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Alotaibi BS, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, Abd-Elhakim YM, Noreldin AE, Elhamouly M, Khamis T, El-Far AH, Alosaimi ME, Dahran N, Alqahtani LS, Nicotra M, El-Gamal M, Di Cerbo A. Exploring the link between pyrethroids exposure and dopaminergic degeneration through morphometric, immunofluorescence, and in-silico approaches: the therapeutic role of chitosan-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388784. [PMID: 38751787 PMCID: PMC11094265 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The synthetic pyrethroid derivative fenpropathrin (FNE), a commonly used insecticide, has been associated with various toxic effects in mammals, particularly neurotoxicity. The study addressed the hallmarks of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease upon oral exposure to fenpropathrin (FNE), mainly the alteration of dopaminergic markers, oxidative stress, and molecular docking in rat models. In addition, the protective effect of curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CRM-Chs-NPs) was also assessed. Methods: In a 60-day trial, 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, CRM-Chs-NPs (curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles), FNE (15 mg/kg bw), and FNE + CRM-Chs-NPs. Results: FNE exposure induced reactive oxygen species generation, ATP production disruption, activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, mitochondrial function and dynamics impairment, neurotransmitter level perturbation, and mitophagy promotion in rat brains. Molecular docking analysis revealed that FNE interacts with key binding sites of dopamine synthesis and transport proteins. On the other hand, CRM-Chs-NPs mitigated FNE's toxic effects by enhancing mitochondrial dynamics, antioxidant activity, and ATP production and promoting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses. Conclusion: In summary, FNE appears to induce dopaminergic degeneration through various mechanisms, and CRM-Chs-NPs emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for protecting the nervous tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Elhamouly
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Manal E. Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena S. Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Nicotra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Mohamed El-Gamal
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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Di Diego JM, Barajas-Martinez H, Cox R, Robinson VM, Jung J, Fouda M, Patocskai B, Abdelsayed M, Ruben PC, Antzelevitch C. Mechanisms underlying the antiarrhythmic effect of ARumenamide-787 in experimental models of the J wave syndromes and hypothermia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281977. [PMID: 37159454 PMCID: PMC10168548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada (BrS) and early repolarization syndromes (ERS), the so-called J wave syndromes (JWS), are associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Pharmacologic approaches to therapy are currently limited. In this study, we examine the effects of ARumenamide-787 (AR-787) to suppress the electrocardiographic and arrhythmic manifestations of JWS and hypothermia. METHODS We studied the effects of AR-787 on INa and IKr in HEK-293 cells stably expressing the α- and β1-subunits of the cardiac (NaV1.5) sodium channel and hERG channel, respectively. In addition, we studied its effect on Ito, INa and ICa in dissociated canine ventricular myocytes along with action potentials and ECG from coronary-perfused right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular wedge preparations. The Ito agonist, NS5806 (5-10 μM), ICa blocker, verapamil (2.5 μM), and INa blocker, ajmaline (2.5 μM), were used to mimic the genetic defects associated with JWS and to induce the electrocardiographic and arrhythmic manifestations of JWS (prominent J waves/ST segment elevation, phase 2 reentry and polymorphic VT/VF) in canine ventricular wedge preparations. RESULTS AR-787 (1, 10 and 50 μM) exerted pleiotropic effects on cardiac ion channels. The predominant effect was inhibition of the transient outward current (Ito) and enhancement of the sodium channel current (INa), with lesser effects to inhibit IKr and augment calcium channel current (ICa). AR-787 diminished the electrocardiographic J wave and prevented and/or suppressed all arrhythmic activity in canine RV and LV experimental models of BrS, ERS and hypothermia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to AR-787 as promising candidate for the pharmacologic treatment of JWS and hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Di Diego
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Hector Barajas-Martinez
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert Cox
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Victoria M. Robinson
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Jung
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Bence Patocskai
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Charles Antzelevitch
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
