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Liberton DK, Almpani K, Mishra R, Bassim C, Van Ryzin C, Webb BD, Jabs EW, Engle EC, Collins FS, Manoli I, Lee JS. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Rare Disorders of Congenital Facial Weakness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:615. [PMID: 38791829 PMCID: PMC11121611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Congenital facial weakness (CFW) encompasses a heterogenous set of rare disorders presenting with decreased facial movement from birth, secondary to impaired function of the facial musculature. The aim of the present study is to provide an analysis of subject-reported oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in congenital facial weakness (CFW) disorders. Forty-four subjects with CFW and age- and sex- matched controls were enrolled in an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study. Demographic data, medical and surgical history, comprehensive oral examination, and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were obtained. Compared to unaffected controls, subjects with CFW had higher OHIP-14 scores overall (mean ± SD: 13.11 ± 8.11 vs. 4.46 ± 4.98, p < 0.0001) and within five of seven oral health domains, indicating decreased OHRQoL. Although subjects with Moebius syndrome (MBS) were noted to have higher OHIP-14 scores than those with Hereditary Congenital Facial Paresis (HCFP), there was no significant correlation in OHIP-14 score to age, sex, or specific diagnosis. An increase in OHIP-14 scores in subjects was detected in those who had undergone reanimation surgery. In conclusion, subjects with CFW had poorer OHRQoL compared to controls, and subjects with MBS had poorer OHRQoL than subjects with HCFP. This study provides better understanding of oral health care needs and quality of life in a CFW cohort and suggests that guidelines for dental treatment are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K. Liberton
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.K.L.); (K.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Konstantinia Almpani
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.K.L.); (K.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Rashmi Mishra
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Carol Bassim
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.K.L.); (K.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Carol Van Ryzin
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | | | - Bryn D. Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.D.W.); (E.W.J.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (B.D.W.); (E.W.J.)
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Irini Manoli
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Janice S. Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.K.L.); (K.A.); (C.B.)
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2
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Obradović M, Dolić O, Milovanović V, Karaman N, Mišić M, Miljević V, Matošević-Jajčanin S, Sukara S, Kaurin P, Knežević N, Regoda-Šeranić M, Mijatović D, Galić-Pejić B. Caries Experience in Primary and Permanent Dentition in Children Up to 15 Years of Age from Bosnia and Herzegovina-A Retrospective Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040754. [PMID: 37190003 DOI: 10.3390/children10040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze caries experience in primary and permanent dentition in children up to 15 years of age located in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS The research was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional study. Analyzes and comparisons of caries indices were performed using groups formed according to their gender (male-M and female-F) and age, i.e., the first group-children in early childhood, ≤5 years; the second group, middle childhood 6-8 years; the third group, preadolescents 9-11 years old; fourth group, adolescents 12-15 years old. RESULTS Overall prevalence of caries in primary dentition was 89.1%, while in permanent dentition, it was 60.7%. The overall mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth- dmft in male participants was 5.4, while in female participants, it was 5.1. By contrast, a higher overall mean DMFT was established in the female participants (2.7 vs. 3.0). CONCLUSIONS We can see a high prevalence in all of the examined groups. In primary dentition, males examined during the course of the study had a higher overall mean dmft and the mean number of untreated decayed primary teeth, whereas females up to age 15 examined during the course of the study had more DMF teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Obradović
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Olivera Dolić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Nataša Karaman
- Public Health Center Čelinac, 78 240 Čelinac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Mišić
