1
|
Chiappero MF, Rossetti MR, Moreno ML, Pérez-Harguindeguy N. A global meta-analysis reveals a consistent reduction of soil fauna abundance and richness as a consequence of land use conversion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173822. [PMID: 38906293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Land use conversion of natural to production systems is one of the most important threats to belowground communities and to the key ecosystem processes in which they are involved. Available literature shows positive, negative, and neutral effects of land use changes on soil fauna communities; and these varying effects may be due to different characteristics of natural and production systems and soil organisms. We hypothesize that land conversion from high to low plant biomass, diversity, and structural complexity systems may have the most negative impacts on soil fauna. Here, we performed the first meta-analysis evaluating the overall effects of land use conversion on soil invertebrate communities and the influence of factors related to characteristics of natural and production systems, of soil fauna communities and methods. We compiled a dataset of 260 publications that yielded 1732 observations for soil fauna abundance and 459 for richness. Both abundance and richness showed a global decline as a consequence of natural land conversion to production systems. These negative effects were stronger, in general, when the conversion occurred in tropical and subtropical sites, and when natural systems were replaced by croplands, pastures and grazing systems. The effects of land use conversion also depended on soil property changes. In addition, the abundance of most taxa and richness of Acari and Collembola were strongly reduced by land use changes while Annelida were not affected. The highest reduction in abundance was recorded in omnivores and predators, whereas detritivores showed a reduction in richness. Our meta-analysis shows consistent evidence of soil biodiversity decline due to different land use changes and the partial dependence of those effects on the magnitude of changes in vegetation. These findings stress the need to continue developing production modes that effectively preserve soil biodiversity and ecosystem processes, without hampering food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Chiappero
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Rossetti
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Moreno
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pérez-Harguindeguy
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dayananda SK, Athukorala HF, Peabotuwage I, Kumara C, Ranasinghe T, Samarasinghe D, Gouveia A, Kotagama SW, Mammides C, Jiang A, Goodale E. Rubber plantations are impermeable to an avian understory specialist in Sri Lanka. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:47. [PMID: 38880879 PMCID: PMC11181654 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how landscape characteristics affect animal movement is essential for conservation in human-dominated habitats. A fundamental question is how monoculture agroforests, including rubber and tea plantations, affect wildlife and its movement. Experimental translocations represent an important technique to assess animals' habitat selection while moving through agricultural matrices, especially when complemented with observations of birds' natural movements, and with "control" translocations, in which birds are moved within their natural habitat such as forest. Yet, experimental translocations have been little used for birds outside the Western Hemisphere. METHODS We conducted experimental translocations and home-range measurements on an understory forest specialist, Brown-capped Babbler (BCBA, Pellorneum fuscocapillus), and a forest generalist, Tickell's Blue Flycatcher (TBFL, Cyornis tickelliae). These species were studied in three rubber plantations, which also included some open areas mostly planted with tea, and in three forest reserves of Sri Lanka. RESULTS Four of the five BCBAs translocated within disturbed habitats (rubber plantations) could not return to their capture locations. However, all four individuals within undisturbed habitats (forest reserves) successfully returned to their point of origin within 10.5 daytime hours. In contrast, all TBFLs returned to their capture locations in both disturbed (n = 7) and undisturbed habitats (n = 3) within 11.3 daytime hours. A Cox-proportional survival model demonstrated that the percentage of rubber cover decreased return time, similar to the effect of open-area cover. The home range surveys (n = 13 for BCBA, n = 10 for TBFL) revealed that very little of the birds' natural home-ranges was covered by rubber (0.2% for BCBA, 13.1% for TBFL at 50% Kernel Density Estimates KDE). Home range size for BCBA was approximately half the size in disturbed habitats compared to undisturbed ones, although there was no significant difference between habitats for TBFL. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that rubber plantations can be impermeable to understory habitat specialist birds, and even generalist species may avoid them long-term. Our findings highlight the potential utility of strips of native vegetation, particularly those featuring understory layers, as corridors to facilitate the movement of forest specialists in landscapes dominated by rubber plantations and other types of disturbed habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salindra K Dayananda
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00700, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Harsha F Athukorala
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00700, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Indika Peabotuwage
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00700, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandralal Kumara
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00700, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Tharindu Ranasinghe
- Wild Island Foundation, 6A, Mendis Lane, Moratuwa, 10400, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Dhammithra Samarasinghe