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Huang Y, Ma S, Wang Y, Yan R, Wang S, Liu N, Chen B, Chen J, Liu L. The Role of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines and Bioactive Ingredients on Ion Channels: A Brief Review and Prospect. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:257-265. [PMID: 30370864 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181026165400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), particularly the Chinese herbal medicines, are valuable sources of medicines and have been used for centuries. The term "TCMs" both represents to the single drug agent like Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis, and those herbal formulas like Jingshu Keli, Wenxin Keli and Danzhen powder. In recent years, the researches of TCMs developed rapidly to understand the scientific basis of these herbs. In this review, we collect the studies of TCM and their containing bioactive compounds, and attempt to provide an overview for their regulatory effects on different ion channels including Ca2+, K+, Na+, Cl- channels and TRP, P2X receptors. The following conditions are used to limit the range of our review. (i) Only the herbal materials are included in this review and the animal- and mineral-original TCMs are excluded. (ii) The major discussions in this review focus on single TCM agent and the herbal formulas are only discussed for a little. (iii) Those most famous herbal medicines like Capsicum annuum (pepper), Curcuma longa (ginger) and Cannabis sativa (marijuana) are excluded. (iv) Only those TCM herbs with more than 5 research papers confirming their effects on ion channels are discussed in this review. Our review discusses recently available scientific evidences for TCMs and related bioactive compounds that have been reported with the modulatory effects on different ion channels, and thus provides a new ethnopharmacological approach to understand the usage of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Renjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Laboratory of Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Department of CNS Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China.,Shanghai Professional and Technical Service Center for Biological Material Drug-ability Evaluation, Shanghai 200437, China
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Choudhary MI, Shaikh M, tul-Wahab A, ur-Rahman A. In silico identification of potential inhibitors of key SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) via molecular docking, MMGBSA predictive binding energy calculations, and molecular dynamics simulation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235030. [PMID: 32706783 PMCID: PMC7380638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of 2019 novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) has created a medical emergency throughout the world. Various efforts have been made to develop the vaccine or effective treatments against the disease. The discovery of crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease has made the in silico identification of its inhibitors possible. Based on its critical role in viral replication, the viral protease can prove to be a promising “target” for antiviral drug therapy. We have systematically screened an in-house library of 15,754 natural and synthetic compounds, established at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi. The in silico search for potential viral protease inhibitors resulted in nine top ranked ligands (compounds 1–9) against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID: 6LU7) based on docking scores, and predictive binding energies. The in silico studies were updated via carrying out the docking, and predictive binding energy estimation, with a recently reported crystal structure of main protease (PDB ID: 6Y2F) at a better resolution i.e., 1.95 Å. Compound 2 (molecular bank code AAA396) was found to have highest negative binding energy of −71.63 kcal/mol for 6LU7. While compound 3 (molecular bank code AAD146) exhibited highest negative binding energy of -81.92 kcal/mol for 6Y2F. The stability of the compounds- in complex with viral protease was analyzed by Molecular Dynamics simulation studies, and was found to be stable over the course of 20 ns simulation time. Compound 2, and 3 were predicted to be the significant inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) among the nine short listed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MIC); (MS); (ATW)
| | - Muniza Shaikh
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MIC); (MS); (ATW)
| | - Atia- tul-Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MIC); (MS); (ATW)
| | - Atta- ur-Rahman
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Reversing Effect of Insulin on Local Anesthetics-Induced Sciatic Nerve Block in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4252349. [PMID: 30984781 PMCID: PMC6432733 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4252349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Local anesthetics are used in various purposes from topical and infiltration anesthesia to peripheral nerve or central neural blockade. Even though local anesthetics are relatively safe, they can have some toxic and adverse effects. Prolonged sensory and motor block is another example of an unwanted complication. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether insulin has a reversal effect on the peripheral (sciatic) nerve block with lidocaine or bupivacaine. Methods The surgically exposed sciatic nerves in rats were blocked with lidocaine or bupivacaine, and then 0.1 ml of normal saline or 0.1 ml normal saline containing 0.1 IU a short-acting form of insulin was administrated per body in each group. Before and after sciatic nerve block, as well as until recovery from the nerve block after normal saline or insulin treatment, nerve conduction studies such as monitoring loss and recovery of the waveforms and amplitudes were performed to evaluate the status of motor nerve conduction. Results Complete recovery time of nerve conduction status in lidocaine + normal saline group was 58 ± 16 min, whereas that in lidocaine + insulin group was 17 ± 3 min and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Complete recovery time of nerve conduction status in bupivacaine + normal saline group was 116 ± 16 min and that in bupivacaine + insulin group was 36 ± 4 min and the two groups were significantly different (p < 0.01). Conclusions Insulin can reverse peripheral nerve block induced by lidocaine or bupivacaine.
