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Bolouri MR, Ghods R, Zarnani K, Vafaei S, Falak R, Zarnani AH. Human amniotic epithelial cells exert anti-cancer effects through secretion of immunomodulatory small extracellular vesicles (sEV). Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:329. [PMID: 36307848 PMCID: PMC9616706 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified here mechanism by which hAECs exert their anti-cancer effects. We showed that vaccination with live hAEC conferred effective protection against murine colon cancer and melanoma but not against breast cancer in an orthotopic cancer cell inoculation model. hAEC induced strong cross-reactive antibody response to CT26 cells, but not against B16F10 and 4T1 cells. Neither heterotopic injection of tumor cells in AEC-vaccinated mice nor vaccination with hAEC lysate conferred protection against melanoma or colon cancer. Nano-sized AEC-derived small-extracellular vesicles (sEV) (AD-sEV) induced apoptosis in CT26 cells and inhibited their proliferation. Co-administration of AD-sEV with tumor cells substantially inhibited tumor development and increased CTL responses in vaccinated mice. AD-sEV triggered the Warburg’s effect leading to Arginine consumption and cancer cell apoptosis. Our results clearly showed that it is AD-sEV but not the cross-reactive immune responses against tumor cells that mediate inhibitory effects of hAEC on cancer development. Our results highlight the potential anti-cancer effects of extracellular vesicles derived from hAEC. Anti-cancer effects of hAEC depend on cancer type. Cross-reactive humoral responses do not mediate anti-cancer effects of hAEC. Anti-cancer effects of hAECs are mainly mediated by small-extracellular vesicles (sEV). hAEC-derived sEV (AD-sEV) trigger the Warburg’s effect leading to Arginine consumption and cancer cell apoptosis. AD-sEV substantially inhibits tumor development and increases survival and CTL responses.
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2
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Zhao L, Zhang S, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Liu P. Dendritic cell transfer for cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 370:33-64. [PMID: 35798506 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in cancer immunosurveillance as they bridge innate and adaptive immunity by detecting tumor-associated antigens and presenting them to T lymphocytes. The adoptive transfer of antigen loaded DCs has been proposed as an immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of various types of cancer. Nevertheless, despite promising preclinical data, the therapeutic efficacy of DC transfer is still deceptive in cancer patients. Here we summarize recent findings in DC biology with a special focus on the development of actionable therapeutic strategies and discuss experimental and clinical approaches that aim at improving the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapies, including, but not limited to, optimized DC production and antigen loading, stimulated maturation, the co-treatment with additional immunotherapies, as well as the inhibition of DC checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France.
| | - Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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3
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Liu XW, Zhou DH. Application status of high intensity focused ultrasound in treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:807-812. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i6.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most common and important site of metastases for colorectal cancer, and liver metastasis is one of the important factors leading to treatment failure in colorectal cancer. The traditional methods for treating liver metastases of colorectal cancer (CRLM) are not satisfactory and are often associated with a poor prognosis. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a new technique for local ablation of solid tumors not only has advantages of less trauma, fewer complications, faster recovery and definite tumor necrosis, but also can preserve and enhance the host anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, HIFU ablation has been increasingly used for the therapy of tumors in clinical settings. This paper gives an overview of mechanisms of action and application status of HIFU in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases, and explores current challenges and future perspectives.
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Park SN, Noh KT, Jeong YI, Jung ID, Kang HK, Cha GS, Lee SJ, Seo JK, Kang DH, Hwang TH, Lee EK, Kwon B, Park YM. Rhamnogalacturonan II is a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist that inhibits tumor growth by activating dendritic cell-mediated CD8+ T cells. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e8. [PMID: 23392255 PMCID: PMC3584663 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) vaccination on the induction of antitumor immunity in a mouse lymphoma model using EG7-lymphoma cells expressing ovalbumin (OVA). BMDCs treated with RG-II had an activated phenotype. RG-II induced interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production during dendritic cell (DC) maturation. BMDCs stimulated with RG-II facilitate the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Using BMDCs from the mice deficient in Toll-like receptors (TLRs), we revealed that RG-II activity is dependent on TLR4. RG-II showed a preventive effect of immunization with OVA-pulsed BMDCs against EG7 lymphoma. These results suggested that RG-II expedites the DC-based immune response through the TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Nam Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, and Research Center for Hepatic and Biliary Cancer Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
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Szondy K, Rusai K, Szabó AJ, Nagy A, Gal K, Fekete A, Kovats Z, Losonczy G, Lukacsovits J, Müller V. Tumor Cell Expression of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 72 is Influenced by HSP72 [HSPA1B A(1267)G] Polymorphism and Predicts Survival in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Patients. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:317-22. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.657815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Szondy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary,1
| | - Krisztina Rusai
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, and Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary2
| | - Attila J. Szabó
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, and Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary2
| | - Andrea Nagy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary,1
| | - Krisztina Gal
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary,1
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, and Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary2
| | - Andrea Fekete
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, and Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary2
| | - Zsuzsanna Kovats
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary,1
| | - Gyorgy Losonczy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary,1
| | | | - Veronika Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University,
Budapest, Hungary,1
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Sun YL, Xu C, Su CQ, Ma JX, Gao J, Man XH, Li ZS. Recombinant adenovirus-mediated Hsp70 gene expression inhibits tumor growth in a rat xenograft model of pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:15-21. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effect of recombinant adenovirus Ad5-pCEA-Hsp70-mediated Hsp70 gene expression on tumor growth in a rat xenograft model of pancreatic cancer, and to analyze the underlying mechanism.
