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Wyczanska M, Thalmeier F, Keller U, Klaus R, Narasimhan H, Ji X, Schraml BU, Wackerbarth LM, Lange-Sperandio B. Interleukin-10 enhances recruitment of immune cells in the neonatal mouse model of obstructive nephropathy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5495. [PMID: 38448513 PMCID: PMC10917785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract obstruction during renal development leads to inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, tubular cell death, and interstitial fibrosis. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, produced mainly by monocytes/macrophages and regulatory T-cells. IL-10 inhibits innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-10 has a protective role in the adult model of obstructive uropathy. However, its role in neonatal obstructive uropathy is still unclear which led us to study the role of IL-10 in neonatal mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). UUO serves as a model for congenital obstructive nephropathies, a leading cause of kidney failure in children. Newborn Il-10-/- and C57BL/6 wildtype-mice (WT) were subjected to complete UUO or sham-operation on the 2nd day of life. Neonatal kidneys were harvested at day 3, 7, and 14 of life and analyzed for different leukocyte subpopulations by FACS, for cytokines and chemokines by Luminex assay and ELISA, and for inflammation, programmed cell death, and fibrosis by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Compared to WT mice, Il-10-/- mice showed reduced infiltration of neutrophils, CD11bhi cells, conventional type 1 dendritic cells, and T-cells following UUO. Il-10-/- mice with UUO also showed a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release compared to WT with UUO, mainly of IP-10, IL-1α, MIP-2α and IL-17A. In addition, Il-10-/- mice showed less necroptosis after UUO while the rate of apoptosis was not different. Finally, α-SMA and collagen abundance as readout for fibrosis were similar in Il-10-/- and WT with UUO. Surprisingly and in contrast to adult Il-10-/- mice undergoing UUO, neonatal Il-10-/- mice with UUO showed a reduced inflammatory response compared to respective WT control mice with UUO. Notably, long term changes such as renal fibrosis were not different between neonatal Il-10-/- and neonatal WT mice with UUO suggesting that IL-10 signaling is different in neonates and adults with UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Wyczanska
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Thalmeier
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Klaus
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Hamsa Narasimhan
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Xingqi Ji
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara U Schraml
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lou M Wackerbarth
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bärbel Lange-Sperandio
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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Davis SN, Grindel SH, Viola JM, Liu GY, Liu J, Qian G, Porter CM, Hughes AJ. Nephron progenitors rhythmically alternate between renewal and differentiation phases that synchronize with kidney branching morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.21.568157. [PMID: 38045273 PMCID: PMC10690271 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney achieves massive parallelization of function by exponentially duplicating nephron-forming niches during development. Each niche caps a tip of the ureteric bud epithelium (the future urinary collecting duct tree) as it undergoes branching morphogenesis, while nephron progenitors within niches balance self-renewal and differentiation to early nephron cells. Nephron formation rate approximately matches branching rate over a large fraction of mouse gestation, yet the nature of this apparent pace-maker is unknown. Here we correlate spatial transcriptomics data with branching 'life-cycle' to discover rhythmically alternating signatures of nephron progenitor differentiation and renewal across Wnt, Hippo-Yap, retinoic acid (RA), and other pathways. We then find in human stem-cell derived nephron progenitor organoids that Wnt/β-catenin-induced differentiation is converted to a renewal signal when it temporally overlaps with YAP activation. Similar experiments using RA activation indicate a role in setting nephron progenitor exit from the naive state, the spatial extent of differentiation, and nephron segment bias. Together the data suggest that nephron progenitor interpretation of consistent Wnt/β-catenin differentiation signaling in the niche may be modified by rhythmic activity in ancillary pathways to set the pace of nephron formation. This would synchronize nephron formation with ureteric bud branching, which creates new sites for nephron condensation. Our data bring temporal resolution to the renewal vs. differentiation balance in the nephrogenic niche and inform new strategies to achieve self-sustaining nephron formation in synthetic human kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin N Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Samuel H Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - John M Viola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Grace Y Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Jiageng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Grace Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
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Schnell J, Achieng M, Lindström NO. Principles of human and mouse nephron development. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:628-642. [PMID: 35869368 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying kidney development in mice and humans is an area of intense study. Insights into kidney organogenesis have the potential to guide our understanding of the origin of congenital anomalies and enable the assembly of genetic diagnostic tools. A number of studies have delineated signalling nodes that regulate positional identities and cell fates of nephron progenitor and precursor cells, whereas cross-species comparisons have markedly enhanced our understanding of conserved and divergent features of mammalian kidney organogenesis. Greater insights into the complex cellular movements that occur as the proximal-distal axis is established have challenged our understanding of nephron patterning and provided important clues to the elaborate developmental context in which human kidney diseases can arise. Studies of kidney development in vivo have also facilitated efforts to recapitulate nephrogenesis in kidney organoids in vitro, by providing a detailed blueprint of signalling events, cell movements and patterning mechanisms that are required for the formation of correctly patterned nephrons and maturation of physiologically functional apparatus that are responsible for maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Schnell
