1
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Selloni A. Aqueous Titania Interfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:47-65. [PMID: 38271659 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090722-015957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Water-metal oxide interfaces are central to many phenomena and applications, ranging from material corrosion and dissolution to photoelectrochemistry and bioengineering. In particular, the discovery of photocatalytic water splitting on TiO2 has motivated intensive studies of water-TiO2 interfaces for decades. So far, a broad understanding of the interaction of water vapor with several TiO2 surfaces has been obtained. However, much less is known about liquid water-TiO2 interfaces, which are more relevant to many practical applications. Probing these complex systems at the molecular level is experimentally challenging and is sometimes possible only through computational studies. This review summarizes recent advances in the atomistic understanding, mostly through computational simulations, of the structure and dynamics of interfacial water on TiO2 surfaces. The main focus is on the nature, molecular or dissociated, of water in direct contact with low-index defect-free crystalline surfaces. The hydroxyls resulting from water dissociation are essential in the photooxidation of water and critically affect the surface chemistry of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Selloni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA;
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2
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Cuk T. Phenomenology of Intermediate Molecular Dynamics at Metal-Oxide Interfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:457-481. [PMID: 38941530 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-062123-022921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Reaction intermediates buried within a solid-liquid interface are difficult targets for physiochemical measurements. They are inherently molecular and locally dynamic, while their surroundings are extended by a periodic lattice on one side and the solvent dielectric on the other. Challenges compound on a metal-oxide surface of varied sites and especially so at its aqueous interface of many prominent reactions. Recently, phenomenological theory coupled with optical spectroscopy has become a more prominent tool for isolating the intermediates and their molecular dynamics. The following article reviews three examples of the SrTiO3-aqueous interface subject to the oxygen evolution from water: reaction-dependent component analyses of time-resolved intermediates, a Fano resonance of a mode at the metal-oxide-water interface, and reaction isotherms of metastable intermediates. The phenomenology uses parameters to encase what is unknown at a microscopic level to then circumscribe the clear and macroscopically tuned trends seen in the spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Cuk
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA;
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3
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Stewart J, Zayka P, Courter C, Cuk T. Formation of the oxyl's potential energy surface by the spectral kinetics of a vibrational mode. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164202. [PMID: 38682740 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most reactive intermediates for oxidative reactions is the oxyl radical, an electron-deficient oxygen atom. The discovery of a new vibration upon photoexcitation of the oxygen evolution catalysis detected the oxyl radical at the SrTiO3 surface. The vibration was assigned to a motion of the sub-surface oxygen underneath the titanium oxyl (Ti-O●-) created upon hole transfer to (or electron extraction from) a hydroxylated surface site. Evidence for such an interfacial mode is derived from its spectral shape, which exhibited a Fano resonance-a coupling of a sharp normal mode to continuum excitations. Here, this Fano resonance is utilized to derive precise formation kinetics of the oxyl radical and its associated potential energy surface (PES). From the Fano lineshape, the formation kinetics are obtained from the anti-resonance (the kinetics of the coupling factor), the resonance (the kinetics of the coupled continuum excitations), and the frequency integrated spectrum (the kinetics of the normal mode's cross-section). All three perspectives yield logistic function growth with a half-rise of 2.3 ± 0.3 ps and a time constant of 0.48 ± 0.09 ps. A non-equilibrium transient associated with photoexcitation is separated from the rise of the equilibrated PES. The logistic function characterizes the oxyl coverage at the very initial stages (t ∼ 0) to have an exponential growth rate that quickly decreases toward zero as a limiting coverage is reached. Such time-dependent reaction kinetics identify a dynamic activation barrier associated with the formation of a PES and quantify it for oxyl radical coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Paul Zayka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Christen Courter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Tanja Cuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
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4
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Zheng L, Cao M, Du Y, Liu Q, Emran MY, Kotb A, Sun M, Ma CB, Zhou M. Artificial enzyme innovations in electrochemical devices: advancing wearable and portable sensing technologies. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:44-60. [PMID: 38053393 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid evolution of sensing technologies, the integration of nanoscale catalysts, particularly those mimicking enzymatic functions, into electrochemical devices has surfaced as a pivotal advancement. These catalysts, dubbed artificial enzymes, embody a blend of heightened sensitivity, selectivity, and durability, laying the groundwork for innovative applications in real-time health monitoring and environmental detection. This minireview penetrates into the fundamental principles of electrochemical sensing, elucidating the unique attributes that establish artificial enzymes as foundational elements in this field. We spotlight a range of innovations where these catalysts have been proficiently incorporated into wearable and portable platforms. Navigating the pathway of amalgamating these nanoscale wonders into consumer-appealing devices presents a multitude of challenges; nevertheless, the progress made thus far signals a promising trajectory. As the intersection of materials science, biochemistry, and electronics progressively intensifies, a flourishing future seems imminent for artificial enzyme-infused electrochemical devices, with the potential to redefine the landscapes of wearable health diagnostics and portable sensing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Mengzhu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Mohammed Y Emran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kotb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mimi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Chong-Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
