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Ishizaki T, Sugimoto M, Kuboyama Y, Mazaki J, Kasahara K, Tago T, Udo R, Iwasaki K, Hayashi Y, Nagakawa Y. Stage-Specific Plasma Metabolomic Profiles in Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5202. [PMID: 39274416 PMCID: PMC11396754 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolomic profiles of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) across various stages of the disease. Methods: The plasma samples were obtained from 255 subjects, including patients with CRC in stages I-IV, polyps, and controls. We employed capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to analyze hydrophilic metabolites comprehensively. The data were randomly divided into two groups, and consistent differences observed in both groups were analyzed. Results: Acetylated polyamines, such as N1-acetylspermine and N1, N12-diacetylspermine, consistently showed elevated concentrations in stage IV compared to stages I-III. Non-acetylated polyamines, including spermine and spermidine, exhibited increasing trends from polyp to stage IV. Other metabolites, such as histidine and o-acetylcarnitine, showed decreasing trends across stages. While acetylated polyamines have been reported as CRC detection markers, our findings suggest that they also possess diagnostic potential for distinguishing stage IV from other stages. Conclusions: This study showed stage-specific changes in metabolic profiles, including polyamines, of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ishizaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 160-8402, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yu Kuboyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Mazaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Kasahara
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tago
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Udo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Iwasaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hayashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagakawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan
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Ferey J, Mervant L, Naud N, Jamin EL, Pierre F, Debrauwer L, Guéraud F. Spatial metabolomics using mass-spectrometry imaging to decipher the impact of high red meat diet on the colon metabolome in rat. Talanta 2024; 276:126230. [PMID: 38762974 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world with a higher prevalence in the developed countries, mainly caused by environmental and lifestyle factors such as diet, particularly red meat consumption. The metabolic impact of high red meat consumption on the epithelial part of the colon was investigated using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI), to specifically analyze the epithelial substructure. Ten colons from rats fed for 100 days high red or white meat diet were subjected to untargeted MSI analyses using two spatial resolutions (100 μm and 10 μm) to evaluate metabolite changes in the epithelial part and to visualize the distribution of metabolites of interest within the epithelium crypts. Our results suggest a specific effect of red meat diet on the colonic epithelium metabolism, as evidenced by an increase of purine catabolism products or depletion in glutathione pool, reinforcing the hypothesis of increased oxidative stress with red meat diet. This study also highlighted cholesterol sulfate as another up-regulated metabolite, interestingly localized at the top of the crypts. Altogether, this study demonstrates the feasibility and the added value of using MSI to decipher the effect of high red meat diet on the colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Ferey
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Mervant
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, 31027, Toulouse, France; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Nathalie Naud
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France; Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
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López-López Á, López-Gonzálvez Á, Barbas C. Metabolomics for searching validated biomarkers in cancer studies: a decade in review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:601-626. [PMID: 38904089 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2368603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare, the ability to anticipate and diagnose diseases, particularly in cases where early treatment significantly impacts outcomes, is paramount. Cancer, a complex and heterogeneous disease, underscores the critical importance of early diagnosis for patient survival. The integration of metabolomics information has emerged as a crucial tool, complementing the genotype-phenotype landscape and providing insights into active metabolic mechanisms and disease-induced dysregulated pathways. AREAS COVERED This review explores a decade of developments in the search for biomarkers validated within the realm of cancer studies. By critically assessing a diverse array of research articles, clinical trials, and studies, this review aims to present an overview of the methodologies employed and the progress achieved in identifying and validating biomarkers in metabolomics results for various cancer types. EXPERT OPINION Through an exploration of more than 800 studies, this review has allowed to establish a general idea about state-of-art in the search of biomarkers in metabolomics studies involving cancer which include certain level of results validation. The potential for metabolites as diagnostic markers to reach the clinic and make a real difference in patient health is substantial, but challenges remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles López-López
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles López-Gonzálvez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Hoseini SH, Enayati P, Nazari M, Babakhanzadeh E, Rastgoo M, Sohrabi NB. Biomarker Profile of Colorectal Cancer: Current Findings and Future Perspective. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:497-510. [PMID: 38168859 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breakthroughs in omics technology have led to a deeper understanding of the fundamental molecular changes that play a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. This review delves into the hidden molecular drivers of colorectal cancer (CRC), offering potential for clinical translation through novel biomarkers and personalized therapies. METHODS We summarizes recent studies utilizing various omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and data integration with computational algorithms, to investigate CRC. RESULTS Integrating multi-omics data in colorectal cancer research unlocks hidden biological insights, revealing new pathways and mechanisms. This powerful approach not only identifies potential biomarkers for personalized prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment, but also predicts patient response to specific therapies, while computational tools illuminate the landscape by deciphering complex datasets. CONCLUSIONS Future research should prioritize validating promising biomarkers and seamlessly translating them into clinical practice, ultimately propelling personalized CRC management to new heights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Enayati
- Biological Sciences Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Majid Nazari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- , P.O. Box, Tehran, 64155-65117, Iran.
