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Chen Q, Abudukeremu A, Li K, Zheng M, Li H, Huang T, Huang C, Wen K, Wang Y, Zhang Y. High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses and Their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7856. [PMID: 39063097 PMCID: PMC11277419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial. HDL-C is one content type of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL consists of diverse proteins and lipids and can be classified into different subclasses based on size, shape, charge, and density, and can change dynamically in disease states. Therefore, HDL-C levels alone cannot represent HDLs' cardioprotective role. In this review, we summarized the methods for separating HDL subclasses, the studies on the association between HDL subclasses and cardiovascular risk (CVR), and the impact of lipid-modifying medications and nonpharmacological approaches (exercise training, dietary omega fatty acids, and low-density lipoprotein apheresis) on HDL subclasses. As HDL is a natural nanoplatform, recombinant HDLs (rHDLs) have been used as a delivery system in vivo by loading small interfering RNA, drugs, contrast agents, etc. Therefore, we further reviewed the HDL subclasses used in rHDLs and their advantages and disadvantages. This review would provide recommendations and guidance for future studies on HDL subclasses' cardioprotective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Ayiguli Abudukeremu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China;
| | - Minglong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tongsheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Canxia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kexin Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510080, China
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2
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Pandey A, Patel KV, Segar MW, Shapiro MD, Ballantyne CM, Virani SS, Nambi V, Michos ED, Blaha MJ, Nasir K, Cainzos-Achirica M, Ayers CR, Westenbrink BD, Flores-Guerrero JL, Bakker SJL, Connelly MA, Dullaart RPF, Rohatgi A. Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Parameters and Risk of Heart Failure: A Multicohort Analysis. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:1242-1253. [PMID: 38752934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is commonly characterized by its cholesterol concentration (HDL-C) and inverse association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to evaluate the association of HDL particle concentration (HDL-P), HDL particle size (HDL-size), HDL-C, and cholesterol content per particle (HDL-C/HDL-P) with risk of overall heart failure (HF) and subtypes. METHODS Participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Dallas Heart Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease studies without HF history were included. Associations of HDL-P, HDL-size, HDL-C, and HDL-C/HDL-P with risk of overall HF, HF with reduced and preserved ejection fraction were assessed using adjusted Cox models. RESULTS Among 16,925 participants (53.5% women; 21.8% Black), there were 612 incident HF events (3.6%) (HF with reduced ejection fraction, 309 [50.5%]; HF preserved ejection fraction, 303 [49.5%]) over median follow-up of 11.4 years. In adjusted models, higher HDL-P was significantly associated with lower HF risk (HR of highest vs lowest tertile of HDL-P: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.62-0.93]). Larger HDL-size was significantly associated with higher overall HF risk (HR of largest vs smallest tertile of HDL-size: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.03-1.58]). HF risk associated with HDL-P and HDL-size was similar for HF subtypes. In adjusted analyses, there was no significant association between HDL-C and HF risk. Higher HDL-C/HDL-P was significantly associated with higher overall HF risk (HR of highest vs lowest tertile of HDL-C/HDL-P: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.04-1.60]). CONCLUSIONS Higher HDL-P was associated with a lower risk of HF. In contrast, larger HDL-size was associated with higher risk of HF and there was no significant association observed between HDL-C and HF risk after accounting for cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambarish Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Kershaw V Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew W Segar
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Office of the Vice Provost (Research), The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Hospital del Mar and Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Colby R Ayers
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jose L Flores-Guerrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Liao KP, Rist P, Giles J, Santacroce L, Connelly MA, Glynn RJ, Ridker P, Tawakol A, Bathon J, Solomon DH. Impact of RA treatment strategies on lipids and vascular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: a secondary analysis of the TARGET randomized active comparator trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:123. [PMID: 38915065 PMCID: PMC11194931 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with complex changes in lipids and lipoproteins that may impact cardiovascular (CV) risk. The objective of this study was to examine lipid and lipoprotein changes associated with two common RA treatment strategies, triple therapy or tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi), and association with CV risk. METHODS In this secondary data analysis of the TARGET trial, methotrexate (MTX) inadequate responders with RA were randomized to either add sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine (triple therapy), or TNFi for 24-weeks. The primary trial outcome was the change in arterial inflammation measured in the carotid arteries or aorta by FDG-PET/CT at baseline and 24-weeks; this change was described as the target-to-background ratio (TBR) in the most diseased segment (MDS). Routine lipids and advanced lipoproteins were measured at baseline and 24-weeks; subjects on statin therapy at baseline were excluded. Comparisons between baseline and follow-up lipid measurements were performed within and across treatment arms, as well as change in lipids and change in MDS-TBR. RESULTS We studied 122 participants, 61 in each treatment arm, with median age 57 years, 76% female, and 1.5 year median RA disease duration. When comparing treatment arms, triple therapy had on average a larger reduction in triglycerides (15.9 mg/dL, p = 0.01), total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (0.29, p-value = 0.01), and LDL particle number (111.2, p = 0.02) compared to TNFi. TNFi had on average a larger increase in HDL particle number (1.6umol/L, p = 0.006). We observed no correlation between change in lipid measurements and change in MDS-TBR within and across treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS Both treatment strategies were associated with improved lipid profiles via changes in different lipids and lipoproteins. These effects had no correlation with change in CV risk as measured by vascular inflammation by FDG-PET/CT. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02374021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Liao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pamela Rist
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leah Santacroce
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Robert J Glynn
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Ridker
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan Bathon
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Solomon