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5
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Li D, Wei R, Sun F, Cheng Z, Yin H, Fan F, Wang X, Li C. Determining the Transformation Kinetics of Water Oxidation Intermediates on Hematite Photoanode. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8069-8076. [PMID: 37656051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from water is a sequential oxidation reaction process, involved in transformation of multiple reaction intermediates. For photo(electro)catalytic OER, revealing the intermediates transformation kinetics is quite challenging due to its coupling with photogenerated charge dynamics. Herein, we specifically study the transformation kinetics of the OER intermediates in rationally thin hematite photoanodes through increasing the ratio between surface intermediates and photogenerated charges in bulk. We directly identify the formation and consumption kinetics of one-hole OER intermediate (FeIV═O) in photoelectrochemical water oxidation using operando transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The microsecond formation kinetics of the FeIV═O species are sensitively changed by the excitation mode of Fe2O3. The subsecond consumption kinetics are closely dependent on surface FeIV═O species density, demonstrating that the cooperation of FeIV═O intermediates is the key to accelerating water oxidation kinetics on the Fe2O3 surface. This work provides insight into understanding and controlling water oxidation reaction kinetics on Fe2O3 surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruifang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fusai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Hu Q, Huang Y, Yu X, Gong S, Wen Y, Liu Y, Li G, Zhang Q, Ye R, Chen X. Ultrafast Hole Transfer in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Imide Enabling Efficient H 2O 2 Photoproduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42611-42621. [PMID: 37643590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven photocatalysis is a promising approach for renewable energy application. H2O2 photocatalysis by metal-free graphitic carbon nitride has been gaining attention. Compared with traditional thermal catalysis, metal-free graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysis could lower material cost and achieve greener production of H2O2. Also, to better guide photocatalyst design, a fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism is needed. Here, we develop a series of model cost-effective metal-free H2O2 photocatalysts made from graphitic carbon nitride (melem) and common imide groups. With 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA)-modified g-C3N4, a H2O2 yield rate of 10781 μmol/h·g·L could be achieved. Transient absorption and ex situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements revealed an ultrafast charge transfer from the melem core to water with ∼3 ps to form unique N-OH intermediates. The electron withdrawing ability of the anhydride group plays a role in governing the rate of electron transfer, ensuring efficient charge separation. Our strategy represents a new way to achieve a low material cost, simple synthesizing strategy, good environment impact, and high H2O2 production for renewable energy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Hu
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemeng Yu
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaokuan Gong
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Wen
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xihan Chen
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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7
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Liu T, Li W, Wang DZ, Luo T, Fei M, Shin D, Waegele MM, Wang D. Low Catalyst Loading Enhances Charge Accumulation for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307909. [PMID: 37382150 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Solar water oxidation is a critical step in artificial photosynthesis. Successful completion of the process requires four holes and releases four protons. It depends on the consecutive accumulation of charges at the active site. While recent research has shown an obvious dependence of the reaction kinetics on the hole concentrations on the surface of heterogeneous (photo)electrodes, little is known about how the catalyst density impacts the reaction rate. Using atomically dispersed Ir catalysts on hematite, we report a study on how the interplay between the catalyst density and the surface hole concentration influences the reaction kinetics. At low photon flux, where surface hole concentrations are low, faster charge transfer was observed on photoelectrodes with low catalyst density compared to high catalyst density; at high photon flux and high applied potentials, where surface hole concentrations are moderate or high, slower surface charge recombination was afforded by low-density catalysts. The results support that charge transfer between the light absorber and the catalyst is reversible; they reveal the unexpected benefits of low-density catalyst loading in facilitating forward charge transfer for desired chemical reactions. It is implied that for practical solar water splitting devices, a suitable catalyst loading is important for maximized performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - David Z Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Tongtong Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Muchun Fei
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Dongyoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Matthias M Waegele
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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8
