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Hizem S, Maamouri R, Zaouak A, Rejeb I, Karoui S, Sebai M, Jilani H, Elaribi Y, Fenniche S, Cheour M, Bilan F, Ben Jemaa L. Absent meibomian glands and cone dystrophy in ADULT syndrome: identification by whole exome sequencing of pathogenic variants in two causal genes TP63 and CNGB3. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:84-94. [PMID: 37158316 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2206891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectrodactyly is a rare congenital limb malformation characterized by a deep median cleft of the hand and/or foot due to the absence of central rays. It could be isolated or depicts a part of diverse syndromic forms. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in the TP63 gene are responsible for at least four rare syndromic human disorders associated with ectrodactyly. Among them, ADULT (Acro-Dermato-Ungual-Lacrimal-Tooth) syndrome is characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, excessive freckling, nail dysplasia, and lacrimal duct obstruction, in addition to ectrodactyly and/or syndactyly. Ophthalmic findings are very common in TP63-related disorders, consisting mainly of lacrimal duct hypoplasia. Absent meibomian glands have also been well documented in EEC3 (Ectrodactyly Ectodermal dysplasia Cleft lip/palate) syndrome but not in ADULT syndrome. METHODS We report a case of syndromic ectrodactyly consistent with ADULT syndrome, with an additional ophthalmic manifestation of agenesis of meibomian glands. The proband, as well as her elder sister, presented with congenital cone dystrophy.The molecular investigation was performed in the proband using Whole Exome Sequencing. Family segregation of the identified variants was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Two clinically relevant variants were found in the proband: the novel de novo heterozygous missense c.931A > G (p.Ser311Gly) in the TP63 gene classified as pathogenic, and the homozygous nonsense pathogenic c.1810C > T (p.Arg604Ter) in the CNGB3 gene. The same homozygous CNGB3 variation was also found in the sister, explaining the cone dystrophy in both cases. CONCLUSIONS Whole Exome Sequencing allowed dual molecular diagnoses: de novo TP63-related syndromic ectrodactyly and familial CNGB3-related congenital cone dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Hizem
- Department of congenital and hereditary diseases, Mongi Slim hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
- Human genetics laboratory, LR99ES10- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Maamouri
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Habib Thameur hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Zaouak
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Dermatology, Genodermatosis and Cancers Laboratory LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rejeb
- Department of congenital and hereditary diseases, Mongi Slim hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
- Maternal and Child health laboratory, LR22SP01- Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Karoui
- Department of congenital and hereditary diseases, Mongi Slim hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Maternal and Child health laboratory, LR22SP01- Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Molka Sebai
- Department of congenital and hereditary diseases, Mongi Slim hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
- Human genetics laboratory, LR99ES10- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houweyda Jilani
- Department of congenital and hereditary diseases, Mongi Slim hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yasmina Elaribi
- Department of congenital and hereditary diseases, Mongi Slim hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Fenniche
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Dermatology, Genodermatosis and Cancers Laboratory LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia Cheour
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Habib Thameur hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Bilan
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Service de Génétique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lamia Ben Jemaa
- Department of congenital and hereditary diseases, Mongi Slim hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Maternal and Child health laboratory, LR22SP01- Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Daich Varela M, Duignan ES, De Silva SR, Ba-Abbad R, Fujinami-Yokokawa Y, Leo S, Fujinami K, Mahroo OA, Robson AG, Webster AR, Michaelides M. CERKL-Associated Retinal Dystrophy: Genetics, Phenotype, and Natural History. Ophthalmol Retina 2023; 7:918-931. [PMID: 37331655 PMCID: PMC11108804 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the clinical characteristics, natural history, and genetics of CERKL-associated retinal dystrophy in the largest series to date. DESIGN Multicenter retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Forty-seven patients (37 families) with likely disease-causing CERKL variants. METHODS Review of clinical notes, ophthalmic images, and molecular diagnosis from 2 international centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual function, retinal imaging, and characteristics were evaluated and correlated. RESULTS The mean age at the first visit was 29.6 ± 13.9 years, and the mean follow-up time was 9.1 ± 7.4 years. The most frequent initial symptom was central vision loss (40%), and the most common retinal feature was well-demarcated areas of macular atrophy (57%). Seventy-seven percent of the participants had double-null genotypes, and 64% had electrophysiological assessment. Among the latter, 53% showed similar severity of rod and cone dysfunction, 27% revealed a rod-cone, 10% a cone-rod, and 10% a macular dystrophy dysfunction pattern. Patients without double-null genotypes tended to have fewer pigment deposits and included a higher proportion of older patients with a relatively mild electrophysiological phenotype. Longitudinal analysis showed that over half of the cohort lost 15 ETDRS letters or more in ≥ 1 eye during the first 5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype of CERKL-retinal dystrophy is broad, encompassing isolated macular disease to severe retina-wide involvement, with a range of functional phenotypes, generally not fitting in the rod-cone/cone-rod dichotomy. Disease onset is often earlier, with more severe retinal degenerative changes and photoreceptor dysfunction, in nullizygous cases. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samantha R De Silva