| | - Emad Babakhanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastgoo
- Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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Kang C, Zhang J, Xue M, Li X, Ding D, Wang Y, Jiang S, Chu FF, Gao Q, Zhang M. Metabolomics analyses of cancer tissue from patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:219. [PMID: 37772396 PMCID: PMC10568249 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of metabolism is essential for the initiation and progression of numerous types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Metabolomics has been used to study CRC. At present, the reprogramming of the metabolism in CRC remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, comprehensive untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the paired CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues from patients with CRC (n=35) using ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry. Subsequently, bioinformatic analysis was performed on the differentially expressed metabolites. The changes in these differential metabolites were compared among groups of patients based on sex, anatomical tumor location, grade of tumor differentiation and stage of disease. A total of 927 metabolites were detected in the tissue samples, and 24 metabolites in the CRC tissue were significantly different compared with the adjacent normal tissue. The present study revealed that the levels of three amino acid metabolites were increased in the CRC tissue, specifically, N‑α‑acetyl‑ε‑(2‑propenal)‑Lys, cyclo(Glu‑Glu) and cyclo(Phe‑Glu). The metabolites with decreased levels in the CRC tissue included quinaldic acid (also referred to as quinoline‑2‑carboxilic acid), 17α‑ and 17β‑estradiol, which are associated with tumor suppression activities, as well as other metabolites such as, anhydro‑β‑glucose, Asp‑Arg, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE), lysophosphatidylinositol, carnitine, 5'‑deoxy‑5'‑(methylthio) adenosine, 2'‑deoxyinosine‑5'‑monophosphate and thiamine monophosphate. There was no difference in the levels of the differential metabolites between male and female patients. The differentiation of CRC also showed no impact on the levels of the differential metabolites. The levels of lysoPE were increased in the right side of the colon compared with the left side of the colon and rectum. Analysis of the different tumor stages indicated that 2‑aminobenzenesulfonic acid, P‑sulfanilic acid and quinoline‑4‑carboxylic acid were decreased in stage I CRC tissue compared with stage II, III and IV CRC tissue. The levels of N‑α‑acetyl‑ε‑(2‑propenal)‑Lys, methylcysteine and 5'‑deoxy‑5'‑(methylthio) adenosine varied at different stages of tumorigenesis. These differential metabolites were implicated in multiple metabolism pathways, including carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, nucleotide and hormone. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CRC tumors had altered metabolites compared with normal tissue. The data from the metabolic profile of CRC tissues in the present study provided supportive evidence to understand tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Kang
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Ding
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Jiang
- Department of Acute Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London SE18 4QH, UK
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of The City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Mengqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
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Qin Z, Zhang J, Li S. Molybdenum Disulfide as Tunable Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing Platforms for Cancer Biomarker Detection: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:848. [PMID: 37754082 PMCID: PMC10527254 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a common illness with a high mortality. Compared with traditional technologies, biomarker detection, with its low cost and simple operation, has a higher sensitivity and faster speed in the early screening and prognosis of cancer. Therefore, extensive research has focused on the development of biosensors and the construction of sensing interfaces. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, whose unique adjustable bandgap shows excellent electronic and optical properties in the construction of biosensor interfaces. It not only has the advantages of a high catalytic activity and low manufacturing costs, but it can also further expand the application of hybrid structures through different functionalization, and it is widely used in various biosensors fields. Herein, we provide a detailed introduction to the structure and synthesis methods of MoS2, and explore the unique properties and advantages/disadvantages exhibited by different structures. Specifically, we focus on the excellent properties and application performance of MoS2 and its composite structures, and discuss the widespread application of MoS2 in cancer biomarkers detection from both electrochemical and optical dimensions. Additionally, with the cross development of emerging technologies, we have also expanded the application of other emerging sensors based on MoS2 for early cancer diagnosis. Finally, we summarized the challenges and prospects of MoS2 in the synthesis, functionalization of composite groups, and applications, and provided some insights into the potential applications of these emerging nanomaterials in a wider range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Qin
- Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Bhatt K, Orlando T, Meuwis MA, Louis E, Stefanuto PH, Focant JF. Comprehensive Insight into Colorectal Cancer Metabolites and Lipids for Human Serum: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119614. [PMID: 37298566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The current endoscopic-based or stool-based diagnostic techniques are either highly invasive or lack sufficient sensitivity. Thus, there is a need for less invasive and more sensitive screening approaches. We, therefore, conducted a study on 64 human serum samples representing three different groups (adenocarcinoma, adenoma, and control) using cutting-edge GC×GC-LR/HR-TOFMS (comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with low/high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry). We analyzed samples with two different specifically tailored sample preparation approaches for lipidomics (fatty acids) (25 μL serum) and metabolomics (50 μL serum). In-depth chemometric screening with supervised and unsupervised approaches and metabolic pathway analysis were applied to both datasets. A lipidomics study revealed that specific PUFA (ω-3) molecules are inversely associated with increased odds of CRC, while some PUFA (ω-6) analytes show a positive correlation. The metabolomics approach revealed downregulation of amino acids (alanine, glutamate, methionine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine) and myo-inositol in CRC, while 3-hydroxybutyrate levels were increased. This unique study provides comprehensive insight into molecular-level changes associated with CRC and allows for a comparison of the efficiency of two different analytical approaches for CRC screening using same serum samples and single instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Bhatt
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Titziana Orlando
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Alice Meuwis
- GIGA Institute, Translational Gastroenterology and CHU de Liège, Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 13, B34-35, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- GIGA Institute, Translational Gastroenterology and CHU de Liège, Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 13, B34-35, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Hugues Stefanuto
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Russo E, Gloria LD, Nannini G, Meoni G, Niccolai E, Ringressi MN, Baldi S, Fani R, Tenori L, Taddei A, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A. From adenoma to CRC stages: the oral-gut microbiome axis as a source of potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers of malignancy. Neoplasia 2023; 40:100901. [PMID: 37058886 PMCID: PMC10130693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 95% of Colorectal cancers (CRC) consist of adenocarcinomas originating from colonic Adenomatous polyps (AP). Increasing importance in CRC occurrence and progression has been attributed to the gut microbiota; however, a huge proportion of microorganisms inhabit the human digestive system. So, to comprehensively study the microbial spatial variations and their role in CRC progression, from AP to the different CRC phases, a holistic vision is imperative, including the simultaneous evaluation of multiple niches from the gastrointestinal system. Through an integrated approach, we identified potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers, able to discriminate human CRC from AP and/or also the different Tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging. In addition, as the microbiota contributes to the production of essential metabolic products detectable in fecal samples, we analysed and compared metabolites obtained from CRC and AP patients by using a Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach. METHODS In this observational study, saliva, tissue and stool samples from 61 patients, have been collected, including 46 CRC and 15 AP patients, age and sex-matched, undergoing surgery in 2018 at the Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy). First, the microbiota in the three-district between CRC and AP patients has been characterized, as well as in different CRC TNM stages. Subsequently, proton NMR spectroscopy has been used in combination with multivariate and univariate statistical approaches, to define the fecal metabolic profile of a restricted group of CRC and AP patients. RESULTS CRC patients display a different profile of tissue and fecal microbiota with respect to AP patients. Significant differences have been observed in CRC tissue microbial clades, with a rise of the Fusobacterium genus. In addition, significant taxa increase at the genus level has been observed in stool samples of CRC patients. Furthermore, Fusobacterium found in intestinal tissue has been positively correlated with fecal Parvimonas, for the first time. Moreover, as predicted by metagenomics pathway analysis, a significant increase of lactate (p=0.037) has been observed in the CRC fecal metabolic profiles, and positively correlated with Bifidobacterium (p=0.036). Finally, minor bacterial differences in CRC patients at stage T2 (TNM classification) have been detected, with a raise of the Spirochaetota phylum in CRC samples, with a slight increase of the Alphaproteobacteria class in fecal samples. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the importance of microbiota communities and oncometabolites in CRC development. Further studies on CRC/AP management with a focus on CRC assessment are needed to investigate novel microbial-related diagnostic tools aimed to improve therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy..
