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Ding N, Liu J, Liu J, Zhao M, Liu L, Liu H, Yan J, Song W, Wen J, Zu S, Zhang X, Xu Y. The enhancing effect of 5-HT on phasic contractions of human isolated distal ureter and the mechanisms mediating these effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175715. [PMID: 37059373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) can enhance human ureteral contractions. However, the mediating receptors have not been clarified. This study sought to further characterize the mediating receptors using several selective antagonists and agonists. Human distal ureters were obtained from 92 patients undergoing cystectomy. The mRNA expression levels of 5-HT receptors were examined using RT-qPCR experiments. The phasic contractions of ureter strips, either spontaneous or evoked with neurokinin, were recorded in an organ bath. Among the 13 5-HT receptors, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors showed the highest mRNA expression levels. 5-HT (10-7-10-4 M) increased the frequency and baseline tension of phasic contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. However, a desensitization effect was observed. The 5-HT2C receptor selective antagonist, SB242084 (10,30,100nM), shifted the 5-HT concentration-response curves (frequency and baseline tension) rightward with a pA2 value of 8.05 and 7.75, respectively. 5-HT2C receptor selective agonist, vabicaserin, increased contraction frequency with an Emax of 35% of 5-HT. 5-HT2A receptor selective antagonist, volinanserin (1,10,100 nM), only reduced baseline tension with a pA2 of 8.18. The selective antagonists of 5-HT1A,1B, 1D, 2B, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 had no antagonism. Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, α1-adrenergic receptors, adrenergic neurotransmission, and neurokinin-2 receptors using tetrodotoxin, tamsulosin, guanethidine, and Men10376, respectively, and desensitization of sensory afferents using capsaicin (100 μM), significantly reduced 5-HT effects. We conclude that 5-HT enhanced ureteral phasic contractions mainly by activating 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptors. Sympathetic nerve and sensory afferents partly contributed to 5-HT effects. 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptors could be promising targets for ureteral stone expulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jieke Yan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiliang Wen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shulu Zu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Lim I, Chess-Williams R, Sellers D. 5-HT2A receptor is the predominant receptor mediating contraction of the isolated porcine distal ureter to 5-HT in young and old animals. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 818:328-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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3
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Lychkova AE, Pavone LM. Role of serotonin receptors in regulation of contractile activity of urinary bladder in rabbits. Urology 2013; 81:696.e13-8. [PMID: 23290148 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of different serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) receptor subtypes on urinary bladder contraction, pharmacologic analysis of electromotor activity (EMA) variation was performed using a rabbit bladder model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurements of EMA were performed on 3 urinary bladder portions: top, body, and trigone. The experiments were performed on 24 Shinshilla rabbits of both sexes, 5-6 months old, and weighing 2.5-4.0 kg. The bladder was isolated. Noninvasive electrodes were superimposed on the surface of the top, body, and trigone of the bladder. Contact between the electrode tips and the bladder surface was achieved. The bladder EMA was measured using bipolar silver electrodes for extracellular recordings. RESULTS The stimulation of the serotoninergic fibers and parasympathetic nerve resulted in increased bladder EMA frequency and amplitude (72% and 25%, respectively). The increase in bladder EMA was prevented by administration of selective inhibitors of serotonin receptor subtypes such as droperidol, spiperone, and sumatriptan. Exogenous serotonin administered to the rabbits after vagus nerve excitation increased the typical EMA of the bladder body smooth muscle. CONCLUSION The serotoninergic system has been widely implicated in the control of urinary bladder function. In the present study, we have demonstrated that preganglionic fibers and ganglionic serotoninergic neurons, expressing the 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors, and the effector smooth muscle cells, expressing 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors, are actively involved in the regulation of the bladder contractile activity in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla E Lychkova
- Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow, Russia
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Recio P, Barahona MV, Orensanz LM, Bustamante S, Martínez AC, Benedito S, García-Sacristán A, Prieto D, Hernández M. 5-hydroxytryptamine induced relaxation in the pig urinary bladder neck. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:271-80. [PMID: 19309355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is one of the inhibitory mediators in the urinary bladder outlet region. Here we investigated mechanisms involved in 5-HT-induced relaxations of the pig bladder neck. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Urothelium-denuded strips of pig bladder were mounted in organ baths for isometric force recordings of responses to 5-HT and electrical field stimulation (EFS). KEY RESULTS After phenylephrine-induced contraction, 5-HT and 5-HT receptor agonists concentration-dependently relaxed the preparations, with the potency order: 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) > 5-HT = RS67333 > (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralinhydrobromide > m-chlorophenylbiguanide > alpha-methyl-5-HT > ergotamine. 5-HT and 5-CT relaxations were reduced by the 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist (2R)-1-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)sulphonyl]-2-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine hydrochloride and potentiated by (S)-N-tert-butyl-3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylpropanamide dihydrochloride (WAY 100135) and cyanopindolol, 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1A/1B) receptor antagonists respectively. Inhibitors of 5-HT(1B/1D), 5-HT(2), 5-HT(2B/2C), 5-HT(3), 5-HT(4), 5-HT(5A) and 5-HT(6) receptors failed to modify 5-HT responses. Blockade of monoamine oxidase A/B, noradrenergic neurotransmission, alpha-adrenoceptors, muscarinic and purinergic receptors, nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase and prostanoid synthesis did not alter relaxations to 5-HT. Inhibitors of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) and ATP-dependent K(+) channels failed to modify 5-HT responses but blockade of neuronal voltage-gated Na(+)-, Ca(2+)- and voltage-gated K(+) (K(v))-channels potentiated these relaxations. Adenylyl cyclase activation and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibition potentiated and reduced, respectively, 5-HT-induced responses. Under non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic, non-nitrergic conditions, EFS induced neurogenic, frequency-dependent, relaxations which were resistant to WAY 100135 and cyanopindolol. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 5-HT relaxed the pig urinary bladder neck through muscle 5-HT(7) receptors linked to the cAMP-PKA pathway. Prejunctional 5-HT(1A) receptors and K(v) channels modulated 5-HT-induced relaxations whereas postjunctional K(+) channels were not involved in such responses. 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists could be useful in the therapy of urinary incontinence produced by intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Recio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Raynal G, Bellan J, Saint F, Tillou X, Petit J. [Ureter drugs]. Prog Urol 2008; 18:152-9. [PMID: 18472067 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many improvements have been made recently in the field of the ureteral smooth muscle pharmacology. After a brief summary on physiological basis, we review what is known about effects on ureter of different drugs class. In a second part, we review clinical applications for renal colic analgesia, calculi expulsive medical therapy, ESWL adjuvant treatment and preoperative treatment before retrograde access. There are now sufficient data on NSAID and alpha-blockers. beta-agonists, especially for beta3 selective ones, and topical drugs before retrograde access are interesting and should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raynal
- Service d'urologie et transplantation, CHU d'Amiens, hôpital Sud, boulevard Laennec, 80054 Salouel cedex, France.
