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Cui Z, Zhang L, Hu G, Zhang F. Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Communications, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Potential. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:711-726. [PMID: 38844744 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, membrane-bound vesicles released from cells into the extracellular environment. They originate from either endosomes or the cell membrane and typically include exosomes and microvesicles. These EVs serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a variety of contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which regulate the physiological and pathological processes of target cells. Moreover, the molecular cargo of EVs can reflect critical information about the originating cells, making them potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Over the past decade, the role of EVs as key communicators between cell types in cardiovascular physiology and pathology has gained increasing recognition. EVs from different cellular sources, or from the same source under different cellular conditions, can have distinct impacts on the management, diagnosis, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the influence of cardiovascular-derived EVs on the metabolism of peripheral organs. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the field of cardiovascular research with respect to the roles and implications of EVs. Our goal is to provide new insights and directions for the early prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential and diagnostic value of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guangyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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2
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Li H, Zhang J, Tan M, Yin Y, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yan L, Li N, Zhang X, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. Exosomes based strategies for cardiovascular diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122544. [PMID: 38579591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), are secreted by all types of cells to facilitate intercellular communication in living organisms. After being taken up by neighboring or distant cells, exosomes can alter the expression levels of target genes in recipient cells and thereby affect their pathophysiological outcomes depending on payloads encapsulated therein. The functions and mechanisms of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have attracted much attention in recent years and are thought to have cardioprotective and regenerative potential. This review summarizes the biogenesis and molecular contents of exosomes and details the roles played by exosomes released from various cells in the progression and recovery of cardiovascular disease. The review also discusses the current status of traditional exosomes in cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, pointing out several limitations in their application. It emphasizes that some of the existing emerging industrial or bioengineering technologies are promising to compensate for these shortcomings, and the combined application of exosomes and biomaterials provides an opportunity for mutual enhancement of their performance. The integration of exosome-based cell-free diagnostic and therapeutic options will contribute to the further development of cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Cardiovascular Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, PR China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
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3
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Weavers H. Biological resilience in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050799. [PMID: 39051470 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
All living organisms - from single-celled prokaryotes through to invertebrates and humans - are frequently exposed to numerous challenges during their lifetime, which could damage their molecular and cellular contents and threaten their survival. Nevertheless, these diverse organisms are, on the whole, remarkably resilient to potential threats. Recent years have seen rapid advances in our mechanistic understanding of this emerging phenomenon of biological resilience, which enables cells, tissues and whole organisms to bounce back from challenges or stress. In this At a Glance article, I discuss current knowledge on the diverse molecular mechanisms driving biological resilience across scales, with particular focus on its dynamic and adaptive nature. I highlight emerging evidence that loss of biological resilience could underly numerous pathologies, including age-related frailty and degenerative disease. Finally, I present the multi-disciplinary experimental approaches that are helping to unravel the causal mechanisms of resilience and how this emerging knowledge could be harnessed therapeutically in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Jiang J, Zhang X, Wang H, Spanos M, Jiang F, Ni L, Li J, Li G, Lin Y, Xiao J. Closer to The Heart: Harnessing the Power of Targeted Extracellular Vesicle Therapies. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300141. [PMID: 37953665 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. EVs derived from various origins exhibit distinct effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the application of native EVs is constrained due to their poor stabilities and limited targeting capabilities. Currently, targeted modification of EVs primarily involves genetic engineering, chemical modification (covalent, non-covalent), cell membrane modification, and biomaterial encapsulation. These techniques enhance the stability, biological activity, target-binding capacity, and controlled release of EVs at specific cells and tissues. The diverse origins of cardioprotective EVs are covered, and the applications of cardiac-targeting EV delivery systems in protecting against cardiovascular diseases are discussed. This review summarizes the current stage of research on the potential of EV-based targeted therapies for addressing cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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5
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Benavides S, Palavecino R, Riquelme JA, Montecinos L, Finkelstein JP, Donoso P, Sánchez G. Inhibition of NOX2 or NLRP3 inflammasome prevents cardiac remote ischemic preconditioning. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1327402. [PMID: 38288352 PMCID: PMC10822933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1327402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Short episodes of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in the heart (classical ischemic preconditioning, IPC) or in a limb (remote ischemic preconditioning, RIPC) before a prolonged ischemic episode, reduce the size of the infarct. It is unknown whether IPC and RIPC share common mechanisms of protection. Animals KO for NOX2, a superoxide-producing enzyme, or KO for NLRP3, a protein component of inflammasome, are not protected by IPC. The aim of this study was to investigate if NOX2 or NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in the protection induced by RIPC. Methods: We preconditioned rats using 4 × 5 min periods of IR in the limb with or without a NOX2 inhibitor (apocynin) or an NLRP3 inhibitor (Bay117082). In isolated hearts, we measured the infarct size after 30 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. In hearts from preconditioned rats we measured the activity of NOX2; the mRNA of Nrf2, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase, glutathione dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase and sulfiredoxin by RT-qPCR; the content of glutathione; the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the content of IL-1β and IL-10 in cardiac tissue. In exosomes isolated from plasma, we quantified NOX2 activity. Results: The infarct size after IR decreased from 40% in controls to 9% of the heart volume after RIPC. This protective effect was lost in the presence of both inhibitors. RIPC increased NOX2 activity in the heart and exosomes, as indicated by the increased association of p47phox to the membrane and by the increased oxidation rate of NADPH. RIPC also increased the mRNA of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes. Also, RIPC increased the content of glutathione and the GSH/GSSG ratio. The inflammasome proteins NLRP3, procaspase-1, and caspase-1 were all increased in the hearts of RIPC rats. At the end of RIPC protocol, IL-1β increased in plasma but decreased in cardiac tissue. At the same time, IL-10 did not change in cardiac tissue but increased by 70% during the next 50 min of perfusion. Conclusion: RIPC activates NOX2 which upregulates the heart's antioxidant defenses and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome which stimulates a cardiac anti-inflammatory response. These changes may underlie the decrease in the infarct size induced by RIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Benavides
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Palavecino
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Montecinos
- Physiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pablo Finkelstein
- Physiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Donoso
- Physiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Li Q, Feng Q, Zhou H, Lin C, Sun X, Ma C, Sun L, Guo G, Wang D. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e454. [PMID: 38124785 PMCID: PMC10732331 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly impacts global society since it is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have been extensively investigated. EV delivery is involved in mediating the progression of CVDs and has great potential to be biomarker and therapeutic molecular carrier. Besides, EVs from stem cells and cardiac cells can effectively protect the heart from various pathologic conditions, and then serve as an alternative treatment for CVDs. Moreover, the research of using EVs as delivery carriers of therapeutic molecules, membrane engineering modification of EVs, or combining EVs with biomaterials further improves the application potential of EVs in clinical treatment. However, currently there are only a few articles summarizing the application of EVs in CVDs. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of CVDs. It also focuses on how EVs promote the repair of myocardial injury and therapeutic methods of CVDs. In conclusion, it is of great significance to review the research on the application of EVs in the treatment of CVDs, which lays a foundation for further exploration of the role of EVs, and clarifies the prospect of EVs in the treatment of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Li
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Hepatology Hospital of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of PathogenobiologyJilin University Mycology Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Gongliang Guo
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Baranova K, Nalivaeva N, Rybnikova E. Neuroadaptive Biochemical Mechanisms of Remote Ischemic Conditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17032. [PMID: 38069355 PMCID: PMC10707673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the currently known biochemical neuroadaptive mechanisms of remote ischemic conditioning. In particular, it focuses on the significance of the pro-adaptive effects of remote ischemic conditioning which allow for the prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments associated with hippocampal dysregulation after brain damage. The neuroimmunohumoral pathway transmitting a conditioning stimulus, as well as the molecular basis of the early and delayed phases of neuroprotection, including anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory components, are also outlined. Based on the close interplay between the effects of ischemia, especially those mediated by interaction of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and steroid hormones, the involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in remote ischemic conditioning is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Rybnikova
- I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (K.B.); (N.N.)