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Qiu S, Cai Y, Yao H, Lin C, Xie Y, Tang S, Zhang A. Small molecule metabolites: discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:132. [PMID: 36941259 PMCID: PMC10026263 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities lead to the dysfunction of metabolic pathways and metabolite accumulation or deficiency which is well-recognized hallmarks of diseases. Metabolite signatures that have close proximity to subject's phenotypic informative dimension, are useful for predicting diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as well as monitoring treatments. The lack of early biomarkers could lead to poor diagnosis and serious outcomes. Therefore, noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring methods with high specificity and selectivity are desperately needed. Small molecule metabolites-based metabolomics has become a specialized tool for metabolic biomarker and pathway analysis, for revealing possible mechanisms of human various diseases and deciphering therapeutic potentials. It could help identify functional biomarkers related to phenotypic variation and delineate biochemical pathways changes as early indicators of pathological dysfunction and damage prior to disease development. Recently, scientists have established a large number of metabolic profiles to reveal the underlying mechanisms and metabolic networks for therapeutic target exploration in biomedicine. This review summarized the metabolic analysis on the potential value of small-molecule candidate metabolites as biomarkers with clinical events, which may lead to better diagnosis, prognosis, drug screening and treatment. We also discuss challenges that need to be addressed to fuel the next wave of breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qiu
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hong Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chunsheng Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Songqi Tang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Sugimoto M, Aizawa Y. Metabolomics Analysis of Blood, Urine, and Saliva Samples Based on Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2571:83-94. [PMID: 36152152 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2699-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is an ideal method for analyzing various metabolites in biological samples. CE-MS can simultaneously identify and quantify hundreds of charged metabolites using only two acquisition methods for positively and negatively charged metabolites. Furthermore, CE-MS is commonly used for analyzing biological samples to understand the pathology of diseases at the metabolic level and biofluid samples, such as blood and urine, to explore biomarkers. Here, we introduce a protocol that delineates the handling of clinical samples to ensure that the CE-MS analysis yields reproducible quantified data. We have focused on sample collection, storage, processing, and measurement. Although the implementation of rigorous standard operating protocols is preferred for enhancing the quality of the samples, various limitations in an actual clinical setting make it difficult to adhere to strict rules. Therefore, the effect of each process on the quantified metabolites needs to be evaluated to design a protocol with acceptable tolerances. Furthermore, quality controls and assessments to handle clinical samples are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Yumi Aizawa
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Implication of gut microbes and its metabolites in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:441-465. [PMID: 36572792 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer with a significant impact on loss of life. In 2020, nearly 1.9 million new cases and over 9,35,000 deaths were reported. Numerous microbes that are abundant in the human gut benefit host physiology in many ways. Although the underlying mechanism is still unknown, their association appears to be crucial in the beginning and progression of CRC. Diet has a significant impact on the microbial composition and may increase the chance of getting CRC. Increasing evidence points to the gut microbiota as the primary initiator of colonic inflammation, which is connected to the development of colonic tumors. However, it is unclear how the microbiota contributes to the development of CRCs. Patients with CRC have been found to have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which can be identified by a decline in commensal bacterial species, such as those that produce butyrate, and a concurrent increase in harmful bacterial populations, such as opportunistic pathogens that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. We believe that using probiotics or altering the gut microbiota will likely be effective tools in the fight against CRC treatment. PURPOSE In this review, we revisited the association between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer whether cause or effect. The various factors which influence gut microbiome in patients with CRC and possible mechanism in relation with development of CRC. CONCLUSION The clinical significance of the intestinal microbiota may aid in the prevention and management of CRC.
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Metabolomic Profiling of Plasma, Urine, and Saliva of Kidney Transplantation Recipients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213938. [PMID: 36430414 PMCID: PMC9695205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney biopsy is commonly used to diagnose kidney transplant dysfunction after transplantation. Therefore, the development of minimally invasive and quantitative methods to evaluate kidney function in transplant recipients is necessary. Here, we used capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry to analyze the biofluids collected from transplant recipients with impaired (Group I, n = 31) and stable (Group S, n = 19) kidney function and from donors (Group D, n = 9). Metabolomics analyses identified and quantified 97 metabolites in plasma, 133 metabolites in urine, and 108 metabolites in saliva. Multivariate analyses revealed apparent differences in the metabolomic profiles of the three groups. In plasma samples, arginine biosynthesis and purine metabolism between the I and S Groups differed. In addition, considerable differences in metabolomic profiles were observed between samples collected from participants with T cell-mediated rejection (TCR), antibody-mediated rejection, and other kidney disorders (KD). The metabolomic profiles in the three types of biofluids showed different patterns between TCR and KD, wherein 3-indoxyl sulfate showed a significant increase in TCR consistently in both plasma and urine samples. These results suggest that each biofluid has different metabolite features to evaluate kidney function after transplantation and that 3-indoxyl sulfate could predict acute rejection.
