1
|
Buscho SE, Xia F, Shi S, Lin JL, Szczesny B, Zhang W, Motamedi M, Liu H. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Retinal Vascular Alterations in a Mouse Model of Optic Neuritis Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Cells 2023; 12:2685. [PMID: 38067113 PMCID: PMC10705764 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic neuritis, a characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), involves the inflammation of the optic nerve and the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although previous studies suggest that retinal blood flow alterations occur during optic neuritis, the precise location, the degree of impairment, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we utilized two emerging non-invasive imaging techniques, laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), to investigate retinal vascular changes in a mouse model of MS, known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We associated these changes with leukostasis, RGC injury, and the overall progression of EAE. LSFG imaging revealed a progressive reduction in retinal blood flow velocity and increased vascular resistance near the optic nerve head in the EAE model, indicating impaired ocular blood flow. OCTA imaging demonstrated significant decreases in vessel density, number of junctions, and total vessel length in the intermediate and deep capillary plexus of the EAE mice. Furthermore, our analysis of leukostasis revealed a significant increase in adherent leukocytes in the retinal vasculature of the EAE mice, suggesting the occurrence of vascular inflammation in the early development of EAE pathology. The abovechanges preceded or were accompanied by the characteristic hallmarks of optic neuritis, such as RGC loss and reduced visual acuity. Overall, our study sheds light on the intricate relationship between retinal vascular alterations and the progression of optic neuritis as well as MS clinical score. It also highlights the potential for the development of image-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of optic neuritis as well as MS, particularly in response to emerging treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth E. Buscho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.E.B.); (F.X.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (B.S.); (W.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.E.B.); (F.X.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (B.S.); (W.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Shuizhen Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.E.B.); (F.X.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (B.S.); (W.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Jonathan L. Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.E.B.); (F.X.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (B.S.); (W.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.E.B.); (F.X.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (B.S.); (W.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.E.B.); (F.X.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (B.S.); (W.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.E.B.); (F.X.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (B.S.); (W.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (S.E.B.); (F.X.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (B.S.); (W.Z.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomita R, Iwase T. Visualization of Changes in Retinal Vascular Resistance Before and After Administration of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023; 54:550-551. [PMID: 37642414 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20230809-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
|
3
|
Gardiner SK, Cull G, Fortune B. Retinal Vessel Pulsatile Characteristics Associated With Vascular Stiffness Can Predict the Rate of Functional Progression in Glaucoma Suspects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:30. [PMID: 37335567 PMCID: PMC10284309 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.7.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tissue stiffening and alterations in retinal blood flow have both been suggested as causative mechanisms of glaucomatous damage. We tested the hypothesis that retinal blood vessels also stiffen, using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) to characterize vascular resistance. Methods In the longitudinal Portland Progression Project, 231 eyes of 124 subjects received LSFG scans of the optic nerve head (ONH) and automated perimetry every 6 months for six visits. Eyes were classified as either "glaucoma suspect" or "glaucoma" eyes based on the presence of functional loss on the first visit. Vascular resistance was quantified using the mean values of several instrument-defined parameterizations of the pulsatile waveform measured by LSFG, either in major vessels within the ONH (serving the retina) or in capillaries within ONH tissue, and age-adjusted using a separate group of 127 healthy eyes of 63 individuals. Parameters were compared against the severity and rate of change of functional loss using mean deviation (MD) over the six visits, within the two groups. Results Among 118 "glaucoma suspect" eyes (average MD, -0.4 dB; rate, -0.45 dB/y), higher vascular resistance was related to faster functional loss, but not current severity of loss. Parameters measured in major vessels were stronger predictors of rate than parameters measured in tissue. Among 113 "glaucoma" eyes (average MD, -4.3 dB; rate, -0.53 dB/y), higher vascular resistance was related to more severe current loss but not rate of loss. Conclusions Higher retinal vascular resistance and, by likely implication, stiffer retinal vessels were associated with more rapid functional loss in eyes without significant existing loss at baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant Cull
- Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Brad Fortune
- Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Okamoto K, Takahashi N, Kobayashi T, Shiba T, Hori Y, Fujii H. Novel superpixel method to visualize fundus blood flow resistivity in healthy adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6171. [PMID: 37061579 PMCID: PMC10105763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to perform superpixel segmentation of ocular blood flow maps obtained using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and investigate the effects of systemic parameters such as body weight, height, and sex on ocular blood flow resistivity. We studied 757 healthy participants (583 men, 174 women). We calculated the average beat strength over mean blur rate (BOM) as a LSFG resistivity index, as a function of age and sex using ordinary regions of interest (ROI) centered on the optic nerve head (ONH), the retinal vessels region and tissue around the ONH, and the choroid (CHD). We compared the ROI and superpixel-based methods, which are segmented based on image processing, for calculating the BOM. The sex differences in the BOM for the ONH, retinal-vessels region and tissue region of the ONH and CHD were significant for individuals aged ≤ 50 years (P < 0.01) but not those > 50 years old (P > 0.05). The average BOMs calculated using the ROI and superpixel methods were strongly correlated in the ONH (coefficient = 0.87, R2 = 0.8, P < 0.0001, n = 5465). In summary, a superpixel-segmented BOM map is suitable for two-dimensional visualization of ocular blood flow resistivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatsuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujii
