9
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Porcine pancreatic ductal epithelial cells transformed with KRAS G12D and SV40T are tumorigenic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13436. [PMID: 34183736 PMCID: PMC8238942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe our initial studies in the development of an orthotopic, genetically defined, large animal model of pancreatic cancer. Primary pancreatic epithelial cells were isolated from pancreatic duct of domestic pigs. A transformed cell line was generated from these primary cells with oncogenic KRAS and SV40T. The transformed cell lines outperformed the primary and SV40T immortalized cells in terms of proliferation, population doubling time, soft agar growth, transwell migration and invasion. The transformed cell line grew tumors when injected subcutaneously in nude mice, forming glandular structures and staining for epithelial markers. Future work will include implantation studies of these tumorigenic porcine pancreatic cell lines into the pancreas of allogeneic and autologous pigs. The resultant large animal model of pancreatic cancer could be utilized for preclinical research on diagnostic, interventional, and therapeutic technologies.
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10
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Segatto NV, Bender CB, Seixas FK, Schachtschneider K, Schook L, Robertson N, Qazi A, Carlino M, Jordan L, Bolt C, Collares T. Perspective: Humanized Pig Models of Bladder Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:681044. [PMID: 34079821 PMCID: PMC8165235 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common neoplasia worldwide and holds expensive treatment costs due to its high recurrence rates, resistance to therapy and the need for lifelong surveillance. Thus, it is necessary to improve the current therapy options and identify more effective treatments for BC. Biological models capable of recapitulating the characteristics of human BC pathology are essential in evaluating the effectiveness of new therapies. Currently, the most commonly used BC models are experimentally induced murine models and spontaneous canine models, which are either insufficient due to their small size and inability to translate results to clinical basis (murine models) or rarely spontaneously observed BC (canine models). Pigs represent a potentially useful animal for the development of personalized tumors due to their size, anatomy, physiology, metabolism, immunity, and genetics similar to humans and the ability to experimentally induce tumors. Pigs have emerged as suitable biomedical models for several human diseases. In this sense, the present perspective focuses on the genetic basis for BC; presents current BC animal models available along with their limitations; and proposes the pig as an adequate animal to develop humanized large animal models of BC. Genetic alterations commonly found in human BC can be explored to create genetically defined porcine models, including the BC driver mutations observed in the FGFR3, PIK3CA, PTEN, RB1, HRAS, and TP53 genes. The development of such robust models for BC has great value in the study of pathology and the screening of new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Vieira Segatto
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Camila Bonemann Bender
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kommling Seixas
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Kyle Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Lawrence Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Aisha Qazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Maximillian Carlino
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luke Jordan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Courtni Bolt
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Tiago Collares
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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11
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Jeong S, Park JS, Lee DH. [Large Animal Models in Pancreas and Biliary Disease]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 77:99-103. [PMID: 33758107 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models, which have played important roles in preclinical research of pancreas and biliary diseases, have some limitations to translating data from rodent models to human diseases. Large animal models have recently been developed to overcome these limitations and perform translational research of medical devices and drugs in pancreas and biliary diseases. Preclinical studies using large animal models are necessary before clinical application, especially for the research and development of equipment, instrumentation, and techniques in pancreato-biliary diseases. As long as the endoscope used in humans can enter an organ, there appears to be no limitation in terms of species or organ for endoscopic experiments of large animal models. Investigators have mainly used swine for pancreas and biliary endoscopic experiments. Until now, unique swine models that investigators have been established include the normal bile duct model, bile duct dilation model, bile duct dilation+direct peroral cholangioscopy model, benign biliary stricture model, hilar biliary obstruction model, and acute pancreatitis (post-ERCP pancreatitis) model. Many preclinical studies have been performed using these established endoscopy-based large animal models to develop novel medical devices. Furthermore, porcine pancreatic cancer models induced by a transgenic or orthotopic method are currently under development. These models appear to be available for general use in the future and will have multiple potential preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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12
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Yang HJ, Song BS, Sim BW, Jung Y, Chae U, Lee DG, Cha JJ, Baek SJ, Lim KS, Choi WS, Lee HY, Son HC, Park SH, Jeong KJ, Kang P, Baek SH, Koo BS, Kim HN, Jin YB, Park YH, Choo YK, Kim SU. Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Miniature Pig Pancreatic Cell Lines Expressing Oncogenic K-Ras G12D. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228820. [PMID: 33233448 PMCID: PMC7700231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many studies on the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer have been conducted. However, pancreatic cancer remains incurable, with a high mortality rate. Although mouse models have been widely used for preclinical pancreatic cancer research, these models have many differences from humans. Therefore, large animals may be more useful for the investigation of pancreatic cancer. Pigs have recently emerged as a new model of pancreatic cancer due to their similarities to humans, but no pig pancreatic cancer cell lines have been established for use in drug screening or analysis of tumor biology. Here, we established and characterized an immortalized miniature pig pancreatic cell line derived from primary pancreatic cells and pancreatic cancer-like cells expressing K-rasG12D regulated by the human PTF1A promoter. Using this immortalized cell line, we analyzed the gene expression and phenotypes associated with cancer cell characteristics. Notably, we found that acinar-to-ductal transition was caused by K-rasG12D in the cell line constructed from acinar cells. This may constitute a good research model for the analysis of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jun Yang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Yena Jung
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Unbin Chae
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Jae-Jin Cha
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Seo-Jong Baek
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Won Seok Choi
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Hee-Chang Son
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Han-Na Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (W.S.C.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-J.J.); (S.H.B.); (B.-S.K.); (H.-N.K.); (Y.B.J.)