METHODS: A rat xenograft model of pancreatic cancer was established, and model animals were randomly divided into three groups, which were given Ad5-pCEA-Hsp70, Ad5-control and PBS treatment, respectively. Antitumor effect was evaluated by comparing tumor size at different time points among the three groups. ELISA was used to detect the peripheral blood levels of Hsp70 protein, INF-g, TNF-a and IL-6. HE staining was used to detect lymphocyte infiltration. Animal spleen mononuclear cells were isolated to determine the proportion of CD83+ cells by flow cytometry. Cell-killing ability of spleen lymphocytes was observed in vitro.
RESULTS: At 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment, tumor volume in the Ad5-CEA-Hsp70 group was significantly lower than that in the Ad5-control group and PBS group (724.4 mm3 ± 81.6 mm3vs 901.3 mm3 ± 103.9 mm3, 987.5 mm3 ± 126.0 mm3; 681.3 mm3 ± 64.9 mm3vs 1 270.6 mm3 ± 131.6 mm3, 1 398.5 mm3 ± 193.0 mm3; 648.0 mm3 ± 65.9 mm3vs 1 487.0 mm3 ± 243.0 mm3, 1 660.0 mm3 ± 167.0 mm3; all P < 0.01). The levels of Hsp70 protein and cytokines INF-g, TNF-a and IL-6 in peripheral blood in the Ad5-pCEA-Hsp70 group were significantly higher than those in the Ad5-control group and PBS group (all P < 0.01). Compared to the Ad5-control group and PBS group, Ad5-pCEA-Hsp70 group had more lymphocytic infiltration. The proportion of CD83+ cells in the Ad5-pCEA-Hsp70 group was significantly higher than that in the Ad5-control group and PBS group (10.8% ± 1.3% vs 5.1% ± 0.6%, 4.8% ± 0.6%; both P < 0.01). In the lymphocyte-mediated CTL experiment, when the cell ratio of effect: target was 1:1, there was no significant difference in the cell killing ability among the three groups (P > 0.05), but with the increase in the effect: target cell ratio, the cell killing ability in the Ad5-pCEA-Hsp70 group was significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Hsp70 gene expression mediated by recombinant adenovirus Ad5-pCEA-Hsp70 could inhibit tumor growth in a rat xenograft model of pancreatic cancer via mechanisms that are related to the promotion of dentritic cell maturation, induction of cytokine secretion, and promotion of lymphocyte infiltration.