- Public Health Center Doboj, 74 000 Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vesna Miljević
- Public Health Center Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Slava Sukara
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Predrag Kaurin
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nataša Knežević
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Darija Mijatović
- Institute of Dentistry, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Božana Galić-Pejić
- Public Health Center Banja Luka, 78 000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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3
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Mohabatpour F, Chen X, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Novel trends, challenges and new perspectives for enamel repair and regeneration to treat dental defects. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3062-3087. [PMID: 35543379 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00072e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, providing external protection for the tooth against masticatory forces, temperature changes and chemical stimuli. Once enamel is damaged/altered by genetic defects, dental caries, trauma, and/or dental wear, it cannot repair itself due to the loss of enamel producing cells following the tooth eruption. The current restorative dental materials are unable to replicate physico-mechanical, esthetic features and crystal structures of the native enamel. Thus, development of alternative approaches to repair and regenerate enamel defects is much needed but remains challenging due to the structural and functional complexities involved. This review paper summarizes the clinical aspects to be taken into consideration for the development of optimal therapeutic approaches to tackle dental enamel defects. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging acellular and cellular approaches proposed for enamel remineralization and regeneration. Acellular approaches aim to artificially synthesize or re-mineralize enamel, whereas cell-based strategies aim to mimic the natural process of enamel development given that epithelial cells can be stimulated to produce enamel postnatally during the adult life. The key issues and current challenges are also discussed here, along with new perspectives for future research to advance the field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, SK, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd B419, S7N 0 W8, SK, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., S7N 5A9, SK, Canada. .,College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, S7N 5E4, SK, Canada
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4
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Su S, Lipsky MS, Licari FW, Hung M. Comparing Oral Health Behaviours of Men and Women in the United States. J Dent 2022; 122:104157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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5
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Bokhari SAH, Almumtin K, Alhashiem WM, Albandar DY, Alyahya ZN, Alsaad E. Dental Caries and Associated Risk Indicators among Married Saudi Women. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:648-655. [PMID: 34921383 PMCID: PMC9507581 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) experience among married females in Saudi Arabia and provide an exploratory data for subsequent primary prevention.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted at a general hospital in Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. All married women attending the general hospital from March 1st to April 15
th
, 2021 were requested to participate. Data was collected on a validated self-reported questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic factors, medical history, dietary pattern, and DMFT. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed using
p
≤0.050.
Results
Four hundred forty-eight married females with the mean age of 30.81 ± 6.11 years, mean duration of marriage of 9.55 ± 6.58 years, and having average number of children 2.32 ± 1.69 participated in the study. 61.7% mothers had ≥10 years of education. 63.6% were non-working and 56.5% were found with low family income. 66% participants reported of doing exercise less or more often yet 51.7% were ≥overweight. Consumption of energy drinks and dairy products was found significantly associated with increasing number of DMFT. Use of fluoridated toothpaste and dental visits was also found associated with increasing number of dental caries. Increasing age (
p
= 0.040), increasing number of children, and middle family income were also significantly associated with higher DMFT, respectively (
p
= 0.002,
p
= 0.022). In multi-logistic adjusted analysis, only consumption of dairy products, dental visits, and the unsure status of the use of fluoridated toothpaste were significantly associated with DMFT ≥1.