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rola Ba-Abbad
- Ocular Genetics Services, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Fujinami-Yokokawa
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shaun Leo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Robson
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Han J, Joo K, Kim US, Woo SJ, Lee EK, Lee JY, Park TK, Kim SJ, Byeon SH. Voretigene Neparvovec for the Treatment of RPE65-associated Retinal Dystrophy: Consensus and Recommendations from the Korea RPE65-IRD Consensus Paper Committee. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 37:166-186. [PMID: 36950921 PMCID: PMC10151174 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RPE65 gene, associated with Leber congenital amaurosis, early-onset severe retinal dystrophy, and retinitis pigmentosa, gained growing attention since gene therapy for patients with RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy is available in clinical practice. RPE65 gene accounts for a very small proportion of patients with inherited retinal degeneration, especially Asian patients. Because RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy shares common clinical characteristics, such as early-onset severe nyctalopia, nystagmus, low vision, and progressive visual field constriction, with retinitis pigmentosa by other genetic mutations, appropriate genetic testing is essential to make a correct diagnosis. Also, fundus abnormalities can be minimal in early childhood, and the phenotype is highly variable depending on the type of mutations in RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy, which makes a diagnostic difficulty. The aim of this paper is to review the epidemiology of RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy, mutation spectrum, genetic diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and voretigene neparvovec, a gene therapy product for the treatment of RPE65-related retinal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Han
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Kwangsic Joo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam,
Korea
| | - Ungsoo Samuel Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong,
Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam,
Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Tae Kwann Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon,
Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Maltese PE, Colombo L, Martella S, Rossetti L, El Shamieh S, Sinibaldi L, Passarelli C, Coppè AM, Buzzonetti L, Falsini B, Chiurazzi P, Placidi G, Tanzi B, Bertelli M, Iarossi G. Genetics of Inherited Retinal Diseases in Understudied Ethnic Groups in Italian Hospitals. Front Genet 2022; 13:914345. [PMID: 35836572 PMCID: PMC9274138 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Describing the clinical and genetic features of an ethnically heterogeneous group of (inherited retinal diseases) IRD patients from different underrepresented countries, referring to specialized Italian Hospitals, and expanding the epidemiological spectrum of the IRD in understudied populations. Methods: The patients’ phenotypes underwent were characterized by exhaustive ophthalmological examinations, including morpho-functional testing. Genetic testing was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and gene sequencing panels targeting a specific set of genes, Sanger sequencing and—when necessary—multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to better identify the genotype. When possible, segregation analysis was performed in order to confirm unsolved cases. Results: The article reports the results of the phenotypes and genotypes of 123 IRD probands, 69 males and 54 females, mean age 41 (IQR, 54–30) years, disease onset at 13 (IQR, 27.25–5) years. Thirty-three patients out of 123 (26.8%) were Africans (North/Northwest Africa), 21 (17.1%) Asians, 19 (15.4%) Americans (South/Central America) and 50 (40.7%) Europeans (Eastern Europe). Retinitis pigmentosa was the most represented phenotype (56%), followed by cone dystrophy (11%) and Leber congenital amaurosis (7%), while ABCA4 was the most frequently mutated gene (18%), followed by USH2A (9%) and RPGR (5%). About ABCA4 variants found in Stargardt disease, macular and cone dystrophies were predominant in Asian (42%) and European (21%) patients. The most represented inheritance pattern was autosomal recessive, while a higher frequency of homozygous patients versus compound heterozygotes as compared to previous studies on Italian IRD patients was evidenced, reflecting a possible higher frequency of inbreeding marriages. Conclusion: Though limited by the relatively low number of patients, the present paper paints a picture of the clinical and genetic features of IRD patients from understudied ethnic groups referred to Italian specialized hospitals and extended the epidemiological studies on underrepresented world regional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Martella
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Said El Shamieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Passarelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Maria Coppè
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Buzzonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS/Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Ophthalmology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS & Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Placidi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS/Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Ophthalmology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- Magi’s Lab S.R.L., Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI Euregio s.c.s., Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iarossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
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5