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Ma Y, Conforti R, Aymeric L, Locher C, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. How to improve the immunogenicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2011; 30:71-82. [PMID: 21298323 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy or radiotherapy could induce various tumor cell death modalities, releasing tumor-derived antigen as well as danger signals that could either be captured for triggering antitumor immune response or ignored. Exploring the interplay among therapeutic drugs, tumor cell death and the immune cells should improve diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic management of tumor. We summarized some of the cell death-derived danger signals and the mechanism for host to sense and response to cell death in the tumor microenvironment. Based on the recent clinical or experimental findings, several strategies have been suggested to improve the immunogenicity of cell death and augment antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ma
- INSERM, U1015, 94805 Villejuif, France
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He A, Zhang W, Xu K, Wang J, Yang Y, Chao X. Anti-tumor immune responses in immune-reconstituted mice injected with a tumor vaccine. Med Oncol 2011; 29:2261-9. [PMID: 21761245 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis-driven proliferation of T cells is an important means of reconstituting T-cell-dependent immunity after lymphodepletion regimens, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Immune-reconstituted mice that receive a tumor vaccine mount more efficient anti-tumor immune responses compared with control mice. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-tumor immune responses in immune-reconstituted mice vaccinated with inactivated leukemia cells and explored the mechanisms underlying these immune responses. Test C57BL/6 mice were lymphodepleted by irradiation and immune-reconstituted with naïve mouse spleen lymphocytes. Mice were then injected with an inactivated FBL-3 tumor cell vaccine and challenged with FBL-3 tumor cells. Anti-tumor responses were evaluated by determining the rate of tumor formation, latency, tumor size, interferon gamma levels, and macrophage and CTL cytotoxicities. When challenged with tumor cells, immune-reconstituted, vaccinated mice exhibited a significantly lower mortality, smaller average tumor volume, and a significantly longer mean survival time. They had more robust cellular immunity, reflected by higher levels of INF-γ production and higher macrophage- and CTL-mediated cytotoxicities. Our results suggest that immune reconstitution enhanced the anti-tumor immune responses in mice injected with a tumor vaccine via generation of CTLs. These results have important implications for immunotherapy used for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili He
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi Province, China
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9
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Xie Y, Bai O, Zhang H, Yuan J, Zong S, Chibbar R, Slattery K, Qureshi M, Wei Y, Deng Y, Xiang J. Membrane-bound HSP70-engineered myeloma cell-derived exosomes stimulate more efficient CD8(+) CTL- and NK-mediated antitumour immunity than exosomes released from heat-shocked tumour cells expressing cytoplasmic HSP70. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2655-66. [PMID: 19627400 PMCID: PMC4373481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXO) derived from tumour cells have been used to stimulate antitumour immune responses, but only resulting in prophylatic immunity. Tumour-derived heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) molecules are molecular chaperones with a broad repertoire of tumour antigen peptides capable of stimulating dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T-cell immune responses. To enhance EXO-based antitumour immunity, we generated an engineered myeloma cell line J558HSP expressing endogenous P1A tumour antigen and transgenic form of membrane-bound HSP70 and heat-shocked J558HS expressing cytoplasmic HSP70, and purified EXOHSP and EXOHS from J558HSP and J558HS tumour cell culture supernatants by ultracentrifugation. We found that EXOHSP were able to more efficiently stimulate maturation of DCs with up-regulation of Iab, CD40, CD80 and inflammatory cytokines than EXOHS after overnight incubation of immature bone-marrow-derived DCs (5 × 106 cells) with EXO (100 μg), respectively. We also i.v. immunized BALB/c mice with EXO (30 μg/mouse) and assessed P1A-specific T-cell responses after immunization. We demonstrate that EXOHSP are able to stimulate type 1 CD4+ helper T (Th1) cell responses, and more efficient P1A-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and antitumour immunity than EXOHS. In addition, we further elucidate that EXOHSP-stimulated antitumour immunity is mediated by both P1A-specific CD8+ CTL and non-P1A-specific natural killer (NK) responses. Therefore, membrane-bound HSP70-expressing tumour cell-released EXO may represent a more effective EXO-based vaccine in induction of antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xie
- Research Unit, Division of Health Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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10
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Hwang SJ, Kim HS, Chung DH. Fas/Fas Ligand–mediated Apoptosis Promotes Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Mice by Enhancing Maturation of Dendritic Cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:1250-61. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200909-1337oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Xie Y, Bai O, Yuan J, Chibbar R, Slattery K, Wei Y, Deng Y, Xiang J. Tumor apoptotic bodies inhibit CTL responses and antitumor immunity via membrane-bound transforming growth factor-beta1 inducing CD8+ T-cell anergy and CD4+ Tr1 cell responses. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7756-66. [PMID: 19789353 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell apoptosis induced by radiation therapy results in apoptotic tumor cells and apparition of membrane blebs termed apoptotic bodies (APB). The immune responses induced by apoptotic tumor cells have been extensively studied. However, the role of APB in modulation of tumor immune responses is elusive. In this study, we induced apoptosis in 90% ovabumin-expressing EG7 tumor cells by in vitro irradiation (9,000 rad) of tumor cells with a subsequent cell culture for 9 hours. APB purified from irradiation-induced apoptotic EG7 cell culture supernatant by differential ultracentrifugation were vesicles with 50 to 90 nm in diameter and expressed apoptosis-specific Annexin V, 14-3-3, and Histone H3. We then investigated its potential modulation in DC(OVA)-induced T-cell responses and antitumor immunity. We found that EG7-derived APB were tolerogenic and capable of suppressing DC(OVA)-stimulated CD8+ CTL responses and antitumor immunity via its induction of CD8+ T-cell anergy and type 1 regulatory CD4+ T-cell responses. Analysis of apoptotic tumor cells and APB revealed the expression of membrane-bound transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 associated with irradiation-induced apoptosis formation, which is a result from activation of transcriptional factor NF-AT specific for TGF-beta1 promoters. Our data further elucidate that it is the membrane-bound TGF-beta1 expression on APB that contributes to its in vitro antiproliferative effect as shown by using neutralizing TGF-beta1-specific antibody. Administration of anti-TGF-beta1 antibody in vivo also blocked APB-mediated immune suppression of CD8+ CTL responses and antitumor immunity. Therefore, our study may have great impact in designing a combined radiation therapy with immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xie
- Research Unit, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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12
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Abrogation of local cancer recurrence after radiofrequency ablation by dendritic cell-based hyperthermic tumor vaccine. Mol Ther 2009; 17:2049-57. [PMID: 19773743 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Local recurrence is a therapeutic challenge for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of small solid focal malignancies. Here we show that RFA induced heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) translocation in xenografted melanoma, which might create a proinflammatory microenvironment that favors tumor antigen presentation and activation of the effector T cells. On this basis, we investigate whether a prime-boost strategy combining a prime with heat-shocked tumor cell lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (HT-DC) followed by an in situ boost with radiofrequency thermal ablation can prevent local tumor recurrence. The combination treatment with HT-DC and RFA showed potent antitumor effects, with >or=90% of tumor recurrence abrogated following RFA treatment. By contrast, prevaccination with unheated tumor lysate-pulsed DC had little effect on tumor relapse. Analysis of the underlying mechanism revealed that splenocytes from mice treated with HT-DC plus RFA contained significantly more tumor-specific, IFN-gamma-secreting T cells compared with control groups. Moreover, adoptive transfer of splenocytes from successfully treated tumor-free mice protected naive animals from tumor recurrence following RFA, and this was mediated mainly by CD8(+) T cells. Therefore, the optimal priming for the DC vaccination before RFA is important for boosting antigen-specific T cell responses and prevention of cancer recurrence.
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Tesniere A, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Joza N, Panaretakis T, Kepp O, Schlemmer F, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunogenic cancer cell death: a key-lock paradigm. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:504-11. [PMID: 18573340 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Physiological cell death, which occurs as a continuous byproduct of cellular turnover, is non-immunogenic or even tolerogenic, thereby avoiding autoimmunity. By contrast, cancer cell death elicited by radiotherapy and some chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines is immunogenic. Recent data suggest that innate and cognate immune responses elicited by such anti-cancer agents are required for an optimal therapeutic outcome, underscoring the clinical relevance of immunogenic cell death. Here we discuss the concept that immunogenic death involves changes in the composition of the cell surface, as well as the release of soluble immunogenic signals that occur in a defined temporal sequence. This 'key' then operates on a series of receptors expressed by dendritic cells (DC, the 'lock') to allow for the presentation of tumor antigens to T cells and for the initiation of a productive immune response. Immunogenic cell death is characterized by the early cell surface exposure of chaperones including calreticulin and/or heat shock proteins, which determine the uptake of tumor antigens and/or affect DC maturation. Moreover, the late release of High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which acts on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), is required for optimal presentation of antigens from dying tumor cells. Nonetheless, numerous details on the molecular events that define immunogenicity remain to be defined, both at the level of the dying cancer cells and at the level of the responding innate effectors.
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Gu QL, Huang X, Ren WH, Shen L, Liu BY, Chen SY. Targeting hepatitis B virus antigens to dendritic cells by heat shock protein to improve DNA vaccine potency. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5911-7. [PMID: 17990356 PMCID: PMC4205437 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i44.5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate a novel DNA vaccination based upon expression of the HBV e antigen fused to a heat shock protein (HSP) as a strategy to enhance DNA vaccine potency.
METHODS: A pCMV-HBeAg-HSP DNA vaccine and a control DNA vaccine were generated. Mice were immunized with these different construct. Immune responses were measured 2 wk after a second immunization by a T cell response assay, CTL cytotoxicity assay, and an antibody assay in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. CT26-HBeAg tumor cell challenge test in vivo was performed in BALB/c mice to monitor anti-tumor immune responses.
