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Puga M, Serrano JG, García EL, González Carracedo MA, Jiménez-Canino R, Pino-Yanes M, Karlsson R, Sullivan PF, Fregel R. El Hierro Genome Study: A Genomic and Health Study in an Isolated Canary Island Population. J Pers Med 2024; 14:626. [PMID: 38929847 PMCID: PMC11204744 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
El Hierro is the smallest and westernmost island of the Canary Islands, whose population derives from an admixture of different ancestral components and that has been subjected to genetic isolation. We established the "El Hierro Genome Study" to characterize the health status and the genetic composition of ~10% of the current population of the island, accounting for a total of 1054 participants. Detailed demographic and clinical data and a blood sample for DNA extraction were obtained from each participant. Genomic genotyping was performed with the Global Screening Array (Illumina). The genetic composition of El Hierro was analyzed in a subset of 416 unrelated individuals by characterizing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome haplogroups and performing principal component analyses (PCAs). In order to explore signatures of isolation, runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were also estimated. Among the participants, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were the most prevalent conditions. The most common mtDNA haplogroups observed were of North African indigenous origin, while the Y-chromosome ones were mainly European. The PCA showed that the El Hierro population clusters near 1000 Genomes' European population but with a shift toward African populations. Moreover, the ROH analysis revealed some individuals with an important portion of their genomes with ROHs exceeding 400 Mb. Overall, these results confirmed that the "El Hierro Genome" cohort offers an opportunity to study the genetic basis of several diseases in an unexplored isolated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Puga
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
| | - Javier G. Serrano
- Evolution, Paleogenomics and Population Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Elsa L. García
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
| | - Mario A. González Carracedo
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Rubén Jiménez-Canino
- Genomics Service, Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - María Pino-Yanes
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (M.P.); (E.L.G.); (M.A.G.C.); (M.P.-Y.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.); (P.F.S.)
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.); (P.F.S.)
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rosa Fregel
- Evolution, Paleogenomics and Population Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
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Cabrera VM. New Canary Islands Roman mediated settlement hypothesis deduced from coalescence ages of curated maternal indigenous lineages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11150. [PMID: 38750053 PMCID: PMC11096394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic studies have contributed to reconstructing the human history of the Canary Islands population. The recent use of new ancient DNA targeted enrichment and next-generation sequencing techniques on new Canary Islands samples have greatly improved these molecular results. However, the bulk of the available data is still provided by the classic mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies carried out on the indigenous, historical, and extant human populations of the Canary Islands. In the present study, making use of all the accumulated mitochondrial information, the existence of DNA contamination and archaeological sample misidentification in those samples is evidenced. Following a thorough review of these cases, the new phylogeographic analysis revealed the existence of a heterogeneous indigenous Canarian population, asymmetrically distributed across the various islands, which most likely descended from a unique mainland settlement. These new results and new proposed coalescent ages are compatible with a Roman-mediated arrival driven by the exploitation of the purple dye manufacture in the Canary Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente M Cabrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain.
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Senczuk G, Macrì M, Di Civita M, Mastrangelo S, Del Rosario Fresno M, Capote J, Pilla F, Delgado JV, Amills M, Martínez A. The demographic history and adaptation of Canarian goat breeds to environmental conditions through the use of genome-wide SNP data. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:2. [PMID: 38172652 PMCID: PMC10763158 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of goats in the Canary Islands dates back to the late 1st millennium BC, which coincides with the colonization by the Amazigh settlers. However, the exact geographic origin of Canarian goats is uncertain since the Amazigh peoples were distributed over a wide spatial range. Nowadays, three Canarian breeds (Palmera, Majorera and Tinerfeña) are officially recognized, along with two distinct South and North Tinerfeña ecotypes, with the South Tinerfeña and Majorera goats thriving in arid and dry semi-desertic environments and the Palmera and North Tinerfeña goats are adapted to humid and temperate areas that are influenced by trade winds. Genotypes for 224 Canarian goats were generated using the Illumina Goat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)50 BeadChip. By merging these data with the genotypes from 1007 individuals of African and Southern European ancestry, our aim was to ascertain the geographic origin of the Canarian goats and identify genes associated with adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. RESULTS The diversity indices of the Canarian breeds align with most of those of the analyzed local breeds from Africa and Europe, except for the Palmera goats that showed lower levels of genetic variation. The Canarian breeds demonstrate a significant genetic differentiation compared to other populations, which indicates a history of prolonged geographic isolation. Moreover, the phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that the ancestry of the Canarian goats is fundamentally North African rather than West African. The ADMIXTURE and the TreeMix analyses showed no evidence of gene flow between Canarian goats and other continental breeds. The analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH) identified 13 ROH islands while the window-based FST method detected 25 genomic regions under selection. Major signals of selection were found on Capra hircus (CHI) chromosomes 6, 7, and 10 using various comparisons and methods. CONCLUSIONS This genome-wide analysis sheds new light on the evolutionary history of the four breeds that inhabit the Canary Islands. Our findings suggest a North African origin of the Canarian goats. In addition, within the genomic regions highlighted by the ROH and FST approaches, several genes related to body size and heat tolerance were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Senczuk
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Martina Macrì
- Animal Breeding Consulting S.L., 14014, Córdoba, Spain
- Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marika Di Civita
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Juan Capote
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Científicas, 38260, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Marcel Amills
- CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Sánchez-Cañadillas E, Beaumont J, Santana-Cabrera J, Gorton M, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M. The early lives of the islanders: Stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine collagen from the prehispanic period of the Canary Islands. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:300-317. [PMID: 37530169 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents isotopic information for incremental dentine collagen and bone bulk collagen from individuals from the Canary Islands (Tenerife and Gran Canaria) to explore dietary differences during childhood life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight individuals have been studied, which comprises 122 δ15 N and δ13 C incremental dentine measurements and eight bulk bone collagen analyses. A baseline of potentially consumed food sources has been developed for comparative purposes. A food reconstruction using isotopic transferred signals (FRUITS) model of probable contributions of each food source towards the diet of each individual has been developed. All samples but one belongs to the later period of indigenous occupation of the archipelago. RESULTS The dentine collagen data are presented in correlated δ13 C and δ15 N plots per individual, showing the isotopic changes throughout time. δ15 N values for each individual tend to be variable whereas δ13 C data are generally more stable with a range of +9.1 to +14‰ for δ15 N and -17.4 to -20.8‰ for δ13 C. CONCLUSION The isotopic analysis allows for the reconstruction of eight dietary profiles, which allow us to estimate the different dietary protein sources. The FRUITS model shows different percentages of the primary food sources for each individual. Where both δ13 C and δ15 N are elevated, this could be indicative of a higher marine contribution to the diet. There appear to be two main dietary profiles identifiable in the dataset and these may be related to changes in status or place of residence. Short-term variations in δ13 C and δ15 N and opposing co-variance of isotopic values can be indicative of nutritional stress, although metabolic changes during growth are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Sánchez-Cañadillas
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Jonathan Santana-Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marise Gorton
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Matilde Arnay-de-la-Rosa
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
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Serrano JG, Ordóñez AC, Santana J, Sánchez-Cañadillas E, Arnay M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Morales J, Velasco-Vázquez J, Alberto-Barroso V, Delgado-Darias T, de Mercadal MCC, Hernández JC, Moreno-Benítez MA, Pais J, Ringbauer H, Sikora M, McColl H, Pino-Yanes M, Ferrer MH, Bustamante CD, Fregel R. The genomic history of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4641. [PMID: 37582830 PMCID: PMC10427657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The indigenous population of the Canary Islands, which colonized the archipelago around the 3rd century CE, provides both a window into the past of North Africa and a unique model to explore the effects of insularity. We generate genome-wide data from 40 individuals from the seven islands, dated between the 3rd-16rd centuries CE. Along with components already present in Moroccan Neolithic populations, the Canarian natives show signatures related to Bronze Age expansions in Eurasia and trans-Saharan migrations. The lack of gene flow between islands and constant or decreasing effective population sizes suggest that populations were isolated. While some island populations maintained relatively high genetic diversity, with the only detected bottleneck coinciding with the colonization time, other islands with fewer natural resources show the effects of insularity and isolation. Finally, consistent genetic differentiation between eastern and western islands points to a more complex colonization process than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier G Serrano
- Evolution, Paleogenomics and Population Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alejandra C Ordóñez
- Tarha Group, Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jonathan Santana
- Tarha Group, Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Elías Sánchez-Cañadillas
- Tarha Group, Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Matilde Arnay
- Bioanthropology: Paleopathology, Diet and Nutrition in Ancient Populations Group, Department of Prehistory, Anthropology and Ancient History, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Amelia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tarha Group, Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jacob Morales
- Tarha Group, Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Javier Velasco-Vázquez
- Servicio de Patrimonio Histórico, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Hernández
- Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera, San Sebastián de La Gomera, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Pais
- Museo Arqueológico Benahoarita, Los Llanos de Aridane, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Harald Ringbauer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Sikora
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hugh McColl
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Hernández Ferrer
- Molecular Genetics and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Fregel
- Evolution, Paleogenomics and Population Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Rubin JD, Vogel NA, Gopalakrishnan S, Sackett PW, Renaud G. HaploCart: Human mtDNA haplogroup classification using a pangenomic reference graph human mtDNA haplogroup inference. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011148. [PMID: 37285390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup classification tools map reads to a single reference genome and perform inference based on the detected mutations to this reference. This approach biases haplogroup assignments towards the reference and prohibits accurate calculations of the uncertainty in assignment. We present HaploCart, a probabilistic mtDNA haplogroup classifier which uses a pangenomic reference graph framework together with principles of Bayesian inference. We demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms available tools by being more robust to lower coverage or incomplete consensus sequences and producing phylogenetically-aware confidence scores that are unbiased towards any haplogroup. HaploCart is available both as a command-line tool and through a user-friendly web interface. The C++ program accepts as input consensus FASTA, FASTQ, or GAM files, and outputs a text file with the haplogroup assignments of the samples along with the level of confidence in the assignments. Our work considerably reduces the amount of data required to obtain a confident mitochondrial haplogroup assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Daniel Rubin
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicola Alexandra Vogel
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Wad Sackett
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Renaud
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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García-Olivares V, Rubio-Rodríguez LA, Muñoz-Barrera A, Díaz-de Usera A, Jáspez D, Iñigo-Campos A, Rodríguez Pérez MDC, Cabrera de León A, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, González-Montelongo R, Cabrera VM, Flores C. Digging into the admixture strata of current-day Canary Islanders based on mitogenomes. iScience 2022; 26:105907. [PMID: 36647378 PMCID: PMC9840145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The conquest of the Canary Islands by Europeans began at the beginning of the 15th century and culminated in 1496 with the surrender of the aborigines. The collapse of the aboriginal population during the conquest and the arrival of settlers caused a drastic change in the demographic composition of the archipelago. To shed light on this historical process, we analyzed 896 mitogenomes of current inhabitants from the seven main islands. Our findings confirm the continuity of aboriginal maternal contributions and the persistence of their genetic footprints in the current population, even at higher levels (>60% on average) than previously evidenced. Moreover, the age estimates for most autochthonous founder lineages support a first aboriginal arrival to the islands at the beginning of the first millennium. We also revealed for the first time that the main recognizable genetic influences from Europe are from Portuguese and Galicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Olivares