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Karady J, McGarrah RW, Nguyen M, Giamberardino SN, Meyersohn N, Lu MT, Staziaki PV, Puchner SB, Bittner DO, Foldyna B, Mayrhofer T, Connelly MA, Tchernof A, White PJ, Nasir K, Corey K, Voora D, Pagidipati N, Ginsburg GS, Kraus WE, Hoffmann U, Douglas PS, Shah SH, Ferencik M. Lipoprotein subclasses are associated with Hepatic steatosis: insights from the prospective multicenter imaging study for the evaluation of chest pain (PROMISE) clinical trial. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 18:100680. [PMID: 38764778 PMCID: PMC11101949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the relationship between lipoprotein particle size/number with hepatic steatosis (HS), given its association with traditional lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis. Methods Individuals with available CT data and blood samples enrolled in the PROMISE trial were studied. HS was defined based on CT attenuation. Lipoprotein particle size/number were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction. The association of PCA factors and individual lipoprotein particle size/number with HS were assessed in multivariable regression models. Associations were validated in an independent cohort of 59 individuals with histopathology defined HS. Results Individuals with HS (n=410/1,509) vs those without (n=1,099/1,509), were younger (59±8 vs 61±8 years) and less often females (47.6 % vs 55.9 %). All PCA factors were associated with HS: factor 1 (OR:1.36, 95 %CI:1.21-1.53), factor 3 (OR:1.75, 95 %CI:1.53-2.02) and factor 4 (OR:1.49; 95 %CI:1.32-1.68) were weighted heavily with small low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride-rich (TRL) particles, while factor 2 (OR:0.86, 95 %CI:0.77-0.97) and factor 5 (OR:0.74, 95 %CI:0.65-0.84) were heavily loaded with high density lipoprotein (HDL) and larger LDL particles. These observations were confirmed with the analysis of individual lipoprotein particles in PROMISE. In the validation cohort, association between HS and large TRL (OR: 8.16, 95 %CI:1.82-61.98), and mean sizes of TRL- (OR: 2.82, 95 %CI:1.14-9.29) and HDL (OR:0.35, 95 %CI:0.13-0.72) were confirmed. Conclusions Large TRL, mean sizes of TRL-, and HDL were associated with radiographic and histopathologic HS. The use of lipoprotein particle size/number could improve cardiovascular risk assessment in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karady
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maggie Nguyen
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Nandini Meyersohn
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Lu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Pedro V Staziaki
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Robert Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stefan B Puchner
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel O Bittner
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Borek Foldyna
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Mayrhofer
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
- School of Business Studies, Stralsund University of Applied Sciences, Stralsund, Germany
| | | | - Andre Tchernof
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Canada
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Corey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Voora
- Duke Precision Medicine Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Neha Pagidipati
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, MD Innovative Imaging, Bethesda, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Harvard Medical School - Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
- Consulting LLC, Waltham, MA, USA
- Cleerly Inc., Denver, CO, USA
| | - Pamela S Douglas
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svati H Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maros Ferencik
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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McDonald CM, Reid EK, Pohl JF, Yuzyuk TK, Padula LM, Vavrina K, Altman K. Cystic fibrosis and fat malabsorption: Pathophysiology of the cystic fibrosis gastrointestinal tract and the impact of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39 Suppl 1:S57-S77. [PMID: 38429959 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, genetic, multi-organ disease affecting the respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and reproductive systems. CF can affect any aspect of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. GI pathophysiology associated with CF results from CF membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. The majority of people with CF (pwCF) experience exocrine pancreatic insufficiency resulting in malabsorption of nutrients and malnutrition. Additionally, other factors can cause or worsen fat malabsorption, including the potential for short gut syndrome with a history of meconium ileus, hepatobiliary diseases, and disrupted intraluminal factors, such as inadequate bile salts, abnormal pH, intestinal microbiome changes, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Signs and symptoms associated with fat malabsorption, such as abdominal pain, bloating, malodorous flatus, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea, anorexia, steatorrhea, constipation, and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, are seen in pwCF despite the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Given the association of poor nutrition status with lung function decline and increased mortality, aggressive nutrition support is essential in CF care to optimize growth in children and to achieve and maintain a healthy body mass index in adults. The introduction of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy and other advances in CF care have profoundly changed the course of CF management. However, GI symptoms in some pwCF may persist. The use of current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the CF GI tract as well as appropriate, individualized management of GI symptoms continue to be integral components of care for pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth K Reid
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F Pohl
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tatiana K Yuzyuk
- Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- ARUP Institute for Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura M Padula
- Pediatric Specialty, University Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kay Vavrina
- Pediatric Specialty, University Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly Altman
- Gunnar Esiason Adult Cystic Fibrosis and Lung Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Candás-Estébanez B, Fernández-Cidón B, Corbella E, Tebé C, Fanlo-Maresma M, Esteve-Luque V, Salas-Salvadó J, Fitó M, Riera-Mestre A, Ros E, Pintó X. The Impact of the Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Intervention on Lipoprotein Subclass Profiles among Metabolic Syndrome Patients: Findings of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1338. [PMID: 38279337 PMCID: PMC10817060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with alterations of lipoprotein structure and function that can be characterized with advanced lipoprotein testing (ADLT). The effect of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and weight loss on the lipoprotein subclass profile has been scarcely studied. Within the PREDIMED-Plus randomized controlled trial, a sub-study conducted at Bellvitge Hospital recruiting center evaluated the effects of a weight loss program based on an energy-reduced MedDiet (er-MedDiet) and physical activity (PA) promotion (intervention group) compared with energy-unrestricted MedDiet recommendations (control group) on ADLT-assessed lipoprotein subclasses. 202 patients with MetS (n = 107, intervention; n = 95, control) were included. Lipid profiles were determined, and ADLT was performed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of intervention on lipoprotein profiles. Compared to the control diet, at 12 months, the er-MedDiet+PA resulted in a significant additional 4.2 kg of body weight loss, a decrease in body mass index by 1.4 kg/m2, reduction in waist circumference by 2.2 cm, decreased triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol, and increased HDL-cholesterol. In er-MedDiet+PA participants, ADLT revealed a decrease in small dense-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C), intermediate-density lipoproteins, VLDL-triglyceride, and HDL-Triglyceride, and an increase in large LDL and large VLDL particles. In conclusion, compared to an ad libitum MedDiet (control group), er-MedDiet+PA decreased plasma triglycerides and the triglyceride content in HDL and VLDL particles, decreased sd-LDL-C, and increased large LDL particles, indicating beneficial changes against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Candás-Estébanez
- Clinical Laboratory, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (B.C.-E.); (B.F.-C.)