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Vikram A, Lewarchik CM, Yoon JY, Naqvi A, Kumar S, Morgan GM, Jacobs JS, Li Q, Kim YR, Kassan M, Liu J, Gabani M, Kumar A, Mehdi H, Zhu X, Guan X, Kutschke W, Zhang X, Boudreau RL, Dai S, Matasic DS, Jung SB, Margulies KB, Kumar V, Bachschmid MM, London B, Irani K. Sirtuin 1 regulates cardiac electrical activity by deacetylating the cardiac sodium channel. Nat Med 2017; 23:361-367. [PMID: 28191886 PMCID: PMC6218171 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated cardiac Na+ channel (Nav1.5), encoded by the SCN5A gene, conducts the inward depolarizing cardiac Na+ current (INa) and is vital for normal cardiac electrical activity. Inherited loss-of-function mutations in SCN5A lead to defects in the generation and conduction of the cardiac electrical impulse and are associated with various arrhythmia phenotypes. Here we show that sirtuin 1 deacetylase (Sirt1) deacetylates Nav1.5 at lysine 1479 (K1479) and stimulates INa via lysine-deacetylation-mediated trafficking of Nav1.5 to the plasma membrane. Cardiac Sirt1 deficiency in mice induces hyperacetylation of K1479 in Nav1.5, decreases expression of Nav1.5 on the cardiomyocyte membrane, reduces INa and leads to cardiac conduction abnormalities and premature death owing to arrhythmia. The arrhythmic phenotype of cardiac-Sirt1-deficient mice recapitulated human cardiac arrhythmias resulting from loss of function of Nav1.5. Increased Sirt1 activity or expression results in decreased lysine acetylation of Nav1.5, which promotes the trafficking of Nav1.5 to the plasma membrane and stimulation of INa. As compared to wild-type Nav1.5, Nav1.5 with K1479 mutated to a nonacetylatable residue increases peak INa and is not regulated by Sirt1, whereas Nav1.5 with K1479 mutated to mimic acetylation decreases INa. Nav1.5 is hyperacetylated on K1479 in the hearts of patients with cardiomyopathy and clinical conduction disease. Thus, Sirt1, by deacetylating Nav1.5, plays an essential part in the regulation of INa and cardiac electrical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Vikram
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Jin-Young Yoon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Asma Naqvi
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gina M Morgan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julia S Jacobs
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Young-Rae Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Modar Kassan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider Mehdi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xiaoqun Guan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - William Kutschke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ryan L Boudreau
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shengchuan Dai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniel S Matasic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Vascular Biology Section, Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus M Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barry London
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, and Heart and Vascular Center, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Bertrand D, Biton B, Licher T, Chambard JM, Lanneau C, Partiseti M, Lefevre IA. Functional Studies of Sodium Channels: From Target to Compound Identification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 75:9.21.1-9.21.35. [PMID: 27960031 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last six decades, voltage-gated sodium (Nav ) channels have attracted a great deal of scientific and pharmaceutical interest, driving fundamental advances in both biology and technology. The structure and physiological function of these channels have been extensively studied; clinical and genetic data have uncovered their implication in diseases such as epilepsy, arrhythmias, and pain, bringing them into focus as current and future drug targets. While different techniques have been established to record the activity of Nav channels, proper determination of their properties still presents serious challenges, depending upon the experimental conditions and the desired subtype of channel to be characterized. The aim of this unit is to review the characteristics of Nav channels, their properties, the cells in which they can be studied, and the currently available techniques. Topics covered include the determination of Nav -channel biophysical properties as well as the use of toxins to discriminate between subtypes using electrophysiological or optical methods. Perspectives on the development of high-throughput screening assays with their advantages and limitations are also discussed to allow a better understanding of the challenges encountered in voltage-gated sodium channel preclinical drug discovery. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Kim JG, Sung DJ, Kim HJ, Park SW, Won KJ, Kim B, Shin HC, Kim KS, Leem CH, Zhang YH, Cho H, Bae YM. Impaired Inactivation of L-Type Ca2+ Current as a Potential Mechanism for Variable Arrhythmogenic Liability of HERG K+ Channel Blocking Drugs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149198. [PMID: 26930604 PMCID: PMC4772914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proarrhythmic effects of new drugs have been assessed by measuring rapidly activating delayed-rectifier K+ current (IKr) antagonist potency. However, recent data suggest that even drugs thought to be highly specific IKr blockers can be arrhythmogenic via a separate, time-dependent pathway such as late Na+ current augmentation. Here, we report a mechanism for a quinolone antibiotic, sparfloxacin-induced action potential duration (APD) prolongation that involves increase in late L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL) caused by a decrease in Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI). Acute exposure to sparfloxacin, an IKr blocker with prolongation of QT interval and torsades de pointes (TdP) produced a significant APD prolongation in rat ventricular myocytes, which lack IKr due to E4031 pretreatment. Sparfloxacin reduced peak ICaL but increased late ICaL by slowing its inactivation. In contrast, ketoconazole, an IKr blocker without prolongation of QT interval and TdP produced reduction of both peak and late ICaL, suggesting the role of increased late ICaL in arrhythmogenic effect. Further analysis showed that sparfloxacin reduced CDI. Consistently, replacement of extracellular Ca2+ with Ba2+ abolished the sparfloxacin effects on ICaL. In addition, sparfloxacin modulated ICaL in a use-dependent manner. Cardiomyocytes from adult mouse, which is lack of native IKr, demonstrated similar increase in late ICaL and afterdepolarizations. The present findings show that sparfloxacin can prolong APD by augmenting late ICaL. Thus, drugs that cause delayed ICaL inactivation and IKr blockage may have more adverse effects than those that selectively block IKr. This mechanism may explain the reason for discrepancies between clinically reported proarrhythmic effects and IKr antagonist potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Kim
- Department of Physiology and the Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Next-Generation Pharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Jun Sung
- Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Choongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun-ji Kim
- Department of Physiology and the Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Woong Park
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jong Won
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Ho Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Suk Kim
- Next-Generation Pharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chae Hun Leem
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology and the Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Young Min Bae
- Department of Physiology, KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, South Korea
- * E-mail: ;
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Xiong J, Zhang X, Huang J, Chen C, Chen Z, Liu L, Zhang G, Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Xiong N, Wang T. Fenpropathrin, a Widely Used Pesticide, Causes Dopaminergic Degeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:995-1008. [PMID: 25575680 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin is one of the widely used pyrethroids in agriculture and household and also reported to have neurotoxic effects in rodent models. In our Parkinson's disease (PD) clinic, there was a unique patient with a history of daily exposure to fenpropathrin for 6 months prior to developing Parkinsonian symptoms progressively. Since whether fenpropathrin is related to any dopaminergic degeneration was unknown, we aimed in this study to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of fenpropathrin on the dopaminergic system and associated mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. In cultured SH-SY5Y cells, fenpropathrin caused cell death, reactive oxygen species generation, Lewy body-associated proteins aggregation, and Lewy body-like intracytoplasmic inclusions formation. In rodent animals, two different injections of fenpropathrin were used for administrations, intraperitoneal (i.p), or stereotaxical (ST). The rats exhibited lower number of pokes 60 days after first i.p injection, while the rats in ST group showed a significant upregulation of apomorphine-evoked rotations 60 days after first injection. Decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) immunoreactivity, while