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Ughetto A, Roubille F, Molina A, Battistella P, Gaudard P, Demaria R, Guihaire J, Lacampagne A, Delmas C. Heart graft preservation technics and limits: an update and perspectives. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1248606. [PMID: 38028479 PMCID: PMC10657826 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1248606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation, the gold standard treatment for end-stage heart failure, is limited by heart graft shortage, justifying expansion of the donor pool. Currently, static cold storage (SCS) of hearts from donations after brainstem death remains the standard practice, but it is usually limited to 240 min. Prolonged cold ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) have been recognized as major causes of post-transplant graft failure. Continuous ex situ perfusion is a new approach for donor organ management to expand the donor pool and/or increase the utilization rate. Continuous ex situ machine perfusion (MP) can satisfy the metabolic needs of the myocardium, minimizing irreversible ischemic cell damage and cell death. Several hypothermic or normothermic MP methods have been developed and studied, particularly in the preclinical setting, but whether MP is superior to SCS remains controversial. Other approaches seem to be interesting for extending the pool of heart graft donors, such as blocking the paths of apoptosis and necrosis, extracellular vesicle therapy, or donor heart-specific gene therapy. In this systematic review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in IRI during heart transplantation and existing targeting therapies. We also critically evaluate all available data on continuous ex situ perfusion devices for adult donor hearts, highlighting its therapeutic potential and current limitations and shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Ughetto
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - François Roubille
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Cardiology Department, CHU de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien Molina
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Cardio-thoracic and Vascular Surgery Department, CHU de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Battistella
- Cardio-thoracic and Vascular Surgery Department, CHU de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Gaudard
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Roland Demaria
- Cardio-thoracic and Vascular Surgery Department, CHU de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Guihaire
- Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Marie Lanelongue Hospital, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Delmas
- Phymedexp INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Cardiology Department, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- REICATRA, Institut Saint Jacques, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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9
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Martins-Marques T, Girão H. The good, the bad and the ugly: the impact of extracellular vesicles on the cardiovascular system. J Physiol 2023; 601:4837-4852. [PMID: 35348208 DOI: 10.1113/jp282048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which encompass a myriad of pathological conditions that affect the heart and/or the blood vessels, remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. By transferring a wide variety of bioactive molecules, including proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in long-range communication across the cardiovascular system. It has been demonstrated that these highly heterogeneous nanosized vesicles participate both in the maintenance of homeostasis of the heart and vessels, and contribute to the pathophysiology of CVDs, thus emerging as promising tools for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of multiple CVDs. In this review, we highlight the beneficial roles of EV-mediated communication in regulating vascular homeostasis, and inter-organ crosstalk as a potential mechanism controlling systemic metabolic fitness. In addition, the impact of EV secretion in disease development is described, particularly focusing on cardiac remodelling following ischaemia, atherogenesis and atrial fibrillation progression. Finally, we discuss the potential of endogenous and bioengineered EVs as therapeutic tools for CVDs, as well as the suitability of assessing the molecular signature of circulating EVs as a non-invasive predictive marker of CVD onset and progression. This rapidly expanding field of research has established the role of EVs as key conveyors of both cardioprotective and detrimental signals, which might be of relevance in uncovering novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Martins-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Shekari F, Alibhai FJ, Baharvand H, Börger V, Bruno S, Davies O, Giebel B, Gimona M, Salekdeh GH, Martin‐Jaular L, Mathivanan S, Nelissen I, Nolte‐’t Hoen E, O'Driscoll L, Perut F, Pluchino S, Pocsfalvi G, Salomon C, Soekmadji C, Staubach S, Torrecilhas AC, Shelke GV, Tertel T, Zhu D, Théry C, Witwer K, Nieuwland R. Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parameters. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e115. [PMID: 38939735 PMCID: PMC11080896 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture-conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for basic scientific, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cell culturing parameters affect the biochemical composition, release and possibly the function of CCM-derived EVs (CCM-EV). The CCM-EV task force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles aims to identify relevant cell culturing parameters, describe their effects based on current knowledge, recommend reporting parameters and identify outstanding questions. While some recommendations are valid for all cell types, cell-specific recommendations may need to be established for non-mammalian sources, such as bacteria, yeast and plant cells. Current progress towards these goals is summarized in this perspective paper, along with a checklist to facilitate transparent reporting of cell culturing parameters to improve the reproducibility of CCM-EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP‐TDC), Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Verena Börger
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Owen Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP UnitSpinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS) and Research Program “Nanovesicular Therapies” Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | | | - Lorena Martin‐Jaular
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Inge Nelissen
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Health departmentBoeretangBelgium
| | - Esther Nolte‐’t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Francesca Perut
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology LabIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResourcesNational Research CouncilNaplesItaly
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)SPBrazil
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Neurology and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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11
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Liu Y, Wang M, Yu Y, Li C, Zhang C. Advances in the study of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac cells for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:202. [PMID: 37580705 PMCID: PMC10424417 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction has long been the leading cause of death in coronary heart disease, which is characterized by irreversible cardiomyocyte death and restricted blood supply. Conventional reperfusion therapy can further aggravate myocardial injury. Stem cell therapy, especially with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has emerged as a promising approach to promote cardiac repair and improve cardiac function. MSCs may induce these effects by secreting exosomes containing therapeutically active RNA, proteins and lipids. Notably, normal cardiac function depends on intracardiac paracrine signaling via exosomes, and exosomes secreted by cardiac cells can partially reflect changes in the heart during disease, so analyzing these vesicles may provide valuable insights into the pathology of myocardial infarction as well as guide the development of new treatments. The present review examines how exosomes produced by MSCs and cardiac cells may influence injury after myocardial infarction and serve as therapies against such injury. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Minrui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-Level Talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Petroni D, Fabbri C, Babboni S, Menichetti L, Basta G, Del Turco S. Extracellular Vesicles and Intercellular Communication: Challenges for In Vivo Molecular Imaging and Tracking. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1639. [PMID: 37376087 PMCID: PMC10301899 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous class of cell-derived membrane vesicles released by various cell types that serve as mediators of intercellular signaling. When released into circulation, EVs may convey their cargo and serve as intermediaries for intracellular communication, reaching nearby cells and possibly also distant organs. In cardiovascular biology, EVs released by activated or apoptotic endothelial cells (EC-EVs) disseminate biological information at short and long distances, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and related disorders. The significance of EC-EVs as mediators of cell-cell communication has advanced, but a thorough knowledge of the role that intercommunication plays in healthy and vascular disease is still lacking. Most data on EVs derive from in vitro studies, but there are still little reliable data available on biodistribution and specific homing EVs in vivo tissues. Molecular imaging techniques for EVs are crucial to monitoring in vivo biodistribution and the homing of EVs and their communication networks both in basal and pathological circumstances. This narrative review provides an overview of EC-EVs, trying to highlight their role as messengers of cell-cell interaction in vascular homeostasis and disease, and describes emerging applications of various imaging modalities for EVs visualization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Petroni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Fabbri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Babboni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Basta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Lisi V, Senesi G, Bertola N, Pecoraro M, Bolis S, Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Raimondi A, Fantini C, Moretti E, Parisi A, Sgrò P, Di Luigi L, Geiger R, Ravera S, Vassalli G, Caporossi D, Balbi C. Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles released after endurance exercise exert cardioprotective activity through the activation of antioxidant pathways. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102737. [PMID: 37236143 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can cause various conditions, including an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that can decrease nitric oxide (NO) availability and promote vasoconstriction, leading to arterial hypertension. Physical exercise (PE) has been found to be protective against CVD by helping to maintain redox homeostasis through a decrease in ROS levels, achieved by increased expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and modulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in the body are a major source of regulatory signals, including proteins and nucleic acids. Interestingly, the cardioprotective role of EVs released after PE has not been fully described. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating EVs, obtained through Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of plasma samples from healthy young males (age: 26.95 ± 3.07; estimated maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO2max): 51.22 ± 4.85 (mL/kg/min)) at basal level (Pre_EVs) and immediately after a single bout of endurance exercise (30' treadmill, 70% heart rate (HR) -Post_EVs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis of proteomic data from isolated EVs, revealed enrichment in proteins endowed with catalytic activity in Post_EVs, compare to Pre_EVs, with MAP2K1 being the most significantly upregulated protein. Enzymatic assays on EVs derived from Pre and Post samples showed increment in Glutathione Reductase (GR) and Catalase (CAT) activity in Post_EVs. At functional level, Post_EVs, but not Pre_EVs, enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and reduced oxidative damage accumulation in treated human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (hCM) at basal level and under stress conditions (Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) treatment), resulting in a global cardioprotective effect. In conclusion, our data demonstrated, for the first time, that a single 30-min endurance exercise is able to alter the cargo of circulating EVs, resulting in cardioprotective effect through antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lisi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Senesi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Bertola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pecoraro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Picciolini
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Centro Imaging Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 52, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Fantini
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Moretti
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Miguel AC, Aurora GH, Alejandro SP. Cardiosome-mediated protection in myocardial ischemia. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 545:117374. [PMID: 37150341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiosomes, exosomes released in cardiospheres by cardiomyocytes and progenitor cells, communicate locally and at a distance from different tissues, promoting beneficial cellular changes. For example, miRNAs have emerged as regulators of intercellular communication via transport by extracellular vesicles in general and cardiosomes specifically. Although cardiosomes are considered biomarkers owing to their immense biomedical application in various clinical fields, their role in cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. This mini-review examines the experimental and clinical evidence for cardiosomes as non-invasive diagnostic, treatment and prognostic tools in acute myocardial infarction, the novelty of which is often lost in medical practice. In addition, we discuss the potential role of cardiosomes in physiologic mechanisms and cell signaling in cardiac conditioning strategies against reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arroyo-Campuzano Miguel