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Zhang H, Liu T, Dulock N, Williams BP, Wang Y, Chen B, Wikar H, Wang DZ, Brudvig GW, Wang D, Waegele MM. Atomically dispersed Ir catalysts exhibit support-dependent water oxidation kinetics during photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6601-6607. [PMID: 37350819 PMCID: PMC10283500 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00603d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous water oxidation catalysis is central to the development of renewable energy technologies. Recent research has suggested that the reaction mechanisms are sensitive to the hole density at the active sites. However, these previous results were obtained on catalysts of different materials featuring distinct active sites, making it difficult to discriminate between competing explanations. Here, a comparison study based on heterogenized dinuclear Ir catalysts (Ir-DHC), which feature the same type of active site on different supports, is reported. The prototypical reaction was water oxidation triggered by pulsed irradiation of suspensions containing a light sensitizer, Ru(bpy)32+, and a sacrificial electron scavenger, S2O82-. It was found that at relatively low temperatures (288-298 K), the water oxidation activities of Ir-DHC on indium tin oxide (ITO) and CeO2 supports were comparable within the studied range of fluences (62-151 mW cm-2). By contrast, at higher temperatures (310-323 K), Ir-DHC on ITO exhibited a ca. 100% higher water oxidation activity than on CeO2. The divergent activities were attributed to the distinct abilities of the supporting substrates in redistributing holes. The differences were only apparent at relatively high temperatures when hole redistribution to the active site became a limiting factor. These findings highlight the critical role of the supporting substrate in determining the turnover at active sites of heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Nicholas Dulock
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Benjamin P Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Boqiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Haden Wikar
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - David Z Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8107 USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
| | - Matthias M Waegele
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center Chestnut Hill Massachusetts 02467 USA
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9
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Chen R, Zhang D, Wang Z, Li D, Zhang L, Wang X, Fan F, Li C. Linking the Photoinduced Surface Potential Difference to Interfacial Charge Transfer in Photoelectrocatalytic Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4667-4674. [PMID: 36795953 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer at the semiconductor/solution interface is fundamental to photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. Although insights into charge transfer in the electrocatalytic process can be gained from the phenomenological Butler-Volmer theory, there is limited understanding of interfacial charge transfer in the photoelectrocatalytic process, which involves intricate effects of light, bias, and catalysis. Here, using operando surface potential measurements, we decouple the charge transfer and surface reaction processes and find that the surface reaction enhances the photovoltage via a reaction-related photoinduced charge transfer regime as demonstrated on a SrTiO3 photoanode. We show that the reaction-related charge transfer induces a change in the surface potential that is linearly correlated to the interfacial charge transfer rate of water oxidation. The linear behavior is independent of the applied bias and light intensity and reveals a general rule for interfacial transfer of photogenerated minority carriers. We anticipate the linear rule to be a phenomenological theory for describing interfacial charge transfer in photoelectrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Deyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingcong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Kang W, Wei R, Yin H, Li D, Chen Z, Huang Q, Zhang P, Jing H, Wang X, Li C. Unraveling Sequential Oxidation Kinetics and Determining Roles of Multi-Cobalt Active Sites on Co 3O 4 Catalyst for Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3470-3477. [PMID: 36724407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The multi-redox mechanism involving multi-sites has great implications to dictate the catalytic water oxidation. Understanding the sequential dynamics of multi-steps in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) cycles on working catalysts is a highly important but challenging issue. Here, using quasi-operando transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy and a typical photosensitization strategy, we succeeded in resolving the sequential oxidation kinetics involving multi-active sites for water oxidation in OER catalytic cycle, with Co3O4 nanoparticles as model catalysts. When OER initiates from fast oxidation of surface Co2+ ions, both surface Co2+ and Co3+ ions are active sites of the multi-cobalt centers for water oxidation. In the sequential kinetics (Co2+ → Co3+ → Co4+), the key characteristic is fast oxidation and slow consumption for all the cobalt species. Due to this characteristic, the Co4+ intermediate distribution plays a determining role in OER activity and results in the slow overall OER kinetics. These insights shed light on the kinetic understanding of water oxidation on heterogeneous catalysts with multi-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Kang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ruifang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qinge Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huanwang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Wang X, Zhong H, Xi S, Lee WSV, Xue J. Understanding of Oxygen Redox in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107956. [PMID: 35853837 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electron-transfer process during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) often either proceeds solely via a metal redox chemistry (adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), with metal bands around the Fermi level) or an oxygen redox chemistry (lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM), with oxygen bands around the Fermi level). Unlike the AEM, the LOM involves oxygen redox chemistry instead of metal redox, which leads to the formation of a direct oxygen-oxygen (OO) bond. As a result, such a process is able to bypass the rate-determining step, that is, OO bonding, in AEM, which highlights the critical advantage of LOM as compared to the conventional AEM. Thus, it has been well reported that LOM-based catalysts are able to demonstrate higher OER activities as compared to AEM-based catalysts. Here, a comprehensive understanding of the oxygen redox in LOM and all documented and possible characterization techniques that can be used to identify the oxygen redox are reviewed. This review will interpret the origins of oxygen redox in the reported LOM-based electrocatalysts and the underlying science of LOM-induced surface reconstruction in transition metal oxides. Finally, perspectives on the future development of LOM electrocatalysts are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117573, Singapore
