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Surma M, Anbarasu K, Das A. Arp2/3 mediated dynamic lamellipodia of the hPSC colony edges promote liposome-based DNA delivery. Stem Cells 2024; 42:607-622. [PMID: 38717908 PMCID: PMC11228622 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Cationic liposome-mediated delivery of drugs, DNA, or RNA plays a pivotal role in small molecule therapy, gene editing, and immunization. However, our current knowledge regarding the cellular structures that facilitate this process remains limited. Here, we used human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which form compact colonies consisting of dynamically active cells at the periphery and epithelial-like cells at the core. We discovered that cells at the colony edges selectively got transfected by cationic liposomes through actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) dependent dynamic lamellipodia, which is augmented by myosin II inhibition. Conversely, cells at the core establish tight junctions at their apical surfaces, impeding liposomal access to the basal lamellipodia and thereby inhibiting transfection. In contrast, liposomes incorporating mannosylated lipids are internalized throughout the entire colony via receptor-mediated endocytosis. These findings contribute a novel mechanistic insight into enhancing therapeutic delivery via liposomes, particularly in cell types characterized by dynamic lamellipodia, such as immune cells or those comprising the epithelial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Surma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Kavitha Anbarasu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Arupratan Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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Yang CT, Kristiani E, Leong YK, Chang JS. Big data and machine learning driven bioprocessing - Recent trends and critical analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128625. [PMID: 36642201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential of machine learning algorithms in revolutionizing the bioengineering field, this paper examined and summarized the literature related to artificial intelligence (AI) in the bioprocessing field. Natural language processing (NLP) was employed to explore the direction of the research domain. All the papers from 2013 to 2022 with specific keywords of bioprocessing using AI were extracted from Scopus and grouped into two five-year periods of 2013-to-2017 and 2018-to-2022, where the past and recent research directions were compared. Based on this procedure, selected sample papers from recent five years were subjected to further review and analysis. The result shows that 50% of the publications in the past five-year focused on topics related to hybrid models, ANN, biopharmaceutical manufacturing, and biorefinery. The summarization and analysis of the outcome indicated that implementing AI could improve the design and process engineering strategies in bioprocessing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tung Yang
- Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Endah Kristiani
- Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Department of Informatics, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta 11470, Indonesia
| | - Yoong Kit Leong
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Nagai H, Miwa A, Yoneda K, Fujisawa K, Takami T. Optimizing the Seeding Density of Human Mononuclear Cells to Improve the Purity of Highly Proliferative Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010102. [PMID: 36671674 PMCID: PMC9855129 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold considerable promise for regenerative medicine. Optimization of the seeding density of mononuclear cells (MNCs) improves the proliferative and differentiation potential of isolated MSCs. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We cultured human bone marrow MNCs at various seeding densities (4.0 × 104, 1.25 × 105, 2.5 × 105, 6.0 × 105, 1.25 × 106 cells/cm2) and examined MSC colony formation. At lower seeding densities (4.0 × 104, 1.25 × 105 cells/cm2), colonies varied in diameter and density, from dense to sparse. In these colonies, the proportion of highly proliferative MSCs increased over time. In contrast, lower proliferative MSCs enlarged more rapidly. Senescent cells were removed using a short detachment treatment. We found that these mechanisms increase the purity of highly proliferative MSCs. Thereafter, we compared MSCs isolated under optimized conditions with a higher density (1.25 × 106 cells/cm2). MSCs under optimized conditions exhibited significantly higher proliferative and differentiation potential into adipocytes and chondrocytes, except for osteocytes. We propose the following conditions to improve MSC quality: (1) optimizing MNC seeding density to form single-cell colonies; (2) adjusting incubation times to increase highly proliferative MSCs; and (3) establishing a detachment processing time that excludes senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nagai
- Shibuya Corporation, Kanazawa 920-8681, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miwa
- Shibuya Corporation, Kanazawa 920-8681, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoneda
- Shibuya Corporation, Kanazawa 920-8681, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Mizuno M, Ozeki N, Sekiya I. Safety of using cultured cells with trisomy 7 in cell therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Regen Ther 2022; 21:81-86. [PMID: 35785042 PMCID: PMC9234008 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising alternative treatment approach currently under study for osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic musculoskeletal disease. However, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used in cell therapy to treat OA are usually expanded in vitro to obtain sufficient numbers for transplantation, and their safety has not been fully assessed from multiple perspectives. Analysis of karyotypic abnormalities, in particular, is important to ensure the safety of cells; however, chromosomal mutations may also occur during the cell-expansion process. In addition, there have been many reports showing chromosome abnormalities, mainly trisomy 7, in the cartilage and synovium of patients with OA as well as in normal tissues. The suitability of cells with these karyotypic abnormalities as cells for cell therapy has not been evaluated. Recently, we assessed the safety of using cells with trisomy 7 from the osteoarthritic joint of a patient for transplantation, and we followed up with the patient for 5 years. This study showed analysis for copy number variant and whole-genome sequencing, compared with blood DNA from the same patient. We did not find any abnormalities in the genes regardless of trisomy 7. No side effects were observed for at least 5 years in the human clinical study. This suggests that the transplantation of cultured cells with trisomy 7 isolated from an osteoarthritic joint and transplanted into the osteoarthritic joints of the same person is not expected to cause serious adverse events. However, it is unclear what problems may arise in the case of allogeneic transplantation. Different types of risks will also exist depending on other transplantation routes, such as localization to the knee-joint only or circulation inflow and lung entrapment. In addition, since the cause of trisomy 7 occurrence remains unclear, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of trisomy 7 in OA to perform cell therapy for OA patients in a safe manner. Trisomy 7 is frequently observed in the cartilage and synovium of patients with OA. MSCs with trisomy 7 did not form tumor after transplantation into mice. No side effects were observed 5 years after transplantation of MSCs with trisomy 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Corresponding author. Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. Fax: +81 3 5803-0192.
