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Wang Y, Yan Q, Shi Y, Long M. Copper Toxicity in Animals: A Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04345-8. [PMID: 39167307 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element in animals and humans. However, excessive intake of copper can cause copper ions to accumulate in tissues and organs of animals, leading to copper toxicity. Copper ions induce apoptosis and autophagy through oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, copper induces cell death by targeting lipoylated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycling proteins, termed cuproptosis. In recent years, copper cytotoxicity studies have attracted attention. In addition, the number of cases of copper toxicity in animals has been increasing over the past years due to environmental pollution and overdose from copper feed supplements. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of copper toxicity and the metabolism of copper ions can aid in devising strategies for preventing copper toxicity. This review introduces the tissue and organ toxicity and cytotoxicity caused by copper toxicity and reviews the metabolism of copper ions in tissues, organs, and cells. The paper also reviews the clinical cases and animal experiments of copper toxicity in recent years. Finally, the preventive and curative measures for copper toxicity and the future challenges are also discussed. The general objective of this paper is to provide a reliable reference for copper toxicity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qiushi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Hashim AR, Bashir DW, Rashad E, Galal MK, Rashad MM, Deraz NM, Drweesh EA, El-Gharbawy SM. Alleviative effect of betaine against copper oxide nanoparticles-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats: histopathological, biochemical, and molecular studies. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2024; 13:47. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-024-00505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) have gained interest due to their availability, efficiency, and their cost-effectiveness. Betaine is an essential methyl donor and takes part in various physiological activities inside the body; it is found to have protective and curative effects against various liver diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic effect of CuO-NPs on adult male albino rats and the ability of betaine to alleviate such hepatotoxicity.
Methods
Forty adult male albino Wister rats were grouped into 4 groups (10 rats/group): group I a negative control, group II (CuO-NPs) injected with CuO-NPs intra peritoneal by insulin needle (0.5 mg/kg/day), group III (betaine + CuO-NPs) administered betaine orally by gavage needle (250 mg/kg/day 1 h before CuO-NPs) and CuO-NPs (0.5 mg/kg/day) finally, group IV (betaine) administered betaine orally by gavage needle (250 mg/kg/day) for consecutive 28 days. Blood and liver samples were gathered and processed for biochemical, molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations.
Results
Group II displayed a marked rise in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, there is an excessive upregulation of the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). On the other hand, substantial reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels and significant downregulation at glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA gene expression. Regarding the histopathological deviations, there were severe congestion, dilatation and hyalinization of blood vessels, steatosis, hydropic degeneration, hepatocytic necrosis, increased binucleation, degenerated bile ducts, hyperplasia of ducts epithelial lining, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Immunohistochemically, there was a pronounced immunoreactivity toward IL-1β. Luckily, the pre-administration of betaine was able to mitigate these changes. MDA was dramatically reduced, resulting in the downregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α. Additionally, there was a considerable rise in GSH levels and an upregulation of GPx. Histopathological deviations were substantially improved as diminished dilatation, hyalinization and congestion of blood vessels, hepatocytes, and bile ducts are normal to some extent. In addition, IL-1β immunohistochemical analysis revealed marked decreased intensity.
Conclusion
Betaine can effectively reduce the hepatotoxicity caused by CuO-NPs via its antioxidant properties and its ability to stimulate the cell redox system.
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Yu VK, Sycheva YS, Kairanbayeva GK, Dembitsky VM, Balabekova MK, Tokusheva AN, Seilkhanov TM, Zharkynbek TY, Balapanova AK, Tassibekov KS. Naphthaleneoxypropargyl-Containing Piperazine as a Regulator of Effector Immune Cell Populations upon an Aseptic Inflammation. Molecules 2023; 28:7023. [PMID: 37894502 PMCID: PMC10608911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of aseptic inflammation and heavy metal exposure on immune responses, as well as the potential immunomodulatory properties of the newly synthesized 1-[1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(naphthalene-1-yloxy)but-2-ynyl]-4-methylpiperazine complexed with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Aseptic inflammation was induced by a subcutaneous injection of turpentine in rats, while heavy metal exposure was achieved through a daily administration of cadmium chloride and lead acetate. The levels of immune cell populations, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), monocytes, and granulocytes, were assessed in the spleen. The results showed that aseptic inflammation led to decreased levels of CTL, monocytes, and granulocytes on the 14th day, indicating an inflammatory response accompanied by a migration of effector cells to the inflamed tissues. The exposure to cadmium chloride and lead acetate resulted in systemic immunotoxic effects, with reduced levels of B cells, CD4+ Th cells, monocytes, and granulocytes in the spleen. Notably, piperazine complexed with β-CD (the complex) exhibited significant stimulatory effects on CD4+, CD8+, and myeloid cell populations during aseptic inflammation, even in the presence of heavy metal exposure. These findings suggest the potential immunomodulatory properties of the complex in the context of aseptic inflammation and heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina K. Yu
- A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, 106 Sh. Ualikhanov St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.S.); (T.Y.Z.); (K.S.T.)
| | - Yelena S. Sycheva
- A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, 106 Sh. Ualikhanov St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.S.); (T.Y.Z.); (K.S.T.)
| | - Gulgul K. Kairanbayeva
- Pathological Physiology Department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole-bi St., Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (G.K.K.); (M.K.B.); (A.N.T.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Marina K. Balabekova
- Pathological Physiology Department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole-bi St., Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (G.K.K.); (M.K.B.); (A.N.T.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Aliya N. Tokusheva
- Pathological Physiology Department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole-bi St., Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (G.K.K.); (M.K.B.); (A.N.T.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Tulegen M. Seilkhanov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile NMR Spectroscopy, Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, 76 Abai St., Kokshetau 020000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Tolganay Y. Zharkynbek
- A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, 106 Sh. Ualikhanov St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.S.); (T.Y.Z.); (K.S.T.)
| | - Anar Kh. Balapanova
- Pathological Physiology Department, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole-bi St., Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (G.K.K.); (M.K.B.); (A.N.T.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Khaidar S. Tassibekov
- A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, 106 Sh. Ualikhanov St., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.S.); (T.Y.Z.); (K.S.T.)
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