| | - Haoyin Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117573, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Wee Siang Vincent Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117573, Singapore
| | - Junmin Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117573, Singapore
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12
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Frei H. Time-Resolved Vibrational and Electronic Spectroscopy for Understanding How Charges Drive Metal Oxide Catalysts for Water Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7953-7964. [PMID: 35981106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temporally resolved spectroscopy is a powerful approach for gaining detailed mechanistic understanding of water oxidation at robust Earth-abundant metal oxide catalysts for guiding efficiency improvement of solar fuel conversion systems. Beyond detecting and structurally identifying surface intermediates by vibrational and accompanying optical spectroscopy, knowledge of how charges, sequentially delivered to the metal oxide surface, drive the four-electron water oxidation cycle is critical for enhancing catalytic efficiency. Key issues addressed in this Perspective are the experimental requirements for establishing the kinetic relevancy of observed surface species and the discovery of the rate-boosting role of encounters of two or more one-electron surface hole charges, often in the form of randomly hopping metal oxo or oxyl moieties, for accessing very low-barrier O-O bond-forming pathways. Recent spectroscopic breakthroughs of metal oxide photo- and electrocatalysts inspire future research poised to take advantage of new highly sensitive spectroscopic tools and of methods for fast catalysis triggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Vinogradov I, Singh S, Lyle H, Paolino M, Mandal A, Rossmeisl J, Cuk T. Free energy difference to create the M-OH * intermediate of the oxygen evolution reaction by time-resolved optical spectroscopy. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:88-94. [PMID: 34725518 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical descriptors differentiate the catalytic activity of materials for the oxygen evolution reaction by the strength of oxygen binding in the reactive intermediate created upon electron transfer. Recently, time-resolved spectroscopy of a photo-electrochemically driven oxygen evolution reaction followed the vibrational and optical spectra of this intermediate, denoted M-OH*. However, these inherently kinetic experiments have not been connected to the relevant thermodynamic quantities. Here we discover that picosecond optical spectra of the Ti-OH* population on lightly doped SrTiO3 are ordered by the surface hydroxylation. A Langmuir isotherm as a function of pH extracts an effective equilibrium constant relatable to the free energy difference of the first oxygen evolution reaction step. Thus, time-resolved spectroscopy of the catalytic surface reveals both kinetic and energetic information of elementary reaction steps, which provides a critical new connection between theory and experiment by which to tailor the pathway of water oxidation and other surface reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Vinogradov
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Suryansh Singh
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hanna Lyle
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael Paolino
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Aritra Mandal
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja Cuk
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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14
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Lyle H, Singh S, Paolino M, Vinogradov I, Cuk T. The electron-transfer intermediates of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as polarons by in situ spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24984-25002. [PMID: 34514488 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01760h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of diffusive forms of energy (electrical and light) into short, compact chemical bonds by catalytic reactions regularly involves moving a carrier from an environment that favors delocalization to one that favors localization. While delocalization lowers the energy of the carrier through its kinetic energy, localization creates a polarization around the carrier that traps it in a potential energy minimum. The trapped carrier and its local distortion-termed a polaron in solids-can play a role as a highly reactive intermediate within energy-storing catalytic reactions but is rarely discussed as such. Here, we present this perspective of the polaron as a catalytic intermediate through recent in situ and time-resolved spectroscopic investigations of photo-triggered electrochemical reactions at material surfaces. The focus is on hole-trapping at metal-oxygen bonds, denoted M-OH*, in the context of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from water. The potential energy surface for the hole-polaron defines the structural distortions from the periodic lattice and the resulting "active" site of catalysis. This perspective will highlight how current and future time-resolved, multi-modal probes can use spectroscopic signatures of M-OH* polarons to obtain kinetic and structural information on the individual reaction steps of OER. A particular motivation is to provide the background needed for eventually relating this information to relevant catalytic descriptors by free energies. Finally, the formation of the O-O chemical bond from the consumption of M-OH*, required to release O2 and store energy in H2, will be discussed as the next target for experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lyle
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA
| | - Suryansh Singh
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA. .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA
| | - Michael Paolino
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA
| | - Ilya Vinogradov
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA.