Conclusion
DMFT status in married Saudi women was associated with participants' dietary habits, oral health-related practices, family income, married years, and number of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kawthar Almumtin
- Department of General Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ebtihal Alsaad
- Department of General Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Lipsky MS, Su S, Crespo CJ, Hung M. Men and Oral Health: A Review of Sex and Gender Differences. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211016361. [PMID: 33993787 PMCID: PMC8127762 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211016361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex and gender related health disparities in oral health remain an underappreciated and often over looked aspect of well-being. The goal of this narrative review is to identify sex and gender related oral health disparities by summarizing the current literature related to differences in oral health between men and women. The review identified that men are more likely to: ignore their oral health, have poorer oral hygiene habits, and experience higher rates of periodontal disease, oral cancer, and dental trauma. Men also visit dentists less frequently and compared to women seek oral treatment more often for an acute problem and less often for disease prevention. Women exhibit more positive attitudes about dental visits, greater oral health literacy, and demonstrate better oral health behaviors than men. Men disproportionately develop periodontal diseases due to a combination of biological and gender related reasons including immune system factors, hormone differences, poorer oral hygiene behaviors, and greater tobacco use. There is a male to female ratio of 2:1 for oral cancer, largely attributable to more tobacco use, heavier use of alcohol, and longer sun exposure. Minority men experience a disproportionate burden of oral health disparities because of both their gender and race/ethnic identities. In conclusion, this review identifies several differences between men and women related to oral health and highlights the need for further research to better understand these disparities and how to incorporate them into developing prevention, education and treatment strategies to improve oral health in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Lipsky
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA
- Oregon Health and Science University – Portland State University Institute on Aging, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sharon Su
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Carlos J. Crespo
- Oregon Health and Science University – Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Man Hung
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, UT, USA
- University of Utah Health, Society & Policy Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah School of Biological Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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7
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Poudel P, Griffiths R, Arora A, Wong VW, Flack JR, Barker G, George A. Oral Health Status, Knowledge, and Behaviours of People with Diabetes in Sydney, Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073464. [PMID: 33810479 PMCID: PMC8037358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed self-reported oral health status, knowledge, and behaviours of people living with diabetes along with barriers and facilitators in accessing dental care. A cross sectional survey of 260 patients from four public diabetes clinics in Sydney, Australia was undertaken using a 35-item questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS software with descriptive and logistic regression analyses. More than half (53.1%) of respondents reported having dental problems which negatively impacted their related quality of life. Less than half (45%) had adequate oral health knowledge. Only 10.8% reported receiving any oral health information in diabetes care settings, which had higher odds of demonstrating adequate oral health knowledge (AOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.06-6.34). Similarly, 62.7% reported seeing a dentist in the last 12 months. Having private health insurance (AOR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.85-7.40) had higher odds of seeing a dentist in the past 12 months. Dental costs were a major contributor to avoiding or delaying dental visit. Patients living with diabetes have unmet oral health needs particularly around the awareness of its importance and access to affordable dental services. Diabetes care providers can play a crucial role in this area by promoting oral health to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Poudel
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (V.W.W.); (J.R.F.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rhonda Griffiths
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2751, Australia;
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Vincent W. Wong
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (V.W.W.); (J.R.F.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jeff R. Flack
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (V.W.W.); (J.R.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Diabetes Centre Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, NSW 2200, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - George Barker
- Diabetes Education Service, Hornsby-Ku-ring-gai Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Hornsby, NSW 2077, Australia;
| | - Ajesh George
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes and Research Translation (COHORT), Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia;
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (V.W.W.); (J.R.F.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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8
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Kent S, Regan A, McDonald C, Henry A, Dawoud B, Hennedige A, Kulkarni R, Logan G, Exley R, Gilbert K, Kyzas P, Morrison R, McCaul J. Gender differences in patients with severe dental infections presenting to hospital. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-020-2351-7. [PMID: 33627847 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-2351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Gender differences have been documented in prevalence and morbidity of caries, gingivitis and oral health, but not previously in cervicofacial infection. Identification and minimisation of gender inequalities is a World Health Organisation priority, and there are physiological, behavioural and cultural reasons to suspect that sex and gender differences may be present.Methods Analysis was carried out of the MTReC National Snapshot audit of cervicofacial infections. This database was created by oral and maxillofacial surgery trainees in 2017 and records over 400 variables in 1,002 individual patients admitted to hospital with severe odontogenic infection.Results Records were available for 1,002 patients with cervicofacial infection (456 females and 546 males). There were significant differences between recorded gender in those presenting with airway compromise (male 7% vs female 2%, p = 0.001), severe inflammatory response syndrome (male 60% vs female 39%, p = 0.007) and requirement for awake fibre-optic intubation on admission (male 4% vs female 1%, p = 0.014).Discussion These results suggest that male patients access healthcare later in their disease than female patients, and with more severe systemic compromise. This may be due to prevalent cultural and behavioural norms. As equality of access is the responsibility of the administrator, we discuss methods which might improve timely presentation in males with cervicofacial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Greg Logan