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-S.S.); (B.-W.S.); (Y.J.); (U.C.); (D.G.L.); (J.-J.C.); (S.-J.B.); (K.S.L.); (H.-Y.L.); (H.-C.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-K.C.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
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13
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Harman RM, Das SP, Bartlett AP, Rauner G, Donahue LR, Van de Walle GR. Beyond tradition and convention: benefits of non-traditional model organisms in cancer research. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:47-69. [PMID: 33111160 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional laboratory model organisms are indispensable for cancer research and have provided insight into numerous mechanisms that contribute to cancer development and progression in humans. However, these models do have some limitations, most notably related to successful drug translation, because traditional model organisms are often short-lived, small-bodied, genetically homogeneous, often immunocompromised, are not exposed to natural environments shared with humans, and usually do not develop cancer spontaneously. We propose that assimilating information from a variety of long-lived, large, genetically diverse, and immunocompetent species that live in natural environments and do develop cancer spontaneously (or do not develop cancer at all) will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of human cancers. These non-traditional model organisms can also serve as sentinels for environmental risk factors that contribute to human cancers. Ultimately, expanding the range of animal models that can be used to study cancer will lead to improved insights into cancer development, progression and metastasis, tumor microenvironment, as well as improved therapies and diagnostics, and will consequently reduce the negative impacts of the wide variety of cancers afflicting humans overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sanjna P Das
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arianna P Bartlett
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gat Rauner
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Leanne R Donahue
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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14
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Boas FE, Nurili F, Bendet A, Cheleuitte-Nieves C, Basturk O, Askan G, Michel AO, Monette S, Ziv E, Sofocleous CT, Maxwell AWP, Schook LB, Solomon SB, Kelsen DP, Scherz A, Yarmohammadi H. Induction and characterization of pancreatic cancer in a transgenic pig model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239391. [PMID: 32956389 PMCID: PMC7505440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical testing of new locoregional therapies for pancreatic cancer has been challenging, due to the lack of a suitable large animal model. PURPOSE To develop and characterize a porcine model of pancreatic cancer. Unlike small animals, pigs have similar physiology, drug dosing, and immune response to humans. Locoregional therapy in pigs can be performed using the same size catheters and devices as in humans. METHODS The Oncopig is a transgenic pig with Cre-inducible TP53R167H and KRASG12D mutations. In 12 Oncopigs, CT-guided core biopsy of the pancreas was performed. The core biopsy was incubated with an adenoviral vector carrying the Cre recombinase gene. The transformed core biopsy was injected back into the pancreas (head, tail, or both). The resulting tumors (n = 19) were characterized on multi-phase contrast-enhanced CT, and on pathology, including immunohistochemistry. Angiographic characterization of the tumors was performed in 3 pigs. RESULTS Pancreatic tumors developed at 19 out of 22 sites (86%) that were inoculated. Average tumor size was 3.0 cm at 1 week (range: 0.5-5.1 cm). H&E and immunohistochemical stains revealed undifferentiated carcinomas, similar to those of the pancreatobiliary system in humans. Neoplastic cells were accompanied by a major inflammatory component. 1 of 12 pigs only had inflammatory nodules without evidence of neoplasia. On multiphase CT, tumors were hypovascular compared to the normal pancreas. There was no pancreatic duct dilation. In 3 pigs, angiography was performed, and in all 3 cases, the artery supplying the pancreatic tumor could be catheterized using a 2.4 F microcatheter. Selective angiography showed the pancreatic tumor, without extra-pancreatic perfusion. CONCLUSION Pancreatic cancer can be induced in a transgenic pig. Intra-arterial procedures using catheters designed for human interventions were technically feasible in this large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Edward Boas
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fuad Nurili
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Achiude Bendet
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Olca Basturk
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gokce Askan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adam O. Michel
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Etay Ziv
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Constantinos T. Sofocleous
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aaron W. P. Maxwell
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Solomon
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David P. Kelsen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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15