| | - Tanja Cuk
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303, USA
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15
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Hu Q, Yu X, Gong S, Chen X. Nanomaterial catalysts for organic photoredox catalysis-mechanistic perspective. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18044-18053. [PMID: 34718365 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy conversions play a vital role in the renewable energy industry. In recent years, photoredox organic transformations have been explored as an alternative way to use solar energy. Catalysts for such photocatalytic systems have evolved from homogeneous metal complexes to heterogeneous nanomaterials over the past few decades. Herein, three important carrier transfer mechanisms are presented, including charge transfer, energy transfer and hot carrier transfer. Several models established by researchers to understand the catalytic reaction mechanisms are also illustrated, which promote the reaction system design based on theoretical studies. New strategies are introduced in order to enhance catalytic efficiency for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Xuemeng Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Shaokuan Gong
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Xihan Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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16
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Xu Z, Hou B, Zhao F, Cai Z, Shi H, Liu Y, Hill CL, Musaev DG, Mecklenburg M, Cronin SB, Lian T. Nanoscale TiO 2 Protection Layer Enhances the Built-In Field and Charge Separation Performance of GaP Photoelectrodes. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8017-8024. [PMID: 34569798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale oxide layer protected semiconductor photoelectrodes show enhanced stability and performance for solar fuels generation, although the mechanism for the performance enhancement remains unclear due to a lack of understanding of the microscopic interfacial field and its effects. Here, we directly probe the interfacial fields at p-GaP electrodes protected by n-TiO2 and its effect on charge carriers by transient reflectance spectroscopy. Increasing the TiO2 layer thickness from 0 to 35 nm increases the field in the GaP depletion region, enhancing the rate and efficiency of interfacial electron transfer from the GaP to TiO2 on the ps time scale as well as retarding interfacial recombination on the microsecond time scale. This study demonstrates a general method for providing a microscopic view of the photogenerated charge carrier's pathway and loss mechanisms from the bulk of the electrode to the long-lived separated charge at the interface that ultimately drives the photoelectrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Bingya Hou
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Chemistry, University of South California, 3710 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhi Cai
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Chemistry, University of South California, 3710 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Haotian Shi
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Chemistry, University of South California, 3710 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Cherry L. Emerson Centre for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Matthew Mecklenburg
- Core Center of Excellence in Nano Imaging (CNI), University of South California, 814 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Stephen B Cronin
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Chemistry, University of South California, 3710 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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17
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Singh S, Lyle H, D'Amario L, Magnano E, Vinogradov I, Cuk T. Coherent Acoustic Interferometry during the Photodriven Oxygen Evolution Reaction Associates Strain Fields with the Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (Ti-OH*). J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15984-15997. [PMID: 34554748 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from water requires the formation of metastable, reactive oxygen intermediates to enable oxygen-oxygen bond formation. Conversely, such reactive intermediates could also structurally modify the catalyst. A descriptor for the overall catalytic activity, the first electron and proton transfer OER intermediate from water, (M-OH*), has been associated with significant distortions of the metal-oxygen bonds upon charge-trapping. Time-resolved spectroscopy of in situ, photodriven OER on transition metal oxide surfaces has characterized M-OH* for the charge trapping and the symmetry of the lattice distortions by optical and vibrational transitions, respectively, but had yet to detect an interfacial strain field arising from a surface coverage M-OH*. Here, we utilize picosecond, coherent acoustic interferometry to detect the uniaxial strain normal to the SrTiO3/aqueous interface directly caused by Ti-OH*. The spectral analysis applies a fairly general methodology for detecting a combination of the spatial extent, magnitude, and generation time of the interfacial strain through the coherent oscillations' phase. For lightly n-doped SrTiO3, we identify the strain generation time (1.31 ps), which occurs simultaneously with Ti-OH* formation, and a tensile strain of 0.06% (upper limit 0.6%). In addition to fully characterizing this intermediate across visible, mid-infrared, and now GHz-THz probes on SrTiO3, we show that strain fields occur with the creation of some M-OH*, which modifies design strategies for tuning catalytic activity and provides insight into photo-induced degradation so prevalent for OER. To that end, the work put forth here provides a unique methodology to characterize intermediate-induced interfacial strain across OER catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryansh Singh
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Hanna Lyle
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Luca D'Amario
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Ilya Vinogradov
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Tanja Cuk