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gil-Hernández Aurora
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silva-Palacios Alejandro
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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Herrera-Zelada N, Zúñiga-Cuevas Ú, Ramírez-Reyes A, Norambuena-Soto I, Venegas-Zamora L, Troncoso MF, Hernández A, Sánchez G, Pedrozo Z, Lavandero S, Riquelme JA. Endothelial activation impairs the function of small extracellular vesicles. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1143888. [PMID: 37050899 PMCID: PMC10083389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1143888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles are nanosized vesicles (30–200 nm) that can ferry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids between cells and therefore, have significant potential as biomarkers, drug delivery tools or therapeutic agents. SEVs of endothelial origin have been shown to -among other functions-reduce in vitro ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in cardiomyocytes, but whether a pro-inflammatory state of the endothelium impairs the functionality of these SEVs remains to be elucidated. To test this, human umbilical vein endothelial cells cells were treated with TNF-α 10 ng/mL and the expression of the pro-inflammatory parameters VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and eNOS were determined by Western blot. SEVs were isolated from endothelial cells treated with or without TNF-α 10 ng/mL using size exclusion chromatography. The size and concentration of SEVs was measured by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. The expression of the surface marker CD81 was determined by immunoassay, whereas their morphology was assessed by electron microscopy. The function of endothelial SEVs was assessed by evaluating their cardioprotective effect in an ex vivo model of global I/R using isolated hearts from adult C57BL/6 mice. Treatment of HUVECs with TNF-α induced the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, whereas eNOS levels were decreased. TNF-α did not affect the production, size, morphology, or expression of CD81. SEVs significantly reduced the infarct size as compared with untreated mice hearts, but SEVs isolated from TNF-α treated cells were unable to achieve this effect. Therefore, a pro-inflammatory state induced by TNF-α does not alter the production of endothelial SEVs but impairs their function in the setting of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Herrera-Zelada
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Úrsula Zúñiga-Cuevas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Ramírez-Reyes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslye Venegas-Zamora
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mayarling F. Troncoso
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Hernández
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jaime A. Riquelme,
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16
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Akbar N, Braithwaite AT, Corr EM, Koelwyn GJ, van Solingen C, Cochain C, Saliba AE, Corbin A, Pezzolla D, Møller Jørgensen M, Bæk R, Edgar L, De Villiers C, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Banerjee A, Paget D, Lee C, Hogg E, Costin A, Dhaliwal R, Johnson E, Krausgruber T, Riepsaame J, Melling GE, Shanmuganathan M, Bock C, Carter DRF, Channon KM, Riley PR, Udalova IA, Moore KJ, Anthony DC, Choudhury RP. Rapid neutrophil mobilization by VCAM-1+ endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:236-251. [PMID: 35134856 PMCID: PMC10022859 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute myocardial infarction rapidly increases blood neutrophils (<2 h). Release from bone marrow, in response to chemokine elevation, has been considered their source, but chemokine levels peak up to 24 h after injury, and after neutrophil elevation. This suggests that additional non-chemokine-dependent processes may be involved. Endothelial cell (EC) activation promotes the rapid (<30 min) release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have emerged as an important means of cell-cell signalling and are thus a potential mechanism for communicating with remote tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that injury to the myocardium rapidly mobilizes neutrophils from the spleen to peripheral blood and induces their transcriptional activation prior to arrival at the injured tissue. Time course analysis of plasma-EV composition revealed a rapid and selective increase in EVs bearing VCAM-1. These EVs, which were also enriched for miRNA-126, accumulated preferentially in the spleen where they induced local inflammatory gene and chemokine protein expression, and mobilized splenic-neutrophils to peripheral blood. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated VCAM-1-deficient EC-EVs and showed that its deletion removed the ability of EC-EVs to provoke the mobilization of neutrophils. Furthermore, inhibition of miRNA-126 in vivo reduced myocardial infarction size in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a novel EV-dependent mechanism for the rapid mobilization of neutrophils to peripheral blood from a splenic reserve and establish a proof of concept for functional manipulation of EV-communications through genetic alteration of parent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adam T Braithwaite
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Emma M Corr
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St. New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Graeme J Koelwyn
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St. New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Coen van Solingen
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St. New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Clément Cochain
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Wurzburg, Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Josef-Schneider-Straße 2 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alastair Corbin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Urbansgade 32-36, DK-9000, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Laurienne Edgar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Carla De Villiers
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building Parks Road, OX1 3PT, Oxford, UK
| | - Mala Gunadasa-Rohling
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building Parks Road, OX1 3PT, Oxford, UK
| | - Abhirup Banerjee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Daan Paget
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eleanor Hogg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adam Costin
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Raman Dhaliwal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Errin Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joey Riepsaame
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Genevieve E Melling
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mayooran Shanmuganathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- The OxAMI Study is detailed in the Supplementary Acknowledgments
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.3, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, BT88 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David R F Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- The OxAMI Study is detailed in the Supplementary Acknowledgments
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building Parks Road, OX1 3PT, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St. New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Level 6, West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Headington Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- The OxAMI Study is detailed in the Supplementary Acknowledgments
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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17
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Pallares-Rusiñol A, Moura SL, Martí M, Pividori MI. Electrochemical Genosensing of Overexpressed GAPDH Transcripts in Breast Cancer Exosomes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2487-2495. [PMID: 36683335 PMCID: PMC9893220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are receiving highlighted attention as new biomarkers for the detection of cancer since they are profusely released by tumor cells in different biological fluids. In this paper, the exosomes are preconcentrated from the serum by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) based on a CD326 receptor as a specific epithelial cancer-related biomarker and detected by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) transcripts. Following the lysis of the captured exosomes, the released GAPDH transcripts are amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with a double-tagging set of primers on poly(dT)-modified-MPs to increase the sensitivity. The double-tagged amplicon is then quantified by electrochemical genosensing. The IMS/double-tagging RT-PCR/electrochemical genosensing approach is first demonstrated for the sensitive detection of exosomes derived from MCF7 breast cancer cells and compared with CTCs in terms of the analytical performance, showing an LOD of 4 × 102 exosomes μL-1. The genosensor was applied to human samples by immunocapturing the exosomes directly from serum from breast cancer patients and showed a higher electrochemical signal (3.3-fold, p < 0.05), when compared with healthy controls, suggesting an overexpression of GAPDH on serum-derived exosomes from breast cancer patients. The detection of GAPDH transcripts is performed from only 1.0 mL of human serum using specific magnetic particles, improving the analytical simplification and avoiding ultracentrifugation steps, demonstrating to be a promising strategy for minimal invasive liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Pallares-Rusiñol
- Grup
de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Biosensing
and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Silio Lima Moura
- Grup
de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Biosensing
and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Pividori
- Grup
de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Biosensing
and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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18
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Ferdinandy P, Andreadou I, Baxter GF, Bøtker HE, Davidson SM, Dobrev D, Gersh BJ, Heusch G, Lecour S, Ruiz-Meana M, Zuurbier CJ, Hausenloy DJ, Schulz R. Interaction of Cardiovascular Nonmodifiable Risk Factors, Comorbidities and Comedications With Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection by Pharmacological Treatments and Ischemic Conditioning. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:159-216. [PMID: 36753049 PMCID: PMC9832381 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote conditioning of the myocardium enhance the ability of the heart to withstand a prolonged ischemia/reperfusion insult and the potential to provide novel therapeutic paradigms for cardioprotection. While many signaling pathways leading to endogenous cardioprotection have been elucidated in experimental studies over the past 30 years, no cardioprotective drug is on the market yet for that indication. One likely major reason for this failure to translate cardioprotection into patient benefit is the lack of rigorous and systematic preclinical evaluation of promising cardioprotective therapies prior to their clinical evaluation, since ischemic heart disease in humans is a complex disorder caused by or associated with cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. These risk factors and comorbidities induce fundamental alterations in cellular signaling cascades that affect the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury and responses to cardioprotective interventions. Moreover, some of the medications used to treat these comorbidities may impact on cardioprotection by again modifying cellular signaling pathways. The aim of this article is to review the recent evidence that cardiovascular risk factors as well as comorbidities and their medications may modify the response to cardioprotective interventions. We emphasize the critical need for taking into account the presence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as comorbidities and their concomitant medications when designing preclinical studies for the identification and validation of cardioprotective drug targets and clinical studies. This will hopefully maximize the success rate of developing rational approaches to effective cardioprotective therapies for the majority of patients with multiple comorbidities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of mortality; however, there are still no cardioprotective drugs on the market. Most studies on cardioprotection have been undertaken in animal models of ischemia/reperfusion in the absence of comorbidities; however, ischemic heart disease develops with other systemic disorders (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis). Here we focus on the preclinical and clinical evidence showing how these comorbidities and their routine medications affect ischemia/reperfusion injury and interfere with cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Sean M Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.); Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (I.A.); Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK (G.F.B.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark (H.E.B.); The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK (S.M.D.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.D.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (D.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (B.J.G.); Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany (G.H.); Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (S.L.); Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain (M.R-M.); Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.J.Z.); Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (D.J.H.); National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore (D.J.H.); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore (D.J.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan (D.J.H.); and Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (R.S.)