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,Plataforma Genómica de Alto Rendimiento para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Luis A. Rubio-Rodríguez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Adrián Muñoz-Barrera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz-de Usera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Jáspez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Iñigo-Campos
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José M. Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rafaela González-Montelongo
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,Plataforma Genómica de Alto Rendimiento para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Flores
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,Plataforma Genómica de Alto Rendimiento para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando de Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain,Corresponding author
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8
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Grau-Pérez M, Borrego L, Carretero G, Almeida P, Cano J. Assessing the effect of environmental and socio-economic factors on skin melanoma incidence: an island-wide spatial study in Gran Canaria (Spain), 2007-2018. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:1261-1272. [PMID: 35925499 PMCID: PMC9427872 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin melanoma incidence has risen in the last decades becoming a major public health problem in many regions of the world. Geographic variation of rates is not well understood. PURPOSE To assess the spatial distribution of skin melanoma in Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain) and to evaluate the role of environmental, socio-economic, and demographic factors in this distribution. METHODS We performed a small-area study with disease mapping at the census-tract level (CT) in Gran Canaria between 2007 and 2018. After testing for spatial autocorrelation, we integrated individual-level health data with census-based demographic and socio-economic indicators, and satellite-based environmental data. Finally, we assessed the role of demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors on skin melanoma incidence using a Bayesian analytical framework, with options for non-spatial and spatial random effects. RESULTS 1058 patients were diagnosed with invasive skin melanoma in the study period and geolocated to a CT (number of CT in Gran Canaria = 565). We found evidence of global spatial autocorrelation in skin melanoma incidence (Moran's I = 0.09, pseudo p-value = 0.001). A few hotspots were detected, fundamentally in urban northern tracts. A radial pattern of high values was also observed in selected ravines with historical isolation. Multivariable conditional autoregressive models identified urbanicity, percent of females, and a high socio-economic status as risk factors for disease. Solar radiation did not show a significant role. CONCLUSION Urbanicity and a high socio-economic status were identified as the main risk factors for skin melanoma. These associations might reflect differential melanoma susceptibilities or be explained by health inequalities in detection. This study also uncovered high-risk areas in particular ravines. Future targeted research in these regions might help better understand the role of genetic and toxic factors in melanoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Grau-Pérez
- grid.4521.20000 0004 1769 9380Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Calle Juan de Quesada 30, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ,grid.73221.350000 0004 1767 8416Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Borrego
- grid.4521.20000 0004 1769 9380Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Calle Juan de Quesada 30, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Gregorio Carretero
- grid.411250.30000 0004 0399 7109Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pablo Almeida
- grid.411322.70000 0004 1771 2848Dermatology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jorge Cano
- Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (ESPEN), World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
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Sánchez-Cañadillas E, Carballo J, Padrón E, Hernández JC, Melián GV, Navarro Mederos JF, Pérez NM, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M. Dietary changes across time: Studying the indigenous period of La Gomera using δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotope analysis and radiocarbon dating. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:137-155. [PMID: 33404099 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article presents new radiocarbon and isotopic data to provide further information about the diet of the indigenous population of La Gomera and its possible changes across time. MATERIALS AND METHODS δ13 C and δ15 N of 53 human and 19 faunal samples from different sites on the island have been obtained and analyzed. Of these, 52 have been radiocarbon dated to provide insight on chronological changes. RESULTS Human dates range from the 3rd to 15th centuries AD, while faunal dates range from the 1st to 17th centuries AD. Stable carbon and nitrogen values are significantly different between the human and goat samples and have also a trophic increase of 3.4‰. Although male and female δ15 N data are not significantly different. Both δ13 C and δ15 N values of both human and animal samples tend to discretely decrease over time. DISCUSSION Radiocarbon dates from humans correlate with other dates obtained in the rest of the archipelago. Animal radiocarbon dates generally coincide except for one date, which requires further study. Isotopic δ15 N data suggest a mix of marine and terrestrial protein consumption in humans, the latter being more abundant given the seasonality of the first. δ13 C data also suggest a possible mixed diet in humans, with a predominance of C3 plants, like Hordeum vulgare, the only grain found in archaeological sites so far. Variations of both δ13 C and δ15 N over time suggest a slight modification on the diet, which could be related to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Sánchez-Cañadillas
- Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jared Carballo
- Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Eleazar Padrón
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Área de Medio ambiente, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández
- Cabildo Insular de La Gomera y Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera, San Sebastián de La Gomera, Spain
| | - Gladys V Melián
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Área de Medio ambiente, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Navarro Mederos
- Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Nemesio M Pérez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Área de Medio ambiente, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.,Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Matilde Arnay-de-la-Rosa
- Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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10
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Fregel R, Ordóñez AC, Serrano JG. The demography of the Canary Islands from a genetic perspective. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:R64-R71. [PMID: 33295602 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of European colonies across the world had important demographic consequences because it brought together diverse and distant civilizations for the first time. One clear example of this phenomenon is observed in the Canary Islands. The modern Canarian population is mainly the result of the admixture of natives of North African origin and European colonizers. However, additional migratory flows reached the islands due to the importation of enslaved Africans to cultivate sugarcane and the intense commercial contact with the American continent. In this review, we evaluate how the genetic analysis of indigenous, historical and current populations has provided a glimpse into the Canary Islands' complex genetic composition. We show that each island subpopulation's characterization is needed to fully disentangle the demographic history of the Canarian archipelago. Finally, we discuss what research avenues remain to be explored to improve our knowledge of the impact that the European colonization had on its native population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Alejandra C Ordóñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento Geografía e Historia, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier G Serrano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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11