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Canda AE, Turna B, Cinar GM, Nazli O. Physiology and pharmacology of the human ureter: basis for current and future treatments. Urol Int 2007; 78:289-98. [PMID: 17495484 DOI: 10.1159/000100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article sets out to be a review regarding agents that affect contraction and relaxation of the ureter in order to establish a basis for current and future treatments for upper urinary tract obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS A complete review of the English literature using MEDLINE was performed between 1960 and 2007 on ureter physiology and pharmacology with special emphasis on signal transduction mechanisms involved in the contractile regulation of the human ureter. RESULTS Activation of muscarinic and adrenergic receptors increases the amplitude of ureteral contractions. The sympathetic nerves modulate the contractions by alpha-adrenoceptors and relaxation by beta-adrenoceptors. The purinergic system is important in sensory/motor functions and ATP is an important non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) agent causing contraction. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major inhibitory NANC neurotransmitter causing relaxation. Serotonin causes contraction. Prostaglandin-F(2)alpha contracts whereas prostaglandin-E(1)/E(2) relaxes the ureter. Phosphodiesterases (PDE) and the Rho-kinase pathway have recently been identified in the human ureter. PDE-IV inhibitors, K(+) channel openers, calcium antagonists, alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists and NO donors seem to be promising drugs in relieving obstruction and facilitating stone passage. CONCLUSIONS Further understanding of the ureteral function and pharmacology may lead to the discovery of promising new drugs that could be useful in relieving ureteral colic, facilitating spontaneous stone passage, preparing the ureter for ureteroscopy as well as acting adjunctive to extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erdem Canda
- Manisa State Hospital, Urology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey
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7
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Focosi D, Kast RE, Maggi F, Ceccherini-Nelli L, Petrini M. Risperidone-induced reduction in JC viruria as a surrogate marker for efficacy against progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hemorrhagic cystitis. J Clin Virol 2007; 39:63-4. [PMID: 17409019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Luz CP, Souza A, Reis R, Mineiro P, Ferreira HS, Fregoneze JB, De Castro E Silva E. The central amygdala regulates sodium intake in sodium-depleted rats: Role of 5-HT3 and 5-HT2C receptors. Brain Res 2007; 1139:178-94. [PMID: 17288998 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we have evaluated the participation of 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2C) receptors in the central amygdala (CeA) in the regulation of water and salt intake in sodium-depleted rats. m-CPBG-induced pharmacological activation of 5-HT(3) receptors located in the CeA resulted in a significant reduction in salt intake in sodium-depleted rats. This antinatriorexic effect of m-CPBG was reverted by pretreatment with the selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist ondansetron. The injection of ondansetron alone into the CeA had no effect on sodium-depleted and normonatremic rats. Conversely, pharmacological stimulation of 5-HT(2C) receptors located in the central amygdala by the selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist m-CPP failed to modify salt intake in sodium-depleted rats. Additionally, the administration of a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor blocker, SDZ SER 082, failed to modify salt intake in rats submitted to sodium depletion. These results lead to the conclusion that the pharmacological activation of 5-HT(3) receptors located within the CeA inhibits salt intake in sodium-depleted rats and that 5-HT(2C) receptors located within the CeA appear to be dissociated from the salt intake control mechanisms operating in the central amygdala.
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MESH Headings
- Amygdala/drug effects
- Amygdala/metabolism
- Animals
- Appetite Regulation/drug effects
- Appetite Regulation/physiology
- Drinking/drug effects
- Drinking/physiology
- Male
- Microinjections
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/metabolism
- Serotonin Agents/pharmacology
- Sodium, Dietary/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Luz
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia 45200-000, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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9
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Luz C, Souza A, Reis R, Fregoneze JB, de Castro e Silva E. Role of 5-HT3 and 5-HT2C receptors located within the medial amygdala in the control of salt intake in sodium-depleted rats. Brain Res 2006; 1099:121-32. [PMID: 16765332 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2C) receptors located within the medial amygdala (MeA) in the control of water and salt intake in sodium-depleted rats. Pharmacological activation of 5-HT(3) receptors located in the medial amygdala by the selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonist m-CPBG significantly reduced salt intake in sodium-depleted rats, an effect that is reverted by pretreatment with the selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist ondansetron. In addition, the injection of ondansetron alone into the medial amygdala had no effect on salt intake in sodium-depleted and in sodium-repleted rats. Pharmacological stimulation of 5-HT(2C) receptors located in the medial amygdala by the selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist m-CPP failed to modify salt intake in sodium-depleted rats, whereas the blockade of these receptors by the selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SDZ SER 082 significantly reduced salt intake in this same group of animals. These results lead to the conclusion that the pharmacological activation of 5-HT(3) receptors located within the MeA inhibits salt intake in sodium-depleted rats and that, in this same brain region, the functional integrity of 5-HT(2C) receptors is required to achieve the full expression of sodium appetite in sodium-depleted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luz