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00700, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Ana Gouveia
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Sarath W Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology and Environment Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00700, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Christos Mammides
- Nature Conservation Unit, Frederick University, 1036, Pallouriotisa, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aiwu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Eben Goodale
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montgomery DR, Rabinowitz P, Sipos Y, Wheat EE. Soil health: A common focus for one health and planetary health interventions. One Health 2024; 18:100673. [PMID: 38283832 PMCID: PMC10820383 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Proponents of both the One Health and Planetary Health paradigms have acknowledged that current methods of agricultural food production are driving many environmental changes with negative human health consequences, including climate change, deforestation, and the emergence of zoonotic disease and antimicrobial resistance. Currently, the training of human health, veterinary, and public health professionals typically does not include aspects of soil health. Much of the resultant discussion in One Health and Planetary Health circles regarding interventions to address the health impact of agricultural practices has focused on measures such as advocating for dietary change toward plant based diets and increasing food safety, biosecurity, disease surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship. A greater understanding of soil health and its relationship to agricultural practices could prove foundational to many of the problems that the One Health and Planetary Health perspectives aim to address, including antimicrobial resistance, zoonotic disease emergence, food security, and climate change. A consequent global focus on the health of soils offers a promise of specific opportunities for preventive interventions and a greater convergence between the One Health and Planetary Health approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Montgomery
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter Rabinowitz
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, United States of America
| | - Yona Sipos
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, United States of America
| | - Eli E. Wheat
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Zhou J, Wang K, Li Y, Niu L. Interaction patterns and keystone taxa of bacterial and eukaryotic communities during sulfamethoxazole mineralization in lake sediment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171597. [PMID: 38461980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a common antibiotic pollutant in aquatic environments, which is highly persistent under various conditions and significantly contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Biodegradation is the major pathway to eliminate antibiotics in the natural environment. The roles of bacteria and eukaryotes in the biodegradation of antibiotics have received considerable attention; however, their successions and co-occurrence patterns during the biodegradation of antibiotics remain unexplored. In this study, 13C-labled SMX was amended to sediment samples from Zhushan Bay (ZS), West Shore (WS), and Gonghu Bay (GH) in Taihu Lake to explore the interplay of bacterial and eukaryotic communities during a 30-day incubation period. The cumulative SMX mineralization on day 30 ranged from 5.2 % to 19.3 %, which was the highest in WS and the lowest in GH. The bacterial community showed larger within-group interactions than between-group interactions, and the positive interactions decreased during incubation. However, the eukaryotic community displayed larger between-group interactions than within-group interactions, and the positive interactions increased during incubation. The proportion of negative interactions between bacteria and eukaryotes increased during incubation. Fifty genera (including 46 bacterial and 4 eukaryotic genera) were identified as the keystone taxa due to their dominance in the co-occurrence network and tolerance to SMX. The cumulative relative abundance of these keystone taxa significantly increased during incubation and was consistent with the SMX mineralization rate. These taxa closely cooperated and played vital roles in co-occurrence networks and microbial community interactions, signifying their crucial role in SMX mineralization. These findings broadened our understanding of the complex interactions of microorganisms under SMX exposure and their potential functions during SMX mineralization, providing valuable insights for in situ bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Kerong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Huang X, Lang X, Tang R, Zhang R, Li S, Su J. Effects of plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, and network complexity on ecosystem multifunctionality in a tropical rainforest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238056. [PMID: 37794931 PMCID: PMC10545900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Plant diversity and soil microbial diversity are important driving factors in sustaining ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the relative importance of plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, and soil microbial network complexity to EMF in tropical rainforests. Methods This study took the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China as the research object, and quantified various ecosystem functions such as soil organic carbon stock, soil nutrient cycling, biomass production, and water regulation in the tropical rainforest to explore the relationship and effect of plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, soil microbial network complexity and EMF. Results Our results exhibited that EMF decreased with increasing liana species richness, soil fungal diversity, and soil fungal network complexity, which