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Cui J, Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Liu Y. Analysis of the Research Hotspot of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: A Bibliometric-based Literature Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023; 21:316-345. [PMID: 37779407 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611249727230920042944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and development trend of research on exosomes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) using bibliometric analysis and to elucidate trending research topics. METHODS Research articles on exosomes in CVD published up to April 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Data were organized using Microsoft Office Excel 2019. CiteSpace 6.1 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for bibliometric analysis and result visualization. RESULTS Overall, 256 original research publications containing 190 fundamental research publications and 66 clinical research publications were included. "Extracellular vesicle" was the most frequent research keyword, followed by "microrna," "apoptosis," and "angiogenesis." Most publications were from China (187, 73.05%), followed by the United States (57, 22.27%), the United Kingdom (7, 2.73%), and Japan (7, 2.73%). A systematic review of the publications revealed that myocardial infarction and stroke were the most popular topics and that exosomes and their contents, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), play positive roles in neuroprotection, inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis, promotion of angiogenesis, and protection of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Research on exosomes in CVD has attracted considerable attention, with China having the most published studies. Fundamental research has focused on CVD pathogenesis; exosomes regulate the progression of CVD through biological processes, such as the inflammatory response, autophagy, and apoptosis. Clinical research has focused on biomarkers for CVD; studies on using miRNAs in exosomes as disease markers for diagnosis could become a future trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Effects and Mechanisms of Exosomes from Different Sources in Cerebral Ischemia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223623. [PMID: 36429051 PMCID: PMC9688936 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia refers to the symptom of insufficient blood supply to the brain. Cells of many different origins participate in the process of repairing damage after cerebral ischemia occurs, in which exosomes secreted by the cells play important roles. For their characteristics, such as small molecular weight, low immunogenicity, and the easy penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), exosomes can mediate cell-to-cell communication under pathophysiological conditions. In cerebral ischemia, exosomes can reduce neuronal damage and improve the brain microenvironment by regulating inflammation, mediating pyroptosis, promoting axonal growth, and stimulating vascular remodeling. Therefore, exosomes have an excellent application prospect for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. This article reviews the roles and mechanisms of exosomes from different sources in cerebral ischemia and provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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21
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Small extracellular vesicles of hypoxic endothelial cells regulate the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via miR-486-5p/PTEN in a limb ischemia model. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:422. [PMID: 36153544 PMCID: PMC9509557 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) are at great risk of major amputation and cardiovascular events. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for CLI, but the poor engraftment and insufficient angiogenic ability of ADSCs limit their regenerative potential. Herein, we explored the potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs in CLI. Results sEVs derived from hypoxic HUVECs enhanced the resistance of ADSCs to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further improved the proangiogenic ability of ADSCs in vitro. We found that the hypoxic environment altered the composition of sEVs from HUVECs and that hypoxia increased the level of miR-486-5p in sEVs. Compared to normoxic sEVs (nsEVs), hypoxic sEVs (hsEVs) of HUVECs significantly downregulated the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) via direct targeting of miR-486-5p, therefore activating the AKT/MTOR/HIF-1α pathway and influencing the survival and pro-angiogenesis ability of ADSCs. In a hindlimb ischemia model, we discovered that hsEVs-primed ADSCs exhibited superior cell engraftment, and resulted in better angiogenesis and tissue repair. Conclusion hsEVs could be used as a therapeutic booster to improve the curative potential of ADSCs in a limb ischemia model. This finding offers new insight for CLI treatment. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01632-1.
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22
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Kyi P, Hendee K, Hunyenyiwa T, Matus K, Mammoto T, Mammoto A. Endothelial senescence mediates hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling by modulating PDGFB expression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:908639. [PMID: 36203755 PMCID: PMC9530050 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.908639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled accumulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) to the distal pulmonary arterioles (PAs) is one of the major characteristics of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Cellular senescence contributes to aging and lung diseases associated with PH and links to PH progression. However, the mechanism by which cellular senescence controls vascular remodeling in PH is not fully understood. The levels of senescence marker, p16INK4A and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity are higher in PA endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients compared to those from healthy individuals. Hypoxia-induced accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive cells to the PAs is attenuated in p16fl/fl-Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2 (p16iΔEC) mice after tamoxifen induction. We have reported that endothelial TWIST1 mediates hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling by increasing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFB) expression. Transcriptomic analyses of IPAH patient lungs or hypoxia-induced mouse lung ECs reveal the alteration of senescence-related gene expression and their interaction with TWIST1. Knockdown of p16INK4A attenuates the expression of PDGFB and TWIST1 in IPAH patient PAECs or hypoxia-treated mouse lungs and suppresses accumulation of αSMA–positive cells to the supplemented ECs in the gel implanted on the mouse lungs. Hypoxia-treated mouse lung EC-derived exosomes stimulate DNA synthesis and migration of PASMCs in vitro and in the gel implanted on the mouse lungs, while p16iΔEC mouse lung EC-derived exosomes inhibit the effects. These results suggest that endothelial senescence modulates TWIST1-PDGFB signaling and controls vascular remodeling in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Kyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kathryn Hendee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tendai Hunyenyiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kienna Matus
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Akiko Mammoto
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Tadanori Mammoto
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23
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Cornuault L, Rouault P, Duplàa C, Couffinhal T, Renault MA. Endothelial Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: What are the Experimental Proofs? Front Physiol 2022; 13:906272. [PMID: 35874523 PMCID: PMC9304560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.906272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been recognized as the greatest single unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. Indeed, the morbi-mortality of HFpEF is high and as the population ages and the comorbidities increase, so considerably does the prevalence of HFpEF. However, HFpEF pathophysiology is still poorly understood and therapeutic targets are missing. An unifying, but untested, theory of the pathophysiology of HFpEF, proposed in 2013, suggests that cardiovascular risk factors lead to a systemic inflammation, which triggers endothelial cells (EC) and coronary microvascular dysfunction. This cardiac small vessel disease is proposed to be responsible for cardiac wall stiffening and diastolic dysfunction. This paradigm is based on the fact that microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in HFpEF patients. More specifically, HFpEF patients have been shown to have decreased cardiac microvascular density, systemic endothelial dysfunction and a lower mean coronary flow reserve. Importantly, impaired coronary microvascular function has been associated with the severity of HF. This review discusses evidence supporting the causal role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HFpEF in human and experimental models.