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Lucas-Sánchez M, Serradell JM, Comas D. Population history of North Africa based on modern and ancient genomes. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:R17-R23. [PMID: 33284971 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with the rest of the African continent, North Africa has provided limited genomic data. Nonetheless, the genetic data available show a complex demographic scenario characterized by extensive admixture and drift. Despite the continuous gene flow from the Middle East, Europe and sub-Saharan Africa, an autochthonous genetic component that dates back to pre-Holocene times is still present in North African groups. The comparison of ancient and modern genomes has evidenced a genetic continuity in the region since Epipaleolithic times. Later population movements, especially the gene flow from the Middle East associated with the Neolithic, have diluted the genetic autochthonous component, creating an east to west gradient. Recent historical movements, such as the Arabization, have also contributed to the genetic landscape observed currently in North Africa and have culturally transformed the region. Genome analyses have not shown evidence of a clear correlation between cultural and genetic diversity in North Africa, as there is no genetic pattern of differentiation between Tamazight (i.e. Berber) and Arab speakers as a whole. Besides the gene flow received from neighboring areas, the analysis of North African genomes has shown that the region has also acted as a source of gene flow since ancient times. As a result of the genetic uniqueness of North African groups and the lack of available data, there is an urgent need for the study of genetic variation in the region and its implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Lucas-Sánchez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Serradell
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Comas
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Hagenblad J, Morales J. An Evolutionary Approach to the History of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) Cultivation in the Canary Islands. THE AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2020; 37:579-595. [PMID: 33268912 PMCID: PMC7677147 DOI: 10.1007/s10437-020-09415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Canary Islands are an archipelago that lies about 100 km west of North Africa. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been continuously cultivated since the colonization of the islands. To investigate the agricultural history of the islands, the DNA from multiple individuals of six extant landraces of barley was sequenced, and the resulting data were analyzed with ABC modeling. Estimates of separation times of barley populations on the different islands and the mainland were congruent with archaeological dating of the earliest settlements on the islands. The results of the genetic analyses were consistent with the continuous cultivation of barley on Lanzarote island since it was first colonized, but suggested cultivation was carried out at a smaller scale than on Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Contrary to archaeological evidence and early written historical sources, the genetic analyses suggest that barley was cultivated on a larger scale on Tenerife than on Gran Canaria. The genetic analysis of contemporary barley added support to the dating of the colonization of the islands and pointed to the need for more archaeological data concerning barley cultivation on Tenerife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hagenblad
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jacob Morales
- Department of Historical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Pérez del Toro 1, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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13
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Arauna LR, Hellenthal G, Comas D. Dissecting human North African gene-flow into its western coastal surroundings. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20190471. [PMID: 31039721 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
North African history and populations have exerted a pivotal influence on surrounding geographical regions, although scant genetic studies have addressed this issue. Our aim is to understand human historical migrations in the coastal surroundings of North Africa. We built a refined genome-wide dataset of North African populations to unearth the fine-scale genetic structure of the region, using haplotype information. The results suggest that the gene-flow from North Africa into the European Mediterranean coast (Tuscany and the Iberian Peninsula) arrived mainly from the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. In Tuscany, this North African admixture date estimate suggests the movement of peoples during the fall of the Roman Empire around the fourth century. In the Iberian Peninsula, the North African component probably reflects the impact of the Arab expansion since the seventh century and the subsequent expansion of the Christian Kingdoms. By contrast, the North African component in the Canary Islands has a source genetically related to present-day people from the Atlantic North African coast. We also find sub-Saharan gene-flow from the Senegambia region in the Canary Islands. Specifically, we detect a complex signal of admixture involving Atlantic, Senegambian and European sources intermixing around the fifteenth century, soon after the Castilian conquest. Our results highlight the differential genetic influence of North Africa into the surrounding coast and show that specific historical events have not only had a socio-cultural impact but additionally modified the gene pool of the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Arauna
- 1 Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Garrett Hellenthal
- 2 UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London , London , UK
| | - David Comas
- 1 Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain
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14
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Luigi-Sierra MG, Cardoso TF, Martínez A, Pons A, Bermejo LA, Jordana J, Delgado JV, Adán S, Ugarte E, Arranz JJ, Casellas J, Amills M. Low genome-wide homozygosity in 11 Spanish ovine breeds. Anim Genet 2019; 50:501-511. [PMID: 31393638 DOI: 10.1111/age.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The population of Spanish sheep has decreased from 24 to 15 million heads in the last 75 years due to multiple social and economic factors. Such a demographic reduction might have caused an increase in homozygosity and inbreeding, thus limiting the viability of local breeds with excellent adaptations to harsh ecosystems. The main goal of our study was to investigate the homozygosity patterns of 11 Spanish ovine breeds and to elucidate the relationship of these Spanish breeds with reference populations from Europe, Africa and the Near East. By using Ovine SNP50 BeadChip data retrieved from previous publications, we have found that the majority of studied Spanish ovine breeds have close genetic relatedness with other European populations; the one exception is the Canaria de Pelo breed, which is similar to North African breeds. Our analysis has also demonstrated that, with few exceptions, the genomes of Spanish sheep harbor fewer than 50 runs of homozygosity (ROH) with a total length of less than 350 Mb. Moreover, the frequencies of very long ROH (>30 Mb) are very low, and the inbreeding coefficients (FROH ) are generally small (FROH < 0.10), ranging from 0.008 (Rasa Aragonesa) to 0.086 (Canaria de Pelo). The low levels of homozygosity observed in the 11 Spanish sheep under analysis might be due to their extensive management and the high number of small to medium farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Luigi-Sierra