RESULTS: In the mice immunized with pCMV-HBe-HSP DNA, superior CTL activity to target HBV-positive target cells was observed in comparison with mice immunized with pCMV-HBeAg (44% ± 5% vs 30% ± 6% in E: T > 50:1, P < 0.05). ELISPOT assays showed a stronger T-cell response from mice immunized with pCMV-HBe-HSP than that from pCMV-HBeAg immunized animals when stimulated either with MHC classIor class II epitopes derived from HBeAg (74% ± 9% vs 31% ± 6%, P < 0.01). ELISA assays revealed an enhanced HBeAg antibody response from mice immunized with pCMV-HBe-HSP than from those immunized with pCMV-HBeAg. The lowest tumor incidence and the slowest tumor growth were observed in mice immunized with pCMV-HBe-HSP when challenged with CT26-HBeAg.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate a broad enhancement of antigen-specific CD4+ helper, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell, and B-cell responses by a novel DNA vaccination strategy. They also proved a stronger antigen-specific immune memory, which may be superior to currently described HBV DNA vaccination strategies for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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Che J, Doubrovin M, Serganova I, Ageyeva L, Beresten T, Finn R, Blasberg R. HSP70-Inducible hNIS-IRES-eGFP Reporter Imaging: Response to Heat Shock. Mol Imaging 2007. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2007.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantu Che
- From the Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Memorial Hospital, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mikhail Doubrovin
- From the Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Memorial Hospital, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Inna Serganova
- From the Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Memorial Hospital, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lyudmila Ageyeva
- From the Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Memorial Hospital, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tatiana Beresten
- From the Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Memorial Hospital, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ronald Finn
- From the Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Memorial Hospital, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ronald Blasberg
- From the Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Memorial Hospital, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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16
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Huang CY, Chen CA, Lee CN, Chang MC, Su YN, Lin YC, Hsieh CY, Cheng WF. DNA vaccine encoding heat shock protein 60 co-linked to HPV16 E6 and E7 tumor antigens generates more potent immunotherapeutic effects than respective E6 or E7 tumor antigens. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 107:404-12. [PMID: 17905417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccination based on tumor antigen is an attractive strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. Cervical cancer is highly associated with human papillomavirus, especially type 16. We developed DNA vaccines encoding heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) linked to HPV16 E6 or E7 to test if HSP60 chimeric DNA vaccines may generate strong E6 and/or E7-specific immune response and anti-tumor effects in vaccinated mice. METHODS In vivo antitumor effects such as preventive, therapeutic, and antibody depletion experiments were performed. In vitro assays such as intracellular cytokine stainings, ELISA for Ab responses, and direct and cross-priming effects, were also performed. RESULTS HSP60 chimeric DNA vaccines generated strong E6- or E7-specific immune responses and anti-tumor effects in vaccinated mice via direct and cross-priming effects. HSP60 was also linked with both E6 and E7 antigens and the HSP60/E6/E7 chimeric DNA vaccine generated more potent immunotherapeutic effects on E6- and E7-expressing tumors than HSP60/E6 or HSP60/E7 chimeric DNA vaccine alone. CONCLUSION Utilization of both E6 and E7 tumor antigens can advance the therapy of tumors associated with HPV-infections. The DNA vaccine encoding heat shock protein 60 co-linked to HPV16 E6 and E7 tumor antigens can generate more potent immunotherapeutic effects than E6 or E7 tumor antigens alone.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chaperonin 60/genetics
- Chaperonin 60/immunology
- DNA/administration & dosage
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
- Papillomavirus Infections/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Osterloh A, Breloer M. Heat shock proteins: linking danger and pathogen recognition. Med Microbiol Immunol 2007; 197:1-8. [PMID: 17638015 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-007-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Besides their central function in protein folding and transport within the cell, heat shock proteins (HSP) have been shown to modulate innate and adaptive immune response: (1) HSP mediate uptake and MHC presentation of HSP-associated peptides by antigen-presenting cells (APC). (2) HSP function as endogenous danger signals indicating cell stress and tissue damage to the immune system. (3) HSP bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules and modulate PAMP-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Thus, HSP contribute to both, recognition of "danger" defined as uncontrolled tissue destruction and recognition of dangerous "nonself". In this review these different aspects of immune stimulation by HSP will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Osterloh
- Department of Immunology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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