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Multi-Omics Approaches in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, Recent Updates and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225545. [PMID: 36428637 PMCID: PMC9688479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is common Cancer as well as the third leading cause of mortality around the world; its exact molecular mechanism remains elusive. Although CRC risk is significantly correlated with genetic factors, the pathophysiology of CRC is also influenced by external and internal exposures and their interactions with genetic factors. The field of CRC research has recently benefited from significant advances through Omics technologies for screening biomarkers, including genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites, microbiome, and lipidome unbiasedly. A promising application of omics technologies could enable new biomarkers to be found for the screening and diagnosis of CRC. Single-omics technologies cannot fully understand the molecular mechanisms of CRC. Therefore, this review article aims to summarize the multi-omics studies of Colorectal cancer, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics that may shed new light on the discovery of novel biomarkers. It can contribute to identifying and validating new CRC biomarkers and better understanding colorectal carcinogenesis. Discovering biomarkers through multi-omics technologies could be difficult but valuable for disease genotyping and phenotyping. That can provide a better knowledge of CRC prognosis, diagnosis, and treatments.
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Stewart TM, Foley JR, Holbert CE, Klinke G, Poschet G, Steimbach RR, Miller AK, Casero RA. Histone deacetylase-10 liberates spermidine to support polyamine homeostasis and tumor cell growth. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102407. [PMID: 35988653 PMCID: PMC9486564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic histone deacetylase-10 (HDAC10) specifically deacetylates the modified polyamine N8-acetylspermidine (N8-AcSpd). Although intracellular concentrations of N8-AcSpd are low, extracellular sources can be abundant, particularly in the colonic lumen. Extracellular polyamines, including those from the diet and microbiota, can support tumor growth both locally and at distant sites. However, the contribution of N8-AcSpd in this context is unknown. We hypothesized that HDAC10, by converting N8- AcSpd to spermidine, may provide a source of this growth-supporting polyamine in circumstances of reduced polyamine biosynthesis, such as in polyamine-targeting anticancer therapies. Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis, including α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), inhibit tumor growth, but compensatory uptake of extracellular polyamines has limited their clinical success. Combining DFMO with inhibitors of polyamine uptake have improved the antitumor response. However, acetylated polyamines may use different transport machinery than the parent molecules. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDAC10-knockout cell lines and HDAC10-specific inhibitors to investigate the contribution of HDAC10 in maintaining tumor cell proliferation. We demonstrate inhibition of cell growth by DFMO-associated polyamine depletion is successfully rescued by exogenous N8-AcSpd (at physiological concentrations), which is converted to spermidine and spermine, only in cell lines with HDAC10 activity. Furthermore, we show loss of HDAC10 prevents both restoration of polyamine levels and growth rescue, implicating HDAC10 in supporting polyamine-associated tumor growth. These data suggest the utility of HDAC10-specific inhibitors as an antitumor strategy that may have value in improving the response to polyamine-blocking therapies. Additionally, the cell-based assay developed in this study provides an inexpensive, high-throughput method of screening potentially selective HDAC10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cassandra E Holbert
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Glynis Klinke
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raphael R Steimbach
- Biosciences Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aubry K Miller
- Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Changes in Metabolism as a Diagnostic Tool for Lung Cancer: Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060545. [PMID: 35736478 PMCID: PMC9229104 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with five-year survival rates varying from 3–62%. Screening aims at early detection, but half of the patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, limiting therapeutic possibilities. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is an essential technique in lung cancer detection and staging, with a sensitivity reaching 96%. However, since elevated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake is not cancer-specific, PET-CT often fails to discriminate between malignant and non-malignant PET-positive hypermetabolic lesions, with a specificity of only 23%. Furthermore, discrimination between lung cancer types is still impossible without invasive procedures. High mortality and morbidity, low survival rates, and difficulties in early detection, staging, and typing of lung cancer motivate the search for biomarkers to improve the diagnostic process and life expectancy. Metabolomics has emerged as a valuable technique for these pitfalls. Over 150 metabolites have been associated with lung cancer, and several are consistent in their findings of alterations in specific metabolite concentrations. However, there is still more variability than consistency due to the lack of standardized patient cohorts and measurement protocols. This review summarizes the identified metabolic biomarkers for early diagnosis, staging, and typing and reinforces the need for biomarkers to predict disease progression and survival and to support treatment follow-up.