followed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with soil bacterial diversity while increasing with soil bacterial network complexity. Soil microbial diversity and plant diversity primarily affected soil nutrient cycling. Additionally, liana species richness had a significant negative effect on soil organic carbon stocks. The random forest model suggested that liana species richness, soil bacterial network complexity, and soil fungal network complexity indicated more relative importance in sustaining EMF. The structural equation model revealed that soil bacterial network complexity and tree species richness displayed the significantly positive effects on EMF, while liana species richness significantly affected EMF via negative pathway. We also observed that soil microbial diversity indirectly affected EMF through soil microbial network complexity. Soil bulk density had a significant and negative effect on liana species richness, thus indirectly influencing EMF. Simultaneously, we further found that liana species richness was the main indicator of sustaining EMF in a tropical rainforest, while soil bacterial diversity was the primary driving factor. Discussion Our findings provide new insight into the relationship between biodiversity and EMF in a tropical rainforest ecosystem and the relative contribution of plant and soil microibal diversity to ecosystem function with increasing global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxuan Chen
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xuedong Lang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shuaifeng Li
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jianrong Su
- Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming, China
- Pu’er Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rolls RJ, Deane DC, Johnson SE, Heino J, Anderson MJ, Ellingsen KE. Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver-response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1388-1423. [PMID: 37072381 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. Biotic differentiation, in turn, is defined as increasing dissimilarity over time. Overall, changes in the spatial dissimilarities among assemblages (termed 'beta diversity') is an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Empirical evidence of biotic homogenisation and biotic differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta-analyses quantify the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying ecological drivers of such changes. By conceptualising the mechanisms that contribute to decreasing or increasing dissimilarity in the composition of ecological assemblages across space, environmental managers and conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required to sustain biodiversity and can predict potential biodiversity outcomes of future disturbances. We systematically reviewed and synthesised published empirical evidence for ecological drivers of biotic homogenisation and differentiation across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater realms to derive conceptual models that explain changes in spatial beta diversity. We pursued five key themes in our review: (i) temporal environmental change; (ii) disturbance regime; (iii) connectivity alteration and species redistribution; (iv) habitat change; and (v) biotic and trophic interactions. Our first conceptual model highlights how biotic homogenisation and differentiation can occur as a function of changes in local (alpha) diversity or regional (gamma) diversity, independently of species invasions and losses due to changes in species occurrence among assemblages. Second, the direction and magnitude of change in beta diversity depends on the interaction between spatial variation (patchiness) and temporal variation (synchronicity) of disturbance events. Third, in the context of connectivity and species redistribution, divergent beta diversity outcomes occur as different species have different dispersal characteristics, and the magnitude of beta diversity change associated with species invasions also depends strongly on alpha and gamma diversity prior to species invasion. Fourth, beta diversity is positively linked with spatial environmental variability, such that biotic homogenisation and differentiation occur when environmental heterogeneity decreases or increases, respectively. Fifth, species interactions can influence beta diversity via habitat modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, and by altering ecosystem productivity. Our synthesis highlights the multitude of mechanisms that cause assemblages to be more or less spatially similar in composition (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through time. We consider that future studies should aim to enhance our collective understanding of ecological systems by clarifying the underlying mechanisms driving homogenisation or differentiation, rather than focusing only on reporting the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, per se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Rolls
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - David C Deane
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Natural Resources Department, Northland College, Ashland, WI, 54891, USA