increased dopamine transporter (DAT) immunoreactivity were observed in rats of either i.p or ST group 60 days after the last exposure to fenpropathrin. However, the number of TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra was more reduced 120 days after the first i.p injection than those of 60 days. Our data demonstrated that exposure to fenpropathrin could mimic the pathologic and pathogenetic features of PD especially in late onset cases. These results imply fenpropathrin as a DA neurotoxin and a possible environmental risk factor for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chunnuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaolong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Neuroscience Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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10
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Wang J, Xiong X, Feng B. Cardiovascular effects of salvianolic Acid B. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:247948. [PMID: 23840250 PMCID: PMC3691933 DOI: 10.1155/2013/247948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SAB, Sal B) is the representative component of phenolic acids derived from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (Labiatae) which has been used widely and successfully in Asian countries for clinical therapy of various vascular disturbance-related diseases for hundreds of years. However, its exact cardioprotective components and the underlying mechanism for therapeutic basis are still poorly understood. This paper discussed and elucidated the underlying biological mechanisms and pharmacology of Sal B and their potential cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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11
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Wu AZY, Loh SH, Cheng TH, Lu HH, Lin CI. Antiarrhythmic effects of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, a novel sodium channel agonist in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:69-80. [PMID: 23116965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), a polyphenol extracted from green tea, has been proposed as an effective compound for improving cardiac contractility. However, the therapeutic potential of ECG on the treatment of arrhythmia remains unknown. We investigated the direct actions of ECG on the modulation of ion currents and cardiac cell excitability in the primary culture of neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM), which is considered a hypertrophic model for analysis of myocardial arrhythmias. By using the whole-cell patch-clamp configurations, we found ECG enhanced the slowly inactivating component of voltage-gated Na(+) currents (I(Na)) in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-100 μM) with an EC(50) value of 3.8 μM. ECG not only shifted the current-voltage relationship of peak I(Na) to the hyperpolarizing direction but also accelerated I(Na) recovery kinetics. Working at a concentration level of I(Na) enhancement, ECG has no notable effect on voltage-gated K(+) currents and L-type Ca(2+) currents. With culture time increment, the firing rate of spontaneous action potential (sAP) in NRVMs was gradually decreased until spontaneous early after-depolarization (EAD) was observed after about one week culture. ECG increased the firing rate of normal sAP about two-fold without waveform alteration. Interestingly, the bradycardia-dependent EAD could be significantly restored by ECG in fast firing rate to normal sAP waveform. The expression of dominant cardiac sodium channel subunit, Nav1.5, was consistently detected throughout the culture periods. Our results reveal how ECG, the novel I(Na) agonist, may act as a promising candidate in clinical applications on cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Zhi-Yang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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12
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Synthesis of a dual-labeled probe of dimethyl lithospermate B with photochemical and fluorescent properties. Molecules 2011; 16:9886-99. [PMID: 22124203 PMCID: PMC6264775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16129886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl lithosermate B (DLB) is a highly potent natural antioxidant and antidiabetic polyphenol with unknown mode of action. To determine its cellular targets, a photochemical and fluorescent dimethyl lithopermate B probe was designed and efficiently synthesized. The dual-labeled chemical probe for biological application was evaluated by UV and fluorescence to determine its electrochemical absorption and emission properties. This probe could be valuable for investigating ligand-protein interactions and subcellular localization.
