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Sedhom S, Hammond N, Thanos KZ, Blum K, Elman I, Bowirrat A, Dennen CA, Thanos PK. Potential Link Between Exercise and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Glutamate Receptors in Alcohol Use Disorder: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2363-2376. [PMID: 38895648 PMCID: PMC11185169 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s462403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant risk factor, accounting for approximately 13% of all deaths in the US. AUD not only destroys families but also causes economic losses due to reduced productivity, absenteeism, and healthcare expenses. Statistics revealing the sustained number of individuals affected by AUD over the years underscore the need for further understanding of the underlying pathophysiology to advance novel therapeutic strategies. Previous research has implicated the limbic brain regions N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDAR) in the emotional and behavioral effects of AUD. Given that aerobic exercise can modulate NMDAR activity and sensitivity to alcohol, this review presents a summary of clinical and basic science studies on NMDAR levels induced by alcohol consumption, as well as acute and protracted withdrawal, highlighting the potential role of aerobic exercise as an adjunctive therapy for AUD. Based on our findings, the utility of exercise in the modulation of reward-linked receptors and AUD may be mediated by its effects on NMDA signaling. These data support further consideration of the potential of aerobic exercise as a promising adjunctive therapy for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sedhom
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kyriaki Z Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports, Exercise & Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Igor Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard School of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Noel SC, Madranges JF, Gothié JDM, Ewald J, Milnerwood AJ, Kennedy TE, Scott ME. Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10773. [PMID: 38730262 PMCID: PMC11087533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The developing brain is vulnerable to maternal bacterial and viral infections which induce strong inflammatory responses in the mother that are mimicked in the offspring brain, resulting in irreversible neurodevelopmental defects, and associated cognitive and behavioural impairments. In contrast, infection during pregnancy and lactation with the immunoregulatory murine intestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri, upregulates expression of genes associated with long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic networks in the brain of neonatal uninfected offspring, and enhances spatial memory in uninfected juvenile offspring. As the hippocampus is involved in spatial navigation and sensitive to immune events during development, here we assessed hippocampal gene expression, LTP, and neuroimmunity in 3-week-old uninfected offspring born to H. bakeri infected mothers. Further, as maternal immunity shapes the developing immune system, we assessed the impact of maternal H. bakeri infection on the ability of offspring to resist direct infection. In response to maternal infection, we found an enhanced propensity to induce LTP at Schaffer collateral synapses, consistent with RNA-seq data indicating accelerated development of glutamatergic synapses in uninfected offspring, relative to those from uninfected mothers. Hippocampal RNA-seq analysis of offspring of infected mothers revealed increased expression of genes associated with neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and myelination. Furthermore, maternal infection improved resistance to direct infection of H. bakeri in offspring, correlated with transfer of parasite-specific IgG1 to their serum. Hippocampal immunohistochemistry and gene expression suggest Th2/Treg biased neuroimmunity in offspring, recapitulating peripheral immunoregulation of H. bakeri infected mothers. These findings indicate maternal H. bakeri infection during pregnancy and lactation alters peripheral and neural immunity in uninfected offspring, in a manner that accelerates neural maturation to promote hippocampal LTP, and upregulates the expression of genes associated with neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Noel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Jeanne F Madranges
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jean-David M Gothié
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jessica Ewald
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Scott ME. Helminth-host-environment interactions: Looking down from the tip of the iceberg. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e59. [PMID: 37486085 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In 1978, the theory behind helminth parasites having the potential to regulate the abundance of their host populations was formalized based on the understanding that those helminth macroparasites that reduce survival or fecundity of the infected host population would be among the forces limiting unregulated host population growth. Now, 45 years later, a phenomenal breadth of factors that directly or indirectly affect the host-helminth interaction has emerged. Based largely on publications from the past 5 years, this review explores the host-helminth interaction from three lenses: the perspective of the helminth, the host, and the environment. What biotic and abiotic as well as social and intrinsic host factors affect helminths? What are the negative, and positive, implications for host populations and communities? What are the larger-scale implications of the host-helminth dynamic on the environment, and what evidence do we have that human-induced environmental change will modify this dynamic? The overwhelming message is that context is everything. Our understanding of second-, third-, and fourth-level interactions is extremely limited, and we are far from drawing generalizations about the myriad of microbe-helminth-host interactions.Yet the intricate, co-evolved balance and complexity of these interactions may provide a level of resilience in the face of global environmental change. Hopefully, this albeit limited compilation of recent research will spark new interdisciplinary studies, and application of the One Health approach to all helminth systems will generate new and testable conceptual frameworks that encompass our understanding of the host-helminth-environment triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QuebecH9X 3V9, Canada