- Clinical Laboratory, SCIAS-Barcelona Hospital, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Fernández-Cidón
- Clinical Laboratory, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (B.C.-E.); (B.F.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emili Corbella
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (E.C.); (M.F.-M.); (V.E.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research in Obesity and Nutrition Physiopathology Network (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Cristian Tebé
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Marta Fanlo-Maresma
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (E.C.); (M.F.-M.); (V.E.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research in Obesity and Nutrition Physiopathology Network (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Virginia Esteve-Luque
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (E.C.); (M.F.-M.); (V.E.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research in Obesity and Nutrition Physiopathology Network (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Center for Biomedical Research in Obesity and Nutrition Physiopathology Network (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University Human, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), San Joan de Reus University Hospital, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Center for Biomedical Research in Obesity and Nutrition Physiopathology Network (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera-Mestre
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (E.C.); (M.F.-M.); (V.E.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, Barcelona University, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Center for Biomedical Research in Obesity and Nutrition Physiopathology Network (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (E.C.); (M.F.-M.); (V.E.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research in Obesity and Nutrition Physiopathology Network (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (M.F.); (E.R.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Bellvitge Campus, Barcelona University, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Yuzyuk T, McDonald CM, Zuromski LM, De Biase I, Johnson L, Williams N, Meihls S, Asfour F. Improvement of lipid and lipoprotein profiles in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis on CFTR modulator therapy. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1027-1035. [PMID: 37453889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of a high-fat diet with increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, has prompted evaluation of lipids in people with CF (pwCF). However, most evidence on dyslipidemia was published before CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators became a standard of care. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of CFTR modulator therapies on lipid and lipoprotein profiles in children and adolescents with CF. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 153 pwCF (10.1 ± 4.7 years of age) and 60 age-matched controls. Most pwCF were pancreatic insufficient on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. By the end of the study, 65% of CF participants were on CFTR modulator therapy for >1 month. The results of traditional and advanced lipid testing in pwCF were correlated with clinical and dietary information. RESULTS Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly lower in pwCF compared to non-CF participants. Those not receiving CFTR modulators also had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL particle number than controls. Individuals with CF on modulator therapy had significantly higher concentrations of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol and HDL particles along with lower levels of atherogenic large very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, total and small LDL particles, and triglycerides compared to those without CFTR modulator therapy. CONCLUSION CFTR modulator therapy has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia in CF. It remains to be seen if these positive changes translate into decreased CVD risk later in life given the increasing life expectancy in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yuzyuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Institute of Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | | - Lauren M Zuromski
- ARUP Institute of Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Irene De Biase
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Institute of Clinical & Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Nicole Williams
- Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Suzanne Meihls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Fadi Asfour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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8
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Ahsan L, Zheng WQ, Kaur G, Kadakuntla A, Remaley AT, Sampson M, Feustel P, Nappi A, Mookherjee S, Lyubarova R. Association of Lipoprotein Subfractions With Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Referred for Coronary Angiography. Am J Cardiol 2023; 203:212-218. [PMID: 37499601 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein subfractions (LS) can be used for better risk stratification in subjects deemed not at high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we evaluated the correlation between LS with CAD presence and severity. This is a prospective case-control study of 157 patients referred for coronary angiography who were not on lipid-lowering therapy and had LS measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) scores were calculated to estimate CAD severity. Univariate and multivariable regression analysis was performed to determine correlation of LS with CAD presence and severity and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). There was significant association of certain LS (positive for total low-density lipoprotein particle [LDL-P], small LDL-P and apolipoprotein B, negative for large high-density lipoprotein particle [HDL-P] and apolipoprotein A1 [ApoA1]) with the presence of obstructive CAD and CAD severity. Small LDL-P and HDL-P were still predictive for obstructive CAD after adjusting for traditional risk factors, 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score and in those with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/100 ml. Total LDL-P and ApoA1 were predictive of CAD severity on multivariable analysis. Higher small LDL-P and lower large HDL-P were associated with ACS presence, although only large HDL-P had a significant inverse correlation with ACS on adjusted analysis (odds ratio 0.74 95% confidence interval 0.58, 0.95) In conclusion, in our cohort of patients referred for coronary angiography, total LDL-P, small LDL-P, and apolipoprotein B had significant direct correlation, and large HDL-P and ApoA1 had significant inverse correlation with obstructive CAD and CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusana Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Wen Qian Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maureen Sampson
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Feustel
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Anthony Nappi
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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9
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Jud P, Hafner F, Meinitzer A, Brodmann M, Dejaco C, Silbernagel G. Cardiovascular diseases and their associations with lipid parameters and endothelial dysfunction in giant cell arteritis. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003481. [PMID: 37657846 PMCID: PMC10476128 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, prevalence and development of cardiovascular diseases in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). METHODS 138 GCA patients and 100 controls were evaluated for prevalent cardiovascular diseases in 2012. Cholesterol, lipoproteins and triglycerides, intima-media thickness, arterial stiffness, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine were also measured in 2012. Cardiovascular events, mortality and relapse were retrieved by chart review in 2020. RESULTS Prevalent carotid and vertebral artery disease was higher in GCA patients than in controls (p<0.001). GCA patients had higher levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A1 and B, and augmentation index (all with p<0.05). Target LDL levels were less frequently achieved at study inclusion by GCA patients (p=0.001), who developed more frequently new cardiovascular events, also with a higher amount, during follow-up (all with p<0.001). Statin treatment in GCA patients was associated with lower levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, monocytes and C reactive protein (all with p<0.05). Relapse was independently associated with higher risk of future cardiovascular events (OR 5.01 (95% CI 1.55 to 16.22), p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS GCA patients are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Of relevance, there was underuse of statins and a large proportion of these patients showed LDL cholesterol concentrations above the treatment targets for high-risk patients. These data underscore the need for improvement of preventive strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in GCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jud
- Internal Medicine, Medizinische Universitat Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Hafner
- Internal Medicine, Medizinische Universitat Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medizinische Universitat Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Christian Dejaco
- Rheumatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy
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10
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HDL Function and Size in Patients with On-Target LDL Plasma Levels and a First-Onset ACS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065391. [PMID: 36982465 PMCID: PMC10048810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) usually have high cardiovascular risk scores with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Here, we investigated the role of lipoprotein functionality as well as particle number and size in patients with a first-onset ACS with on-target LDL-C levels. Ninety-seven patients with chest pain and first-onset ACS with LDL-C levels of 100 ± 4 mg/dL and non-HDL-C levels of 128 ± 4.0 mg/dL were included in the study. Patients were categorized as ACS and non-ACS after all diagnostic tests were performed (electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, troponin levels and angiography) on admission. HDL-C and LDL-C functionality and particle number/size by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were blindly investigated. A group of matched healthy volunteers (n = 31) was included as a reference for these novel laboratory variables. LDL susceptibility to oxidation was higher and HDL-antioxidant capacity lower in the ACS patients than in the non-ACS individuals. ACS patients had lower HDL-C and Apolipoprotein A-I levels than non-ACS patients despite the same prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors. Cholesterol efflux potential was impaired only in the ACS patients. ACS-STEMI (Acute Coronary Syndrome—ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction) patients, had a larger HDL particle diameter than non-ACS individuals (8.4 ± 0.02 vs. 8.3 ± 0.02 and, ANOVA test, p = 0.004). In conclusion, patients admitted for chest pain with a first-onset ACS and on-target lipid levels had impaired lipoprotein functionality and NMR measured larger HDL particles. This study shows the relevance of HDL functionality rather than HDL-C concentration in ACS patients.