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Alorda-Clara M, Torrens-Mas M, Morla-Barcelo PM, Martinez-Bernabe T, Sastre-Serra J, Roca P, Pons DG, Oliver J, Reyes J. Use of Omics Technologies for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:817. [PMID: 35159084 PMCID: PMC8834235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with high mortality rates, especially when detected at later stages. Early detection of CRC can substantially raise the 5-year survival rate of patients, and different efforts are being put into developing enhanced CRC screening programs. Currently, the faecal immunochemical test with a follow-up colonoscopy is being implemented for CRC screening. However, there is still a medical need to describe biomarkers that help with CRC detection and monitor CRC patients. The use of omics techniques holds promise to detect new biomarkers for CRC. In this review, we discuss the use of omics in different types of samples, including breath, urine, stool, blood, bowel lavage fluid, or tumour tissue, and highlight some of the biomarkers that have been recently described with omics data. Finally, we also review the use of extracellular vesicles as an improved and promising instrument for biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alorda-Clara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Pere Miquel Morla-Barcelo
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Toni Martinez-Bernabe
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Reyes
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Illes Balears, Spain
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The Application of Metabolomics in Recent Colorectal Cancer Studies: A State-of-the-Art Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030725. [PMID: 35158992 PMCID: PMC8833341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States. Current diagnosis techniques are either highly invasive or lack sensitivity, suggesting the need for alternative techniques for biomarker detection. Metabolomics represents one such technique with great promise in identifying CRC biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, but thus far is rarely employed in a clinical setting. In order to provide a framework for future clinical usage, we characterized dysregulated metabolites across recent literature, identifying metabolites dysregulated across a variety of biospecimens. We additionally put special focus on the interplay of the gut microbiome and perturbed metabolites in CRC. We were able to identify many metabolites showing consistent dysregulation in CRC, demonstrating the value of metabolomics as a promising diagnostic technique. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent disease with poor prognostic outcomes if not diagnosed in early stages. Current diagnosis techniques are either highly invasive or lack sufficient sensitivity. Thus, identifying diagnostic biomarkers of CRC with high sensitivity and specificity is desirable. Metabolomics represents an analytical profiling technique with great promise in identifying such biomarkers and typically represents a close tie with the phenotype of a specific disease. We thus conducted a systematic review of studies reported from January 2012 to July 2021 relating to the detection of CRC biomarkers through metabolomics to provide a collection of knowledge for future diagnostic development. We identified thirty-seven metabolomics studies characterizing CRC, many of which provided metabolites/metabolic profile-based diagnostic models with high sensitivity and specificity. These studies demonstrated that a great number of metabolites can be differentially regulated in CRC patients compared to healthy controls, adenomatous polyps, or across stages of CRC. Among these metabolite biomarkers, especially dysregulated were certain amino acids, fatty acids, and lysophosphatidylcholines. Additionally, we discussed the contribution of the gut bacterial population to pathogenesis of CRC through their modulation to fecal metabolite pools and summarized the established links in the literature between certain microbial genera and altered metabolite levels in CRC patients. Taken together, we conclude that metabolomics presents itself as a promising and effective method of CRC biomarker detection.
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Validation of Urinary Charged Metabolite Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010059. [PMID: 35050180 PMCID: PMC8779129 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate and reanalyze urinary biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancers (CRCs). We previously conducted urinary metabolomic analyses using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and found a significant difference in various metabolites, especially polyamines, between patients with CRC and healthy controls (HC). We analyzed additional samples and confirmed consistency between the newly and previously analyzed data. In total, we included 36 HC, 34 adenoma (AD), and 214 CRC samples, which were used for subsequent analyses. Among the 132 quantified metabolites, 16 exhibited consistent differences in both datasets, which included polyamines, etc. Pathway analyses of the integrated data revealed significant differences in many metabolites, such as glutamine, and metabolites of the TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle) and urea cycles. The discrimination ability of the combination of multiple metabolites among the three groups was evaluated, which yielded higher sensitivity than tumor markers. The Mann–Whitney test was employed to evaluate the prognosis predictivity of the assessed metabolites and the difference between the patients with or without recurrence, which yielded 16 significantly different metabolites. Among these 16 metabolites, 11 presented significant prognosis predictivity. These data indicated the potential of metabolite-based discrimination of patients with CRC and AD from HC and prognosis predictivity of the monitored metabolites.