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Bouzidi A, Charoute H, Charif M, Amalou G, Kandil M, Barakat A, Lenaers G. Clinical and genetic spectrums of 413 North African families with inherited retinal dystrophies and optic neuropathies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:197. [PMID: 35551639 PMCID: PMC9097391 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) and optic neuropathies (ION) are the two major causes world-wide of early visual impairment, frequently leading to legal blindness. These two groups of pathologies are highly heterogeneous and require combined clinical and molecular diagnoses to be securely identified. Exact epidemiological studies are lacking in North Africa, and genetic studies of IRD and ION individuals are often limited to case reports or to some families that migrated to the rest of the world. In order to improve the knowledge of their clinical and genetic spectrums in North Africa, we reviewed published data, to illustrate the most prevalent pathologies, genes and mutations encountered in this geographical region, extending from Morocco to Egypt, comprising 200 million inhabitants. Main body We compiled data from 413 families with IRD or ION together with their available molecular diagnosis. The proportion of IRD represents 82.8% of index cases, while ION accounted for 17.8%. Non-syndromic IRD were more frequent than syndromic ones, with photoreceptor alterations being the main cause of non-syndromic IRD, represented by retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, and cone-rod dystrophies, while ciliopathies constitute the major part of syndromic-IRD, in which the Usher and Bardet Biedl syndromes occupy 41.2% and 31.1%, respectively. We identified 71 ION families, 84.5% with a syndromic presentation, while surprisingly, non-syndromic ION are scarcely reported, with only 11 families with autosomal recessive optic atrophies related to OPA7 and OPA10 variants, or with the mitochondrial related Leber ION. Overall, consanguinity is a major cause of these diseases within North African countries, as 76.1% of IRD and 78.8% of ION investigated families were consanguineous, explaining the high rate of autosomal recessive inheritance pattern compared to the dominant one. In addition, we identified many founder mutations in small endogamous communities. Short conclusion As both IRD and ION diseases constitute a real public health burden, their under-diagnosis in North Africa due to the absence of physicians trained to the identification of inherited ophthalmologic presentations, together with the scarcity of tools for the molecular diagnosis represent major political, economic and health challenges for the future, to first establish accurate clinical diagnoses and then treat patients with the emergent therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02340-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Bouzidi
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France.,Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Majida Charif
- Genetics, and Immuno-Cell Therapy Team, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ghita Amalou
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France.,Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kandil
- Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France. .,Service de Neurologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
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Sallum JMF, Kaur VP, Shaikh J, Banhazi J, Spera C, Aouadj C, Viriato D, Fischer MD. Epidemiology of Mutations in the 65-kDa Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE65) Gene-Mediated Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: A Systematic Literature Review. Adv Ther 2022; 39:1179-1198. [PMID: 35098484 PMCID: PMC8918161 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-02036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) represent a genetically diverse group of progressive, visually debilitating diseases. Adult and paediatric patients with vision loss due to IRD caused by biallelic mutations in the 65-kDa retinal pigment epithelium (RPE65) gene are often clinically diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). This study aimed to understand the epidemiological landscape of RPE65 gene-mediated IRD through a systematic review of the literature, as the current evidence base for its epidemiology is very limited. METHODS Medline, Embase, and other databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology of RPE65 gene-mediated IRDs from inception until June 2021. Studies were included if they were original research articles reporting the epidemiology of RP and LCA and/or proportion of RPE65 gene mutations in these clinically diagnosed or molecularly confirmed IRDs patients. RESULTS A total of 100 studies with relevant data were included in this systematic review. The range for prevalence of LCA and RP in the literature was 1.20-2.37 and 11.09-26.43 per 100,000, respectively. The proportion of RPE65 mutations in clinically diagnosed patients with LCA was found to be between ~ 2-16% within the US and major European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK). This range was also comparable to our findings in the Asian region for RPE65-LCA (1.26-16.67%). Similarly, for these European countries, RPE65-RP was estimated between 0.23 and 1.94%, and RPE65-IRD range was 1.2-14%. Further, in the Americas region, mutations in RPE65 were reported to cause 1-3% of RP and 0.8-3.7% of IRD cases. Lastly, the RPE65-IRD range was 4.81-8% in the Middle East region. CONCLUSIONS There are significant variations in reporting of RPE65 proportions within countries as well as regions. Generating robust epidemiological evidence on RPE65 gene-mediated IRDs would be fundamental to support rare disease awareness, timely therapeutic intervention, and public health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M F Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Genética Ocular, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Dominik Fischer