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - T F Cardoso
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia D.F, 70.040-020, Brazil
| | - A Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - A Pons
- Unitat de Races Autòctones, Servei de Millora Agrària i Pesquera (SEMILLA), Son Ferriol, 07198, Spain
| | - L A Bermejo
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Producción y Economía Agrarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38071, Spain
| | - J Jordana
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - J V Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - S Adán
- Pazo de Fontefiz, Federación de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), 32152, Coles, Ourense, Spain
| | - E Ugarte
- Neiker-Tecnalia, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute, apdo 46 E-01080, Vitoria-Gazteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - J J Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, León, 24071, Spain
| | - J Casellas
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - M Amills
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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15
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Guillen-Guio B, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, González-Montelongo R, Díaz-de Usera A, Marcelino-Rodríguez I, Corrales A, Cabrera de León A, Alonso S, Flores C. Genomic Analyses of Human European Diversity at the Southwestern Edge: Isolation, African Influence and Disease Associations in the Canary Islands. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:3010-3026. [PMID: 30289472 PMCID: PMC6278859 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the genetic resemblance of Canary Islanders to other southern European populations, their geographical isolation and the historical admixture of aborigines (from North Africa) with sub-Saharan Africans and Europeans have shaped a distinctive genetic makeup that likely affects disease susceptibility and health disparities. Based on single nucleotide polymorphism array data and whole genome sequencing (30×), we inferred that the last African admixture took place ∼14 generations ago and estimated that up to 34% of the Canary Islander genome is of recent African descent. The length of regions in homozygosis and the ancestry-related mosaic organization of the Canary Islander genome support the view that isolation has been strongest on the two smallest islands. Furthermore, several genomic regions showed significant and large deviations in African or European ancestry and were significantly enriched in genes involved in prevalent diseases in this community, such as diabetes, asthma, and allergy. The most prominent of these regions were located near LCT and the HLA, two well-known targets of selection, at which 40‒50% of the Canarian genome is of recent African descent according to our estimates. Putative selective signals were also identified in these regions near the SLC6A11-SLC6A1, KCNMB2, and PCDH20-PCDH9 genes. Taken together, our findings provide solid evidence of a significant recent African admixture, population isolation, and adaptation in this part of Europe, with the favoring of African alleles in some chromosome regions. These findings may have medical implications for populations of recent African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Guillen-Guio
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose M Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Ana Díaz-de Usera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Itahisa Marcelino-Rodríguez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Almudena Corrales
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Fregel R, Ordóñez AC, Santana-Cabrera J, Cabrera VM, Velasco-Vázquez J, Alberto V, Moreno-Benítez MA, Delgado-Darias T, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Hernández JC, Pais J, González-Montelongo R, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Flores C, Cruz-de-Mercadal MC, Álvarez-Rodríguez N, Shapiro B, Arnay M, Bustamante CD. Mitogenomes illuminate the origin and migration patterns of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209125. [PMID: 30893316 PMCID: PMC6426200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Canary Islands’ indigenous people have been the subject of substantial archaeological, anthropological, linguistic and genetic research pointing to a most probable North African Berber source. However, neither agreement about the exact point of origin nor a model for the indigenous colonization of the islands has been established. To shed light on these questions, we analyzed 48 ancient mitogenomes from 25 archaeological sites from the seven main islands. Most lineages observed in the ancient samples have a Mediterranean distribution, and belong to lineages associated with the Neolithic expansion in the Near East and Europe (T2c, J2a, X3a…). This phylogeographic analysis of Canarian ancient mitogenomes, the first of its kind, shows that some lineages are restricted to Central North Africa (H1cf, J2a2d and T2c1d3), while others have a wider distribution, including both West and Central North Africa, and, in some cases, Europe and the Near East (U6a1a1, U6a7a1, U6b, X3a, U6c1). In addition, we identify four new Canarian-specific lineages (H1e1a9, H4a1e, J2a2d1a and L3b1a12) whose coalescence dates correlate with the estimated time for the colonization of the islands (1st millennia CE). Additionally, we observe an asymmetrical distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in the ancient population, with certain haplogroups appearing more frequently in the islands closer to the continent. This reinforces results based on modern mtDNA and Y-chromosome data, and archaeological evidence suggesting the existence of two distinct migrations. Comparisons between insular populations show that some populations had high genetic diversity, while others were probably affected by genetic drift and/or bottlenecks. In spite of observing interinsular differences in the survival of indigenous lineages, modern populations, with the sole exception of La Gomera, are homogenous across the islands, supporting the theory of extensive human mobility after the European conquest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alejandra C. Ordóñez
- Department of Prehistory, Anthropology and Ancient History, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Vicente M. Cabrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier Velasco-Vázquez
- Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Verónica Alberto
- Tibicena Arqueología y Patrimonio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | - Amelia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Historical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Pais
- Museo Arqueológico Benahoarita, Los Llanos de Aridane, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Flores
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Granadilla, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N. S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Matilde Arnay
- Department of Prehistory, Anthropology and Ancient History, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carlos D. Bustamante
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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17
