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Yang X, Liu N, Zhao J, Zhou S. Luminescence properties of endohedrally doped group-IV clusters. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234305. [PMID: 38899686 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endohedrally doped clusters form a large category of cage clusters, with unique structures, diverse elemental compositions, and highly tunable electronic structures and physisochemical properties. They have been widely achieved in laboratory and may serve as functional building blocks for assembling new supermolecular structures and devices. In this paper, for the first time, we disclosed the luminescence properties of endohedrally doped group-IV clusters by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. A total of 64 cage clusters have been explored in terms of stability, emission wavelength, and the energy difference between the first excited singlet and triplet states. The key geometric and electronic factors governing the photophysical properties of these cage clusters were unveiled, to provide crucial insights for crafting atomically precise nanoclusters for optical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nanshu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Inoue T, Ina T, Masai H, Kondo N, Matsui F, Kinoshita T, Nakajima A. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Measurements on Alkali Metal Superatoms of Ta-Atom-Encapsulated Si 16 Cage. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5376-5381. [PMID: 38738993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The silicon cage nanoclusters encapsulating a tantalum atom, termed Ta@Si16, exhibit characteristics of alkali metal "superatoms (SAs)". Despite this conceptual framework, the precise structures of Ta@Si16 and Ta@Si16+ remain unclear in quantum calculations due to three energetically close structural isomers: C3v, Td, and D4d structures. To identify the geometrical structure of Ta@Si16 SAs, structural analysis was conducted using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) with a high-intensity monochromatic X-ray source, keeping anaerobic conditions. Focusing on "superordered" films, which constitute amorphous thin films composed solely of Ta@Si16 SAs, this analysis preserved locally ordered structures. Spectral comparisons between experimental and simulated Ta L3-edge EXAFS unveil that Ta@Si16 SAs on a substrate adopt a C3v-derived structure, while Si K-edge EXAFS introduces spectral ambiguity in structural identifications, attributed to both intracluster and intercluster scatterings. These findings underscore the significance of locally ordered structure analyses in understanding and characterizing novel nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ina
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Masai
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Naonori Kondo
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsui
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toyohiko Kinoshita
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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3
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Terasaka K, Kamoshida T, Ichikawa T, Yokoyama T, Shibuta M, Hatanaka M, Nakajima A. Alkaline Earth Metal Superatom of W@Si 16: Characterization of Group 6 Metal Encapsulating Si 16 Cage on Organic Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9605-9613. [PMID: 38427709 PMCID: PMC11009963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal atom (M)-encapsulating silicon cage nanoclusters (M@Si16) exhibit a superatomic nature, depending on the central M atom owing to the number of valence electrons and charge state on organic substrates. Since M@Si16 superatom featuring group 4 and 5 transition metal atoms exhibit rare-gas-like and alkali-like characteristics, respectively, group 6 transition metal atoms are expected to show alkaline earth-like behavior. In this study, M@Si16, comprising a central atom from group 6 (MVI = Cr, Mo, and W) were deposited on C60 substrates, and their electronic and chemical stabilities were investigated in terms of their charge state and chemical reactivity against oxygen exposures. In comparison to alkali-like Ta@Si16, the extent of charge transfer to the C60 substrate is approximately doubled, while the oxidative reactivity is subdued for MVI@Si16 on C60, especially for W@Si16. The results show that a divalent state of MVI@Si162+ appears on the C60 substrate, which is consistently calculated to be a symmetrical cage structure of W@Si162+ in C3v, revealing insights into the "periodic law" of M@Si16 superatoms pertaining to the characteristics of alkaline earth metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Terasaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kamoshida
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Ichikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaho Yokoyama
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio
Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio
Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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4