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Marti J Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kari E Ellingsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, Tromsø, 9296, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mishra A, Singh L, Singh D. Unboxing the black box-one step forward to understand the soil microbiome: A systematic review. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:669-683. [PMID: 35112151 PMCID: PMC9957845 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil is one of the most important assets of the planet Earth, responsible for maintaining the biodiversity and managing the ecosystem services for both managed and natural ecosystems. It encompasses large proportion of microscopic biodiversity, including prokaryotes and the microscopic eukaryotes. Soil microbiome is critical in managing the soil functions, but their activities have diminutive recognition in few systems like desert land and forest ecosystems. Soil microbiome is highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors like pH, carbon content, soil structure, texture, and vegetation, but it can notably vary with ecosystems and the respective inhabitants. Thus, unboxing this black box is essential to comprehend the basic components adding to the soil systems and supported ecosystem services. Recent advancements in the field of molecular microbial ecology have delivered commanding tools to examine this genetic trove of soil biodiversity. Objective of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of the work on the soil microbiome, especially since the advent of the NGS techniques. The review also focuses on advances in our understanding of soil communities, their interactions, and functional capabilities along with understanding their role in maneuvering the biogeochemical cycle while underlining and tapping the unprecedented metagenomics data to infer the ecological attributes of yet undiscovered soil microbiome. This review focuses key research directions that could shape the future of basic and applied research into the soil microbiome. This review has led us to understand that it is difficult to generalize that soil microbiome plays a substantiated role in shaping the soil networks and it is indeed a vital resource for sustaining the ecosystem functioning. Exploring soil microbiome will help in unlocking their roles in various soil network. It could be resourceful in exploring and forecasting its impacts on soil systems and for dealing with alleviating problems like rapid climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research [AcSIR], Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, , CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lal Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, , CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmesh Singh
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li P, Zhang J, Ding S, Yan P, Zhang P, Ding S. Environmental Effects on Taxonomic Turnover in Soil Fauna across Multiple Forest Ecosystems in East Asia. INSECTS 2022; 13:1103. [PMID: 36555013 PMCID: PMC9786105 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale spatial variation in and causes of biotic turnover of soil fauna remain poorly understood. Analyses were conducted based on published data from 14 independent sampling sites across five forest ecosystems in East Asia. Jaccard and Sørensen's indices were used to measure turnover rates in soil fauna orders. A redundancy analysis was used to investigate multiple environmental controls of the composition of soil fauna communities. The results showed that both Jaccard's and Sørensen's index increased significantly with increasing latitude difference. The environment explained 54.1%, 50.6%, 57.3% and 50.9% of the total variance, and spatial factors explained 13.8%, 15.9%, 21.0% and 12.6% of the total variance in the orders' composition regarding overall, phytophagous, predatory and saprophagous fauna, respectively. In addition, climate factors in environmental processes were observed to have a stronger effect than soil factors on the orders' turnover rates. Our results support the hypothesis that the effect of environment factors on soil animal taxa turnover is more important than the effect of spatial factors. Climatic factors explained more variation in the turnover of phytophagic fauna, but soil and environment factors equally explained the variation in the turnover of predatory fauna. This study provides evidence to support both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation hypotheses at the regional and population scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shunping Ding
- Plant Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Peisen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shengyan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bibi F, Balasubramanian D, Ilyas M, Sher J, Samoon HA, Bin Khalid MH, Alharby HF, Majrashi A, Alghamdi SA, Hakeem KR, Shah M, Rather SA. Seasonal Variations of Fine Root Dynamics in Rubber- Flemingia macrophylla Intercropping System in Southwestern China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2682. [PMID: 36297706 PMCID: PMC9611961 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping cover crops with trees enhance land productivity and improves the soil’s physio-chemical properties while reducing the negative environmental impact. However, there is a lack of quantitative information on the relationships between fine root biomass and available soil nutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), especially in the rubber-Flemingia macrophylla intercropping system. Therefore, this study was initiated to explore the seasonal variation in fine root biomass and available soil nutrients at different stand ages (12, 15, and 24 years) and management systems, i.e., rubber monoculture (mono) and rubber-Flemingia macrophylla intercropping. In this study, we sampled 900 soil cores over five seasonal intervals, representing one year of biomass. The results showed that the total fine root biomass was greater in 12-year-old rubber monoculture; the same trend was observed in soil nutrients P and K. Furthermore, total fine root biomass had a significant positive correlation with available N (p < 0.001) in rubber monoculture and intercropping systems. Thus, it suggests that fine root growth and accumulation is a function of available soil nutrients. Our results indicate that fine root biomass and soil nutrients (P and K) may be determined by the functional characteristics of dominant tree species rather than collective mixed-species intercropping and are closely linked to forest stand type, topographic and edaphic factors. However, further investigations are needed to understand interspecific and complementary interactions between intercrop species under the rubber-Flemingia macrophylla intercropping system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farkhanda Bibi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Durairaj Balasubramanian