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - MaryAnne Achieng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nils Olof Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Beaven R, Denholm B. Early patterning followed by tissue growth establishes distal identity in Drosophila Malpighian tubules. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:947376. [PMID: 36060795 PMCID: PMC9437309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.947376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Specification and elaboration of proximo-distal (P-D) axes for structures or tissues within a body occurs secondarily from that of the main axes of the body. Our understanding of the mechanism(s) that pattern P-D axes is limited to a few examples such as vertebrate and invertebrate limbs. Drosophila Malpighian/renal tubules (MpTs) are simple epithelial tubules, with a defined P-D axis. How this axis is patterned is not known, and provides an ideal context to understand patterning mechanisms of a secondary axis. Furthermore, epithelial tubules are widespread, and their patterning is not well understood. Here, we describe the mechanism that establishes distal tubule and show this is a radically different mechanism to that patterning the proximal MpT. The distal domain is patterned in two steps: distal identity is specified in a small group of cells very early in MpT development through Wingless/Wnt signalling. Subsequently, this population is expanded by proliferation to generate the distal MpT domain. This mechanism enables distal identity to be established in the tubule in a domain of cells much greater than the effective range of Wingless.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry Denholm
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Lemaire M. Novel Fanconi renotubular syndromes provide insights in proximal tubule pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 320:F145-F160. [PMID: 33283647 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The various forms of Fanconi renotubular syndromes (FRTS) offer significant challenges for clinicians and present unique opportunities for scientists who study proximal tubule physiology. This review will describe the clinical characteristics, genetic underpinnings, and underlying pathophysiology of the major forms of FRST. Although the classic forms of FRTS will be presented (e.g., Dent disease or Lowe syndrome), particular attention will be paid to five of the most recently discovered FRTS subtypes caused by mutations in the genes encoding for L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (GATM), solute carrier family 34 (type Ii sodium/phosphate cotransporter), member 1 (SLC34A1), enoyl-CoAhydratase/3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (EHHADH), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A), or NADH dehydrogenase complex I, assembly factor 6 (NDUFAF6). We will explore how mutations in these genes revealed unexpected mechanisms that led to compromised proximal tubule functions. We will also describe the inherent challenges associated with gene discovery studies based on findings derived from small, single-family studies by focusing the story of FRTS type 2 (SLC34A1). Finally, we will explain how extensive alternative splicing of HNF4A has resulted in confusion with mutation nomenclature for FRTS type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lemaire
- Division of Nephrology and Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Molecular detection of maturation stages in the developing kidney. Dev Biol 2020; 470:62-73. [PMID: 33197428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell biology have enabled the generation of kidney organoids in vitro, and further maturation of these organoids is observed after experimental transplantation. However, the current organoids remain immature and their precise maturation stages are difficult to determine because of limited information on developmental stage-dependent gene expressions in the kidney in vivo. To establish relevant molecular coordinates, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on developing kidneys at different stages in the mouse. By selecting genes that exhibited upregulation at birth compared with embryonic day 15.5 as well as cell lineage-specific expression, we generated gene lists correlated with developmental stages in individual cell lineages. Application of these lists to transplanted embryonic kidneys revealed that most cell types, other than the collecting ducts, exhibited similar maturation to kidneys at the neonatal stage in vivo, revealing non-synchronous maturation across the cell lineages. Thus, our scRNA-seq data can serve as useful molecular coordinates to assess the maturation of developing kidneys and eventually of kidney organoids.
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Marable SS, Chung E, Park JS. Hnf4a Is Required for the Development of Cdh6-Expressing Progenitors into Proximal Tubules in the Mouse Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2543-2558. [PMID: 32764140 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte NF 4α (Hnf4a) is a major regulator of renal proximal tubule (PT) development. In humans, a mutation in HNF4A impairs PT functions and is associated with Fanconi renotubular syndrome (FRTS). In mice, mosaic deletion of Hnf4a in the developing kidney reduces the population of PT cells, leading to FRTS-like symptoms. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Hnf4a in PT development remain unclear. METHODS The gene deletion tool Osr2Cre removed Hnf4a in developing nephrons in mice, generating a novel model for FRTS. Immunofluorescence analysis characterized the mutant phenotype, and lineage analysis tested whether Cadherin-6 (Cdh6)-expressing cells are PT progenitors. Genome-wide mapping of Hnf4a binding sites and differential gene analysis of Hnf4a mutant kidneys identified direct target genes of Hnf4a. RESULTS Deletion of Hnf4a with Osr2Cre led to the complete loss of mature PT cells, lethal to the Hnf4a mutant mice. Cdh6high, lotus tetragonolobus lectin-low (LTLlow) cells serve as PT progenitors and demonstrate higher proliferation than Cdh6low, LTLhigh differentiated PT cells. Additionally, Hnf4a is required for PT progenitors to differentiate into mature PT cells. Genomic analyses revealed that Hnf4a directly regulates the expression of genes involved in transmembrane transport and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Hnf4a promotes the differentiation of PT progenitors into mature PT cells by regulating the expression of genes associated with reabsorption, the major function of PT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra S Marable
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eunah Chung
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio .,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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