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Imperi M, Gherardi G, Alfarone G, Creti R. Group B Streptococcus Infections in Non-Pregnant Adults, Italy, 2015-2019. Pathogens 2024; 13:807. [PMID: 39338998 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) is a pathogen of increasing importance in adults. Severe and invasive cases in non-pregnant adults were collected during the period 2015-2019 by voluntary-based surveillance. In total, 108 GBS strains were phenotypically and genotypically characterized for the serotype, antimicrobial resistance, pili, surface protein genes, and the hyper-virulent adhesin hvgA. Patients were divided into two age groups: adults (18-64 years; n = 32) and older adults (≥65 years; n = 72). The average age was 70.8 years, with a male/female ratio of 1.7. Most isolates were recovered from cases of bacteremia (blood, n = 93), and a higher frequency of invasive GBS infections (iGBS) was found among older adults (66.7%). Serotype III was the most frequent (n = 41, 38%), followed by type Ia and type V (n = 20 each, 18.5%). Serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V accounted for all but one isolates (99.1%). The iGBS isolates were universally susceptible to penicillin, while the prevalence of resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and high-level gentamicin resistance was 26.8%, 24.1%, 85.2%, and 5.5%, respectively, with the predominance of the erm(B) gene for macrolide resistance and the tet(M) gene for tetracycline resistance. The associations between the serotypes/antimicrobial resistance/virulence traits underlined the increasing importance of serotype III and its contribution to antimicrobial resistance as well as the steady increase over time of serotype IV. This nationwide study confirmed the need for monitoring the GBS epidemiology in non-pregnant adults through continuous surveillance of GBS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Imperi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Antibiotic Resistance and Special Pathogens Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gherardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Antibiotic Resistance and Special Pathogens Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Alfarone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Antibiotic Resistance and Special Pathogens Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Creti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Antibiotic Resistance and Special Pathogens Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Sim PJW, Li Z, Aung AH, Coia JE, Chen M, Nielsen SL, Jensen TG, Møller JK, Dessau RB, Póvoa P, Gradel KO, Chow A. Comparative epidemiology of bacteraemia in two ageing populations: Singapore and Denmark. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e74. [PMID: 38682588 PMCID: PMC11094380 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Burden of bacteraemia is rising due to increased average life expectancy in developed countries. This study aimed to compare the epidemiology and outcomes of bacteraemia in two similarly ageing populations with different ethnicities in Singapore and Denmark. Historical cohorts from the second largest acute-care hospital in Singapore and in the hospitals of two Danish regions included patients aged 15 and above who were admitted from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2016 with at least 1 day of hospital stay and a pathogenic organism identified. Among 13 144 and 39 073 bacteraemia patients from Singapore and Denmark, similar 30-day mortality rates (16.5%; 20.3%), length of hospital stay (median 14 (IQR: 9-28) days; 11 (6-21)), and admission rate to ICU (15.5%; 15.6%) were observed, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus ranked among the top four in both countries. However, Singaporeans had a higher proportion of patients with diabetes (46.8%) and renal disease (29.5%) than the Danes (28.0% and 13.7%, respectively), whilst the Danes had a higher proportion of patients with chronic pulmonary disease (18.0%) and malignancy (35.3%) than Singaporeans (9.7% and 16.2%, respectively). Our study showed that top four causative organisms and clinical outcomes were similar between the two cohorts despite pre-existing comorbidities differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jian Wei Sim
- Department of Preventive and Population Medicine, Office of Clinical Epidemiology, Analytics, and Knowledge (OCEAN), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Zongbin Li
- Department of Preventive and Population Medicine, Office of Clinical Epidemiology, Analytics, and Knowledge (OCEAN), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Aung Hein Aung
- Department of Preventive and Population Medicine, Office of Clinical Epidemiology, Analytics, and Knowledge (OCEAN), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - John Eugenio Coia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Esbjerg Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Stig Lønberg Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Thøger Gorm Jensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjølseth Møller
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Ram Benny Dessau
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Pedro Póvoa
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- The Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, CHLO, Estrada do Forte do Alto do Duque, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Oren Gradel
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Angela Chow
- Department of Preventive and Population Medicine, Office of Clinical Epidemiology, Analytics, and Knowledge (OCEAN), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Research and Training Office, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Dec M, Zomer A, Webster J, Nowak T, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Urban-Chmiel R. Integrative and Conjugative Elements and Prophage DNA as Carriers of Resistance Genes in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains from Domestic Geese in Poland. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4638. [PMID: 38731857 PMCID: PMC11083093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Goose erysipelas is a serious problem in waterfowl breeding in Poland. However, knowledge of the characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains causing this disease is limited. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of four E. rhusiopathiae strains from domestic geese were determined, and their whole-genome sequences (WGSs) were analyzed to detect resistance genes, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and prophage DNA. Sequence type and the presence of resistance genes and transposons were compared with 363 publicly available E. rhusiopathiae strains, as well as 13 strains of other Erysipelothrix species. Four strains tested represented serotypes 2 and 5 and the MLST groups ST 4, 32, 242, and 243. Their assembled circular genomes ranged from 1.8 to 1.9 kb with a GC content of 36-37%; a small plasmid was detected in strain 1023. Strains 1023 and 267 were multidrug-resistant. The resistance genes detected in the genome of strain 1023 were erm47, tetM, and lsaE-lnuB-ant(6)-Ia-spw cluster, while strain 267 contained the tetM and ermB genes. Mutations in the gyrA gene were detected in both strains. The tetM gene was embedded in a Tn916-like transposon, which in strain 1023, together with the other resistance genes, was located on a large integrative and conjugative-like element of 130 kb designated as ICEEr1023. A minor integrative element of 74 kb was identified in strain 1012 (ICEEr1012). This work contributes to knowledge about the characteristics of E. rhusiopathiae bacteria and, for the first time, reveals the occurrence of erm47 and ermB resistance genes in strains of this species. Phage infection appears to be responsible for the introduction of the ermB gene into the genome of strain 267, while ICEs most likely play a key role in the spread of the other resistance genes identified in E. rhusiopathiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (R.U.-C.)
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinaty Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John Webster
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, PMB 4008, Narellan, NSW 2570, Australia;
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Diagnostic Veterinary Laboratory “Vet-Lab Brudzew Dr. Piotr Kwieciński”, 62-720 Brudzew, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (R.U.-C.)
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (R.U.-C.)
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Schar D, Zhang Z, Pires J, Vrancken B, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Ip M, Gilbert M, Van Boeckel T, Dellicour S. Dispersal history and bidirectional human-fish host switching of invasive, hypervirulent Streptococcus agalactiae sequence type 283. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002454. [PMID: 37856430 PMCID: PMC10586614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Human group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections attributable to an invasive, hypervirulent sequence type (ST) 283 have been associated with freshwater fish consumption in Asia. The origin, geographic dispersion pathways and host transitions of GBS ST283 remain unresolved. We gather 328 ST283 isolate whole-genome sequences collected from humans and fish between 1998 and 2021, representing eleven countries across four continents. We apply Bayesian phylogeographic analyses to reconstruct the dispersal history of ST283 and combine ST283 phylogenies with genetic markers and host association to investigate host switching and the gain and loss of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes. Initial dispersal within Asia followed ST283 emergence in the early 1980s, with Singapore, Thailand and Hong Kong observed as early transmission hubs. Subsequent intercontinental dispersal originating from Vietnam began in the decade commencing 2001, demonstrating ST283 holds potential to expand geographically. Furthermore, we observe bidirectional host switching, with the detection of more frequent human-to-fish than fish-to-human transitions, suggesting that sound wastewater management, hygiene and sanitation may help to interrupt chains of transmission between hosts. We also show that antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes were lost more frequently than gained across the evolutionary history of ST283. Our findings highlight the need for enhanced surveillance, clinical awareness, and targeted risk mitigation to limit transmission and reduce the impact of an emerging pathogen associated with a high-growth aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schar
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Joao Pires
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bram Vrancken
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Marius Gilbert
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Boeckel
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Diseases Dynamics, Economics, and Policy, New Delhi, India
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sirimanapong W, Phước NN, Crestani C, Chen S, Zadoks RN. Geographical, Temporal and Host-Species Distribution of Potentially Human-Pathogenic Group B Streptococcus in Aquaculture Species in Southeast Asia. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040525. [PMID: 37111411 PMCID: PMC10146238 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major pathogen of humans and aquatic species. Fish have recently been recognized as the source of severe invasive foodborne GBS disease, caused by sequence type (ST) 283, in otherwise healthy adults in Southeast Asia. Thailand and Vietnam are among the major aquaculture producers in Southeast Asia, with GBS disease reported in fish as well as frogs in both countries. Still, the distribution of potentially human-pathogenic GBS in aquaculture species is poorly known. Using 35 GBS isolates from aquatic species in Thailand collected from 2007 to 2019 and 43 isolates from tilapia collected in Vietnam in 2018 and 2019, we have demonstrated that the temporal, geographical, and host-species distribution of GBS ST283 is broader than previously known, whereas the distribution of ST7 and the poikilothermic lineage of GBS are geographically restricted. The gene encoding the human GBS virulence factor C5a peptidase, scpB, was detected in aquatic ST283 from Thailand but not in ST283 from Vietnam or in ST7 from either country, mirroring current reports of GBS strains associated with human sepsis. The observed distribution of strains and virulence genes is likely to reflect a combination of spill-over, host adaptation through the gain and loss of mobile genetic elements, and current biosecurity practices. The plastic nature of the GBS genome and its importance as a human, aquatic, and potentially foodborne pathogen suggests that active surveillance of GBS presence and its evolution in aquaculture systems may be justified.