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Modelling and Differential Quantification of Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing Growth Curves. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165286. [PMID: 34450726 PMCID: PMC8401457 DOI: 10.3390/s21165286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of cell surface coverage has become a common technique for the assessment of growth behavior of cells. As an indirect measurement method, this can be accomplished by monitoring changes in electrode impedance, which constitutes the basis of electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). ECIS typically yields growth curves where impedance is plotted against time, and changes in single cell growth behavior or cell proliferation can be displayed without significantly impacting cell physiology. To provide better comparability of ECIS curves in different experimental settings, we developed a large toolset of R scripts for their transformation and quantification. They allow importing growth curves generated by ECIS systems, edit, transform, graph and analyze them while delivering quantitative data extracted from reference points on the curve. Quantification is implemented through three different curve fit algorithms (smoothing spline, logistic model, segmented regression). From the obtained models, curve reference points such as the first derivative maximum, segmentation knots and area under the curve are then extracted. The scripts were tested for general applicability in real-life cell culture experiments on partly anonymized cell lines, a calibration setup with a cell dilution series of impedance versus seeded cell number and finally IPEC-J2 cells treated with 1% and 5% ethanol.
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Mizuno M, Endo K, Katano H, Amano N, Nomura M, Hasegawa Y, Ozeki N, Koga H, Takasu N, Ohara O, Morio T, Sekiya I. Transplantation of human autologous synovial mesenchymal stem cells with trisomy 7 into the knee joint and 5 years of follow-up. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1530-1543. [PMID: 34342383 PMCID: PMC8550709 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can show trisomy 7; however, the safety of these cells has not been fully investigated. The purposes of this study were to determine the ratio of patients whose synovial MSCs were transplanted clinically, to intensively investigate MSCs with trisomy 7 from a safety perspective, and to follow up the patients for 5 years after transplantation. Synovial MSCs at passage 0 were transplanted into a knee for degenerative meniscus tears in 10 patients, and the patients were checked at 5 years. The synovial MSCs were evaluated at passages 0 to 15 by G‐bands and digital karyotyping, and trisomy 7 was found in 3 of 10 patients. In those three patients, 5% to 10% of the synovial MSCs showed trisomy 7. The mRNA expressions of representative oncogenes and genes on chromosome 7 did not differ between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Whole‐genome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis showed similar results for MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Transplantation of human synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 into eight mouse knees did not result in tumor formation under the skin or in the knees after 8 weeks in any mouse, whereas transplanted HT1080 cells formed tumors. In vitro chondrogenic potentials were similar between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Five‐year follow‐ups revealed no serious adverse events in all 10 human patients, including 3 who had received MSCs with trisomy 7. Overall, our findings indicated that synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 were comparable with MSCs without trisomy 7 from a safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Amano
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports MedicineGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied GenomicsKazusa DNA Research InstituteChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
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Optimal Pore Size of Honeycomb Polylactic Acid Films for In Vitro Cartilage Formation by Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9239728. [PMID: 34394358 PMCID: PMC8356005 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9239728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering of cartilage requires the selection of an appropriate artificial scaffold. Polylactic acid (PLA) honeycomb films are expected to be highly biodegradable and cell adhesive due to their high porosity. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal pore size of honeycomb PLA films for in vitro cartilage formation using synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Suspensions of human synovial MSCs were plated on PLA films with different pore sizes (no pores, or with 5 μm or 20 μm pores) and then observed by scanning electron microscopy. The numbers of cells remaining in the film and passing through the film were quantified. One day after plating, the medium was switched to chondrogenic induction medium, and the films were time-lapse imaged and observed histologically. Results The 5 μm pore film showed MSCs with pseudopodia that extended between several pores, while the 20 μm pore film showed MSC bodies submerged into the pores. The number of adhered MSCs was significantly lower for the film without pores, while the number of MSCs that passed through the film was significantly higher for the 20 μm pore film. MSCs that were induced to form cartilage peeled off as a sheet from the poreless film after one day. MSCs formed thicker cartilage at two weeks when growing on the 5 μm pore films than on the 20 μm pore films. Conclusions Honeycomb PLA films with 5 μm pores were suitable for in vitro cartilage formation by synovial MSCs.
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