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Trejaut JA, Muyard F, Lai YH, Chen LR, Chen ZS, Loo JH, Huang JY, Lin M. Genetic diversity of the Thao people of Taiwan using Y-chromosome, mitochondrial DNA and HLA gene systems. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:64. [PMID: 30813905 PMCID: PMC6391829 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite attempts in retracing the history of the Thao people in Taiwan using folktales, linguistics, physical anthropology, and ethnic studies, their history remains incomplete. The heritage of Thao has been associated with the Pazeh Western plains peoples and several other mountain peoples of Taiwan. In the last 400 years, their culture and genetic profile have been reshaped by East Asian migrants. They were displaced by the Japanese and the construction of a dam and almost faced extinction. In this paper, genetic information from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Histoleucocyte antigens (HLA), and the non-recombining Y chromosome of 30 Thao individuals are compared to 836 other Taiwan Mountain and Plains Aborigines (TwrIP & TwPp), 384 Non-Aboriginal Taiwanese (non-TwA) and 149 Continental East Asians. RESULTS The phylogeographic analyses of mtDNA haplogroups F4b and B4b1a2 indicated gene flow between Thao, Bunun, and Tsou, and suggested a common ancestry from 10,000 to 3000 years ago. A claim of close contact with the heavily Sinicized Pazeh of the plains was not rejected and suggests that the plains and mountain peoples most likely shared the same Austronesian agriculturist gene pool in the Neolithic. CONCLUSIONS Having been moving repeatedly since their arrival in Taiwan between 6000 and 4500 years ago, the Thao finally settled in the central mountain range. They represent the last plains people whose strong bonds with their original culture allowed them to preserve their genetic heritage, despite significant gene flow from the mainland of Asia. Representing a considerable contribution to the genealogical history of the Thao people, the findings of this study bear on ongoing anthropological and linguistic debates on their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Trejaut
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Frank Muyard
- Department of French Studies, National Central University, Taoyuan Taiwan & French School of Asian Studies (EFEO), Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Lai
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Rong Chen
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Sian Chen
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hun Loo
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Huang
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marie Lin
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Cardoso TF, Amills M, Bertolini F, Rothschild M, Marras G, Boink G, Jordana J, Capote J, Carolan S, Hallsson JH, Kantanen J, Pons A, Lenstra JA. Patterns of homozygosity in insular and continental goat breeds. Genet Sel Evol 2018; 50:56. [PMID: 30449277 PMCID: PMC6241035 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-018-0425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic isolation of breeds may result in a significant loss of diversity and have consequences on health and performance. In this study, we examined the effect of geographic isolation on caprine genetic diversity patterns by genotyping 480 individuals from 25 European and African breeds with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip and comparing patterns of homozygosity of insular and nearby continental breeds. RESULTS Among the breeds analysed, number and total length of ROH varied considerably and depending on breeds, ROH could cover a substantial fraction of the genome (up to 1.6 Gb in Icelandic goats). When compared with their continental counterparts, goats from Iceland, Madagascar, La Palma and Ireland (Bilberry and Arran) displayed a significant increase in ROH coverage, ROH number and FROH values (P value < 0.05). Goats from Mediterranean islands represent a more complex case because certain populations displayed a significantly increased level of homozygosity (e.g. Girgentana) and others did not (e.g. Corse and Sarda). Correlations of number and total length of ROH for insular goat populations with the distance between islands and the nearest continental locations revealed an effect of extremely long distances on the patterns of homozygosity. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the effects of insularization on the patterns of homozygosity are variable. Goats raised in Madagascar, Iceland, Ireland (Bilberry and Arran) and La Palma, show high levels of homozygosity, whereas those bred in Mediterranean islands display patterns of homozygosity that are similar to those found in continental populations. These results indicate that the diversity of insular goat populations is modulated by multiple factors such as geographic distribution, population size, demographic history, trading and breed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina F. Cardoso
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70.040-020 Brazil
| | - Marcel Amills
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150 USA
| | - Max Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150 USA
| | - Gabriele Marras
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Fondazione Parco Tecnologico Padano, Loc. Cascina Codazza, 26900 Lodi, LO Italy
| | - Geert Boink
- Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen, De Drieslag 30, 8251 JZ Dronten, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Jordana
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Capote
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, 38108 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
| | - Sean Carolan
- The Old Irish Goat Society, Mulranny, Co Mayo Ireland
| | - Jón H. Hallsson
- Faculty of Land and Animal Resources, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Juha Kantanen
- Department of Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Agueda Pons
- Unitat de Races Autòctones, Servei de Millora Agrària i Pesquera (SEMILLA), 07198 Son Ferriol, Spain
| | - Johannes A. Lenstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - The AdaptMap Consortium
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70.040-020 Brazil
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150 USA
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Fondazione Parco Tecnologico Padano, Loc. Cascina Codazza, 26900 Lodi, LO Italy
- Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen, De Drieslag 30, 8251 JZ Dronten, The Netherlands
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, 38108 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- The Old Irish Goat Society, Mulranny, Co Mayo Ireland
- Faculty of Land and Animal Resources, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
- Unitat de Races Autòctones, Servei de Millora Agrària i Pesquera (SEMILLA), 07198 Son Ferriol, Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6774-6779. [PMID: 29895688 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800851115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which prehistoric migrations of farmers influenced the genetic pool of western North Africans remains unclear. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Neolithization process may have happened through the adoption of innovations by local Epipaleolithic communities or by demic diffusion from the Eastern Mediterranean shores or Iberia. Here, we present an analysis of individuals' genome sequences from Early and Late Neolithic sites in Morocco and from Early Neolithic individuals from southern Iberia. We show that Early Neolithic Moroccans (∼5,000 BCE) are similar to Later Stone Age individuals from the same region and possess an endemic element retained in present-day Maghrebi populations, confirming a long-term genetic continuity in the region. This scenario is consistent with Early Neolithic traditions in North Africa deriving from Epipaleolithic communities that adopted certain agricultural techniques from neighboring populations. Among Eurasian ancient populations, Early Neolithic Moroccans are distantly related to Levantine Natufian hunter-gatherers (∼9,000 BCE) and Pre-Pottery Neolithic farmers (∼6,500 BCE). Late Neolithic (∼3,000 BCE) Moroccans, in contrast, share an Iberian component, supporting theories of trans-Gibraltar gene flow and indicating that Neolithization of North Africa involved both the movement of ideas and people. Lastly, the southern Iberian Early Neolithic samples share the same genetic composition as the Cardial Mediterranean Neolithic culture that reached Iberia ∼5,500 BCE. The cultural and genetic similarities between Iberian and North African Neolithic traditions further reinforce the model of an Iberian migration into the Maghreb.