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Boonsilp S, Nealiga MJ, Wangchuk K, Homkaew A, Wongsuk T, Thuncharoon H, Suksomchit P, Wasipraphai D, Chaturongakul S, Dubbs P. Differential Interaction between Invasive Thai Group B Streptococcus Sequence Type 283 and Caco-2 Cells. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101917. [PMID: 36296194 PMCID: PMC9611625 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence in Southeast Asia of invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections in adults by sequence type (ST) 283 is suggested to be associated with fish consumption. Genotyping of 55 GBS clinical isolates revealed that 33/44 invasive isolates belonged to ST283/capsular polysaccharide type (CPS) III. This included 15/16 isolates recovered from younger adults aged 16–36 years. Seven ST283/CPSIII isolates from the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or joint fluid were selected by the patient’s age at random to perform interaction studies with intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers. The invasion efficiency profiles from this study classified these isolates into two groups; a higher invasion efficiency group 1 recovered from patients aged between 23 and 36 years, and a lower invasion efficiency group 2 recovered from the elderly and neonate. Intracellular survival tests revealed that only group 1 members could survive inside Caco-2 cells up to 32 h without replication. Additionally, all isolates tested were able to traverse across polarized Caco-2 monolayers. However, the timing of translocation varied among the isolates. These results indicated the potential of GBS invasion via the gastrointestinal tract and showed phenotypic variations in invasiveness, intracellular survival, and translocation efficiency between genetically closely related ST283 isolates infecting young adults and those infecting the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriphan Boonsilp
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Marea Jikka Nealiga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kinley Wangchuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Homkaew
- Microbiological Unit, Central Laboratory and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Thanwa Wongsuk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | | | - Paveesuda Suksomchit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Daranee Wasipraphai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Padungsri Dubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center for Emerging Bacterial Infections, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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An Application of Real-Time PCR and CDC Protocol May Significantly Reduce the Incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae Infections among Neonates. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091064. [PMID: 36145496 PMCID: PMC9502553 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is an important human opportunistic pathogen, especially infectious for pregnant women and neonates. This pathogen belongs to beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. representatives and accounts for a significant part of early infections in newborns, including serious life-threatening infections. This research investigated the usefulness of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protocol for S. agalactiae DNA detection in 250 samples of recto-vaginal swabs collected from pregnant women (at 35-37 weeks of gestation) and pre-cultured overnight in liquid medium. With an application of the CDC protocol-based real-time PCR, the cfb gene was detected in 68 (27.2%) samples compared to 41 (16.4%) for the standard culture-based methodology. The applied molecular method presented high sensitivity (100.0%) and specificity (87.1%). Therefore, it allowed for more precise detection of S. agalactiae bacteria, compared to the reference diagnostic method, culture on solid media with the following strain identification. The increased sensitivity of GBS detection may result in a reduced number of infections in newborns and leads to more targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis therapy of GBS infections in pregnant women. In addition, the use of the molecular method allows for a significant reduction in the time needed to obtain a result for GBS detection, and interpretation of the results is relatively simple. Therefore, it enables a faster intervention in case of a necessity of an antibiotic therapy introduction in pregnant women whose GBS status is unknown at the time of delivery.
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