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Xuan Y, Chen C, Wen Z, Wang DW. The Roles of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Myocarditis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:882027. [PMID: 35463742 PMCID: PMC9022788 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In myocarditis caused by various etiologies, activated immune cells and the immune regulatory factors released by them play important roles. But in this complex microenvironment, non-immune cells and non-cardiomyocytes in the heart, such as cardiomyocytes (CMs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and endothelial cells (ECs), play the role of “sentinel”, amplify inflammation, and interact with the cardiomyocytes. The complex interactions between them are rarely paid attention to. This review will re-examine the functions of CFs and ECs in the pathological conditions of myocarditis and their direct and indirect interactions with CMs, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of myocarditis and better guide the drug development and clinical treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Xuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Wen
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- Dao Wen Wang
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25
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LPPR5 Expression in Glioma Affects Growth, Vascular Architecture, and Sunitinib Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063108. [PMID: 35328529 PMCID: PMC8952597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research, glioblastoma remains almost invariably fatal. Various promising drugs targeting specific aspects of glioma biology, in addition to or as an alternative to antiproliferative chemotherapy, were not successful in larger clinical trials. Further insights into the biology of glioma and the mechanisms behind the evasive-adaptive response to targeted therapies is needed to help identify new therapeutic targets, prognostics, or predictive biomarkers. As a modulator of the canonically oncogenic Rho-GTPase pathway, Lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 5 (LPPR5) is pivotal in influencing growth, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. We used a GL261 murine orthotopic allograft glioma model to quantify the tumor growth and to obtain tissue for histological and molecular analysis. Epicortical intravital epi-illumination fluorescence video microscopy of the tumor cell spheroids was used to characterize the neovascular architecture and hemodynamics. GL261-glioma growth was delayed and decelerated after LPPR5 overexpression (LPPR5OE). We observed increased tumor cell apoptosis and decreased expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A in LPPR5OE glioma. Hence, an altered micro-angioarchitecture consisting of dysfunctional small blood vessels was discovered in the LPPR5OE tumors. Sunitinib therapy eliminated these vessels but had no effect on tumor growth or apoptosis. In general, LPPR5 overexpression generated a more benign, proapoptotic glioma phenotype with delayed growth and a dysfunctional vascular architecture.
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26
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Holcombe J, Weavers H. The role of preconditioning in the development of resilience: mechanistic insights. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Mammoto T, Hunyenyiwa T, Kyi P, Hendee K, Matus K, Rao S, Lee SH, Tabima DM, Chesler NC, Mammoto A. Hydrostatic Pressure Controls Angiogenesis Through Endothelial YAP1 During Lung Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:823642. [PMID: 35252132 PMCID: PMC8896883 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.823642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery (PA) pressure increases during lung growth after unilateral pneumonectomy (PNX). Mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activator, yes-associated protein (YAP1), in endothelial cells (ECs) is necessary for angiogenesis during post-PNX lung growth. We investigate whether increases in PA pressure following PNX control-angiogenesis through YAP1. When hydrostatic pressure is applied to human pulmonary arterial ECs (HPAECs), the expression of YAP1, transcription factor TEAD1, and angiogenic factor receptor Tie2 increases, while these effects are inhibited when HPAECs are treated with YAP1 siRNA or YAP1S94A mutant that fails to bind to TEAD1. Hydrostatic pressure also stimulates DNA synthesis, cell migration, and EC sprouting in HPAECs, while YAP1 knockdown or YAP1S94A mutant inhibits the effects. Gene enrichment analysis reveals that the levels of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM), cell adhesion, regeneration, or angiogenesis are altered in post-PNX mouse lung ECs, which interact with YAP1. Exosomes are known to promote tissue regeneration. Proteomics analysis reveals that exosomes isolated from conditioned media of post-PNX mouse lung ECs contain the higher levels of ECM and cell-adhesion proteins compared to those from sham-operated mouse lung ECs. Recruitment of host lung ECs and blood vessel formation are stimulated in the fibrin gel containing exosomes isolated from post-PNX mouse lung ECs or pressurized ECs, while YAP1 knockdown inhibits the effects. These results suggest that increases in PA pressure stimulate angiogenesis through YAP1 during regenerative lung growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tendai Hunyenyiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Priscilla Kyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kathryn Hendee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kienna Matus
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sang H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Diana M. Tabima
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Naomi C. Chesler
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Akiko Mammoto,
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28
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Exosomes in cardiovascular diseases: a blessing or a sin for the mankind. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:833-847. [PMID: 35064412 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) comprises disorders of blood vessels and heart. Multiple cells in the heart suggests that hetero-cellular communication, which is an important aspect in heart functioning and there is a need to elucidate the way in which this inter-cellular communication occurs. Now a days, exosomal research has gained much attention. Exosomes, nano-shuttles, are EVs with diameters ranging from 40 to 160 nm (average 100 nm), secreted by body cells. These vesicles act as cell-to-cell communicators and are carriers of important biomolecules such as RNAs, miRNAs, Proteins and lipids. Exosomes can change the gene expression of the recipient cells, thereby, changes the cellular characteristics. Exosomes have known to play an essential role in protection as well as progression of various cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, role of exosomes in various CVDs have been discussed.
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29
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Zhang H, Kim H, Park BW, Noh M, Kim Y, Park J, Park JH, Kim JJ, Sim WS, Ban K, Park HJ, Kwon YG. CU06-1004 enhances vascular integrity and improves cardiac remodeling by suppressing edema and inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:23-34. [PMID: 34997212 PMCID: PMC8814060 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury accelerates the cardiomyocytes (CMs) death by oxidative stress, and thereby deteriorates cardiac function. There has been a paradigm shift in the therapeutic perspective more towards the prevention or amelioration of damage caused by reperfusion. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) are more vulnerable to reperfusion injury and play the crucial roles more than CMs in the pathological process of early I/R injury. In this study, we investigate that CU06-1004, as a vascular leakage blocker, can improve cardiac function by inhibiting CMEC's hyperpermeability and subsequently reducing the neutrophil's plugging and infiltration in infarcted hearts. CU06-1004 was delivered intravenously 5 min before reperfusion and the rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) vehicle, (2) low-CU06-1004 (1 mg/kg, twice at 24 h intervals), and (3) high-CU06-1004 (5 mg/kg, once before reperfusion). CU06-1004 treatment reduced necrotic size and cardiac edema by enhancing vascular integrity, as demonstrated by the presence of intact junction proteins on CMECs and surrounding pericytes in early I/R injury. It also decreased the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) on CMECs, resulting in reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Echocardiography showed that the CU06-1004 treatment significantly improved cardiac function compared with the vehicle group. Interestingly, single high-dose treatment with CU06-1004 provided a greater functional improvement than repetitive low-dose treatment until 8 weeks post I/R. These findings demonstrate that CU06-1004 enhances vascular integrity and improves cardiac function by preventing lethal myocardial I/R injury. It can provide a promising therapeutic option, as potential adjunctive therapy to current reperfusion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea ,R&D Department, Curacle Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Woo Park
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Noh
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomyeong Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sup Sim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Bartsch B, Goody PR, Hosen MR, Nehl D, Mohammadi N, Zietzer A, Düsing P, Pfeifer A, Nickenig G, Jansen F. NcRNAs in Vascular and Valvular Intercellular Communication. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:749681. [PMID: 34805273 PMCID: PMC8602872 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.749681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs have been shown to be important biomarkers and mediators of many different disease entities, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases like atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and valvulopathies. Growing evidence suggests a central role of ncRNAs as regulators of different pathological pathways involved in endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular inflammation, cell differentiation, and calcification. This review will discuss the role of protein-bound and extracellular vesicular-bound ncRNAs as biomarkers of vascular and valvular diseases, their role as intercellular communicators, and regulators of disease pathways and also highlights possible treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bartsch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Roger Goody
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammed Rabiul Hosen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Denise Nehl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neda Mohammadi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zietzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Düsing
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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31