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Robertson N, Schook LB, Schachtschneider KM. Porcine cancer models: potential tools to enhance cancer drug trials. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:893-902. [PMID: 32378979 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1757644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The amount of time and money invested into cancer drug research, development, and clinical trials has continually increased over the past few decades. Despite record high cancer drug approval rates, cancer remains a leading cause of death. This suggests the need for more effective tools to help bring novel therapies to clinical practice in a timely manner. AREAS COVERED In this review, current issues associated with clinical trials are discussed, specifically focusing on poor accrual rates and time for trial completion. In addition, details regarding preclinical studies required before advancing to clinical trials are discussed, including advantages and limitations of current preclinical animal cancer models and their relevance to human cancer trials. Finally, new translational porcine cancer models (Oncopig Cancer Model (OCM)) are presented as potential co-clinical trial models. EXPERT OPINION In order to address issues impacting the poor success rate of oncology clinical trials, we propose the incorporation of the transformative OCM 'co-clinical trial' pathway into the cancer drug approval process. Due to the Oncopig's high homology to humans and similar tumor phenotypes, their utilization can provide improved preclinical prediction of both drug safety and efficacy prior to investing significant time and money in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Robertson
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Kalla D, Kind A, Schnieke A. Genetically Engineered Pigs to Study Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E488. [PMID: 31940967 PMCID: PMC7013672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have seen groundbreaking advances in cancer research. Genetically engineered animal models, mainly in mice, have contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in cancer. However, mice are not ideal for translating basic research into studies closer to the clinic. There is a need for complementary information provided by non-rodent species. Pigs are well suited for translational biomedical research as they share many similarities with humans such as body and organ size, aspects of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and can provide valuable means of developing and testing novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Porcine oncology is a new field, but it is clear that replication of key oncogenic mutation in pigs can usefully mimic several human cancers. This review briefly outlines the technology used to generate genetically modified pigs, provides an overview of existing cancer models, their applications and how the field may develop in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.K.); (A.K.)
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17
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Saloman JL, Albers KM, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Davis BM, Edderkaoui M, Eibl G, Epouhe AY, Gedeon JY, Gorelick FS, Grippo PJ, Groblewski GE, Husain SZ, Lai KK, Pandol SJ, Uc A, Wen L, Whitcomb DC. Animal Models: Challenges and Opportunities to Determine Optimal Experimental Models of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2019; 48:759-779. [PMID: 31206467 PMCID: PMC6581211 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At the 2018 PancreasFest meeting, experts participating in basic research met to discuss the plethora of available animal models for studying exocrine pancreatic disease. In particular, the discussion focused on the challenges currently facing the field and potential solutions. That meeting culminated in this review, which describes the advantages and limitations of both common and infrequently used models of exocrine pancreatic disease, namely, pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic cancer. The objective is to provide a comprehensive description of the available models but also to provide investigators with guidance in the application of these models to investigate both environmental and genetic contributions to exocrine pancreatic disease. The content covers both nongenic and genetically engineered models across multiple species (large and small). Recommendations for choosing the appropriate model as well as how to conduct and present results are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L. Saloman
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kathryn M. Albers
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian M. Davis
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Basic and Translational Pancreas Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ariel Y. Epouhe
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeremy Y. Gedeon
- Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Fred S. Gorelick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases & Department of Cell Biology Yale University School of Medicine; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT
| | - Paul J. Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Guy E. Groblewski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Keane K.Y. Lai
- Department of Pathology (National Medical Center), Department of Molecular Medicine (Beckman Research Institute), and Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
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18
