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Zhu W, Yang L, Long J, Chang Z, Mu Y, Zhou Z, Chen X. Morphology of the Antennal Sensilla of the Nymphal Instars and Adults in Notobitus meleagris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:351. [PMID: 37103166 PMCID: PMC10143563 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The bamboo bug Notobitus meleagris (Fabricius, 1787) is a serious pest of bamboo shoots in China, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Singapore. The antennae of the nymphal instars and adults of N.meleagris are involved in communication among individuals and finding the host plants. In order to understand the morphology of antennal sensilla, their types, and the distribution of sensilla on the antennae of nymphal instars and adults in N. meleagris, we studied the morphology of antennal sensilla with a scanning electron microscope. The antennae of the nymphs and adults comprised the scape, pedicel, and two flagellomeres. Four types and eight subtypes of sensilla were identified in the nymphal instars (sensilla trichodea [St].1, St.2, St.3, sensilla basiconica [Sb].1, Sb.2, sensilla chaetica [Sc].1, Sc.2, sensilla coeloconica [Sco].1), whereas those of the adults had five types and eleven subtypes of sensilla (St.1, St.2, St.3, Sb.1, Sb.2, Sb.3, Sc.1, Sc.2, Sco.1, Sco.2, and sensilla campaniformia [Sca]). There are significant differences in the number, type, and size of the sensilla in different nymphal instars, which increases with the increase in nymphal instars. There was no sexual dimorphism observed in the adult sensilla; however, the length and diameter of St.3, Sb.2, and Sb.3 were sexually dimorphic. The potential functions of each sensillum were discussed based on the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla and were compared with similar published studies. Our results provide primary data for further research on the behavioral mechanism, green prevention, and control of N. meleagris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiankun Long
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhimin Chang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yinlin Mu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangsheng Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zha S, Wang Z, Tian L, Zhao Y, Bai X, Chen Z, Cai W, Li X, Li H. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Antennae and Mouthparts of Mezira yunnana Hsiao (Hemiptera: Aradidae): Specialized Microstructures Reflecting Adaptation to Mycetophagy. INSECTS 2023; 14:333. [PMID: 37103148 PMCID: PMC10145762 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many species of the family Aradidae (also known as flat bugs) feed on fungal mycelia and fruiting bodies. In order to better understand the morphological adaptation to this unique feeding habit, we examined the microstructure of antennae and mouthparts of an aradid species, Mezira yunnana Hsiao, using scanning electron microscope, and documented the fungal feeding process under laboratory conditions. The antennal sensilla include three subtypes of sensilla trichodea, three subtypes of sensilla basiconica, two subtypes of sensilla chaetica, sensilla campaniformia, and sensilla styloconica. The apex of the second segment of flagellum has a large number of various sensilla forming a sensilla cluster. The labial tip is distally constricted, which is rarely observed in other Pentatomomorpha species. The labial sensilla include three subtypes of sensilla trichodea, three subtypes of sensilla basiconica, and a sensilla campaniformia. The tip of the labium has only three pairs of sensilla basiconica III and small comb-shaped cuticular processes. The external surface of the mandibular apex has 8-10 ridge-like central teeth. A series of key morphological structures associated with mycetophagous feeding habit were identified, which will facilitate future studies on adaptive evolution of species in Pentatomomorpha as well as in other heteropteran lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zha
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yisheng Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoshuan Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Taszakowski A, Masłowski A, Daane KM, Brożek J. Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:617. [PMID: 36635483 PMCID: PMC9837090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed description of antennal sensory organs of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) and a comparison with L. zonatus (Dallas, 1852) are presented. A novel approach that combines the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to detail micromorphological structures. A simplified classification system for sensilla that eliminates the subjective aspects of morphology, such as their shape, is proposed. Fourteen sensory organs have been classified into three main groups: (a) aporous sensilla with a flexible socket, (b) porous sensilla with a flexible socket and (c) porous sensilla with an inflexible socket. A large variety of sensory organs (nine types) with olfactory functions are described. The antennal sensory organs have been recognized as one of the factors responsible for the evolutionary success of Leptoglossus spp. and their status as important pests and invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Taszakowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Adrian Masłowski
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kent M. Daane
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 USA
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Taszakowski A, Masłowski A, Brożek J. Labial Sensory Organs of Two Leptoglossus Species (Hemiptera: Coreidae): Their Morphology and Supposed Function. INSECTS 2022; 14:insects14010030. [PMID: 36661958 PMCID: PMC9866960 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A detailed description of the labial sensory organs of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 and L. zonatus (Dallas, 1852) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) is presented. The detailed morphology, location, and distribution of different sensilla types on mouthparts were investigated and shown in micrographs taken with a scanning electron microscope. Nine types of aporous sensilla, and three uniporous sensilla were found. The possible functions of these sensilla as well as similarities and differences between the mouthparts of Leptoglossus and those of other terrestrial Heteroptera are discussed. The tip of the labium constitutes a functional "touch and taste area", combining the chemosensitivity of uniporous sensilla P1-P3 and the mechanoreceptivity of A8 and A9 hair-like sensilla. A set of two cone-like chemosensilla types (9 + 2) was found on each lateral lobe of the labial tip. Literature analysis showed that such a set of cone-like sensory organs on the labial tip may be common in terrestrial Heteroptera. This observation confirms that the number and arrangement of sensilla is conservative and can be important in diagnosing taxa at various levels and in phylogenetic studies based on morphology.
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MALIPATIL MALLIKB, MASŁOWSKI ADRIAN, DOBOSZ ROLAND, TASZAKOWSKI ARTUR. Meschia brevirostris sp. nov., from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Meschiidae). Zootaxa 2022; 5154:333-344. [DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species, Meschia brevirostris sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Meschiidae), is described from New Caledonia. Photographs and SEM micrographs of the male and female habitus, genital structures and selected morphological structures are presented.
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