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Shibuta M, Nakajima A. Two-Photon Photoemission Spectroscopy and Microscopy for Electronic and Plasmonic Characterizations of Molecularly Designed Organic Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3285-3295. [PMID: 36988100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Functional surfaces decorated with organic molecules and/or nanoclusters (NCs) composed of several tens of atoms are promising for use in future photoelectronic substrates, whose functionalities are governed by molecular local electronic/plasmonic excitations at the interfaces. Here, we combine two-photon photoemission spectroscopy (2P-PES) and microscopy (2P-PEEM) to investigate the local excited-state dynamics at organic surfaces functionalized with NCs. The 2P-PES and 2P-PEEM for organic fullerene (C60) layers on graphite and Au substrates demonstrated photophysical characterization of electronic and plasmonic properties, including propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The SPP propagation at the Au interface buried by overlayered C60 can be visualized by Agn NC deposition, which enhances plasmon-induced hot electrons, where the threshold number of Ag atoms (n ≥ 9) for the plasmonic response is revealed by the size dependence of 2P-PES for Agn NCs on C60 layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibuta
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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5
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Yokoyama T, Nakajima A. Bridging the gas and condensed phases for metal-atom encapsulating silicon- and germanium-cage superatoms: electrical properties of assembled superatoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9738-9752. [PMID: 36947064 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanocluster (NC) synthesis methods in the gas phase, atomically precise NCs composed of a finite number of metal and semiconductor atoms have emerged. NCs are expected to be the smallest units for nanomaterials with various functions, such as catalysts, optoelectronic materials, and electromagnetic devices. The exploration of a stable NC called a magic number NC has revealed a couple of important factors, such as a highly symmetric geometric structure and an electronic shell closure, and a magic number behavior is often enhanced by mixing additional elements. A synergetic effect between geometric and electronic structures leads to the formation of chemically robust NC units called superatoms (SAs), which act as individual units assembled as thin films. The agglomeration of non-ligated bare SAs is desirable in fabricating the assembled SAs associated with intrinsic SA nature. The recent development of an intensive pulsed magnetron sputtering method opens up the scalable synthesis of SAs in the gas phase, enabling the fabrication of SA assembly coupled with the non-destructive deposition of a soft-landing technique. This perspective describes our recent progress in the investigation of the formation of binary cage SA (BCSA) assembled thin films composed of metal-atom encapsulating silicon-cage SAs (M@Si16) and germanium-cage SAs (M@Ge16), with a focus on their electrical properties associated with a conduction mechanism toward the development of new functional nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaho Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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6
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Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Debnath T, Das AK. Dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane to functionalize neutral and Li +-encapsulated C 60, C 70 and C 36 fullerene cages: a DFT approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4022-4041. [PMID: 35103266 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic investigations into the functionalization of three fullerene cages, viz. C60, C70, and C36 through dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane (AB) have been conducted using Density Functional Theory (DFT). In this process of functionalization, different ring fusions, namely (6-6), (6-5) positions for C60 and C70, and an additional (5-5) for C36 fullerene have been investigated. The optimized geometries of all the complexes and transition states have been characterized using the M06-2X functional in conjunction with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The effect of Li+-encapsulation on the energetics and activation barriers of H2 attachment has also been examined. Although the process of functionalization of neutral fullerenes proceeds extensively through concerted pathways, a step-wise route has been observed for the encapsulated systems. NPA charge analysis and Wiberg bond index (WBI) have been used in order to detect the change in the nature of participating hydrogen atoms and validate the variation in the bond order of the C-C connectivity respectively upon hydrogenation. GCRD parameters have also been calculated to explicate the electronic properties of the hydrogenated products. The (6-6) hydrogenation is observed to be favoured thermodynamically and kinetically for both neutral and Li+-encapsulated C60 and C70, while (5-5) is found to be the most preferred site for C36 systems. Our theoretical exploration suggests that the covalent functionalization of the fullerene cages can be done successfully viaAB resulting in the stabilization of these systems. In short, the present work will provide a general idea about the detailed mechanism related to the functionalization of fullerene cages, which will further motivate researchers in fullerene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Soumadip Banerjee
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Tanay Debnath
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Abhijit K Das
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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7
