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Chen JS, Hussain B, Tsai HC, Nagarajan V, Kumar RS, Lin IC, Hsu BM. Deciphering microbial communities and their unique metabolic repertoire across rock-soil-plant continuum in the Dayoukeng fumarolic geothermal field of the Tatun Volcano Group. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7330-7344. [PMID: 38158533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
High temperature and sulfur concentrations in geothermal sulfur fumaroles host unique microbial ecosystems with niche-specific metabolic diversity and physiological functions. In this study, the microbial communities and their functionalities associated with the Dayoukeng geothermal field and the rock-soil-plant continuum were investigated to underpin the microbial modulation at different distances from the fumaroles source. At the phylum level, Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, Armatimonadota, and Patescibacteria were abundant in plant samples; Elusimicrobiota and Desulfobacterota were in the rock samples while Nitrospirota, Micrarchaeota, and Deinococcota were dominant in the soil samples. Acidophilic thermophiles were enriched in samples within close proximity to the fumaroles, primarily at a distance of 1 m. The sulfur and iron-oxidizing acidophilic bacterial genera such as Acidothiobacillus and Sulfobacillus were abundant in the rock samples. The thermoacidophilic archaeon Acidianus and acidophilic bacteria Acidiphilium were abundant in the soil samples. Additionally, Thermosporothrix and Acidothermus were found abundant in the plant samples. The results of the functional annotation indicated that dark sulfur oxidation, iron oxidation, and hydrogen oxidation pathways were abundant in the soil samples up to 1 m from the fumaroles, while methanogenic and fermentation pathways were more prevalent in the soil samples located 10 m from the fumaroles. Interestingly, the results of this study indicated a higher microbial richness and abundance of acidophilic communities in the soils and plants compared to the rocks of the DYK fumarolic geothermal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bashir Hussain
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Chiayi County, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chi Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Viji Nagarajan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Rajendran Senthil Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure, Chienkuo Technology University, Chenghua, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong, Chiayi County, Taiwan.
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Chan HP, Chan YC, Sun CW. Thermal pattern of Tatun volcanic system by satellite-observed temperatures and its correlation with earthquake magnitudes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19568. [PMID: 37950026 PMCID: PMC10638264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The land surface temperature (LST) of volcanoes detected from satellite sensors reflects the thermal status of heat sources in the subsurface. Volcanic earthquakes occur as magma and volcanic fluids transport to the surface from depth. Thus, both LST and earthquake magnitude are key parameters to the study of active volcanoes. Here we investigate the volcanic status of Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) based on LST and seismic observations. The Earth-observing satellites onboard thermal sensor derived land surface temperature, and the seismic records retrieved volcanic earthquake magnitude are used to delineate the past and current pattern of volcanic activity plus the future trend of the TVG. The spatiotemporal distribution of LST and volcanic earthquake magnitude in TVG are analyzed. The high-similarity trends of the 4-decade LST time series and 3-decade earthquake magnitude time series are inspected. The retrieved surface thermal pattern shows the non-steady-state nature of the subsurface thermal sources at this volcanic complex. The LST trend exhibits a rather positive correlation with the energy released from volcanic earthquakes and consequently, the presumption on the connection between LSTs and earthquakes is validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Po Chan
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chang Chan
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Sun
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mani L, Tzachor A, Cole P. Global catastrophic risk from lower magnitude volcanic eruptions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4756. [PMID: 34362902 PMCID: PMC8346556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Globalisation supports the clustering of critical infrastructure systems, sometimes in proximity to lower-magnitude (VEI 3–6) volcanic centres. In this emerging risk landscape, moderate volcanic eruptions might have cascading, catastrophic effects. Risk assessments ought to be considered in this light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Mani
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Asaf Tzachor
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Sustainability, The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Paul Cole
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Yeh HF, Hsu HH. Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems Beneath Tayukeng through Long-Term Geochemical Signals of Hydrothermal Fluids in Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147411. [PMID: 34299860 PMCID: PMC8303797 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Tatun Volcano Group (TVG) is located in northern Taiwan and consists of many springs and fumaroles. The Tayukeng (TYK) area is the most active fumarole site in the TVG. In this study, we analyzed the long-term geochemical variations of hydrothermal fluids and proposed a mechanism responsible for the variation in TYK. There are two different aquifers beneath the TYK area: a shallow SO42--rich aquifer and a deeper aquifer rich in Cl-. TYK thermal water was mainly supplied by the shallow SO42--rich aquifer; therefore, the thermal water showed high SO42- concentrations. After 2015, the inflow of deep thermal water increased, causing the Cl- concentrations of the TYK to increase. Notably, the inferred reservoir temperatures based on quartz geothermometry increased; however, the surface temperature of the spring decreased. We inferred that the enthalpy was lost during transportation to the surface. Therefore, the surface temperature of the spring does not increase with an increased inflow of deep hydrothermal fluid. The results can serve as a reference for understanding the complex evolution of the magma-hydrothermal system in the TVG.