- MTReC, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Panos Kyzas
- MTReC, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, East Lancashire, UK
| | | | - James McCaul
- MTReC, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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9
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Durey A, Lee SK, Adebayo B, Slack-Smith L. Building oral health capacity in a women's health service. Aust J Prim Health 2019; 24:417-421. [PMID: 30012241 DOI: 10.1071/py17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult women in Australia are more likely than men to have no teeth, more missing teeth or have a dental hospital admission. Experiences of war, family and domestic violence, mental health or alcohol and other drug use problems may also negatively affect women's oral health. Yet, oral health is often excluded from primary healthcare. Little is known about what helps or inhibits primary healthcare service workers to promote oral health to women in need. Identifying the perceptions and experiences of such workers is a step towards a strategy to develop resources to support them in raising oral health issues with disadvantaged clients. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study conducted at a community-based women's health service, which used focus groups to investigate workers' perceptions of promoting oral health and accessing services for their clients. Findings indicated how structural issues informed oral healthcare, where workers generally did not consider oral health their responsibility, were reluctant to raise the issue with clients and had limited oral health knowledge and resources. To overcome these barriers, workers identified the need for oral health resources and better linkages to the dental system to help support their clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Durey
- Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Susan Kaye Lee
- Women's Health and Family Services, 227 Newcastle Street, Northbridge, WA 6003, Australia
| | - Bola Adebayo
- Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Linda Slack-Smith
- Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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10
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Muñoz-Pino N, Vives-Cases C, Agudelo-Suárez AA, Ronda-Pérez E. Comparing Oral Health Services Use in the Spanish and Immigrant Working Population. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 20:809-815. [PMID: 28735453 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aim to analyze oral health services use and related factors in the immigrant working population compared to the Spanish counterparts. Cross-sectional study of working population (n = 8591) that responded Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS), 2011-2012. The association between oral health services use and migration status was estimated using logistic regression. Immigrant men presented a greater probability of oral health service use a year or more prior (aOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.26-2.02), independently of oral health, sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics. In immigrant women, greater probability of use of oral health services one year or more prior disappeared after adjusting for the same variables (aOR 1.15; 95% CI 0.91-1.45). Occupational social class and education level could explain better a high percentage of oral health service use one year or more prior in immigrant women but there is a persistent inequality in oral health service use in immigrant men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Pino
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés A Agudelo-Suárez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.,Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Elena Ronda-Pérez
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Doyal L, Das-Bhaumik RG. Sex, gender and blindness: a new framework for equity. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2018; 3:e000135. [PMID: 30246151 PMCID: PMC6146307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Four-fifths of all blind or vision impaired people live in middle-income and low-income countries with the African region and parts of Asia and the Middle East bearing the heaviest burden. At the same time, we know that around two thirds of all blind people in the world are female. Hence, the poorest (and usually the oldest) women are most likely to have their lives limited by visual impairment. While recent strategies have focussed on international variations in eye health, very few have paid attention to the gender differences that are an inextricable element in these inequalities. This review will explore possible explanations for the advantage of men in the exercise of one of the most basic of human senses. It will show that this cannot be understood through the use of a biomedical approach alone. Broader social perspectives will also be needed in order to create an appropriate knowledge base for tackling global inequalities in blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raja G Das-Bhaumik
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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12
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Lawal F, Alade O. Dental caries experience and treatment needs of an adult female population in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:905-911. [PMID: 29085419 PMCID: PMC5656200 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experience and awareness of adult females concerning dental caries is important in its prevention particularly in children because of their natural role as care givers. Objectives To determine the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs in an adult female Nigerian population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, adult females attending outreach programmes were examined for dental caries using the Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth caries index (DMFT). Socio-demographic variables were also recorded and statistical analysis done with SPSS software. Results A total of 430 females aged 16 to 59 years participated in the outreach programme out of which 109 (25.3%) had a DMFT score > 0. Mean DMFT was 0.7 ± 1.6. Fifty-five (12.8%) participants had decayed teeth, 78 (18.1 %) had missing teeth and 10(2.3%) had filled teeth. The treatment need was 34.3%, restorative index was 13.3% and significant caries index was 2.0. There were significant differences in caries experience based on age, marital status and educational qualifications of participants p < 0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of dental caries among the study group was low but the treatment need was high. Younger females, singles and those with lower educational qualifications had a higher dental caries experience.