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C, Buelna-Chontal M, Silva-Palacios A. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiac-Conditioning Strategies against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1123. [PMID: 34832998 PMCID: PMC8620839 DOI: 10.3390/life11111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central target of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning cardioprotective strategies, which consist of either the application of brief intermittent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cycles or the administration of pharmacological agents. Such strategies reduce cardiac I/R injury by activating protective signaling pathways that prevent the exacerbated production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inhibit opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduce apoptosis, maintaining normal mitochondrial function. Cardioprotection also involves the activation of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes, which replace defective mitochondria or eliminate mitochondrial debris, preserving the structure and function of the network of these organelles, and consequently ensuring homeostasis and survival of cardiomyocytes. Such processes include mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial-controlled cell death. This review updates recent advances in MQC mechanisms that are activated in the protection conferred by different cardiac conditioning interventions. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial protection and turnover of these organelles will be discussed. It is concluded that modulation of MQC mechanisms and recognition of mitochondrial targets could provide a potential and selective therapeutic approach for I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Reddel CJ, Pennings GJ, Lau JK, Chen VM, Kritharides L. Circulating platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are decreased after remote ischemic preconditioning in patients with coronary disease: A randomized controlled trial. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2605-2611. [PMID: 34196106 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief nonharmful ischemia, remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been proposed to confer benefit to patients with coronary artery disease via unknown mechanisms. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effect of RIPC on circulating levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and global coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in patients with coronary disease. PATIENTS/METHODS Blood samples were taken from 60 patients presenting for coronary angiography enrolled in a randomized, controlled trial before and after RIPC (3 × 5 min administration of 200 mmHg sphygmomanometer on the arm, n = 31) or sham (n = 29) treatment. Most patients (n = 48) had significant coronary artery disease and all were taking at least one antiplatelet agent. RESULTS Remote ischemic preconditioning significantly decreased circulating levels of EVs expressing platelet markers CD41 and CD61 detected by flow cytometry in plasma, whereas no such effect was found on EVs expressing phosphatidylserine, CD62P, CD45, CD11b, CD144, CD31+ /CD41- , or CD235a. RIPC had no effect on the overall hemostatic potential assay or circulating antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, or plasminogen. Sham treatment had no effect on any studied parameter. Statin use inhibited the effect of RIPC on CD61+ EVs, diabetes modified the effect of RIPC on CD45+ and CD11b+ EVs, and hypertension modified the effect of RIPC on CD235a+ EVs. CONCLUSIONS Remote ischemic preconditioning decreased circulating levels of platelet-derived EVs in patients with coronary disease taking conventional antiplatelet therapy. This may reflect increased EV clearance/uptake or change in production. Clinical variables may alter the effectiveness of RIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Reddel
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabrielle J Pennings
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Jerrett K Lau
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivien M Chen
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Department of Hematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
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33
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Yan Y, Gu T, Christensen SDK, Su J, Lassen TR, Hjortbak MV, Lo IJ, Venø ST, Tóth AE, Song P, Nielsen MS, Bøtker HE, Blagoev B, Drasbek KR, Kjems J. Cyclic Hypoxia Conditioning Alters the Content of Myoblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Enhances Their Cell-Protective Functions. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091211. [PMID: 34572398 PMCID: PMC8471008 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a procedure that can attenuate ischemic-reperfusion injury by conducting brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in the arm or leg. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in the bloodstream can release their content into recipient cells to confer protective function on ischemia-reperfusion injured (IRI) organs. Skeletal muscle cells are potential candidates to release EVs as a protective signal during RIC. In this study, we used C2C12 cells as a model system and performed cyclic hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) to mimic RIC. EVs were collected and subjected to small RNA profiling and proteomics. HR induced a distinct shift in the miRNA profile and protein content in EVs. HR EV treatment restored cell viability, dampened inflammation, and enhanced tube formation in in vitro assays. In vivo, HR EVs showed increased accumulation in the ischemic brain compared to EVs secreted from normoxic culture (N EVs) in a mouse undergoing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We conclude that HR conditioning changes the miRNA and protein profile in EVs released by C2C12 cells and enhances the protective signal in the EVs to recipient cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
- Omiics ApS, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Tingting Gu
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.G.); (K.R.D.)
| | - Stine Duelund Kaas Christensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.D.K.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Thomas Ravn Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.L.); (M.V.H.); (H.E.B.)
| | - Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.L.); (M.V.H.); (H.E.B.)
| | - IJu Lo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Andrea Erzsebet Tóth
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.E.T.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Ping Song
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.L.); (M.V.H.); (H.E.B.)
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.D.K.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Kim Ryun Drasbek
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.G.); (K.R.D.)
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (Y.Y.); (J.S.); (I.L.); (P.S.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-289-920-86
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34
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New insights into exosome mediated tumor-immune escape: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188624. [PMID: 34487817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in extracellular vesicle biology have uncovered a substantial role in maintaining cell homeostasis in health and disease conditions by mediating intercellular communication, thus catching the scientific community's attention worldwide. Extracellular microvesicles, some called exosomes, functionally transfer biomolecules such as proteins and non-coding RNAs from one cell to another, influencing the local environment's biology. Although numerous advancements have been made in treating cancer patients with immune therapy, controlling the disease remains a challenge in the clinic due to tumor-driven interference with the immune response and inability of immune cells to clear cancer cells from the body. The present review article discusses the recent findings and knowledge gaps related to the role of exosomes derived from tumors and the tumor microenvironment cells in tumor escape from immunosurveillance. Further, we highlight examples where exosomal non-coding RNAs influence immune cells' response within the tumor microenvironment and favor tumor growth and progression. Therefore, exosomes can be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of human cancers.
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35
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Villarreal-Leal RA, Cooke JP, Corradetti B. Biomimetic and immunomodulatory therapeutics as an alternative to natural exosomes for vascular and cardiac applications. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 35:102385. [PMID: 33774130 PMCID: PMC8238887 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a central mechanism in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), where sustained oxidative stress and immune responses contribute to cardiac remodeling and impairment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells to communicate with their surroundings and to modulate the tissue microenvironment. Recent evidence indicates their potential as cell-free immunomodulatory therapeutics for CVD, preventing cell death and fibrosis while inducing wound healing and angiogenesis. Biomimetic exosomes are semi-synthetic particles engineered using essential moieties present in natural exosomes (lipids, RNA, proteins) to reproduce their therapeutic effects while improving on scalability and standardization due to the ample range of moieties available to produce them. In this review, we provide an up-to-date description of the use of exosomes for CVD and offer our vision on the areas of opportunity for the development of biomimetic strategies. We also discuss the current limitations to overcome in the process towards their translation into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro A Villarreal-Leal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - John P Cooke
- RNA Therapeutics Program, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.S., J.P.C.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX, USA; Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (J.P.C.), Houston Methodist Hospital, TX, USA
| | - Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Center of NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.
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36
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Reducing Cardiac Injury during ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Reasoned Approach to a Multitarget Therapeutic Strategy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132968. [PMID: 34279451 PMCID: PMC8268641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant reduction in ‘ischemic time’ through capillary diffusion of primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI) has rendered myocardial-ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) prevention a major issue in order to improve the prognosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. In fact, while the ischemic damage increases with the severity and the duration of blood flow reduction, reperfusion injury reaches its maximum with a moderate amount of ischemic injury. MIRI leads to the development of post-STEMI left ventricular remodeling (post-STEMI LVR), thereby increasing the risk of arrhythmias and heart failure. Single pharmacological and mechanical interventions have shown some benefits, but have not satisfactorily reduced mortality. Therefore, a multitarget therapeutic strategy is needed, but no univocal indications have come from the clinical trials performed so far. On the basis of the results of the consistent clinical studies analyzed in this review, we try to design a randomized clinical trial aimed at evaluating the effects of a reasoned multitarget therapeutic strategy on the prevention of post-STEMI LVR. In fact, we believe that the correct timing of pharmacological and mechanical intervention application, according to their specific ability to interfere with survival pathways, may significantly reduce the incidence of post-STEMI LVR and thus improve patient prognosis.