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11
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Denimal D, Monier S, Bouillet B, Vergès B, Duvillard L. High-Density Lipoprotein Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020253. [PMID: 36837872 PMCID: PMC9967905 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations affecting high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are one of the various abnormalities observed in dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Kinetic studies have demonstrated that the catabolism of HDL particles is accelerated. Both the size and the lipidome and proteome of HDL particles are significantly modified, which likely contributes to some of the functional defects of HDLs. Studies on cholesterol efflux capacity have yielded heterogeneous results, ranging from a defect to an improvement. Several studies indicate that HDLs are less able to inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proinflammatory pathway, and subsequently, the adhesion of monocytes on endothelium and their recruitment into the subendothelial space. In addition, the antioxidative function of HDL particles is diminished, thus facilitating the deleterious effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins on vasculature. Lastly, the HDL-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is less effective in T2DM and metabolic syndrome, contributing to several HDL functional defects, such as an impaired capacity to promote vasodilatation and endothelium repair, and difficulty counteracting the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Serge Monier
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
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12
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Kumar S, Maniya N, Wang C, Senapati S, Chang HC. Quantifying PON1 on HDL with nanoparticle-gated electrokinetic membrane sensor for accurate cardiovascular risk assessment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:557. [PMID: 36732521 PMCID: PMC9895453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease-related deaths (one-third of global deaths) can be reduced with a simple screening test for better biomarkers than the current lipid and lipoprotein profiles. We propose using a highly atheroprotective subset of HDL with colocalized PON1 (PON1-HDL) for superior cardiovascular risk assessment. However, direct quantification of HDL proteomic subclasses are complicated by the peroxides/antioxidants associated with HDL interfering with redox reactions in enzymatic calorimetric and electrochemical immunoassays. Hence, we developed an enzyme-free Nanoparticle-Gated Electrokinetic Membrane Sensor (NGEMS) platform for quantification of PON1-HDL in plasma within 60 min, with a sub-picomolar limit of detection, 3-4 log dynamic range and without needing sample pretreatment or individual-sample calibration. Using NGEMS, we report our study on human plasma PON1-HDL as a cardiovascular risk marker with AUC~0.99 significantly outperforming others (AUC~0.6-0.8), including cholesterol/triglycerides tests. Validation for a larger cohort can establish PON1-HDL as a biomarker that can potentially reshape cardiovascular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Nalin Maniya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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13
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Teis A, Castelblanco E, Cediel G, Amigó N, Julve J, Ribalta J, Guardiola M, Franch J, Bermúdez-López M, Codina P, Lupón J, Mauricio D, Alonso N, Bayés-Genís A. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy lipoprotein profile in patients with chronic heart failure versus matched controls. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 75:864-873. [PMID: 34716123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Advanced lipoprotein phenotyping is a better predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk than cholesterol concentration alone. Lipoprotein profiling in heart failure (HF) is incompletely characterized. We aimed to describe the lipoprotein profile in patients with chronic HF compared with a matched control population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed from May 2006 to April 2014 and included ambulatory patients with chronic HF. Lipid concentrations and the size of main lipoprotein fractions (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and very low-density lipoprotein) and the particle concentration of their 3 subfractions (large, medium and small) were assessed using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS The 429 included patients with chronic HF were compared with 428 matched controls. Patients with chronic HF had lower total cholesterol and lower mean LDL (1115 vs 1352 nmol/L; P<.001) and HDL (25.7 vs 27.9μmol/L; P <.001) particle concentrations, with this last difference being mediated by a significantly lower concentration of the small subfraction of HDL (15.2 vs 18.6μmol/L; P <.001). Mean very low-density lipoprotein, LDL, and HDL particle size was significantly higher in patients with HF vs controls. All HDL-related differences from controls persisted after adjustment for New York Heart Association functional class or body mass index. We found strong negative correlations of known cardiac biomarkers (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin-1 receptor-like 1) with total and small LDL and HDL fractions and HDL particle size. CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic HF significantly differ in their lipoprotein profile compared with unaffected controls. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenic relevance of this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Teis
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Institut de Recerca i d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Germán Cediel
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut del Cor, Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardiaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Biosfer Teslab SL, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Institut de Recerca i d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Aterosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montse Guardiola
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Aterosclerosi, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez-López
- Grupo Investigación Translacional Vascular y Renal, IRBLleida, Red de Investigación Renal (RedInRen-ISCIII), Lleida, Spain
| | - Pau Codina
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut del Cor, Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardiaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lupón
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut del Cor, Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardiaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Institut de Recerca i d'Investigació Biomèdica de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida Dr. Pifarré (IRB Lleida), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Departament d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- Institut del Cor, Departament de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
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14
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Jia F, Fei SF, Tong DB, Xue C, Li JJ. Sex difference in circulating PCSK9 and its clinical implications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:953845. [PMID: 36160427 PMCID: PMC9490038 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a proprotein convertase that increases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by triggering the degradation of LDL receptors (LDLRs). Beyond the regulation of circulating LDL-C, PCSK9 also has direct atherosclerotic effects on the vascular wall and is associated with coronary plaque inflammation. Interestingly, emerging data show that women have higher circulating PCSK9 concentrations than men, suggesting that the potential roles of PCSK9 may have different impacts according to sex. In this review, we summarize the studies concerning sex difference in circulating levels of PCSK9. In addition, we report on the sex differences in the relations of elevated circulating PCSK9 levels to the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and neurological damage after cardiac arrest and liver injury, as well as inflammatory biomarkers and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, sex difference in the clinical efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors application are reviewed. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of sex difference in circulating PCSK9 concentrations and the clinical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Si-Fan Fei
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - De-Bing Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cong Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cong Xue, ; Jian-Jun Li,
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Cong Xue, ; Jian-Jun Li,
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15
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Cell-penetrating peptides enhance peptide vaccine accumulation and persistence in lymph nodes to drive immunogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204078119. [PMID: 35914154 PMCID: PMC9371699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204078119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based cancer vaccines are widely investigated in the clinic but exhibit modest immunogenicity. One approach that has been explored to enhance peptide vaccine potency is covalent conjugation of antigens with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), linear cationic and amphiphilic peptide sequences designed to promote intracellular delivery of associated cargos. Antigen-CPPs have been reported to exhibit enhanced immunogenicity compared to free peptides, but their mechanisms of action in vivo are poorly understood. We tested eight previously described CPPs conjugated to antigens from multiple syngeneic murine tumor models and found that linkage to CPPs enhanced peptide vaccine potency in vivo by as much as 25-fold. Linkage of antigens to CPPs did not impact dendritic cell activation but did promote uptake of linked antigens by dendritic cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, T cell priming in vivo required Batf3-dependent dendritic cells, suggesting that antigens delivered by CPP peptides were predominantly presented via the process of cross-presentation and not through CPP-mediated cytosolic delivery of peptide to the classical MHC class I antigen processing pathway. Unexpectedly, we observed that many CPPs significantly enhanced antigen accumulation in draining lymph nodes. This effect was associated with the ability of CPPs to bind to lymph-trafficking lipoproteins and protection of CPP-antigens from proteolytic degradation in serum. These two effects resulted in prolonged presentation of CPP-peptides in draining lymph nodes, leading to robust T cell priming and expansion. Thus, CPPs can act through multiple unappreciated mechanisms to enhance T cell priming that can be exploited for cancer vaccines with enhanced potency.