- Department of Botany, Arunachal University of Studies, NH-52, Namsai 792103, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Jan Sher
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Hamz Ali Samoon
- Principal Scientific Officer Pakistan Agricultural Research Council-Water and Agricultural Waste Management Institute, Tando Jam 70050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera A. Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Shabir A. Rather
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miao BG, Peng YQ, Yang DR, Guénard B, Liu C. Diversity begets diversity: Low resource heterogeneity reduces the diversity of nut-nesting ants in rubber plantations. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:932-941. [PMID: 34423564 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most general patterns in ecology is the positive relationship between environmental heterogeneity and local diversity. On the one hand, increased resource heterogeneity provides more resources for diverse consumers in the community. On the other hand, increased structural heterogeneity creates variation in the environment's physical structure, thus allowing the coexistence of diverse species with different environmental requirements. Here, we examined the relative importance of resource and structural heterogeneity in determining the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of nut-nesting ants in natural rainforest and rubber plantation. The species richness of nut-nesting ants was 70% higher in rainforest than in rubber plantation. The clustered functional and phylogenetic structure in rubber plantation suggested a strong effect of environmental filtering in shaping ant functional and phylogenetic structure. Nesting heterogeneity (nut diversity) was the major factor explaining variation in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity, suggesting that resource heterogeneity plays a major role in shaping the biodiversity patterns of nut-nesting ants. Overall, these results indicate that decreased resource diversity following the conversion of rainforest to rubber plantation can drive biodiversity loss in nut-nesting ants, through its effect on reducing both ant species, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. The decline in species richness and functional and phylogenetic diversity in the local ant community might have major effects on ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Ge Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan Province, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan Province, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Da-Rong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutional Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Laroche PCSJ, Schulp CJE, Kastner T, Verburg PH. Assessing the contribution of mobility in the European Union to rubber expansion. AMBIO 2022; 51:770-783. [PMID: 34120297 PMCID: PMC8197600 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nearly three-quarters of global natural rubber production is used to produce tyres, supporting mobility around the globe. The projected increase in mobility could contribute to further expansion of rubber plantations and impact tropical ecosystems. We quantified the use of natural rubber in tyres in the European Union (EU), the corresponding land footprint, and explored drivers of tyre use using country-specific transport statistics and trade registers of rubber goods. Five percent of the world's natural rubber is consumed in tyres used in the EU, using up to a quarter of the area under rubber plantations in some producing countries. Car use is responsible for 58% of this consumption, due to car-dependent lifestyles that are associated with economic prosperity and spatial planning paradigms. While the EU's transport policy focuses on reducing dependence on fossil-fuels, cross-cutting policies are needed to address car-dependency and reduce the EU's land footprint in tropical landscapes without compromising progress towards decarbonisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perrine C. S. J. Laroche
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. E. Schulp
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kastner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
| | - Peter H. Verburg
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Land Use Land Cover Classification with U-Net: Advantages of Combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13183600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The U-net is nowadays among the most popular deep learning algorithms for land use/land cover (LULC) mapping; nevertheless, it has rarely been used with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multispectral (MS) imagery. On the other hand, the discrimination between plantations and forests in LULC maps has been emphasized, especially for tropical areas, due to their differences in biodiversity and ecosystem services provision. In this study, we trained a U-net using different imagery inputs from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites, MS, SAR and a combination of both (MS + SAR); while a random forests algorithm (RF) with the MS + SAR input was also trained to evaluate the difference in algorithm selection. The classification system included ten classes, including old-growth and secondary forests, as well as old-growth and young plantations. The most accurate results were obtained with the MS + SAR U-net, where the highest overall accuracy (0.76) and average F1-score (0.58) were achieved. Although MS + SAR and MS U-nets gave similar results for almost all of the classes, for old-growth plantations and secondary forest, the addition of the SAR band caused an F1-score increment of 0.08–0.11 (0.62 vs. 0.54 and 0.45 vs. 0.34, respectively). Consecutively, in comparison with the MS + SAR RF, the MS + SAR U-net obtained higher F1-scores for almost all the classes. Our results show that using the U-net with a combined input of SAR and MS images enabled a higher F1-score and accuracy for a detailed LULC map, in comparison with other evaluated methods.