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13
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Constitutive CaMKII activity regulates Na+ channel in rat ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:475-84. [PMID: 19591836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac voltage-gated Na(+) channel controls the upstroke of action potential and membrane excitability. The Na(+) channel associates with Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), but the role of CaMKII on Na(+) channel activity in the resting state is not clear. In this report, we investigated whether CaMKII constitutively regulates Na(+) currents (I(Na)), independent of Ca(2+) influx in rat ventricular myocytes using patch clamp technique. CaMKII inhibition (by KN93 or autocamtide-related inhibitory peptide) caused a negative shift in I(Na) steady-state inactivation and delayed recovery from slow inactivation, limiting channel availability. The reduction of I(Na) was 29.47+/-3.01% at a holding potential (V(h)) of -120 mV and it increased to 77.70+/-7.92% when V(h) was -70 mV, suggesting that near the resting membrane potential, three-quarters of I(Na) depends on CaMKII action. CaMKII inhibition also enhanced intermediate inactivation, as well as delayed recovery from fast inactivation, and decreased late I(Na). KN92, an inactive analog of KN93, had no effect on I(Na). Using an antibody against phosphorylated (activated) CaMKII, we found that constitutively active CaMKII co-immunoprecipitated with Na(+) channels under resting conditions. CaMKII inhibitors reduced the level of phosphorylated CaMKII, which correlated with the degree of reduction in channel availability. These data suggest that CaMKII in an active form contributes to regulating I(Na). Finally, we observed a drastic reduction in the upstroke velocity of action potentials upon CaMKII inhibition. In conclusion, CaMKII constitutively regulates cardiac Na(+) channel and this regulatory mechanism is important for the maintenance of Na(+) channel characteristics under physiological conditions.
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14
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Park SJ, Choi KS, Shin DH, Kim JS, Jang DS, Youm JB, Choe H, Earm YE, Kim SJ. Effects of mixed herbal extracts from parched Puerariae radix, gingered Magnoliae cortex, Glycyrrhizae radix and Euphorbiae radix (KIOM-79) on cardiac ion channels and action potentials. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24:403-12. [PMID: 19543501 PMCID: PMC2698184 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KIOM-79, a mixture of ethanol extracts from four herbs (parched Puerariae radix, gingered Magnoliae cortex, Glycyrrhizae radix and Euphorbiae radix), has been developed for the potential therapeutic application to diabetic symptoms. Because screening of unexpected cardiac arrhythmia is compulsory for the new drug development, we investigated the effects of KIOM-79 on the action potential (AP) and various ion channel currents in cardiac myocytes. KIOM-79 decreased the upstroke velocity (V(max)) and plateau potential while slightly increased the duration of action potential (APD). Consistent with the decreased V(max) and plateau potential, the peak amplitude of Na+ current (I(Na)) and Ca2+ current (I(Ca,L)) were decreased by KIOM-79. KIOM-79 showed dual effects on hERG K+ current; increase of depolarization phase current (I(depol)) and decreased tail current at repolarization phase (I(tail)). The increase of APD was suspected due to the decreased I(tail). In computer simulation, the change of cardiac action potential could be well simulated based on the effects of KIOM-79 on various membrane currents. As a whole, the influence of KIOM-79 on cardiac ion channels are minor at concentrations effective for the diabetic models (0.1-10 microg/mL). The results suggest safety in terms of the risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Also, our study demonstrates the usefulness of the cardiac computer simulation in screening drug-induced long-QT syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmaceutical Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Herbal Pharmaceutical Development, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Beom Youm
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology and Research Institute for Biomacromolecules, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung E Earm
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Kidney Research Institute (KRI), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Activation of high conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels by sodium tanshinoneII-A sulfonate (DS-201) in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 598:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Lam FFY, Seto SW, Kwan YW, Yeung JHK, Chan P. Activation of the iberiotoxin-sensitive BKCa channels by salvianolic acid B of the porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 546:28-35. [PMID: 16928370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) crude extract, some of its lipid-soluble components (tanshinone I, tanshinone II(A), cryptotanshinone, dihydroisotanshinone I) and the water-soluble compounds (danshensu and salvianolic acid B) on the K(+) channels such as the iberiotoxin-sensitive Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels and the glibenclamide-sensitive ATP-dependent K(+) (IK(ATP)) channels of the porcine left anterior descending coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Cumulative application of salvianolic acid B (30-300 microM) caused a l-NNA (100 microM)-insensitive, potentiation of the outward BK(Ca) current amplitude with no apparent effect on the IK(ATP) channels opening. Salvianolic acid B (300 microM) caused an ODQ (10 microM, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor)-sensitive enhancement of the outward BK(Ca) current amplitude. In contrast, none of the other isolated chemical constituents of S. miltiorrhiza modified the openings of the two types of K(+) channels studied. In conclusion, our results suggest that salvianolic acid B, a major hydrophilic constituent found in Radix S. miltiorrhiza, activated the opening of the BK(Ca) channels of the porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells through the activation of guanylate cyclase without the involvement of the nitric oxide synthase activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzofurans/pharmacology
