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Feng S, Yao YT, Wang BB, Li YM, Li L, Bao AK. Flavonoids are involved in salt tolerance through ROS scavenging in the halophyte Atriplex canescens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:5. [PMID: 38127154 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The content of flavonoids could increase in A. canescens under saline conditions. Overexpression of AcCHI in transgenic A. thaliana promotes flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby functioning in the tolerance of transgenic plants to salt and osmotic stress by maintaining ROS homeostasis. Atriplex canescens is a halophytic forage shrub with excellent adaptation to saline environment. Our previous study showed that a large number of genes related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids in A. canescens were significantly up-regulated by NaCl treatments. However, it remains unclear whether flavonoids are involved in A. canescens response to salinity. In this study, we found that the accumulation of flavonoids significantly increased in either the leaves or roots of A. canescens seedling under 100 and 300 mM NaCl treatments. Correspondingly, AcCHS, AcCHI and AcF3H, which encode three key enzymes (chalcone synthases (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), respectively) of flavonoids biosynthesis, were significantly induced in the roots or leaves of A. canescens by 100 or 300 mM NaCl. Then, we generated the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing AcCHI and found that transgenic plants accumulated more flavonoids through enhancing the pathway of flavonoids biosynthesis. Furthermore, overexpression of AcCHI conferred salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic A. thaliana. Contrasted with wild-type A. thaliana, transgenic lines grew better with greater biomass, less H2O2 content as well as lower relative plasma permeability in either salt or osmotic stress conditions. In conclusion, our results indicate that flavonoids play an important role in A. canescens response to salt stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and the key enzyme gene AcCHI in flavonoids biosynthesis pathway of A. canescens has the potential to improve the stress tolerance of forages and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yi-Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Grassland, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Zhang W, Zeng Y, Jiao M, Ye C, Li Y, Liu C, Wang J. Integration of high-throughput omics technologies in medicinal plant research: The new era of natural drug discovery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1073848. [PMID: 36743502 PMCID: PMC9891177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1073848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are natural sources to unravel novel bioactive compounds to satisfy human pharmacological potentials. The world's demand for herbal medicines is increasing year by year; however, large-scale production of medicinal plants and their derivatives is still limited. The rapid development of modern technology has stimulated multi-omics research in medicinal plants, leading to a series of breakthroughs on key genes, metabolites, enzymes involved in biosynthesis and regulation of active compounds. Here, we summarize the latest research progress on the molecular intricacy of medicinal plants, including the comparison of genomics to demonstrate variation and evolution among species, the application of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to explore dynamic changes of molecular compounds, and the utilization of potential resources for natural drug discovery. These multi-omics research provide the theoretical basis for environmental adaptation of medicinal plants and allow us to understand the chemical diversity and composition of bioactive compounds. Many medicinal herbs' phytochemical constituents and their potential health benefits are not fully explored. Given their large diversity and global distribution as well as the impacts of growth duration and environmental factors on bioactive phytochemicals in medicinal plants, it is crucial to emphasize the research needs of using multi-omics technologies to address basic and applied problems in medicinal plants to aid in developing new and improved medicinal plant resources and discovering novel medicinal ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics & Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, VA, Blacksburg, United States
- Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, VA, Blackstone, United States
| | - Meng Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Ye
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanguang Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics & Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, China
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Yang L, Li WC, Fu FL, Qu J, Sun F, Yu H, Zhang J. Characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes facilitating flavonoid biosynthesis from two species of medicinal plant Anoectochilus. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13614. [PMID: 35818361 PMCID: PMC9270878 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anoectochilus roxburghii and Anoectochilus formosanus, belong to the Anoectochilus genus, have been used for Chinese herbal drugs as well as health food. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), the key enzyme in primary metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism, produces secondary metabolites (flavonoids) in plants, which are beneficial for the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid metabolites. Methods The PAL genes were cloned from A. formosanus and A. roxburghii according to our previous transcriptomic analysis. The PALs were introduced into pCAMBIA2300-35S-PAL-eGFP to generate 35S-PAL-eGFP. The constructs were further used for subcellular localization and transgenic Arabidopsis. The expression of AfPAL and ArPAL under precursor substance (L-Phe), NaCl, UV, and red-light were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results AfPAL and ArPAL , encoding 2,148 base pairs, were cloned from A. formosanus and A. roxburghii. The subcellular localization showed that the ArPAL and AfPAL were both localized in the nucleus with GPF. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the ArPAL and AfPAL genes function in the phenylalanine pathway as well as response to induced conditions. Overexpression of the AfPAL and ArPAL could increase flavonoids and anthocyanin content in the transgenic Arabidopsis. Discussion The results suggest that AfPAL and ArPAL play a crucial role in the flavonoid biosynthesis in Anoectochilus. Also, our study provides new insights into the enrichment of secondary metabolites of traditional Chinese medicines A. formosanus and A. roxburghii, which can improve their medicinal active ingredients and be used for drug discovery in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Sanming University, Medical Plant Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center Fujian Province University, Sanming, China