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Singhal M, Khatibeghdami M, Principe DR, Mancinelli GE, Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Grippo PJ, Grimaldo SR. TM4SF18 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer and regulates cell growth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211711. [PMID: 30897168 PMCID: PMC6428261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) only modestly impact survival and can be highly toxic. A greater understanding of the molecules regulating this disease is critical for identifying new drug targets and developing more effective therapies. The L6 family of proteins are known to be positive regulators of tumor growth and metastasis among various cancers. However, little is known about the L6 family member TM4SF18. We investigated the expression and localization of the TM4SF18 protein in normal human pancreas and in PDAC tissue. Utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis, our studies for the first time demonstrate that TM4SF18 is highly expressed in PDAC tumor epithelium. Furthermore, we identified TM4SF18 to be expressed in normal acinar tissue and weakly expressed in normal ducts. Although there is minimal expression in normal ducts, we observed increased TM4SF18 levels in preneoplastic ducts and tumor epithelium. To investigate a functional role of TM4SF18 in PDAC we developed stably-expressing inducible shRNA pancreatic cancer cell lines. Knockdown of the TM4SF18 protein led to a significant decrease in Capan-1 cell growth as measured by the MTT assay, demonstrating this molecule to be a novel regulator of PDAC. Uniquely there is no ortholog of the TM4SF18 gene in mouse or rat prompting us to seek other in vivo experimental models. Using IHC and western blot analysis, expression of TM4SF18 was confirmed in the porcine PDAC model, thus we establish an alternative model to investigate this gene. TM4SF18 represents a promising novel biomarker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Singhal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mahsa Khatibeghdami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Principe
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Georgina E. Mancinelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sam R. Grimaldo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Bailey KL, Carlson MA. Porcine Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:144. [PMID: 30915276 PMCID: PMC6423062 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women. The 5-year survival rate for metastatic pancreatic cancer is only 8%. There remains a need for improved early diagnosis and therapy for pancreatic cancer. Murine models are the current standard for preclinical study of pancreatic cancer. However, mice may not accurately reflect human biology because of a variety of differences between the two species. Remarkably, only 5-8% of anti-cancer drugs that have emerged from preclinical studies and entered clinical studies have ultimately been approved for clinical use. The cause of this poor approval rate is multi-factorial, but may in part be due to use of murine models that have limited accuracy with respect to human disease. Murine models also have limited utility in the development of diagnostic or interventional technology that require a human-sized model. So, at present, there remains a need for improved animal models of pancreatic cancer. The rationale for a porcine model of pancreatic cancer is (i) to enable development of diagnostic/therapeutic devices for which murine models have limited utility; and (ii) to have a highly predictive preclinical model in which anti-cancer therapies can be tested and optimized prior to a clinical trial. Recently, pancreatic tumors were induced in transgenic Oncopigs and porcine pancreatic ductal cells were transformed that contain oncogenic KRAS and p53-null mutations. Both techniques to induce pancreatic tumors in pigs are undergoing further refinement and expansion. The Oncopig currently is commercially available, and it is conceivable that other porcine models of pancreatic cancer may be available for general use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Bailey
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Department of Surgery and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Surgery, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States,*Correspondence: Mark A. Carlson
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20
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Xu C, Wu S, Schook LB, Schachtschneider KM. Translating Human Cancer Sequences Into Personalized Porcine Cancer Models. Front Oncol 2019; 9:105. [PMID: 30873383 PMCID: PMC6401626 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is rapidly rising, and despite an improved understanding of cancer molecular biology, immune landscapes, and advancements in cytotoxic, biologic, and immunologic anti-cancer therapeutics, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer is caused by the accumulation of a series of gene mutations called driver mutations that confer selective growth advantages to tumor cells. As cancer therapies move toward personalized medicine, predictive modeling of the role driver mutations play in tumorigenesis and therapeutic susceptibility will become essential. The development of next-generation sequencing technology has made the evaluation of mutated genes possible in clinical practice, allowing for identification of driver mutations underlying cancer development in individual patients. This, combined with recent advances in gene editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 enables development of personalized tumor models for prediction of treatment responses for mutational profiles observed clinically. Pigs represent an ideal animal model for development of personalized tumor models due to their similar size, anatomy, physiology, metabolism, immunity, and genetics compared to humans. Such models would support new initiatives in precision medicine, provide approaches to create disease site tumor models with designated spatial and temporal clinical outcomes, and create standardized tumor models analogous to human tumors to enable therapeutic studies. In this review, we discuss the process of utilizing genomic sequencing approaches, gene editing technologies, and transgenic porcine cancer models to develop clinically relevant, personalized large animal cancer models for use in co-clinical trials, ultimately improving treatment stratification and translation of novel therapeutic approaches to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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