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Maillot B, Johnson M, Audibert JF, Miomandre F, Brasiliense V. Operando surface optical nanometrology reveals diazonium salts' visible photografting mechanism. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8754-8761. [PMID: 37097707 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High resolution and quantitative surface modification through photografting is a highly desirable strategy towards the preparation of smart surfaces, enabling chemical functions to be precisely located onto specific regions of inert surfaces. Although promising, the mechanisms leading to direct (without the use of any additive) photoactivation of diazonium salts using visible wavelengths are poorly understood, precluding the generalization of popular diazonium-based electrografting strategies into high resolution photografting ones. In this paper, we employ quantitative phase imaging as a nanometrology tool for evaluating the local grafting rate with diffraction-limited resolution and nanometric precision. By carefully measuring the surface modification kinetics under a range of different conditions, we reveal the reaction mechanism while evaluating the influence of key parameters, such as the power density, the radical precursor concentration and the presence of side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Maillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 4 avenue des sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Madelyn Johnson
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 4 avenue des sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jean-Frédéric Audibert
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 4 avenue des sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Fabien Miomandre
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 4 avenue des sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Vitor Brasiliense
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 4 avenue des sciences, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Mu H, Liu C, Zhang Q, Meng H, Yu S, Zeng K, Han J, Jin X, Shi S, Yu P, Li T, Xu J, Hua Y. Magnetic-Driven Hydrogel Microrobots Selectively Enhance Synthetic Lethality in MTAP-Deleted Osteosarcoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:911455. [PMID: 35875497 PMCID: PMC9299081 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.911455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drugs based on synthetic lethality have advantages such as inhibiting tumor growth and affecting normal tissue in vivo. However, specific targets for osteosarcoma have not been acknowledged yet. In this study, a non-targeted but controllable drug delivery system has been applied to selectively enhance synthetic lethality in osteosarcoma in vitro, using the magnetic-driven hydrogel microrobots. Methods: In this study, EPZ015666, a PRMT5 inhibitor, was selected as the synthetic lethality drug. Then, the drug was carried by hydrogel microrobots containing Fe3O4. Morphological characteristics of the microrobots were detected using electron microscopy. In vitro drug effect was detected by the CCK-8 assay kit, Western blotting, etc. Swimming of microrobots was observed by a timing microscope. Selective inhibition was verified by cultured tumors in an increasing magnetic field. Results: Genomic mutation of MTAP deletion occurred commonly in pan-cancer in the TCGA database (nearly 10.00%) and in osteosarcoma in the TARGET database (23.86%). HOS and its derivatives, 143B and HOS/MNNG, were detected by MTAP deletion according to the CCLE database and RT-PCR. EPZ015666, the PRMT5 inhibitor, could reduce the SDMA modification and inhibition of tumor growth of 143B and HOS/MNNG. The hydrogel microrobot drug delivery system was synthesized, and the drug was stained by rhodamine. The microrobots were powered actively by a magnetic field. A simulation of the selected inhibition of microrobots was performed and lower cell viability of tumor cells was detected by adding a high dose of microrobots. Conclusion: Our magnetic-driven drug delivery system could carry synthetic lethality drugs. Meanwhile, the selective inhibition of this system could be easily controlled by programming the strength of the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanliang Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmeng Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
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