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Caries-related factors and bacterial composition of supragingival plaques in caries free and caries active Algerian adults. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kaul S, Fair D, Wright J, Kirchhoff AC. Dental Care for Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer: Special Considerations. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2016; 5:152-8. [PMID: 27028878 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2015.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral health is important for quality of life, but may be undermanaged for survivors of cancer. We examine dental care use and barriers among long-term survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer in comparison to individuals without a history of cancer. METHODS The 2008-2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) identified 1216 individuals diagnosed with cancer at AYA ages (15-39 years), who were at least 5 years from diagnosis. A comparison group was matched using age, sex, and other factors. We evaluated self-reported dental visits in the previous 12 months, and inability and delay in receiving necessary dental care among survivors and the comparison group. Furthermore, individual factors associated with dental care use were identified using multivariable logistic regressions. RESULTS Of survivors, 60.86% reported no dental visits in the previous year compared to 51.96% of the comparison individuals (p < 0.001). Survivors were more likely to report inability (10.71% vs. 6.29%, p = 0.001) and delay (8.12% vs. 4.45%, p = 0.001) in getting necessary dental care than the comparison group. Notably, survivors without dental insurance were more likely to report inability and delay. Female survivors were more likely to use dental care than males (odds ratio = 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.15-2.71, p = 0.01). Hispanic survivors, those diagnosed at younger ages, and uninsured survivors were less likely to have at least one dental visit. CONCLUSION Survivors of AYA cancer need timely surveillance to manage late effects, including dental complications. Yet, these survivors, particularly those who are uninsured, delay dental care more often than individuals from the general population. Survivor-specific interventions are needed to reduce dental care barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Kaul
- 1 Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Douglas Fair
- 2 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jennifer Wright
- 3 Huntsman Cancer Institute and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anne C Kirchhoff
- 3 Huntsman Cancer Institute and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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Mamai-Homata E, Koletsi-Kounari H, Margaritis V. Gender differences in oral health status and behavior of Greek dental students: A meta-analysis of 1981, 2000, and 2010 data. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:60-8. [PMID: 27011935 PMCID: PMC4784066 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.175411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status and behavior of Greek dental students over time, and to meta-analyze these findings to test the widely documented hypothesis that women have better oral health behavior, oral hygiene, and periodontal status but higher dental caries rates than men. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total sample of 385 students was examined using identical indices to assess oral health and behavioral data initially in 1981 while the years 2000 and 2010 were selected due to significant changes that took place in the dental curriculum in the 1990s and 2000s. Data by gender concerning the outcome variables recorded in every one of the three surveys were analyzed using Mantel-Haenszel and continuous outcomes methods. RESULTS A significant improvement in the oral health status and behavior of students was observed over time. The meta-analysis of data by gender showed that females brushed their teeth significantly more often than males [summary odds ratio (OR): 1.95 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-3.54]. Males and females were found to have a similar risk of developing dental caries. CONCLUSION The hypothesis that young women have better oral hygiene habits compared to men was confirmed. However, the hypothesis that women have better oral hygiene and periodontal status but exhibit higher dental caries experience than men was not supported by the findings of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mamai-Homata
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Haroula Koletsi-Kounari
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Margaritis