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37
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Yadid M, Lind JU, Ardoña HAM, Sheehy SP, Dickinson LE, Eweje F, Bastings MMC, Pope B, O'Connor BB, Straubhaar JR, Budnik B, Kleber AG, Parker KK. Endothelial extracellular vesicles contain protective proteins and rescue ischemia-reperfusion injury in a human heart-on-chip. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/565/eaax8005. [PMID: 33055246 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various stem cell sources induce cardioprotective effects during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). These have been attributed mainly to the antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, microRNA (miRNA) cargo within the stem cell-derived EVs. However, the mechanisms of EV-mediated endothelial signaling to cardiomyocytes, as well as their therapeutic potential toward ischemic myocardial injury, are not clear. EV content beyond miRNA that may contribute to cardioprotection has not been fully illuminated. This study characterized the protein cargo of human vascular endothelial EVs (EEVs) to identify lead cardioactive proteins and assessed the effect of EEVs on human laminar cardiac tissues (hlCTs) exposed to IRI. We mapped the protein content of human vascular EEVs and identified proteins that were previously associated with cellular metabolism, redox state, and calcium handling, among other processes. Analysis of the protein landscape of human cardiomyocytes revealed corresponding modifications induced by EEV treatment. To assess their human-specific cardioprotection in vitro, we developed a human heart-on-a-chip IRI assay using human stem cell-derived, engineered cardiac tissues. We found that EEVs alleviated cardiac cell death as well as the loss in contractile capacity during and after simulated IRI in an uptake- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that EEVs increased the respiratory capacity of normoxic cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that vascular EEVs rescue hlCTs exposed to IRI possibly by supplementing injured myocytes with cargo that supports multiple metabolic and salvage pathways and therefore may serve as a multitargeted therapy for IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Yadid
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johan U Lind
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Herdeline Ann M Ardoña
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren E Dickinson
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feyisayo Eweje
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maartje M C Bastings
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), School of Engineering, Institute of Materials, Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Pope
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Blakely B O'Connor
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Bogdan Budnik
- FAS Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andre G Kleber
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. .,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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38
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Cullen SM, Hassan N, Smith-Raska M. Effects of non-inherited ancestral genotypes on offspring phenotypes. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:747-760. [PMID: 34159361 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that environmental exposures can modify the profile of heritable factors in an individual's germ cells, ultimately affecting the inheritance of phenotypes in descendants. Similar to exposures, an ancestor's genotype can also affect the inheritance of phenotypes across generations, sometimes in offspring who do not inherit the genetic aberration. This can occur via a variety of prenatal, in utero, or postnatal mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the evidence for this process in mammals, with a focus on examples that are potentially mediated through the germline, while also considering alternate routes of inheritance. Non-inherited ancestral genotypes may influence descendant's disease risk to a much greater extent than currently appreciated, and focused evaluation of this phenomenon may reveal novel mechanisms of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Cullen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Room 1252D, New York, NY 10021
| | - Nora Hassan
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Room 1252D, New York, NY 10021
| | - Matthew Smith-Raska
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Room 1252D, New York, NY 10021
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39
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Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: is endothelial dysfunction at the heart of the matter? Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1487-1503. [PMID: 34136902 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvements in cancer survival have brought to light unintended long-term adverse cardiovascular effects associated with cancer treatment. Although capable of manifesting a broad range of cardiovascular complications, cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) remains particularly common among the mainstay anthracycline-based and human epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapies. Unfortunately, the early asymptomatic stages of CTRCD are difficult to detect by cardiac imaging alone, and the initiating mechanisms remain incompletely understood. More recently, circulating inflammatory markers, cardiac biomarkers, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered as early markers of cardiovascular injury. Concomitantly, the role of the endothelium in regulating cardiac function in the context of CTRCD is starting to be understood. In this review, we highlight the impact of breast cancer therapies on the cardiovascular system with a focus on the endothelium, and examine the status of circulating biomarkers, including inflammatory markers, cardiac biomarkers, microRNAs, and endothelial cell-derived EVs. Investigation of these emerging biomarkers may uncover mechanisms of injury, detect early stages of cardiovascular damage, and elucidate novel therapeutic approaches.
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40
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Nanduri LSY, Duddempudi PK, Yang WL, Tamarat R, Guha C. Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Radiation Injuries. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662437. [PMID: 34084138 PMCID: PMC8167064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue injury from accidental or therapeutic exposure to high-dose radiation can cause severe acute and delayed toxicities, which result in mortality and chronic morbidity. Exposure to single high-dose radiation leads to a multi-organ failure, known as acute radiation syndrome, which is caused by radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage to tissue stem cells. The radiation exposure results in acute cell loss, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and early damage to bone marrow and intestine with high mortality from sepsis. There is an urgent need for developing medical countermeasures against radiation injury for normal tissue toxicity. In this review, we discuss the potential of applying secretory extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages for promoting repair and regeneration of organs after radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Sarad Yamini Nanduri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Phaneendra K. Duddempudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Radia Tamarat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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41
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Wen Y, Chen Y, Wang G, Abhange K, Xue F, Quinn Z, Mao W, Wan Y. Factors influencing the measurement of the secretion rate of extracellular vesicles. Analyst 2021; 145:5870-5877. [PMID: 32662497 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles which encapsulate a variety of molecules. Numerous studies have demonstrated EVs as signaling mediators of intercellular communication and are heavily involved under physiological and pathological conditions. In translational medicine, EVs have been used for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. EVs as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery and therapeutic EVs are also under intense investigation. While still in its infancy, relevant EV studies have been growing. For EV-centered research to thrive, a few fundamental unanswered questions, such as EV biogenesis, EV secretion rate (SR), EV content sorting mechanisms, etc. require further investigation. In this study, we measured the SR of EVs derived from 6 cancerous cell lines. Several factors that may interfere with EV secretion, isolation, and storage were also investigated. Our results show that the SR of EVs derived from various cancer cells was significantly different, indicating a heterogeneous EV secretion behavior among cell types. Moreover, 5 different drugs that interfere with cellular metabolism significantly influenced EV release. In addition, we found that (1) more EVs can be harvested at 24 h compared to 48 h of serum-free cell culture with a similar degree of FBS contamination; (2) filtration of the cell culture supernatant with a 0.22 μm filter causes ∼70% loss of EVs; (3) the isolation efficiency of EVs with the prevalent ultracentrifugation is only ∼14%; (4) storage at 4 °C for 3 days causes ∼21% loss of EVs. Overall, our findings provide a guideline for proper EV collection and storage in laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
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42
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Alfì E, Thairi C, Femminò S, Alloatti G, Moccia F, Brizzi MF, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ischemic conditioning and angiogenesis: Focus on endothelial derived EVs. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 140:106873. [PMID: 33992781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During myocardial ischemia, timely reperfusion is critical to limit infarct area and the overall loss of cardiac contractile function. However, reperfusion further exacerbates the damage of the ischemic heart. This type of injury is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ischemic conditioning is a procedure which consists of brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in order to protect the myocardium against IRI. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), namely transient brief episodes of ischemia at a remote site before a subsequent damaging ischemia/reperfusion procedure of the target organ (e.g., the heart), protects against IRI. However, how the stimulus of RIC is transduced from the remote organ to the ischemic heart is still unknown. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to have a role in the RIC procedure. The endothelium releases EVs and is also one of the tissues mostly exposed to EVs during their journey to the target organ. Moreover, EVs may have important roles in angiogenesis and, therefore, in the remodeling of post-ischemic organs. Here we analyze how EVs may contribute to the overall cardioprotective effect and the implication of the endothelium and its EVs in RIC mediated acute cardioprotection as well as in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Alfì
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alloatti
- Uni-Astiss, Polo Universitario Rita Levi Montalcini, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Laboratory of General Physiology, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy.
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
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43
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Freise C, Querfeld U, Ludwig A, Hamm B, Schnorr J, Taupitz M. Uraemic extracellular vesicles augment osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells via enhanced AKT signalling and PiT-1 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5602-5614. [PMID: 33960650 PMCID: PMC8184672 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) function as messengers between endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Since chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk for vascular calcifications, we investigated whether EV derived from uraemic milieu‐stimulated EC and derived from uraemic rats impact the osteogenic transdifferentiation/calcification of VSMC. For that purpose, human EC were treated with urea and indoxyl sulphate or left untreated. Experimental uraemia in rats was induced by adenine feeding. ‘Uraemic’ and control EV (EVUR; EVCTRL) were isolated from supernatants and plasma by using an exosome isolation reagent. Rat VSMC were treated with a pro‐calcifying medium (CM) with or without EV supplementation. Gene expressions, miRNA contents and protein expressions were determined by qPCR and Western blots, respectively. Calcifications were determined by colorimetric assays. Delivery of miRNA inhibitors/mimics to EV and siRNA to VSMC was achieved via transfection. EVCTRL and EVUR differed in size and miRNA contents. Contrary to EVCTRL, EC‐ and plasma‐derived EVUR significantly increased the pro‐calcifying effects of CM, including altered gene expressions of osterix, runx2, osteocalcin and SM22α. Further, EVUR enhanced the protein expression of the phosphate transporter PiT‐1 in VSMC and induced a phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. Knock down of PiT‐1 and individual inhibition of AKT and ERK signalling in VSMC blocked the pro‐calcifying effects of EVUR. Similar effects were achieved by inhibition of miR‐221/‐222 and mimicking of miR‐143/‐145 in EVUR. In conclusion, EVUR might represent an additional puzzle piece of the complex pathophysiology of vascular calcifications in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Freise
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Querfeld
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Ludwig
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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44
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Sahoo S, Adamiak M, Mathiyalagan P, Kenneweg F, Kafert-Kasting S, Thum T. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Translation of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Diseases: Roadmap to the Clinic. Circulation 2021; 143:1426-1449. [PMID: 33819075 PMCID: PMC8021236 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles of endocytic origin that are actively secreted. The potential of exosomes as effective communicators of biological signaling in myocardial function has previously been investigated, and a recent explosion in exosome research not only underscores their significance in cardiac physiology and pathology, but also draws attention to methodological limitations of studying these extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss recent advances and challenges in exosome research with an emphasis on scientific innovations in isolation, identification, and characterization methodologies, and we provide a comprehensive summary of web-based resources available in the field. Importantly, we focus on the biology and function of exosomes, highlighting their fundamental role in cardiovascular pathophysiology to further support potential applications of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (S.S., M.A., P.M.)
| | - Marta Adamiak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (S.S., M.A., P.M.)
| | - Prabhu Mathiyalagan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (S.S., M.A., P.M.)
| | - Franziska Kenneweg
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) (F.K., S.K-K., T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Sabine Kafert-Kasting
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) (F.K., S.K-K., T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany (S.K-K., T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS) (F.K., S.K-K., T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany (S.K-K., T.T.)