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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18
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Martin JS, Zeng X, Chen X, Miller C, Han C, Lin Y, Yamamoto N, Wang X, Yazdi S, Yan Y, Beard MC, Yan Y. A Nanocrystal Catalyst Incorporating a Surface Bound Transition Metal to Induce Photocatalytic Sequential Electron Transfer Events. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11361-11369. [PMID: 34286970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is less common but can provide unique avenues for inducing novel chemical transformations and can also be utilized for energy transductions, i.e., the energy in the photons can be captured in chemical bonds. Here, we developed a novel heterogeneous photocatalytic system that employs a lead-halide perovskite nanocrystal (NC) to capture photons and direct photogenerated holes to a surface bound transition metal Cu-site, resulting in a N-N heterocyclization reaction. The reaction starts from surface coordinated diamine substrates and requires two subsequent photo-oxidation events per reaction cycle. We establish a photocatalytic pathway that incorporates sequential inner sphere electron transfer events, photons absorbed by the NC generate holes that are sequentially funneled to the Cu-surface site to perform the reaction. The photocatalyst is readily prepared via a controlled cation-exchange reaction and provides new opportunities in photodriven heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan San Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States.,College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Xihan Chen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Collin Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Chuang Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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19
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Lang C, Li J, Yang KR, Wang Y, He D, Thorne JE, Croslow S, Dong Q, Zhao Y, Prostko G, Brudvig GW, Batista VS, Waegele MM, Wang D. Observation of a potential-dependent switch of water-oxidation mechanism on Co-oxide-based catalysts. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Chen T, Ding Q, Wang X, Feng Z, Li C. Mechanistic Studies on Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting over Ga 2O 3-Based Photocatalysts by Operando MS-FTIR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6029-6033. [PMID: 34165306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting on semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the most important physichemical processes, but its surface reaction mechanisms are not fully understood. Based upon the ATR-FTIR investigations combining with the mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis, a direct hydroxyl radical formation mechanism that is different from those observed for other semiconductor photocatalysts is proposed. This study provides the insight into overall water splitting mechanism on Ga2O3-based photocatalysts at a molecular level, and it helps one to further understand the photocatalysis on semiconductor photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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21
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Li J, Triana CA, Wan W, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Zhao Y, Balaghi SE, Heidari S, Patzke GR. Molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts: recent progress and joint perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2444-2485. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent synthetic and mechanistic progress in molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts highlights the new, overarching strategies for knowledge transfer and unifying design concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - C. A. Triana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - W. Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Y. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. E. Balaghi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. Heidari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - G. R. Patzke
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
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22
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Li X, Cheng Z, Wang X. Understanding the Mechanism of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction with Consideration of Spin. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Li X, Liu H, Sun Y, Zhu L, Yin X, Sun S, Fu Z, Lu Y, Wang X, Cheng Z. High Oxygen Evolution Activity of Tungsten Bronze Oxides Boosted by Anchoring of Co 2+ at Nb 5+ Sites Accompanied by Substantial Oxygen Vacancy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002242. [PMID: 33240771 PMCID: PMC7675188 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The participation of lattice oxygen in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process has been proved to be faster in kinetics than the mechanisms where only metal is involved, although activating the lattice oxygen in the traditional rigid structures remains a big challenge. In this work, efforts are devoted to exploring a new flexible structure that is competent in providing large amounts of oxygen vacancies as well as offering the freedom to manipulate the electronic structure of metal cations. This is demonstrated by anchoring low valence state Co at high valence state Nb sites in the tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB)-structured Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2- x Co x O6-δ , with different ratios of Co to Nb to optimize the Co substitution proportion. It is found that the occupation of Co in the Nb5+ sites gives rise to the generation of massive surface oxygen vacancies (Ovac), while Co itself is stabilized in Co2+ by adjacent Ovac. The coexistence of Ovac and LS Co2+ enables an oxygen intercalation mechanism in the optimal SBNC45 with specific activity at 1.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode that is 20 times higher than for the commercial IrO2. This work illuminates an entirely new avenue to rationally design OER electrocatalysts with ultrafast kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials (ISEM)Australia Institute for Innovative MaterialsInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongSquires WayNorth WollongongNSW2500Australia