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16
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Association of lipid profile with obesity among breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:66. [PMID: 35918691 PMCID: PMC9344652 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of lipid metabolism in obesity and cancer manifestations cannot be underestimated, but whether alterations in lipid metabolism can manipulate the vasculature to promote obesity among breast cancer (BC) survivors is yet to be clearly understood. This study quantified plasma lipid and particle sizes using high-throughput proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and tested their associations with obesity among breast cancer (BC) survivors. Methods A total of 348 (225 premenopausal and 123 postmenopausal) BC survivors enrolled from five hospitals in Korea were included. We assessed thirty-four plasma lipid biomarkers using 1H NMR, and obesity status was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater. Generalized linear and logistic regression models were applied to estimate the least-square means of BMI (kg/m2) and odds ratio (OR)s of obesity, respectively, and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI)s across plasma lipid levels. Results Mean (SD) values of BMI was 23.3 (3.2) kg/m2 and 90 (25.9%) had BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2. BMI levels increased with increasing total triglycerides (TG), TG in lipoproteins and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfractions. However, BMI levels decreased with increasing tertiles of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C) and HDL particle size (HDL-p). Similar associations were observed in the logistic regression models. The increasing and decreasing BMI trends with TG and HDL profiles respectively were predominantly limited to premenopausal BC survivors. Conclusions Increasing levels of plasma total TG and TG in lipoproteins were associated with increasing levels of BMI among premenopausal BC survivors. High HDL-C levels and large HDL-p were inversely associated with obesity among premenopausal BC survivors. Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, longitudinal studies are necessary to examine the association between obesity and lipid profile among BC survivors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01674-2.
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de la Cruz-Ares S, Leon-Acuña A, Yubero-Serrano EM, Torres-Peña JD, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Cardelo MP, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Luque RM, Alcala-Diaz JF, Ordovas JM, Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Delgado-Lista J. High density lipoprotein subfractions and extent of coronary atherosclerotic lesions: From the cordioprev study. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 533:89-95. [PMID: 35700819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The extent of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) is associated with its prognosis, thus discovering potential biomarkers related to worse outcomes could prove valuable. The present work aims to investigate whether lipoprotein subfractions are associated with angiographic CHD severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients from the CORDIOPREV study exhibiting coronary lesions in angiography were classified into two groups (single-vessel coronary disease (SVD) or multivessel coronary disease (MVD)). High-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy determined lipoprotein subfractions concentration and composition. RESULTS SVD patients showed a higher concentration of medium and small HDL particles compared with MVD patients. For medium HDL, total lipids, phospholipids, total cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and free cholesterol reflected HDL particle concentration, whereas, for small HDL, total lipids, phospholipids, and free cholesterol mirrored lipoprotein particle concentration. Among traditional cardiovascular risk factors, age, hypertension and T2D were independently associated with angiography severity. In multivariate logistic regression models, medium and small HDL particles remained inversely associated with angiography severity (OR 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64-0.91); OR 0.78 (95% CI: 0.67-0.91), respectively) after adjusting with covariates. CONCLUSION In CHD patients mostly on statin treatment, angiography severity is inversely related to small and medium HDL subclasses concentration measured by NMR. These particles are also independent predictors of the presence of MVD, and its use increased the prediction of this entity over traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia de la Cruz-Ares
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Leon-Acuña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio P Arenas-de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Magdalena P Cardelo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol A Rangel-Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center of Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; IMDEA Food Institute, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Llanaj E, Dejanovic GM, Valido E, Bano A, Gamba M, Kastrati L, Minder B, Stojic S, Voortman T, Marques-Vidal P, Stoyanov J, Metzger B, Glisic M, Kern H, Muka T. Effect of oat supplementation interventions on cardiovascular disease risk markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1749-1778. [PMID: 34977959 PMCID: PMC9106631 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oat supplementation interventions (OSIs) may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, dietary background can modulate such effect. This systematic review assesses the effects of OSIs on CVD risk markers among adults, accounting for different dietary backgrounds or control arms. METHODS We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of oat, oat beta-glucan-rich extracts or avenanthramides on CVD risk markers. RESULTS Seventy-four RCTs, including 4937 predominantly hypercholesterolemic, obese subjects, with mild metabolic disturbances, were included in the systematic review. Of these, 59 RCTs contributed to the meta-analyses. Subjects receiving an OSI, compared to control arms without oats, had improved levels of total cholesterol (TC) [weighted mean difference and (95% CI) - 0.42 mmol/L, (- 0.61; - 0.22)], LDL cholesterol [- 0.29 mmol/L, (- 0.37; - 0.20)], glucose [- 0.25 nmol/L, (- 0.36; - 0.14)], body mass index [- 0.13 kg/m2, (- 0.26; - 0.01)], weight [- 0.94 kg, (- 1.84: - 0.05)], and waist circumference [- 1.06 cm, (- 1.85; - 0.27)]. RCTs on inflammation and/or oxidative stress markers were scarce and with inconsistent findings. RCTs comparing an OSI to heterogeneous interventions (e.g., wheat, eggs, rice, etc.), showed lowered levels of glycated haemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. The majority of included RCTs (81.1%) had some concerns for risk of bias. CONCLUSION Dietary OSIs resulted in lowered levels of blood lipids and improvements in anthropometric parameters among participants with predominantly mild metabolic disturbances, regardless of dietary background or control. Further high-quality trials are warranted to establish the role of OSIs on blood pressure, glucose homeostasis and inflammation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erand Llanaj