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Martinez-Laso J, Ramirez-Puga A, Rivas-García E, Fernández-Tagarro E, Auyanet-Saavedra I, Guerra-Rodríguez R, Díaz-Novo N, García-Cantón C. North African-Mediterranean HLA genetic contribution in a population of the kidney transplant waiting list patients of Canary origin (Gran Canaria). HLA 2018; 92:12-23. [PMID: 29770608 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The peopling of the Canary Islands has been widely debated. The mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome data support the idea of a Berber genetic origin coming from the North of Africa (maternal) and a later contribution of the Spanish invaders (paternal). The frequencies of the HLA class II alleles from the Tenerife Island (another Canary Island) have previously been published, postulating a Berber and Atlantic/Iberian contributions to the current population. The HLA class I and class II allele frequencies, haplotype frequencies and phylogenetic comparisons were performed in 215 unrelated individuals from Gran Canaria Island (belonging to the kidney transplant waiting list), with at least three generations of ancestors from Canary Islands, in order to study the different ethnical HLA contributions to the genetic background of the Canary Islanders. Results showed the presence of a compound HLA haplotype of putative Phoenician-Berber origin, A*33:01-C*08:02-B*14:02-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01, likely coming from the combination of haplotypes A*30:02-C*05:01-B*18:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 and A*33:01-C*08:02-B*14:02-DRB1*01:02-DQB1*05:01 of North African (probably Berber) and West Asian Mediterranean (probably Phoenician) origins, respectively. The latter haplotypes and others from the same origin (Berber/Phoenician) are also present in the population studied. Besides, other contributions from the North of Europe, North England-Iberian (Atlantic contribution), and Western Europe/Mediterraneans (Spanish colonization) are also discussed. These data conclude that the current genetic background of the Canary Islands inhabitants has been generated over the years by different ways with an original Phoenician-Berber substrate and several genetic contributions generated in different invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martinez-Laso
- Immunology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - A Ramirez-Puga
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - E Rivas-García
- Immunology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - E Fernández-Tagarro
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - I Auyanet-Saavedra
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - R Guerra-Rodríguez
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - N Díaz-Novo
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - C García-Cantón
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, Spain
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21
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Rodríguez-Varela R, Günther T, Krzewińska M, Storå J, Gillingwater TH, MacCallum M, Arsuaga JL, Dobney K, Valdiosera C, Jakobsson M, Götherström A, Girdland-Flink L. Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3396-3402.e5. [PMID: 29107554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The origins and genetic affinity of the aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands, commonly known as Guanches, are poorly understood. Though radiocarbon dates on archaeological remains such as charcoal, seeds, and domestic animal bones suggest that people have inhabited the islands since the 5th century BCE [1-3], it remains unclear how many times, and by whom, the islands were first settled [4, 5]. Previously published ancient DNA analyses of uniparental genetic markers have shown that the Guanches carried common North African Y chromosome markers (E-M81, E-M78, and J-M267) and mitochondrial lineages such as U6b, in addition to common Eurasian haplogroups [6-8]. These results are in agreement with some linguistic, archaeological, and anthropological data indicating an origin from a North African Berber-like population [1, 4, 9]. However, to date there are no published Guanche autosomal genomes to help elucidate and directly test this hypothesis. To resolve this, we generated the first genome-wide sequence data and mitochondrial genomes from eleven archaeological Guanche individuals originating from Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Five of the individuals (directly radiocarbon dated to a time transect spanning the 7th-11th centuries CE) yielded sufficient autosomal genome coverage (0.21× to 3.93×) for population genomic analysis. Our results show that the Guanches were genetically similar over time and that they display the greatest genetic affinity to extant Northwest Africans, strongly supporting the hypothesis of a Berber-like origin. We also estimate that the Guanches have contributed 16%-31% autosomal ancestry to modern Canary Islanders, here represented by two individuals from Gran Canaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Varela
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Centro Mixto, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Evolución y Comportamiento Humano, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Torsten Günther
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maja Krzewińska
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Storå
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Malcolm MacCallum
- Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro Mixto, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Evolución y Comportamiento Humano, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Keith Dobney
- Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, St. Mary's, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, UK; Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK; Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Cristina Valdiosera
- Centro Mixto, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Evolución y Comportamiento Humano, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Mattias Jakobsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Götherström
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linus Girdland-Flink
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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22
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Peña-Quintana L, Scherer G, Curbelo-Estévez ML, Jiménez-Acosta F, Hartmann B, La Roche F, Meavilla-Olivas S, Pérez-Cerdá C, García-Segarra N, Giguère Y, Huppke P, Mitchell GA, Mönch E, Trump D, Vianey-Saban C, Trimble ER, Vitoria-Miñana I, Reyes-Suárez D, Ramírez-Lorenzo T, Tugores A. Tyrosinemia type II: Mutation update, 11 novel mutations and description of 5 independent subjects with a novel founder mutation. Clin Genet 2017; 92:306-317. [PMID: 28255985 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosinemia type II, also known as Richner-Hanhart Syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder, caused by mutations in the gene encoding hepatic cytosolic tyrosine aminotransferase, leading to the accumulation of tyrosine and its metabolites which cause ocular and skin lesions, that may be accompanied by neurological manifestations, mostly intellectual disability. AIMS To update disease-causing mutations and current clinical knowledge of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic and clinical information were obtained from a collection of both unreported and previously reported cases. RESULTS We report 106 families, represented by 143 individuals, carrying a total of 36 genetic variants, 11 of them not previously known to be associated with the disease. Variants include 3 large deletions, 21 non-synonymous and 5 nonsense amino-acid changes, 5 frameshifts and 2 splice variants. We also report 5 patients from Gran Canaria, representing the largest known group of unrelated families sharing the same P406L mutation. CONCLUSIONS Data analysis did not reveal a genotype-phenotype correlation, but stressed the need of early diagnosis: All patients improved the oculocutaneous lesions after dietary treatment but neurological symptoms prevailed. The discovery of founder mutations in isolated populations, and the benefits of early intervention, should increase diagnostic awareness in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peña-Quintana
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,CIBER OBN, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - G Scherer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M L Curbelo-Estévez
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F Jiménez-Acosta
- Mediteknia Dermatology and Hair Transplant Clinic, Medical Pathology Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - B Hartmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F La Roche
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - S Meavilla-Olivas
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Metabolopathies Unit Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - N García-Segarra
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Giguère
- Programme québécois de dépistage néonatal sanguin, CHU de Québec, and Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - P Huppke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G A Mitchell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - E Mönch
- Charité University Medical Center, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Trump
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - E R Trimble