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Kramer ACA, Hakeberg M, Petzold M, Östberg AL. Demographic factors and dental health of Swedish children and adolescents. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:178-85. [PMID: 26133545 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1063160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the dental health of Swedish children and adolescents with reference to age, gender and residence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic dental records from 300,988 3-19-year-olds in one Swedish region were derived in a cross-sectional study in years 2007-2009. The DMFT system was used. Age was categorized into 3-6/7-9/10-12/13-15/16-17/18-19-year-olds and residence into 'metropolitan', 'urban' and 'rural' areas. ANOVA, generalized linear regression models and Fisher's exact test were used. RESULTS Among 7-9-year-old children, nine out of 10 were free from fillings and manifest caries, while for 18-19-year-olds; this proportion was one third. Girls (18-19-year-olds) had a significantly lower risk of caries compared to boys of the same age, RR for the DT index = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.81-0.85). This pattern was reversed in 7-12-year-old children. Children and adolescents in metropolitan and urban areas had significantly more caries than subjects in rural areas, for instance the RR for the DT index in metropolitan 7-9-year-olds was 2.26 (95% CI = 2.11-2.42) compared to their rural counterparts. CONCLUSIONS In the permanent dentition, the overall pattern revealed that girls ≤ 12 years had a higher risk of caries, while adolescent girls had a lower risk of caries, both compared with boys of corresponding ages. Living in an urban or metropolitan area entailed a higher risk of caries than living in a rural area. A greater occurrence of dental caries in adolescents than in children was confirmed. The findings should have implications for planning and evaluation of oral health promotion and disease prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Catrin André Kramer
- a 1 Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland , Sweden
- b 2 Department of Behavioural and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hakeberg
- b 2 Department of Behavioural and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Max Petzold
- c 3 Centre for Applied Biostatistics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Östberg
- a 1 Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland , Sweden
- b 2 Department of Behavioural and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Göteborg, Sweden
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Quinteros ME, Cáceres DD, Soto A, Mariño RJ, Giacaman RA. Caries experience and use of dental services in rural and urban adults and older adults from central Chile. Int Dent J 2014; 64:260-8. [PMID: 25125265 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a relationship between the use of dental services and caries experience in adults and older adults from central Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 453 adults, 35-44 years of age, and 438 older adults, 65-74 years of age, was interviewed and examined using World Health Organisation (WHO) methods. Sociodemographic variables were also registered. Caries experience was assessed using the Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMFT) index. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine whether there was an association between the independent variables and caries experience. RESULTS Caries prevalence was 99.6% for adults [DMFT score = 14.89 (±6.16)] and 99.8% for older adults [DMFT score = 25.68 (±6.49)]. Less than half of the population - 41.7% of adults and 31.5% of older adults - received dental care. Regardless of the age group, there were no differences in the DMFT score between those who received and those who did not receive attention (P > 0.05). When the DMFT findings were analysed in greater detail, people who received dental care and urban participants had more fillings (P < 0.05) than did those who were not provided with attention or lived in rural areas, who, in turn, had more missing teeth (P < 0.05). A higher educational level was associated with a decrease of 1.15 DMFT points (P = 0.003) in the group of older adults. CONCLUSIONS Adults and older adults from the Maule Region showed severe dental damage from caries. Although rurality and use of services do not seem to affect caries experience, they are associated with differences in fillings and missing teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Quinteros
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
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Halpern LR, Kaste LM, Briggs C, DiPietro LA, Erwin K, Frantsve-Hawley J, Gordon S, Heaton B, Henshaw MM, Joskow R, Reisine ST, Sinkford JC. Women's oral health: growing evidence for enhancing perspectives. Dent Clin North Am 2013; 57:xv-xxviii. [PMID: 23570812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Women's health, including oral health, is an evolving science with foundation knowledge from many disciplines. Key milestones, particularly in the last decade, provide a roadmap towards the necessary inclusion of gender into dental practice. Such focus is especially important for the evolving role of oral health care providers as primary health care providers. Continued progress of the vibrant incorporation of evidence-based women's oral health into the standard practice of oral health care is encouraged. This expanded preface provides an introduction to this DCNA issue, a brief history and timeline of major women's oral health events, and resources for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Halpern
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meharry Medical College, School of Dentistry, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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Abstract