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Noel SC, Fortin-Hamel L, Haque M, Scott ME. Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection enhances spatial memory of uninfected juvenile mouse pups. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9796. [PMID: 35697723 PMCID: PMC9192650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to factors including maternal infection during pregnancy. Establishment of neural networks critical for memory and cognition begins during the perinatal period, when Heligmosomoides bakeri, a gastrointestinal (GI) nematode restricted to the maternal mouse intestine, has been shown to upregulate expression of long-term potentiation genes in the young rodent pup brain. We explored the impact of maternal infection during pregnancy and early lactation on the spatial behavior of uninfected male and female juvenile mice. Pre-weaned pups of H. bakeri infected dams exhibited less exploratory behaviour compared to pups of uninfected dams on postnatal day (PD) 16 but not PD 17, possibly reflecting a transient fear of an unfamiliar environment and/or a brief neurodevelopmental delay. Our two spatial memory tests show for the first time an enhancement of spatial memory in response to maternal nematode infection regardless of pup sex. At PD 17, pups of infected dams expressed object location memories after 3 h in the Object Location Test whereas offspring of uninfected mothers did not. In addition, at PD 34, juveniles of infected mothers retained their ability to find the escape hole in the Barnes Maze Test for one week whereas offspring from uninfected mothers did not. This finding is even more striking given that spatial memory was positively associated with pup length, yet this maternal infection impaired linear growth of pups. Thus, the positive impact of maternal infection on spatial memory countered any impairment associated with the shorter length of the pups. Overall, these novel findings indicate that a maternal GI nematode infection during pregnancy and lactation positively influences the spatial memory of uninfected juvenile offspring with potential fitness implications for the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Noel
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Liana Fortin-Hamel
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Manjurul Haque
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Tadesse Boltena M, El-Khatib Z, Kebede AS, Asamoah BO, Yaw ASC, Kamara K, Constant Assogba P, Tadesse Boltena A, Adane HT, Hailemeskel E, Biru M. Malaria and Helminthic Co-Infection during Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5444. [PMID: 35564842 PMCID: PMC9101176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria and helminthic co-infection during pregnancy causes fetomaternal haemorrhage and foetal growth retardation. This study determined the pooled burden of pregnancy malaria and helminthic co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa. CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to retrieve data from the literature, without restricting language and publication year. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used for quality assessment. STATA Version 14.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The I2 statistics and Egger's test were used to test heterogeneity and publication bias. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO, with the number CRD42019144812. In total, 24 studies (n = 14,087 participants) were identified in this study. The pooled analysis revealed that 20% of pregnant women were co-infected by malaria and helminths in sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled prevalence of malaria and helminths were 33% and 35%, respectively. The most prevalent helminths were Hookworm (48%), Ascaris lumbricoides (37%), and Trichuris trichiura (15%). Significantly higher malaria and helminthic co-infection during pregnancy were observed. Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa must implement home-grown innovative solutions to underpin context-specific policies for the early initiation of effective intermittent preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyahil Tadesse Boltena
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Ziad El-Khatib
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- World Health Programme, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
| | | | - Benedict Oppong Asamoah
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (B.O.A.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 101, Ghana;
| | - Kassim Kamara
- Directorate of Health Security and Emergencies, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Phénix Constant Assogba
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 526, Benin;
| | - Andualem Tadesse Boltena
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (B.O.A.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Hawult Taye Adane
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Elifaged Hailemeskel
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mulatu Biru
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia; (H.T.A.); (E.H.); (M.B.)
- Child and Family Health, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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El Ahdab N, Haque M, Madogwe E, Koski KG, Scott ME. Maternal nematode infection upregulates expression of Th2/Treg and diapedesis related genes in the neonatal brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22082. [PMID: 34764345 PMCID: PMC8585879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte transendothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated with immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal El Ahdab
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Manjurul Haque
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ejimedo Madogwe
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Haque M, Koski KG, Scott ME. A gastrointestinal nematode in pregnant and lactating mice alters maternal and neonatal microbiomes. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:945-957. [PMID: 34081970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The maternal microbiome is understood to be the principal source of the neonatal microbiome but the consequences of intestinal nematodes on pregnant and lactating mothers and implications for the neonatal microbiome are unknown. Using pregnant CD1 mice infected with Heligmosomoides bakeri, we investigated the microbiomes in maternal tissues (intestine, vagina, and milk) and in the neonatal stomach using MiSeq sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Our first hypothesis was that maternal nematode infection altered the maternal intestinal, vaginal, and milk microbiomes and associated metabolic pathways. Maternal nematode infection was associated with increased beta-diversity and abundance of fermenting bacteria as well as Lactobacillus in the maternal caecum 2 days after parturition, together with down-regulated carbohydrate, amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis pathways. Maternal nematode infection did not alter the vaginal or milk microbiomes. Our second hypothesis was that maternal infection would shape colonization of the neonatal microbiome. Although the pup stomach microbiome was similar to that of the maternal vaginal microbiome, pups of infected dams had higher beta-diversity at day 2, and a dramatic expansion in the abundance of Lactobacillus between days 2 and 7 compared with pups nursing uninfected dams. Our third hypothesis that maternal nematode infection altered the composition of neonatal microbiomes was confirmed as we observed up-regulation of several putatively beneficial microbial pathways associated with synthesis of essential and branched-chain amino acids, vitamins, and short-chain fatty acids. We believe this is the first study to show that a nematode living in the maternal intestine is associated with altered composition and function of the neonatal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjurul Haque
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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