- Softcare Co., Ltd., Fukutsu, Japan
- Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Terao R, Fujino R, Ahmed T. Risk Factors and Treatment Strategy for Retinal Vascular Occlusive Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6340. [PMID: 36362567 PMCID: PMC9656338 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal occlusive diseases are common diseases that can lead to visual impairment. Retinal artery occlusion and retinal vein occlusion are included in the clinical entity, but they have quite different pathophysiologies. Retinal artery occlusion is an emergent eye disorder. Retinal artery occlusion is mainly caused by thromboembolism, which frequently occurs in conjunction with life-threatening stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, prompt examinations and interventions for systemic vascular diseases are often necessary for these patients. Retinal vein occlusion is characterized by retinal hemorrhage and ischemia, which may impair visual function via several complications such as macular edema, macular ischemia, vitreous hemorrhage, and neovascular glaucoma. Even though anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is the current established first-line of treatment for retinal vein occlusion, several clinical studies have been performed to identify better treatment protocols and new therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize the current findings and advances in knowledge regarding retinal occlusive diseases, particularly focusing on recent studies, in order to provide an update for a better understanding of its pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryosuke Fujino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tazbir Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mushiga Y, Nagai N, Ozawa Y. Retinal circulation time/arm-to-retina time ratio in the fluorescein angiography to evaluate retina-specific hemodynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17457. [PMID: 36261478 PMCID: PMC9581933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate dynamic circulatory flow in the retinal or choroidal circulatory disease, we retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 128 eyes of 128 patients who underwent video recorded fluorescein angiography (FA), at Department of Ophthalmology, St Luke's International Hospital, between April and September 2020. Mean age was 64.2 ± 14.0 (range 37-93) years, and 87 (67.9%) patients were men. Mean arm-to-retina (AR) time was 16.2 ± 4.1 s, and mean retinal circulation (RC) time was 10.9 ± 3.3 s. Mean RC time/AR time (RC/AR) ratio was 0.69 ± 0.22. AR time was correlated with age, whereas RC time was not. RC time was positively correlated with AR time (R = 0.360, P = 0.017). Moreover, mean RC time was significantly longer, and RC/AR ratio was greater, in the retinal-disease group after adjusting for age and sex. Patients who had an RC/AR ratio ≥ 0.8 more frequently presented with retinal diseases. RC time and RC/AR ratio were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure only in the retinal-disease group. Given that AR time reflects systemic hemodynamics, RC time, which reflects local circulatory fluency, was influenced by the systemic circulatory condition. Moreover, RC/AR ratio revealed that circulatory changes peculiar to the retina may also be involved in retinal-disease pathogenesis. This study may help elucidate the mechanisms of retinal diseases and assist in diagnosis, although further studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Mushiga
- grid.430395.8Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560 Japan ,grid.419588.90000 0001 0318 6320St. Luke’s International University, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Norihiro Nagai
- grid.430395.8Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560 Japan ,grid.419588.90000 0001 0318 6320St. Luke’s International University, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- grid.430395.8Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560 Japan ,grid.419588.90000 0001 0318 6320St. Luke’s International University, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Characteristics of laterality in the optic nerve head microcirculation obtained by laser speckle flowgraphy in healthy subjects. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:2799-2805. [PMID: 35298697 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the characteristics of the laterality of the ocular microcirculation parameters obtained from laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in the optic nerve head (ONH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS We reanalyzed a total of 240 healthy subjects (169 men, 71 women) who had participated in a medical checkup program. We analyzed the average mean blur rate (MBR), maximum MBR (Max-MBR), minimum MBR (Min-MBR), and area ratio of the blood stream (ARBS). As the pulse waveform parameters, we also calculated the skew, blowout score (BOS), blowout time (BOT), rising rate, falling rate, flow acceleration index (FAI), acceleration time index (ATI), resistivity index (RI), and beat strength over MBR (BOM). All parameters were compared between left and right eyes. RESULTS MBR-average, MBR-Max, MBR-Min, ARBS, skew, BOT, rising rate, falling rate, FAI, ATI, and ARBS did not differ significantly between the right and left eyes. The BOS in the right eyes was significantly lower than that of the left eyes, and the RI and BS in the right eyes were significantly higher than those of the left eyes. Similarly, for the whole of the ONH, the BOS in the tissue area (Tissue) and in the vessel area (Vessel) of the right eyes were significantly lower than those of the left eyes, and RI-Tissue, RI-Vessel, BOM-Tissue, and BOM-Vessel in the right eyes were significantly higher than those of the left eyes. CONCLUSION By using LSFG, we observed laterality of the BOS, RI, and BOM, all of which are pulse wave form parameters in the ONH.
Collapse
|