Collapse
|
13
|
Song H, Singh D, Tomlinson KW, Yang X, Ogwu MC, Slik JWF, Adams JM. Tropical forest conversion to rubber plantation in southwest China results in lower fungal beta diversity and reduced network complexity. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5519853. [PMID: 31210262 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive, ongoing conversion of tropical forests to rubber plantation, the effects of this land-use change on soil fungal community diversity and composition are still poorly known. We compared a network of sites of tropical forest in southern Yunnan, China, with a network of rubber plantation sites originally derived from this forest. Soil DNA was amplified for ITS2 and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. We found that there was a major shift in community composition across all phyla, including a large reduction in ectomycorrhizal fungi likely related to the absence of hosts. Conversion from forest to rubber plantation had no effect on total fungal α-diversity, but rubber plantation had lower β-diversity, resulting in lower overall gamma diversity. Networks based on co-occurrence of operational taxonomic unit in each land-use type showed that network complexity decreased with land-use change from forest to rubber plantation. Further investigation of soil functionality is needed to investigate whether this lower network complexity is related to reduced soil ecosystem resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hokyung Song
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dharmesh Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology & Genomics Division, CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020, India.,Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Matthew Chidozie Ogwu
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - J W Ferry Slik
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Oceanography and Geography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang N, Li Y, Zhang W, Lin L, Qian B, Wang L, Niu L, Zhang H. Cascade dam impoundments restrain the trophic transfer efficiencies in benthic microbial food web. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115351. [PMID: 31810033 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the effects of cascade dams on benthic microbial ecosystem is essential for dam regulation and ecological function protection. However, no comprehensive investigation has yet shown the ecosystem-level responses of microbiota to dam impoundments. This study conducted DNA metabarcoding and microbial food web analysis for multiple species and their interrelationships along a cascade dam-affected river. The composition, distribution and diversity of bacteria, protozoans and metazoans were obviously different between river and reservoirs, mainly controlled by hydrological (P < 0.01) and nutrient parameters (P < 0.05). Those three groups make up a co-occurrence network, with most edges direct from higher to lower trophic levels or vice versa and more than 50% keystones participate in the food web, indicating the significant role of predator-prey relationships. Based on the microbial food web analysis, the predator biomass, especially at higher trophic levels, decreased by about 10% from the riverine to the lacustrine system. The structural equation model illustrates that both bottom-up forces (environmental factors particularly velocity and nutrient concentrations) and top-down forces (higher trophic levels) critically control microbial food web patterns (P < 0.05). As a result of dam impoundments, the lower velocity in the reservoirs has direct negative effects on trophic transfer efficiencies that may be further magnified by nutrient accumulation, probably leading to an increase of eutrophication and posing a risk to water quality. The results suggest the potential ecological risk in the reservoirs and highlight the need to consider from the perspective of ecosystem during the operation of cascade dams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Basin Water Environment, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resources and Ecological Environment Sciences, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Bao Qian
- Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| |
Collapse
|