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Huang HH, Wu ES, Lin CH, Ko JYT, Shih MH, Koulakov I. Unveiling Tatun volcanic plumbing structure induced by post-collisional extension of Taiwan mountain belt. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5286. [PMID: 33674656 PMCID: PMC7970878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) is proximal to the metropolis of Taipei City (population of ca. 7 million) and has long been a major concern due to the potential risks from volcanic activity to the population and critical infrastructure. While the TVG has been previously considered a dormant or extinct volcano, recent evidence suggests a much younger age of the last eruption event (~ 6000 years) and possible existence of a magma reservoir beneath the TVG. However, the location, dimension, and detailed geometry of the magma reservoir and plumbing system remains largely unknown. To examine the TVG volcanic plumbing structure in detail, the local P-wave travel time data and the teleseismic waveform data from a new island-wide Formosa Array Project are combined for a 3D tomographic joint inversion. The new model reveals a magma reservoir with a notable P-wave velocity reduction of 19% (ca. ~ 19% melt fraction) at 8-20 km beneath eastern TVG and with possible northward extension to a shallower depth near where active submarine volcanoes that have been detected. Enhanced tomographic images also reveal sporadic magmatic intrusion/underplating in the lower crust of Husehshan Range and northern Taiwan. These findings suggest an active volcanic plumbing system induced by post-collisional extension associated with the collapse of the orogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Huang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - E-S Wu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Lin
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J Y-T Ko
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-H Shih
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Koulakov
- Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
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Lin CH, Shih MH, Lai YC. Mantle wedge diapirs detected by a dense seismic array in Northern Taiwan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1561. [PMID: 33452469 PMCID: PMC7810894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is conventionally believed that magma generation beneath the volcanic arc is triggered by the infiltration of fluids or melts derived from the subducted slab. However, recently geochemical analyses argue the arc magma may be formed by mélange diapirs that are physically mixed by sediment, altered oceanic crust, fluids, and mantle above the subducted slab. Further numerical modeling predicts that the mantle wedge diapirs have significant seismic velocity anomalies, even though these have not been observed yet. Here we show that unambiguously later P-waves scattered from some obstacles in the mantle wedge are well recorded at a dense seismic array (Formosa Array) in northern Taiwan. It is the first detection of seismic scattering obstacles in the mantle wedge. Although the exact shape and size of the scattered obstacles are not well constrained by the arrival-times of the later P-waves, the first order approximation of several spheres with radius of ~ 1 km provides a plausible interpretation. Since these obstacles were located just beneath the magma reservoirs around depths between 60 and 95 km, we conclude they may be mantle wedge diapirs that are likely associated with magma generation beneath active volcanoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Horng Lin
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, PO Box 1-55, Taipei, Taiwan. .,National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taiwan Volcano Observatory at Tatun, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Hung Shih
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, PO Box 1-55, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Volcano Observatory at Tatun, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Lai
- National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Volcano Observatory at Tatun, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dense seismic arrays deny a massive magma chamber beneath the Taipei metropolis, Taiwan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1083. [PMID: 33441717 PMCID: PMC7806728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies suggest that the Tatun Volcano Group (TVG) in the Taipei metropolis of Taiwan is still active with a mappable magma chamber beneath it. Here we report new seismic evidence from dense seismic arrays in northern Taiwan to refute the presence of a massive magma chamber. We investigated two near Taipei earthquakes with focal depths of ~ 140 km. We found that all the waveforms exhibited distinct S waves even when they traversed across the previously postulated magma chamber. Instead, the S-wave shadows found in the previous study may result from seismic waves traveling through a magma diapir above the subducting Philippine Sea Plate offshore northern Taiwan. Moreover, we found the P-wave delay increased with hypocentral distance when the seismic waves propagated through the footwall (west side) of the Shanchiao fault, regardless of whether they traversed across the postulated magma chamber. Our study results also indicate no abnormal attenuation when seismic rays traversed across the postulated magma chamber. Furthermore, the average [Formula: see text] ratio around the TVG is less than 1, which implies that scattering attenuation is dominant. We conclude that a highly fractured rock body is beneath the TVG with a tiny fraction of magma instead of a massive magma chamber. Without sufficient magma supply, the TVG may stay dormant (except for small phreatic eruptions).
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