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Cromakalim/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Glyburide/pharmacology
- Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ion Channel Gating/drug effects
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitroarginine/pharmacology
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Potassium Channels/drug effects
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/drug effects
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/metabolism
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Drug/drug effects
- Receptors, Drug/metabolism
- Salvia miltiorrhiza
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Fu Yuen Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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17
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Fish JM, Welchons DR, Kim YS, Lee SH, Ho WK, Antzelevitch C. Dimethyl lithospermate B, an extract of Danshen, suppresses arrhythmogenesis associated with the Brugada syndrome. Circulation 2006; 113:1393-400. [PMID: 16534004 PMCID: PMC1475954 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.601690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl lithospermate B (dmLSB) is an extract of Danshen, a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, which slows inactivation of INa, leading to increased inward current during the early phases of the action potential (AP). We hypothesized that this action would be antiarrhythmic in the setting of Brugada syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS The Brugada syndrome phenotype was created in canine arterially perfused right ventricular wedge preparations with the use of either terfenadine or verapamil to inhibit INa and ICa or pinacidil to activate IK-ATP. AP recordings were simultaneously recorded from epicardial and endocardial sites together with an ECG. Terfenadine, verapamil, and pinacidil each induced all-or-none repolarization at some epicardial sites but not others, leading to ST-segment elevation as well as an increase in both epicardial and transmural dispersions of repolarization (EDR and TDR, respectively) from 12.9+/-9.6 to 107.0+/-54.8 ms and from 22.4+/-8.1 to 82.2+/-37.4 ms, respectively (P<0.05; n=9). Under these conditions, phase 2 reentry developed as the epicardial AP dome propagated from sites where it was maintained to sites at which it was lost, generating closely coupled extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Addition of dmLSB (10 micromol/L) to the coronary perfusate restored the epicardial AP dome, reduced EDR and TDR to 12.4+/-18.1 and 24.4+/-26.7 ms, respectively (P<0.05; n=9), and abolished phase 2 reentry-induced extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in 9 of 9 preparations. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that dmLSB is effective in eliminating the arrhythmogenic substrate responsible for the Brugada syndrome and that it deserves further study as a pharmacological adjunct to implanted cardioverter/defibrillator usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Fish
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, NY 13501-1787, USA.
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18
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Wang W, Hu GY, Wang YP. Selective modulation of L-type calcium current by magnesium lithospermate B in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Life Sci 2005; 78:2989-97. [PMID: 16376948 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) is the main water-soluble principle of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (also called as 'Danshen' in the traditional Chinese medicine) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. MLB was found to possess a variety of pharmacological actions. However, it is unclear whether and how MLB affects the cardiac ion channels. In the present study, the effects of MLB on the voltage-activated ionic currents were investigated in single ventricular myocytes of adult guinea pigs. MLB reversibly inhibited L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)). The inhibition was use-dependent and voltage-dependent (the IC(50) value of MLB was 30 microM and 393 microM, respectively, at the holding potential of -50 mV and -100 mV). In the presence of 100 microM MLB, both the activation and steady-state inactivation curves of I(Ca,L) were markedly shifted to hyperpolarizing membrane potentials, whereas the time course of recovery of I(Ca,L) from inactivation was not altered. MLB up to 300 microM had no significant effect on the fast-inactivating Na(+) current (I(Na)), delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(K)) and inward rectifier K(+) current (I(K1)). The results suggest that the voltage-dependent Ca(2+) antagonistic effect of MLB work in concert with its antioxidant action for attenuating heart ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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19
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Endoh M. A Na+ channel agonist: a potential cardiotonic agent with a novel mechanism? Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143:663-5. [PMID: 15492018 PMCID: PMC1575929 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Endoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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