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Present Address: MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gordana M. Dejanovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Arjola Bano
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magda Gamba
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lum Kastrati
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Beatrice Minder
- Public Health and Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brandon Metzger
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Centre, Kannapolis, USA
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hua Kern
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Centre, Kannapolis, USA
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Post A, Garcia E, Gruppen EG, Kremer D, Connelly MA, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Higher Free Triiodothyronine Is Associated With Higher HDL Particle Concentration and Smaller HDL Particle Size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1807-e1815. [PMID: 35106588 PMCID: PMC9016450 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid function status has effects on the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by affecting lipid metabolism, but associations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentrations and subfractions with thyroid hormone levels within the reference range remain elusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the associations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with HDL particle characteristics in euthyroid individuals. METHODS This cross-sectional study on the associations of thyroid hormones with HDL particle concentrations, HDL subfractions, and HDL particle size included 5844 euthyroid individuals (FT3, FT4, and TSH levels within the reference range and no medication use affecting thyroid function), participating in the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease (PREVEND) study. HDL particles and subfractions were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance using an optimized version of the NMR LipoProfile Test (LP4). RESULTS In multivariable linear regression analyses, FT3 was positively associated with total HDL particle concentration (std.β = 0.14; P < 0.001) and with small (std.β = 0.13; P < 0.001) and medium-sized HDL particles (std.β = 0.05; P = 0.001). Conversely, FT3 was inversely associated with large HDL particles (std.β = -0.07; P < 0.001) and with HDL particle size (std.β = -0.08; P < 0.001). Such associations with FT4 or reciprocally with TSH were less pronounced or nonsignificant. CONCLUSION In euthyroid individuals, higher FT3 is cross-sectionally associated with higher total HDL particle concentration and with lower HDL particle size. These associations may be relevant to better understand the role of HDL in thyroid function-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Eke G Gruppen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Zierfuss B, Höbaus C, Herz CT, Koppensteiner R, Stangl H, Schernthaner GH. HDL particle subclasses in statin treated patients with peripheral artery disease predict long-term survival. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1804-1813. [PMID: 35436798 DOI: 10.1055/a-1827-7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction showed a strong reduction of cardiovascular (CV) event rates in CV disease. However, the residual risk of future CV events remains high, which especially extends to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-spectroscopy offers a novel method for analyses of the lipoprotein spectrum. This study investigates lipoprotein subclasses using NMR-spectroscopy and assesses implications for long-term survival in PAD. NMR-spectroscopy was performed by Nightingale Inc. in 319 patients with stable PAD and well-controlled CV risk factors. Patients were followed-up for ten years. During that period 123 patients (38.5%) died, of those 68 (21.3%) were defined as CV-deaths. Outcome data were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression for lipoprotein particles. Small and medium high-density lipoprotein-particles (S-HDL-P and M-HDL-P) showed a significant inverse association with all-cause mortality in Cox-regression analyses after multivariable adjustment (S-HDL-P hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.57-0.88; M-HDL-P 0.72, 0.58-0.90) for each increase of 1 standard deviation. In contrast, cholesterol-rich x-large HDL-particles (XL-HDL-P) showed a positive association with all-cause mortality (1.51, 1.20-1.89). Only the association between XL-HDL-P and CV-death sustained multivariable adjustment (1.49, 1.10-2.02), whereas associations for S-HDL-P and M-HDL-P were attenuated (0.76, 0.57-1.01; 0.80, 0.60-1.06). This study shows a novel association for a beneficial role of S-HDL-P and M-HDL-P but a negative association with higher cholesterol-rich XL-HDL-P for long-term outcome in well-treated patients with PAD. Thus, these results provide evidence that NMR-measured HDL particles identify patients at high CV residual risk beyond adequate lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Zierfuss
- Department of Medicine 2, Division of Angiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Clemens Höbaus
- Department of Medicine 2, Division of Angiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Carsten Thilo Herz
- Department of Medicine 3, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Department of Medicine 2, Division of Angiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute for Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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21