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Sun
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials (ISEM)Australia Institute for Innovative MaterialsInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongSquires WayNorth WollongongNSW2500Australia
| | - Liuyang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy‐Saving Building MaterialsXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang464000P. R. China
| | - Shujie Sun
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy‐Saving Building MaterialsXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang464000P. R. China
| | - Zhengping Fu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials (ISEM)Australia Institute for Innovative MaterialsInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongSquires WayNorth WollongongNSW2500Australia
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials (ISEM)Australia Institute for Innovative MaterialsInnovation CampusUniversity of WollongongSquires WayNorth WollongongNSW2500Australia
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24
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Yang S, Hetterscheid DGH. Redefinition of the Active Species and the Mechanism of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Gold Oxide. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Yang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, RA Leiden 2300, Netherlands
| | - Dennis G. H. Hetterscheid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, RA Leiden 2300, Netherlands
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25
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Chen X, Pekarek RT, Gu J, Zakutayev A, Hurst KE, Neale NR, Yang Y, Beard MC. Transient Evolution of the Built-in Field at Junctions of GaAs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40339-40346. [PMID: 32810402 PMCID: PMC10905426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Built-in electric fields at semiconductor junctions are vital for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications since they govern the movement of photogenerated charge carriers near critical surfaces and interfaces. Here, we exploit transient photoreflectance (TPR) spectroscopy to probe the dynamical evolution of the built-in field for n-GaAs photoelectrodes upon photoexcitation. The transient fields are modeled in order to quantitatively describe the surface carrier dynamics that influence those fields. The photoinduced surface field at different types of junctions between n-GaAs and n-TiO2, Pt, electrolyte and p-NiO are examined, and the results reveal that surface Fermi-level pinning, ubiquitous for many GaAs surfaces, can have beneficial consequences that impact photoelectrochemical applications. That is, Fermi-level pinning results in the primary surface carrier dynamics being invariant to the contacting layer and promotes beneficial carrier separation. For example, when p-NiO is deposited there is no Fermi-level equilibration that modifies the surface field, but photogenerated holes are promoted to the n-GaAs/p-NiO interface and can transfer into defect midgap states within the p-NiO resulting in an elongated charge separation time and those transferred holes can participate in chemical reactions. In contrast, when the Fermi-level is unpinned via molecular surface functionalization on p-GaAs, the carriers undergo surface recombination faster due to a smaller built-in field, thus potentially degrading their photochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Chen
- Materials
and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ryan T. Pekarek
- Materials
and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jing Gu
- Materials
and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Materials
and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Katherine E. Hurst
- Materials
and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nathan R. Neale
- Materials
and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ye Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Matthew C. Beard
- Materials
and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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26
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Zhou J, Zhang L, Huang YC, Dong CL, Lin HJ, Chen CT, Tjeng LH, Hu Z. Voltage- and time-dependent valence state transition in cobalt oxide catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1984. [PMID: 32332788 PMCID: PMC7181785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to determine the electronic structure of catalysts during electrochemical reactions is highly important for identification of the active sites and the reaction mechanism. Here we successfully applied soft X-ray spectroscopy to follow in operando the valence and spin state of the Co ions in Li2Co2O4 under oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions. We have observed that a substantial fraction of the Co ions undergo a voltage-dependent and time-dependent valence state transition from Co3+ to Co4+ accompanied by spontaneous delithiation, whereas the edge-shared Co-O network and spin state of the Co ions remain unchanged. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the highly oxidized Co4+ site, rather than the Co3+ site or the oxygen vacancy site, is mainly responsible for the high OER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Linjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Li Dong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, 151 Yingzhuan Road, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ji Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - L H Tjeng
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
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27
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Liu H, Frei H. Observation of O–O Bond Forming Step of Molecular Co4O4 Cubane Catalyst for Water Oxidation by Rapid-Scan FT-IR Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Heinz Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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