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
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10
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Filip M, Bubar MJ, Cunningham KA. Contribution of serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2 receptor subtypes to the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2006; 183:482-9. [PMID: 16261316 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-0197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 5-HT2 receptor (5-HT2R) family is an important regulator of the behavioral responsiveness to cocaine. OBJECTIVE The present study is an analysis of the role of the 5-HT2R subtypes (5-HT2AR, 5-HT2BR, and 5-HT2CR) in the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine. METHODS Male Wistar rats were trained to discriminate cocaine (10 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever, water-reinforced FR 20 task, and we investigated the ability of the 5-HT2AR antagonist 1(Z)-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxyimino]-1(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2(E)-propene (SR 46349B), the 5-HT2BR antagonist N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl) urea (SB 204741), and the 5-HT2CR antagonist [(+)-cis-4,5,7a,8,9,10,11,11a-octahydro-7H-10-methylindolo(1,7-bC)(2,6)naphthyridine (SDZ SER-082) to substitute for or to modulate the stimulus effects of cocaine. RESULTS Pretreatment with SR 46349B (0.5-1 mg/kg) resulted in a rightward shift of the cocaine dose-response curve, while SDZ SER-082 (1 mg/kg) shifted the dose-response for cocaine to the left; SB 204741 (1-3 mg/kg) was inactive. CONCLUSIONS Our pharmacological analyses of selective antagonists of 5-HT2AR, 5-HT2BR, and 5-HT2CR indicate oppositional influence of 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR on the stimulus effects of cocaine and exclude a role for the 5-HT2BR. These data suggest that 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2CR may be important in modulating the subjective effects of cocaine in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Discrimination, Psychological/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fluorobenzenes/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Naphthyridines/pharmacology
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Reinforcement Schedule
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Stimulation, Chemical
- Urea/analogs & derivatives
- Urea/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Filip
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
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11
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Ferreira HS, Oliveira E, Faustino TN, Silva EDCE, Fregoneze JB. Effect of the activation of central 5-HT2C receptors by the 5-HT2C agonist mCPP on blood pressure and heart rate in rats. Brain Res 2005; 1040:64-72. [PMID: 15804427 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the role of central 5-HT2C receptors in the control of blood pressure and heart rate in non-stressed and stressed, adult, male, Wistar rats. Third ventricle injections of the 5-HT2C agonist mCPP elicited a significant increase in blood pressure in non-stressed animals. The initial period of this hypertensive response (10-30 min after mCPP administration) was accompanied by baroreflex-mediated bradycardia, while after this period the coexistence of hypertension and tachycardia was observed. These cardiovascular effects promoted by the central administration of mCPP were blocked by pretreatment with the 5-HT2C antagonist, SDZ SER 082. The administration of SDZ SER 082 alone induced no significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. The pharmacological stimulation of central 5-HT2C receptors by mCPP did not change the hypertensive or tachycardic responses induced by restraint stress. Conversely, the blockade of central 5-HT2C receptors by SDZ SER 082 blunted stress-induced hypertension without modifying stress-induced tachycardia. It is concluded that the activation of central 5-HT2C receptors induces hypertension in non-stressed rats and that the normal function of these receptors is essential for the rise in blood pressure that occurs in the course of restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Silva Ferreira
- Life Sciences Department, Bahia State University, 41195-001 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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12