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Perfil lipoproteico por espectroscopia nuclear magnética en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica comparado con controles apareados. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Haapala EA, Leppänen MH, Lehti M, Lintu N, Tompuri T, Viitasalo A, Schwab U, Lakka TA. Cross-sectional associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and NMR-derived metabolic biomarkers in children - the PANIC study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:954418. [PMID: 36213296 PMCID: PMC9538338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiorespiratory fitness has been inversely associated with cardiovascular risk across the lifespan. Some studies in adults suggest that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with cardioprotective metabolite profile, but the evidence in children is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the cross-sectional association of cardiorespiratory fitness with serum nuclear magnetic resonance derived metabolic biomarkers in children. METHODS A population sample of 450 children aged 6-8 years was examined. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer and quantified as maximal power output normalised for lean body mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry. Serum metabolites were assessed using a high throughput nuclear magnetic resonance platform. The data were analysed using linear regression analyses adjusted for age and sex and subsequently for body fat percentage (BF%) assessed by DXA. RESULTS Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β=0.138, 95% CI=0.042 to 0.135, p=0.005), average HDL particle diameter (β=0.102, 95% CI=0.004 to 0.199, p=0.041), and the concentrations of extra-large HDL particles (β=0.103, 95% CI=0.006 to 0.201, p=0.038), large HDL particles (β=0.122, 95% CI=0.025 to 0.220, p=0.014), and medium HDL particles (β=0.143, 95% CI=0.047 to 0.239, p=0.004) after adjustment for age and sex. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was also associated with higher concentrations of ApoA1 (β=0.145, 95% CI=0.047 to 0.242, p=0.003), glutamine (β=0.161, 95% CI=0.064 to 0.257, p=0.001), and phenylalanine (β=0.187, 95% CI=0.091 to 0.283, p<0.001). However, only the direct associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with the concentrations of HDL cholesterol (β=0.114, 95% CI=0.018 to 0.210, p=0.021), medium HDL particles (β=0.126, 95% CI=0.030 to 0.223, p=0.010), ApoA1 (β=0.126, 95% CI=0.030 to 0.223, p=0.011), glutamine (β=0.147, 95% CI=0.050 to 0.224, p=0.003), and phenylalanine (β=0.217, 95% CI=0.122 to 0.311, p<0.001) remained statistically significant after further adjustment for BF%. CONCLUSIONS Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a cardioprotective biomarker profile in children. Most associations were independent of BF% suggesting that the differences in serum metabolites between children are driven by cardiorespiratory fitness and not adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- *Correspondence: Eero A. Haapala,
| | - Marja H. Leppänen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Lehti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Tompuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Thompson MB, Muldoon D, de Andrade KC, Giri N, Alter BP, Savage SA, Shamburek RD, Khincha PP. Lipoprotein particle alterations due to androgen therapy in individuals with dyskeratosis congenita. EBioMedicine 2021; 75:103760. [PMID: 34929494 PMCID: PMC8693311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a telomere biology disorder associated with high rates of bone marrow failure (BMF) and other medical complications. Oral androgens are successfully used to treat BMF in DC but often have significant side effects, including elevation of serum lipids. This study sought to determine the extent to which oral androgen therapy altered lipid and lipoprotein levels. Methods Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to evaluate serum lipid profiles, and lipoprotein particle number and size in nine androgen-treated individuals with DC, 45 untreated individuals with DC, 72 unaffected relatives of DC patients, and 19 untreated individuals with a different inherited BMF syndrome, Fanconi anaemia (FA). Findings Androgen-treated individuals with DC had significantly decreased serum HDL cholesterol, HDL particle number and HDL particle size (p < 0·001, p < 0·001 and p < 0·001, respectively); significantly increased serum LDL cholesterol and LDL particle number (p < 0·001, p < 0·001, respectively), decreased apoA-I and increased apoB (p < 0⋅001, p < 0⋅05 respectively) when compared with untreated individuals with DC. There were no significant lipid profile differences between untreated DC and untreated FA participants; or between untreated DC participants and their unaffected relatives. Branched chain amino acids and lipoprotein insulin resistance were not significantly different with androgen treatment. GlycA, an inflammatory acute phase reactant, was significantly increased with androgen treatment (p < 0⋅001). Interpretation Androgen treatment in DC creates an atherogenic lipoprotein profile, raising concern for the potential of elevated cardiovascular disease risk. Clinical guidelines for individuals on androgens for DC-related BMF should include cardiovascular disease monitoring. These findings could be relevant in individuals treated with androgen for other indications. Funding Intramural research programs of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics of the National Cancer Institute and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone't B Thompson
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer and Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Muldoon
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer and Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin C de Andrade
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer and Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer and Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer and Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer and Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Robert D Shamburek
- Lipid Service, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Payal P Khincha
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer and Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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The Differential Effects of HDL Subpopulations on Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)-Mediated VLDL Catabolism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121839. [PMID: 34944655 PMCID: PMC8698418 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations functional assessment is more relevant for HDL anti-atherogenic activity than cholesterol level. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of HDL-2 and HDL-3 on lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) catabolism related to hypertriglyceridemia development. VLDL and HDLs were isolated from serum by ultracentrifugation. VLDL was incubated with LPL in the absence and presence of total HDL or HDL subpopulations. Next, VLDL remnants were separated, and their composition and electrophoretic mobility was assessed. Both HDL subpopulations increased the efficiency of triglyceride lipolysis and apolipoprotein CII and CIII removal from VLDL up to ~90%. HDL-3 exerted significantly greater impact than HDL-2 on apolipoprotein E (43% vs. 18%, p < 0.001), free cholesterol (26% vs. 18%, p < 0.05) and phospholipids (53% vs. 43%, p < 0.05) removal from VLDL and VLDL remnant electrophoretic mobility (0.18 vs. 0.20, p < 0.01). A greater release of these components was also observed in the presence of total HDL with a low HDL-2/HDL-3 cholesterol ratio. Both HDL subpopulations affect VLDL composition during lipolysis, but HDL-3 exhibited a greater effect on this process. Altered composition of HDL related to significant changes in the distribution between HDL-2 and HDL-3 can influence the VLDL remnant features, affecting atherosclerosis progression.