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45
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Katsur M, He Z, Vinokur V, Corteling R, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Exosomes from neuronal stem cells may protect the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion injury via JAK1/2 and gp130. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4455-4465. [PMID: 33797200 PMCID: PMC8093960 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction requires urgent reperfusion to salvage viable heart tissue. However, reperfusion increases infarct size further by promoting mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes. Exosomes from a wide range of different cell sources have been shown to activate cardioprotective pathways in cardiomyocytes, thereby reducing infarct size. Yet, it is currently challenging to obtain highly pure exosomes in quantities enough for clinical studies. To overcome this problem, we used exosomes isolated from CTX0E03 neuronal stem cells, which are genetically stable, conditionally inducible and can be produced on an industrial scale. However, it is unknown whether exosomes from neuronal stem cells may reduce cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we demonstrate that exosomes from differentiating CTX0E03 cells can reduce infarct size in mice. In an in vitro assay, these exosomes delayed cardiomyocyte mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, which is responsible for cardiomyocyte death after reperfusion. The mechanism of MPTP inhibition was via gp130 signalling and the downstream JAK/STAT pathway. Our results support previous findings that exosomes from non‐cardiomyocyte‐related cells produce exosomes capable of protecting cardiomyocytes from myocardial infarction. We anticipate our findings may encourage scientists to use exosomes obtained from reproducible clinical‐grade stocks of cells for their ischaemia/reperfusion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Katsur
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zhenhe He
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vladimir Vinokur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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46
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Martins-Marques T, Hausenloy DJ, Sluijter JPG, Leybaert L, Girao H. Intercellular Communication in the Heart: Therapeutic Opportunities for Cardiac Ischemia. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:248-262. [PMID: 33139169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of tissue, organ, and organism homeostasis relies on an intricate network of players and mechanisms that assist in the different forms of cell-cell communication. Myocardial infarction, following heart ischemia and reperfusion, is associated with profound changes in key processes of intercellular communication, involving gap junctions, extracellular vesicles, and tunneling nanotubes, some of which have been implicated in communication defects associated with cardiac injury, namely arrhythmogenesis and progression into heart failure. Therefore, intercellular communication players have emerged as attractive powerful therapeutic targets aimed at preserving a fine-tuned crosstalk between the different cardiac cells in order to prevent or repair some of harmful consequences of heart ischemia and reperfusion, re-establishing myocardial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Martins-Marques
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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47
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Erkens R, Totzeck M, Brum A, Duse D, Bøtker HE, Rassaf T, Kelm M. Endothelium-dependent remote signaling in ischemia and reperfusion: Alterations in the cardiometabolic continuum. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:265-281. [PMID: 33497796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intact endothelial function plays a fundamental role for the maintenance of cardiovascular (CV) health. The endothelium is also involved in remote signaling pathway-mediated protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the transfer of these protective signals into clinical practice has been hampered by the complex metabolic alterations frequently observed in the cardiometabolic continuum, which affect redox balance and inflammatory pathways. Despite recent advances in determining the distinct roles of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (InR), hyperinsulinemia, and ultimately diabetes mellitus (DM), which define the cardiometabolic continuum, our understanding of how these conditions modulate endothelial signaling remains challenging. It is widely accepted that endothelial cells (ECs) undergo functional changes within the cardiometabolic continuum. Beyond vascular tone and platelet-endothelium interaction, endothelial dysfunction may have profound negative effects on outcome during I/R. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the influence of hyperglycemia, InR, hyperinsulinemia, and DM on endothelial function and redox balance, their influence on remote protective signaling pathways, and their impact on potential therapeutic strategies to optimize protective heterocellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Erkens
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Amanda Brum
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dragos Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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48
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Pearce L, Davidson SM, Yellon DM. Does remote ischaemic conditioning reduce inflammation? A focus on innate immunity and cytokine response. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:12. [PMID: 33629195 PMCID: PMC7904035 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) have been difficult to translate to humans, when considering traditional outcome measures, such as mortality and heart failure. This paper reviews the recent literature of the anti-inflammatory effects of RIC, with a particular focus on the innate immune response and cytokine inhibition. Given the current COVID-19 pandemic, the inflammatory hypothesis of cardiac protection is an attractive target on which to re-purpose such novel therapies. A PubMed/MEDLINE™ search was performed on July 13th 2020, for the key terms RIC, cytokines, the innate immune system and inflammation. Data suggest that RIC attenuates inflammation in animals by immune conditioning, cytokine inhibition, cell survival and the release of anti-inflammatory exosomes. It is proposed that RIC inhibits cytokine release via a reduction in nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome production. In vivo, RIC attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine release in myocardial/cerebral infarction and LPS models of endotoxaemia. In the latter group, cytokine inhibition is associated with a profound survival benefit. Further clinical trials should establish whether the benefits of RIC in inflammation can be observed in humans. Moreover, we must consider whether uncomplicated MI and elective surgery are the most suitable clinical conditions in which to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Pearce
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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49
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Nguyen BY, Azam T, Wang X. Cellular signaling cross-talk between different cardiac cell populations: an insight into the role of exosomes in the heart diseases and therapy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1213-H1234. [PMID: 33513083 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00718.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular bilayer membrane nanovesicles that are enriched in a variety of bioactive lipids, receptors, transcription factors, surface proteins, DNA, and noncoding RNAs. They have been well recognized to play essential roles in mediating intercellular signaling by delivering bioactive molecules from host cells to regulate the physiological processes of recipient cells. In the context of heart diseases, accumulating studies have indicated that exosome-carried cellular proteins and noncoding RNA derived from different types of cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, adipocytes, and resident stem cells, have pivotal roles in cardiac remodeling under disease conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. In addition, exosomal contents derived from stem cells have been shown to be beneficial for regenerative potential of the heart. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role of exosomes in cardiac communication, with a focus on cardiovascular pathophysiology and perspectives for their potential uses as cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Yen Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tayyiba Azam
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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50
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The Inflammatory Cytokine IL-3 Hampers Cardioprotection Mediated by Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Possibly via Their Protein Cargo. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010013. [PMID: 33374685 PMCID: PMC7822476 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological relevance of extracellular vesicles (EV) released in an ischemia/reperfusion setting is still unclear. We hypothesized that the inflammatory microenvironment prevents cardioprotection mediated by endothelial cell (EC)-derived extracellular vesicles. The effects of naïve EC-derived EV (eEV) or eEV released in response to interleukin-3 (IL-3) (eEV-IL-3) were evaluated in cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) and rat hearts. In transwell assay, eEV protected the H9c2 exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) more efficiently than eEV-IL-3. Conversely, only eEV directly protected H9c2 cells to H/R-induced damage. Consistent with this latter observation, eEV, but not eEV-IL-3, exerted beneficial effects in the whole heart. Protein profiles of eEV and eEV-IL-3, established using label-free mass spectrometry, demonstrated that IL-3 drives changes in eEV-IL-3 protein cargo. Gene ontology analysis revealed that both eEV and eEV-IL-3 were equipped with full cardioprotective machinery, including the Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Cardiovascular System. eEV-IL-3 were also enriched in the endothelial-nitric oxide-synthase (eNOS)-antagonist caveolin-1 and proteins related to the inflammatory response. In vitro and ex vivo experiments demonstrated that a functional Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK1/2)/eNOS/guanylyl-cyclase (GC) pathway is required for eEV-mediated cardioprotection. Consistently, eEV were found enriched in MEK1/2 and able to induce the expression of B-cell-lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and the phosphorylation of eNOS in vitro. We conclude that an inflammatory microenvironment containing IL-3 changes the eEV cargo and impairs eEV cardioprotective action.
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