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Therade-Matharan S, Laemmel E, Duranteau J, Vicaut E. Reoxygenation after hypoxia and glucose depletion causes reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria in HUVEC. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R1037-43. [PMID: 15205181 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00048.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In hemorrhagic shock, local hypoxia is present and followed by reoxygenation during the therapeutic process. In endothelium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as a cause of inflammatory reactions and tissular lesions in ischemic territory during reoxygenation. This study was designed to identify the enzymatic mechanisms of ROS formation during reoxygenation after hypoxia. Because severe shock, in vivo, can affect both O2and nutriments, we combined hypoxia at a level close to that found in terminal vessels during shock, with glucose depletion, which induces a relevant additional stress. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) underwent 2 h of hypoxia (Po2∼20 mmHg) without glucose and 1 h of reoxygenation (Po2∼120 mmHg) with glucose. ROS production was measured by the fluorescent marker 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and cell death by propidium iodide. After 1 h of reoxygenation, fluorescence had risen by 143 ± 17%. Cell death was equal to 8.6 ± 2.4%. Antimycin A and stigmatellin, which inhibits the type III mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, reduced ROS production to values of 61 ± 10 and 59 ± 7%, respectively, but inhibitors of other chain complexes did not affect it. In addition, the increase in fluorescence was not affected by inhibition of NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, NOS, cyclooxygenase, cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, or monoamine oxidase. We did not observe any increase in cell death. These results show that, in HUVEC, mitochondria are responsible for ROS production after hypoxia and reoxygenation and suggest that a ROS release site is activated in the cytochrome b of the type III respiratory chain complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Therade-Matharan
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Microcirculation, Université Paris 7, 10, Ave. de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France
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13
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Hernández M, Barahona MV, Recio P, Rivera L, Benedito S, Martínez AC, García-Sacristán A, Orensanz LM, Prieto D. Heterogeneity of neuronal and smooth muscle receptors involved in the VIP- and PACAP-induced relaxations of the pig intravesical ureter. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 141:123-31. [PMID: 14662737 PMCID: PMC1574168 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The mechanisms and receptors involved in the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)- and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-induced relaxations of the pig intravesical ureter were investigated. 2. VIP, PACAP 38 and PACAP 27 concentration-dependently relaxed U46619-contracted ureteral strips with a similar potency. [Ala(11,22,28)]-VIP, a VPAC(1) agonist, showed inconsistent relaxations. 3. The neuronal voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel inhibitor, omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CgTX, 1 microm), reduced the VIP relaxations. Urothelium removal or blockade of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents, nitric oxide (NO) synthase and guanylate cyclase with capsaicin (10 microm), N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NOARG, 100 microm) and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 5 microm), respectively, did not change the VIP relaxations. However, the PACAP 38 relaxations were reduced by omega-CgTX, capsaicin, l-NOARG and ODQ. 4. The VIP and VIP/PACAP receptor antagonists, [Lys(1), Pro(2,5), Arg(3,4), Tyr(6)]-VIP (1 microm) and PACAP (6-38) (0.4 microm), inhibited VIP and VIP and PACAP 38, respectively, relaxations. 5. The nonselective and large-conductance Ca(2)-activated K(+) channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (3 mm) and charybdotoxin (0.1 microm), respectively, and neuropeptide Y (0.1 microm) did not modify the VIP relaxations. The small-conductance Ca(2)-activated K(+) channel blocker apamin (1 microm) did not change the PACAP 27 relaxations. 6. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) blocker, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS, 100 microm), reduced VIP relaxations. The phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin relaxed ureteral preparations. The rolipram relaxations were reduced by Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS. Forskolin (30 nm) evoked a potentiation of VIP relaxations. 7. These results suggest that VIP and PACAP relax the pig ureter through smooth muscle receptors, probably of the VPAC(2) subtype, linked to a cAMP-PKA pathway. Neuronal VPAC receptors localized at motor nerves and PAC(1) receptors placed at sensory nerves and coupled to NO release, seem also to be involved in the VIP and PACAP 38 relaxations.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apamin/pharmacology
- Capsaicin/pharmacology
- Charybdotoxin/administration & dosage
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Guanylate Cyclase/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/physiology
- Neuropeptide Y/physiology
- Neuropeptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuropeptides/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/pharmacology
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/physiology
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
- Receptors, Peptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Peptide/drug effects
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/physiology
- Rolipram/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rolipram/pharmacology
- Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology
- Swine
- Tetraethylammonium/administration & dosage
- Ureter/cytology
- Ureter/drug effects
- Ureter/injuries
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology
- omega-Conotoxin GVIA/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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