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Geng L, Cui C, Jia Y, Yin B, Zhang H, Sun ZD, Luo Z. Reactivity of Cobalt Clusters Co n±/0 with Dinitrogen: Superatom Co 6+ and Superatomic Complex Co 5N 6. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2130-2138. [PMID: 33689326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a joint experimental and theoretical study on the reactions of cobalt clusters (Con±/0) with nitrogen using the customized reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer combined with a 177.3 nm deep-ultraviolet laser. Comparing to the behaviors of neutral Con (n = 2-30) and anionic Con- clusters (n = 7-53) which are relatively inert in reacting with nitrogen in the fast-flow tube, Con+ clusters readily react with nitrogen resulting in adducts of one or multiple N2 except Co6+ which stands firm in the reaction with nitrogen. Detailed quantum chemistry calculations, including the energetics, electron occupancy, and orbital analysis, well-explained the reasonable reactivity of Con+ clusters with nitrogen and unveiled the open-shell superatomic stability of Co6+ within a highly symmetric (D3d) structure. The D3d Co6+ bears an electron configuration of a half-filled superatomic 1P orbital (i.e., 1S21P3||1D0), a large α-highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap, symmetric multicenter bonds, and reasonable electron delocalization pertaining to metallic aromaticity. Topology analysis by atom-in-molecule illustrates the interactions between Con+ and N2 corresponding to covalent bonds, but the Co-N interactions in cationic Co2+N2 and Co6+N2 clusters are apparently weaker than those in the other systems. In addition, we identify a superatomic complex Co5N6+ which exhibits similar frontier orbitals as the naked Co5+ cluster, but the alpha HOMO-LUMO gap is nearly double-magnified, which is consistent with the high-abundance peak of Co5N6+ in the experimental observation. The enhanced stability of such a ligand-coordinated superatomic complex Co5N6+, along with the superatom Co6+ with aromaticity, sheds light on special and general superatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Geng
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Baoqi Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Sun
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.,School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Kashi University, Kashgar 844006, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Shibuta M, Yamamoto K, Ohta T, Inoue T, Mizoguchi K, Nakaya M, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Confined Hot Electron Relaxation at the Molecular Heterointerface of the Size-Selected Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanocluster and Layered C 60. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1199-1209. [PMID: 33411503 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic response of metallic nanostructures plays a key role in amplifying photocatalytic and photoelectric conversion. Since the plasmonic behavior of noble metal nanoparticles is known to generate energetic charge carriers such as hot electrons, it is expected that the hot electrons can enhance conversion efficiency if they are transferred into a neighboring molecule or semiconductor. However, the method of transferring the energized charge carriers from the plasmonically generated hot electrons to the neighboring species remains controversial. Herein, we fabricated a molecularly well-defined heterointerface between the size-selected plasmonic noble-metal nanoclusters (NCs) of Agn (n = 3-55)/Aun (n = 21) and the organic C60 film to investigate hot electron generation and relaxation dynamics using time-resolved two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy. By tuning the NC size and the polarization of the femtosecond excitation photons, the plasmonic behavior is characterized by 2PPE intensity enhancement by 10-100 times magnitude, which emerge at n ≥ 9 for Agn NCs. The 2PPE spectra exhibit contributions from low-energy electrons forming coherent plasmonic currents and hot electrons with an excitation energy up to photon energy owing to two-photon excitation of an occupied state of the Agn NC below the Fermi level. The time-resolved pump-probe measurements demonstrate that plasmon dephasing generates hot electrons which undergo electron-electron scattering. However, no photoemission occurs via the charge transfer state forming Agn+C60- located in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Thus, this study reveals the mechanism of ultrafast confined hot electron relaxation within plasmonic Agn NCs at the molecular heterointerface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibuta
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Masato Nakaya
- Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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11
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Shibuta M, Niikura T, Kamoshida T, Tsunoyama H, Nakajima A. Nitric oxide oxidation of a Ta encapsulating Si cage nanocluster superatom (Ta@Si16) deposited on an organic substrate; a Si cage collapse indicator. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26273-26279. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05580g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stepwise oxidative reaction of a Ta-encapsulating Si16 caged nanocluster superatom upon exposure to nitric oxide is investigated by monitoring N 1s core level signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS)
- Keio University
- 3-14-1, Hiyoshi
- Kohoku-ku
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Niikura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku
- Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kamoshida
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku
- Japan
| | - Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS)
- Keio University
- 3-14-1, Hiyoshi
- Kohoku-ku
- Japan
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