This article examines the differences and interaction between sex and gender, and how they affect women's oral and general health. The authors provide a definition of women's health, and examples of how this definition can be used to describe various oral health conditions and diseases in women. The article reviews the research on sex and gender and provides examples of their interactions. Examples of oral diseases that affect primarily women are reviewed. Advice for clinicians on the diagnosis, management, and prevention of these conditions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Niessen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Martinez-Mier EA, Zandona AF. The impact of gender on caries prevalence and risk assessment. Dent Clin North Am 2013; 57:301-315. [PMID: 23570807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries remains a common disease worldwide. There is evidence indicating that many caries risk factors provide a gender bias, placing women at a higher caries risk. Generally, dental caries disproportionally affects the poor and racial or ethnic minorities worldwide, with women suffering more from the disease. Differences in access to care as reflected by untreated caries rates also reflect gender disparities. There is a lack of evidence in regard to gender differences and dental caries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the evidence necessary to meet the oral health needs of both women and men worldwide.
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Özhayat EB, Gotfredsen K. Oral health-related quality-of-life in patients to be treated with fixed or removable partial dental prostheses. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:113-9. [PMID: 22401531 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.654249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to measure and describe the Oral Health-Related Quality-of-Life (OHRQoL) in a population about to receive removable dental prostheses (RDP) or fixed dental prostheses (FDP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Oral Health Impact Profile 49 (OHIP-49) was completed by 410 patients about to receive treatment with either RDP or FDP. Objective variables were: gender, age, number of teeth, type of replacement planned (FDP/RDP) and location (one jaw or both) and zone (aesthetic/masticatory/both) of missing teeth to be replaced. RESULTS Women had a worse OHRQoL than men in the RDP group. Higher age was significantly correlated with a better OHRQoL independent of treatment modality. Participants about to receive FDP in one jaw in the masticatory zone only had a better OHRQoL than RDP participants in the same group. The most frequently reported problems in all groups concerned functional limitations, discomfort and physical disabilities. Little variance in reported items was seen between the sub-groups and social handicap was not frequently reported. CONCLUSIONS The difference in OHRQoL between participants about to receive RDP and FDP was limited. The most frequently reported problems concerned functional limitations, discomfort and physical disabilities. Social handicap was not frequently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Boeskov Özhayat
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Lee HY, Choi YH, Park HW, Lee SG. Changing patterns in the association between regional socio-economic context and dental caries experience according to gender and age: a multilevel study in Korean adults. Int J Health Geogr 2012; 11:30. [PMID: 22839762 PMCID: PMC3464692 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effects of socio-environmental factors on dental caries in different demographic situations in Asian populations. We investigated whether the nature of the association between regional socio-economic context and dental caries experience differed according to gender and age groups in Korean adults. METHODS We obtained a linked data set containing individual information from the 2000 Korean National Oral Health Survey and regional information from the "Major statistical indices of Si-Gun-Gu" (city-county-ward), published by the Korean Statistical Office. We stratified participants into women and men and into four 10-year-interval age groups (19-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 years) and analysed the linked data using a multilevel analysis. In total, 5,259 individuals were included in the final study population. RESULTS Regional socio-economic context was significantly associated with dental caries experience in men, but not in women. The patterns of the association between regional contextual variables and dental caries experience differed among age groups. People 35-44 years of age living in areas less dependent on the manufacturing industry and those 45-54 years of age living in areas where local government was relatively poor were more prone to have caries experience. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that socio-economic factors affecting residents' dental health status may operate through different mechanisms or degrees according to geographic location, suggesting that some gender- and age-defined subgroups may be likely to benefit from different types of intervention, including the development of specific health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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23