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Gao Z, Zhong W. Recent (2018-2020) development in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:115-130. [PMID: 33754195 PMCID: PMC7984737 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Development of new capillary electrophoresis (CE) methodology and instrumentation, as well as application of CE to solve new problems, remains an active research area because of the attractive features of CE compared to other separation techniques. In this review, we focus on the representative works about sample preconcentration, separation media or capillary coating development, detector construction, and multidimensional separation in CE, which are judiciously selected from the papers published in 2018-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Helena H, Ivona V, Roman Ř, František F. Current applications of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of biologically important analytes in urine (2017 to mid-2021): A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:305-324. [PMID: 34538010 PMCID: PMC9292318 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis coupled online with mass detection is a modern tool for analyzing wide ranges of compounds in complex samples, including urine. Capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry allows the separation and identification of various analytes spanning from small ions to high molecular weight protein complexes. Similarly to the much more common liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry techniques, the capillary electrophoresis separation reduces the complexity of the mixture of analytes entering the mass spectrometer resulting in reduced ion suppression and a more straightforward interpretation of the mass spectrometry data. This review summarizes capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry studies published between the years 2017 and 2021, aiming at the determination of various compounds excreted in urine. The properties of the urine, including its diagnostical and analytical features and chemical composition, are also discussed including general protocols for the urine sample preparation. The mechanism of the electrophoretic separation and the instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry coupling is also included. This review shows the potential of the capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry technique for the analyses of different kinds of analytes in a complex biological matrix. The discussed applications are divided into two main groups (capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for the determination of drugs and drugs of abuse in urine and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for the studies of urinary metabolome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrušková Helena
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Voráčová Ivona
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Řemínek Roman
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Foret František
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Quality Assessment of Untargeted Analytical Data in a Large-Scale Metabolomic Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091826. [PMID: 33922230 PMCID: PMC8122759 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale metabolomic studies have become common, and the reliability of the peak data produced by the various instruments is an important issue. However, less attention has been paid to the large number of uncharacterized peaks in untargeted metabolomics data. In this study, we tested various criteria to assess the reliability of 276 and 202 uncharacterized peaks that were detected in a gathered set of 30 plasma and urine quality control samples, respectively, using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS). The linear relationship between the amounts of pooled samples and the corresponding peak areas was one of the criteria used to select reliable peaks. We used samples from approximately 3000 participants in the Tsuruoka Metabolome Cohort Study to investigate patterns of the areas of these uncharacterized peaks among the samples and clustered the peaks by combining the patterns and differences in the migration times. Our assessment pipeline removed substantial numbers of unreliable or redundant peaks and detected 35 and 74 reliable uncharacterized peaks in plasma and urine, respectively, some of which may correspond to metabolites involved in important physiological processes such as disease progression. We propose that our assessment pipeline can be used to help establish large-scale untargeted clinical metabolomic studies.
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Aftabi Y, Soleymani J, Jouyban A. Efficacy of Analytical Technologies in Metabolomics Studies of the Gastrointestinal Cancers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1593-1605. [PMID: 33757389 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1901646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
According to the reports of the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, cancer is the second leading cause of human death worldwide. However, early-stage detection of cancers can efficiently enhance the chance of therapy and saving lives. Metabolomics strategies apply a variety of approaches to discover new potential diagnoses, prognoses, and/or therapeutic biomarkers of various diseases. Metabolomics aims to identify and measure different low-molecular-weight biomolecules in physiological environments. In these studies, special metabolites are extracted from biological samples and identified using analytical techniques. Afterward, using data processing programs discovering significantly associated biomarkers is pursued. In the present review, we aimed to discuss recently reported analytical approaches on the metabolomics studies of gastrointestinal cancers including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers. The gas- and liquid-chromatography with different detectors have been shown that are the main analytical techniques and for metabolites quantification, nuclear magnetic resonance has been utilized as a master method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Aftabi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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