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Kayazawa T, Kuniyoshi K, Hatsukawa Y, Fujinami K, Yoshitake K, Tsunoda K, Shimojo H, Iwata T, Kusaka S. Clinical course of a Japanese girl with Leber congenital amaurosis associated with a novel nonsense pathogenic variant in NMNAT1: a case report and mini review. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:400-408. [PMID: 35026968 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.2023195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), although rare, is one of the most severe forms of early-onset inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD). Here, we review the molecular genetics and phenotypic characteristics of patients with NMNAT1-associated IRD. The longitudinal clinical and molecular findings of a Japanese girl diagnosed with LCA associated with pathogenic variants in NMNAT1 c.648delG, (p.Trp216Ter*) and c.709C>T (p.Arg237Cys) have been described to highlight the salient clinical features of NMNAT1-associated IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Kayazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kuniyoshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hatsukawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Associated with Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimojo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Next-Generation Sequencing Applications for Inherited Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115684. [PMID: 34073611 PMCID: PMC8198572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent a collection of phenotypically and genetically diverse conditions. IRDs phenotype(s) can be isolated to the eye or can involve multiple tissues. These conditions are associated with diverse forms of inheritance, and variants within the same gene often can be associated with multiple distinct phenotypes. Such aspects of the IRDs highlight the difficulty met when establishing a genetic diagnosis in patients. Here we provide an overview of cutting-edge next-generation sequencing techniques and strategies currently in use to maximise the effectivity of IRD gene screening. These techniques have helped researchers globally to find elusive causes of IRDs, including copy number variants, structural variants, new IRD genes and deep intronic variants, among others. Resolving a genetic diagnosis with thorough testing enables a more accurate diagnosis and more informed prognosis and should also provide information on inheritance patterns which may be of particular interest to patients of a child-bearing age. Given that IRDs are heritable conditions, genetic counselling may be offered to help inform family planning, carrier testing and prenatal screening. Additionally, a verified genetic diagnosis may enable access to appropriate clinical trials or approved medications that may be available for the condition.
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Wang Y, Sun W, Xiao X, Li S, Jia X, Wang P, Zhang Q. Clinical and Genetic Analysis of 63 Families Demonstrating Early and Advanced Characteristic Fundus as the Signature of CRB1 Mutations. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 223:160-168. [PMID: 33342761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To reveal the characteristics of ocular changes in patients with biallelic CRB1 mutations. DESIGN Comparative exome sequencing and retrospective case series on clinical data. METHODS Seventy-four patients from 63 families with biallelic potential pathogenic variants in CRB1 were selected from our in-house exome sequencing. The clinical data were reviewed and evaluated in detail, including best-corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinogram (ERG). RESULTS Biallelic CRB1 variants, involving 45 variants including 23 novel, were identified in 40 novel families based on exome sequencing. Analyzing clinical data of the 74 individuals from 63 families revealed the following CRB1-associated phenotypes: (1) early-onset reduced visual acuity with congenital nystagmus; (2) 2 types of characteristic retinal changes including yellowish geographic macular degeneration (YMD) or nummular pigment deposits (NPD) at posterior retina with bone-spicule pigmentation at midperipheral retina; (3) undetectable rod and cone responses on ERG; (4) cystoid macular edema or macular atrophy on OCT. YMD and NPD are unique and CRB1-associated. Long-term follow-up examination as well as age- and variant-dependent phenotypic analysis suggested YMD is the early fundus change that would gradually progress to NPD. CONCLUSIONS YMD and NPD are 2 major characteristic CRB1-associated fundus changes and the former one will advance to the latter with age. Recognizing such characteristic signs associated with biallelic CRB1 variants may be of value in areas without widespread access to genetic testing where a more targeted approach is needed and might be biomarkers for evaluation of effects for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Clinical and genetic investigations of three Moroccan families with retinitis pigmentosa phenotypes. Mol Vis 2021; 27:17-25. [PMID: 33633436 PMCID: PMC7883928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Progressive inherited retinal dystrophies, characterized by degeneration of rod photoreceptors and then cone photoreceptors, are known as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), for which 89 genes have been identified. Today, only five Moroccan families with RP with a genetic diagnosis have been reported, justifying our investment in providing further clinical and genetic investigations of families with RP in Morocco. Methods The clinical diagnosis based on a combination of a history of night blindness, abnormal rod or rod-cone responses in electroretinography (ERG), and constricted visual field or difficulty perceiving side objects identified three Moroccan families with an RP phenotype. Probands of these families underwent whole exome sequencing (WES), and candidate variants were evaluated for their segregation within family members. Results All patients had a history of night blindness and unrecordable rod and cone ERG traces. In addition, one patient had cystoid macular edema, and another had discrete autofluorescence abnormalities, in addition to ellipsoid zone disorganization and narrowed retinal vessels. WES sequencing revealed heterozygous compound mutations in CRB1:c.1690G>T//c.1913C>T and in ABCA4:c.5908C>T//c.6148G>C and a homozygous PDE6B splice mutation c.1920+2T>C. Conclusions We provide the first description of Moroccan patients with the RP phenotype harboring pathogenic mutations in the CRB1 and ABCA4 genes and the second description of an individual with RP with a PDE6B mutation, associated with cystoid macular edema. These data contribute to expand the genetic diagnosis of RP phenotypes in Morocco.
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