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Falci SGM, de Castro CR, Santos RC, de Souza Lima LD, Ramos-Jorge ML, Botelho AM, Dos Santos CRR. Association between the presence of a partially erupted mandibular third molar and the existence of caries in the distal of the second molars. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:1270-4. [PMID: 22464852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify, using periapical radiographs, whether a partially erupted mandibular third molar is a factor in the presence of dental caries on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar. Two-forty six high quality periapical radiographs were selected, each showing a partially erupted mandibular third molar. The variables analyzed were: tooth number; gender; age; radiographic presence of caries on the distal surface of the adjacent molar; Pell and Gregory classification; Winter classification; angulation and distance between the second and mandibular third molar. The examiners were previously calibrated to collect data (kappa statistics from 0.87 to 1.0). The prevalence rate of caries on the distal surface of the second molar was 13.4%. In the logistical multivariate regression analysis, the angulation (OR=8.5; IC95%: 1.7-43.8; p=0.011) and the gender (OR=3.3; IC95%: 1.4-7.7; p=0.005) remained statistically significant after an age adjustment was made. The results indicate that the presence of a partially erupted mandibular third molar with an angulation of 31 degrees or more, is a risk factor for caries on the distal surface of the mandibular second molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G M Falci
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry School, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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ÖZHAYAT EB, GOTFREDSEN K. Effect of treatment with fixed and removable dental prostheses. An oral health-related quality of life study. J Oral Rehabil 2011; 39:28-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2011.02245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Lukacs JR. Gender differences in oral health in South Asia: metadata imply multifactorial biological and cultural causes. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:398-411. [PMID: 21448908 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTS This study was designed to examine the magnitude and etiology of gender differences in oral health. South Asia was selected for study because sex differences in caries rates exist in prehistory here, great cultural diversity provides context, and clinical reports document caries by gender. METHODS A literature survey yielded extensive data on caries rates in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The percentage of individuals with caries (prevalence) and the mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (experience) comprise the data. Statistical tests for gender differences come from published sources or were independently computed. RESULTS Higher caries rates were found more often among females than males. The data show that: (a) in male children caries rates are greater than, or equal to, female rates, (b) the gender bias reverses (F > M caries rates) from adolescence through the reproductive years, (c) mature adults typically exhibit significant differences, with higher caries rates in females, (d) a male gender bias in adults is rare, and (e) though some studies find no significant gender difference in caries, a female bias dominates. Tooth loss is also greater in women than men and often results from caries (vs. periodontal disease). CONCLUSIONS The gender gap in oral health exists in South Asia and results from genetic, hormonal, and cultural influences. Three cultural factors contribute to this gender gap South Asia: (a) the relative value of sons and daughters, (b) frequent fasting among Hindu women, and (c) the belief that dietary restrictions result in easier childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lukacs
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to give an inside view of professional career of a women dentist, addresses the unique demands of being a woman dentist, and highlight ways to address these issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Medline database, scholarly literature, and informal literature were considered for this review. RESULTS Working hours of female dentists do not differ significantly from the working hours of their male counterparts, until they have children. The female dentists' working hours showed a distinct drop as soon as they started a family. It was also found that women dentists are more likely to take career break. It is clear that childrearing and family responsibilities have a great impact on women's working life. Significant differences between males and females in work title and specialization were evident in an academic institution. Due to the societal orientation which regards women as primarily home makers, the responsibilities for family caretaking continues to fall disproportionately on women, and this fact could explain why women abandon their careers in the advanced stages. CONCLUSIONS Efforts should be made to identify and reduce barriers to women's advancement in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Pallavi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, V. S. Dental College and Hospital, V. V. Puram, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - G. C. Rajkumar
- Department of Oral & Maxillo-facial Surgery, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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