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Ji X, Zhang Z, Lin D, Dai M, Zhao X, Guo X, Du J, Zhou M, Wang Y. A Novel Clinical Five-Risk Factor Panel for Individualized Recurrence Risk Assessment of Patients With Acute Anterior Uveitis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:29. [PMID: 34817576 PMCID: PMC8626851 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.13.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Detecting and managing relapses of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is necessary for improving follow-up planning to minimize recurrences and further complications. However, reliable clinical and laboratory risk factors are lacking, as is a predictive model for use in clinical practice that is capable of identifying patients at high risk for recurrence after remission. Methods We analyzed 38 laboratory parameters and clinical data from a large longitudinal retrospective cohort of 233 patients with AAU. Association of laboratory parameters with recurrence-free survival (RFS) was evaluated using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression. A clinically applicable predictive model was developed using a logistic regression model. Results Of the 38 laboratory parameters studied, we identified 5 parameters (HDL, ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27, MO, and LDL) to be associated with RFS. We developed a clinical five-risk factor panel (5RF-panel), which was capable of effectively distinguishing recurrent patients from nonrelapsed patients (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.837), as well as between patients with high and low risks of AAU recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 45.874, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.232-402.2, P < 0.001). The robust performance of the 5RF-panel was further validated in the testing cohort (AUC = 0.725, and HR = 51.982, 95% CI = 4.438-608.9, P = 0.024). Furthermore, the 5RF-panel demonstrated superior performance in stratifying recurrence risk based on known risk factors. Conclusions We identified and validated a novel clinical 5RF-panel to predict individualized risk of AAU recurrence and improved patient classification for clinical management. Translational Relevance The present study identified and validated a 5RF-panel that is a promising individualized predictive tool to monitor recurrence risk and guide personalized management of patients with AAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Ji
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Lin
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mali Dai
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingneng Guo
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Du
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wu H, Wang C, Tuerhongjiang G, Qiao X, Hua Y, She J, Yuan Z. Circulating lipid and lipoprotein profiles and their correlation to cardiac function and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Investig Med 2021; 69:1310-1317. [PMID: 33972383 PMCID: PMC8485136 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that lipoproteins represent major risk factors, both positive and negative, for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to describe the relationship between plasma lipid profile and cardiac function and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Two independent groups of subjects including a total of 797 patients diagnosed of AMI undergoing PCI admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were included in the present study. We performed a cross-sectional study for the correlation between plasma lipid profile and cardiac function based on the first group, including 503 patients with AMI. We further validated the correlation and did the follow-up of 2.4 years of major cardiovascular outcomes on the second group, including 294 patients with AMI. Our results showed that apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) level was significantly reduced, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C):ApoA-I ratio was increased in the patients with lower LVEF or higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels compared with the control; there was a positive correlation between cardiac function and ApoA-I, and a negative correlation between cardiac function and the HDL-C:ApoA-I ratio. Meanwhile, multivariate Cox analysis showed that ApoA-I was independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the ApoA-I levels exhibited a significant effect on predicting the incidence of MACEs. In sum, plasma ApoA-I level is positively associated with the cardiac function of patients with AMI after PCI, and ApoA-I is an independent indicator to predict the incidence of MACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Gulinigaer Tuerhongjiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangrui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiming Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianqing She
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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Physicochemical Properties of Lipoproteins Assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Predictor of Premature Cardiovascular Disease. PRESARV-SEA Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071379. [PMID: 33805580 PMCID: PMC8037702 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some lipoprotein disorders related to the residual risk of premature cardiovascular disease (PCVD) are not detected by the conventional lipid profile. In this case-control study, the predictive power of PCVD of serum sdLDL-C, measured using a lipoprotein precipitation method, and of the physicochemical properties of serum lipoproteins, analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, were evaluated. We studied a group of patients with a first PCVD event (n = 125) and a group of control subjects (n = 190). Conventional lipid profile, the size and number of Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) particles, and the number of particles of their subclasses (large, medium, and small) were measured. Compared to controls, PCVD patients had lower concentrations of all LDL particles, and smaller and larger diameter of LDL and HDL particles, respectively. PCVD patients also showed higher concentrations of small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL), and triglycerides (Tg) in LDL and HDL particles (HDL-Tg), and higher concentrations of large VLDL particles. Multivariate logistic regression showed that sdLDL-C, HDL-Tg, and large concentrations of LDL particles were the most powerful predictors of PCVD. A strong relationship was observed between increased HDL-Tg concentrations and PCVD. This study demonstrates that beyond the conventional lipid profile, PCVD patients have other atherogenic lipoprotein alterations that are detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis.
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Prediction of coronary heart disease incidence in a general male population by circulating non-coding small RNA sRNY1-5p in a nested case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1837. [PMID: 33469068 PMCID: PMC7815790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of atherosclerotic lesion, s-RNYs (small RNAs of about 24/34 nucleotides) are derived by the processing of long Ro-associated non-coding RNAs (RNYs) in macrophages. The levels of serum s-RNYs have been found significantly upregulated in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to age-matched CHD-free individuals. The present study aimed to examine the predictive value of serum s-RNYs for CHD events in the general male population. Within the frame of nested-case–control study, the GENES study, we measured the absolute expression of a RNY-derived small RNA, the s-RNY1-5p, in the serum of individuals (without CHD at baseline) who encountered a CHD event within 12 years of follow-up (n = 30) (Cases) and compared them to individuals who remained event-free (Controls) (n = 30). The expression of s-RNY1-5p in serum was significantly upregulated in Cases compared to Controls (p = 0.027). The proportion of CHD event-free was significantly higher among individuals with serum s-RNY1-5p below the median value (631 molecules/mL). In a multivariable model adjusted for age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, the risk of CHD events increased more than fourfold in individuals with serum s-RNY1-5p above the median value (HR, 4.36; 95% CI 1.22–15.60). A positive association with CHD events was also observed when considering s-RNY1-5p as a continuous variable (p = 0.022). Based on our results, we conclude that serum s-RNY1-5p is an independent predictor of CHD events in a general male population and might be a relevant biomarker for early detection of cardiovascular diseases.
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Martinez LO, Ingueneau C, Genoux A. Is it time to reconcile HDL with cardiovascular diseases and beyond? An update on a paradigm shift. Curr Opin Lipidol 2020; 31:302-304. [PMID: 32881754 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent O Martinez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University
| | - Cécile Ingueneau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University
- Service de Biochimie, Pôle de biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Annelise Genoux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University
- Service de Biochimie, Pôle de biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors induces a more anti-atherogenic HDL lipid profile in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 135:106804. [PMID: 32987194 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9-I) have been reported to cause a moderate increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in human studies. We thus evaluated the effect of two approved PCSK9-I on the concentration and lipid composition of HDL particle subclasses. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 95 patients (62.8 ± 10.3 years old, 58% men), with or without statin and/or ezetimibe treatment and eligible for PCSK9-I therapy, received either evolocumab (140 mg) or alirocumab (75 or 150 mg). Their HDL particle profiles were measured by NMR spectroscopy at baseline and after 4 weeks of PCSK9-I treatment. RESULTS PCSK9-I treatment increased the level of HDL-C by 7%. The level of medium-sized HDL particles (M-HDL-P) increased (+8%) while the level of XL-HDL-P decreased (-19%). The lipid core composition was altered in the smaller S- and M-HDL-P, with a reduction in triglycerides (TG) and an enrichment in cholesterol esters (CE), whereas the for the larger XL- and L-HDL-P the relative CE content decreased and the TG content increased. Ezetimibe therapy differentially impacted the HDL particle distribution, independently of statin use, with an increase in S-HDL-P in patients not receiving ezetimibe. CONCLUSIONS As S- and M-HDL-P levels are inversely related to cardiovascular risk, PCSK9-I treatment may result in a more atheroprotective HDL particle profile, particularly in patients not concomitantly treated with ezetimibe.
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