| | - Wan-Chen Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Maize Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-ling Fu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Maize Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingtao Qu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Maize Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuai Sun
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Maize Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoqiang Yu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Maize Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Juncheng Zhang
- Sanming University, Medical Plant Exploitation and Utilization Engineering Research Center Fujian Province University, Sanming, China
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Borredá C, Perez-Roman E, Talon M, Terol J. Comparative transcriptomics of wild and commercial Citrus during early ripening reveals how domestication shaped fruit gene expression. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:123. [PMID: 35300613 PMCID: PMC8928680 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecific hybridizations and admixtures were key in Citrus domestication, but very little is known about their impact at the transcriptomic level. To determine the effects of genome introgressions on gene expression, the transcriptomes of the pulp and flavedo of three pure species (citron, pure mandarin and pummelo) and four derived domesticated genetic admixtures (sour orange, sweet orange, lemon and domesticated mandarin) have been analyzed at color break. RESULTS Many genes involved in relevant physiological processes for domestication, such sugar/acid metabolism and carotenoid/flavonoid synthesis, were differentially expressed among samples. In the low-sugar, highly acidic species lemon and citron, many genes involved in sugar metabolism, the TCA cycle and GABA shunt displayed a reduced expression, while the P-type ATPase CitPH5 and most subunits of the vacuolar ATPase were overexpressed. The red-colored species and admixtures were generally characterized by the overexpression in the flavedo of specific pivotal genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis, including phytoene synthase, ζ-carotene desaturase, β-lycopene cyclase and CCD4b, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase. The expression patterns of many genes involved in flavonoid modifications, especially the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid O-methyltransferases showed extreme diversity. However, the most noticeable differential expression was shown by a chalcone synthase gene, which catalyzes a key step in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. This chalcone synthase was exclusively expressed in mandarins and their admixed species, which only expressed the mandarin allele. In addition, comparisons between wild and domesticated mandarins revealed that the major differences between their transcriptomes concentrate in the admixed regions. CONCLUSION In this work we present a first study providing broad evidence that the genome introgressions that took place during citrus domestication largely shaped gene expression in their fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Borredá
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Perez-Roman
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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Gam DT, Khoi PH, Ngoc PB, Linh LK, Hung NK, Anh PTL, Thu NT, Hien NTT, Khanh TD, Ha CH. LED Lights Promote Growth and Flavonoid Accumulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii and Are Linked to the Enhanced Expression of Several Related Genes. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101344. [PMID: 33053736 PMCID: PMC7599663 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii is a wild edible species and has been traditionally used for a wide range of diseases in many countries. Our research aims to find the optimal light-emitting diode (LED) lighting conditions to improve the growth and development of A. roxburghii seedling at the acclimation stage. Two-month-old explants were cultured under the various lighting conditions including red (R), blue (B), BR (one blue: four red), BRW151 (one blue: five red: one white), BRW142 (one blue: four red: two white), and fluorescent lamp (FL). The results showed that the lighting conditions not only affect the growth and morphology of plants but also the accumulation of total flavonoids. Single wavelengths (B or R LED) inhibited the growth and secondary biosynthesis of A. roxburghii, while the BR LED showed an enhancement in both growth and biomass accumulation. A. roxburghii plants were grown under BR LED light has average plant height (7.18 cm), stem diameter (17.6mm), number of leaves (5.78 leaves/tree), leaf area (4.67 cm2), fresh weight (0.459 g/tree), dry matter percentages (11.69%), and total flavonoid (1.811 mg/g FW) is considered to be superior to FL lamps and other LEDs in the experiment. This indicates that both blue and red wavelengths are required for the normal growth of A. roxburghii. To learn more about how light affects flavonoid biosynthesis, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in this process (pal, chs, chi, and fls) and found that BR LED light enhances the expression level of chi and fls genes compared to fluorescent lamps (1.18 and 1.21 times, respectively), leading to an increase in the flavonoid content of plant. Therefore, applying BR LED during in vitro propagation of A. roxburghii could be a feasible way to improve the medicinal value of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Thi Gam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.T.G.); (P.B.N.); (L.K.L.); (N.K.H.); (N.T.T.H.)
- Center for High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.H.K.); (P.T.L.A.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Phan Hong Khoi
- Center for High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.H.K.); (P.T.L.A.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Pham Bich Ngoc
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.T.G.); (P.B.N.); (L.K.L.); (N.K.H.); (N.T.T.H.)
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ly Khanh Linh
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.T.G.); (P.B.N.); (L.K.L.); (N.K.H.); (N.T.T.H.)
| | - Nguyen Khac Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.T.G.); (P.B.N.); (L.K.L.); (N.K.H.); (N.T.T.H.)
| | - Phan Thi Lan Anh
- Center for High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.H.K.); (P.T.L.A.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu
- Center for High Technology Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.H.K.); (P.T.L.A.); (N.T.T.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Hien
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.T.G.); (P.B.N.); (L.K.L.); (N.K.H.); (N.T.T.H.)
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong, North Tu Liem, Hanoi 123000, Vietnam;
- Center for Agricultural Innovation, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Chu Hoang Ha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.T.G.); (P.B.N.); (L.K.L.); (N.K.H.); (N.T.T.H.)
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 84-9121-75636
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