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - I Vitoria-Miñana
- Unidad de Nutrición y Metabolopatías, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Reyes-Suárez
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - T Ramírez-Lorenzo
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Tugores
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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23
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Hernández-Socorro CR, Rodríguez-Esparragón FJ, Celli J, López-Fernández JC. Sonographic evaluation of atherosclerosis burden in carotid arteries of ischemic stroke patients and its relation to paraoxonase 1 and 2, MTHFR and AT1R genetic variants. J Neurol Sci 2017; 378:146-151. [PMID: 28566152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Common variants of the Paraoxonase (PON), 5-Methyl-Tetrahydrofolate-Reductase (MTHFR) and Angiotensin-II receptor 1 (AT1R) genes have been associated with ischemic stroke (IS) risk. Moreover, carotid atherosclerosis is a common cause of IS. The aim of this study is to explore whether variants in these genes associate with the severity of ultrasonographic determined atherosclerosis assessed in carotid arteries. PATIENTS AND METHODS Etiologic subtype of cerebral ischemia was determined according to the TOAST classification. Genotypes were detected by PCR and restriction analysis. An ultrasonographic supra-aortic trunks study was performed to all patients to assess their atherosclerotic involvement based on predefined criteria. RESULTS In IS patients, none of the analyzed gene distributions differed concerning the stenosis degree. Nevertheless, a trend was observed for the rs662 and rs7493 variants of the PON1 and PON2 genes respectively. When evaluated the results based on different inheritance models, a significant contribution of rs7493 variant according to a dominant (OR=2.397, 95% CI (1.001-5.376); p=0.045) and log-additive inheritance forms (OR=1.85, 95% CI (1.07-3.2); p=0.03) was observed. Only rs7493 reached statistical significance (p=0.013), when genotype distribution was analyzed according to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and remain significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR=2.66, 95% CI (1.1 to 6.4); p=0.03). CONCLUSION In IS patients of the north area of the Gran Canaria island the PON2 (rs7493) gene variant associates with a worse ultrasonographic profile. Conversely, the Cys311Cys homozygosis of the rs7493 variant was also related to a better ultrasonographic profile in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rosa Hernández-Socorro
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín (HUGCDN), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Esparragón
- Unidad de Investigación, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jennifer Celli
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín (HUGCDN), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Unidad de Investigación, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, HUGCDN, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
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24
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Santana Del Pino A, Medina-Rodríguez N, Hernández-García M, Nóvoa-Mogollón FJ, Wägner AM. Is HLA the cause of the high incidence of type 1 diabetes in the Canary Islands? Results from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC). ENDOCRINOLOGIA, DIABETES Y NUTRICION 2017; 64:146-151. [PMID: 28440753 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incidence of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Canary Islands is the highest reported so far in Spain, and among the highest worldwide. The HLA region accounts for approximately half the genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to assess distribution of high-risk and protective HLA haplotypes in the Canarian families included in the T1DGC, as compared to the rest of Spain. METHODS The T1DGC study, an international project to study the genetics and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, enrolled more than 3000 families with type 1 diabetes worldwide. Spain provided 149 of these families, of whom 42 were from Tenerife and Gran Canaria. HLA was genotyped centrally using a PCR-based, sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe system. Haplotypes were reconstructed using the deterministic algorithm alleHap in the R programming environment. Based on prior T1DGC results in Caucasian population, haplotypes DRB1*0405-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302, DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302, DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201, DRB1*0402-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 and DRB1*0404-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 were considered high-risk. DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201-DQB1*0303, DRB1*1401-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0503, DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602, DRB1*1101-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301, DRB1*1104-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301, DRB1*1303-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301, DRB1*1301-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0603 and DRB1*0403-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 were considered protective. The distribution of protective, high-risk, and other haplotypes in the (first two) affected siblings and unaffected parents from Canarian and non-Canarian Spanish families was compared (Chi-square test). RESULTS No significant differences were found between the regions in distribution of the HLA haplotypes in the affected siblings or in the non-affected parents. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in the Canarian population does not appear to be explained by a greater prevalence of high-risk class II HLA haplotypes in families with the disease. However, sample size limits the differences that can be detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Santana Del Pino
- Mathematics and Statistics Dept, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nathan Medina-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Microelectrónica Aplicada, ULPGC, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández-García
- Endocrinology Dept, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco J Nóvoa-Mogollón
- Endocrinology Dept, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, ULPGC, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana M Wägner
- Endocrinology Dept, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, ULPGC, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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25
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Amer SAM, Al-Harthi HS, Refaat AM, Bakdash A, Kassab AC. Identification of Human Bone Remains by Autosomal STRs and Mitochondrial DNA SNPs. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed AM Amer
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University
| | - Hussam S Al-Harthi
- College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
| | - Ahmed M Refaat
- College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
| | | | - Ahmed Ch Kassab
- College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences
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26
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Jaeger LH, Gijón-Botella H, Del Carmen Del Arco-Aguilar M, Martín-Oval M, Rodríguez-Maffiotte C, Del Arco-Aguilar M, Araújo A, Iñiguez AM. Evidence of Helminth Infection in Guanche Mummies: Integrating Paleoparasitological and Paleogenetic Investigations. J Parasitol 2015; 102:222-8. [PMID: 26641720 DOI: 10.1645/15-866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Guanches, ancient inhabitants of the Canary Islands, Spain, practiced mummification of their dead. A paleoparasitological and paleogenetic analysis was conducted on mummified bodies (n = 6) (AD 1200, Cal BP 750) belonging to the Guanche culture from Gran Canaria Island. Coprolite and sediment samples (n = 19) were removed from below the abdominal region or sacral foramina. The samples were rehydrated in 0.5% trisodium phosphate solution for 72 hr at 4 C, and the paleoparasitological investigation was conducted by spontaneous sedimentation method and microscopic examination. The results revealed the presence of well-preserved eggs of Ascaris sp., Trichuris trichiura , Enterobius vermicularis , and hookworms. Ancient DNA was extracted from sediment samples to elucidate the ancestry of the mummies and for molecular detection of Ascaris sp. infection. Results of paleogenetic analysis demonstrated Ascaris sp. infection using 2 molecular targets, cytb and nad1. The mtDNA haplotypes U6b, U6b1, and HV were identified, which confirmed records of Guanche ancestry. The excellent preservation of Guanche mummies facilitated the paleoparasitological and paleogenetic study, the results of which contribute to our knowledge of Guanche culture and their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Herminia Gijón-Botella
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - María Del Carmen Del Arco-Aguilar
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Martín-Oval
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Conrado Rodríguez-Maffiotte
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Del Arco-Aguilar
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adauto Araújo
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alena Mayo Iñiguez
- LABTRIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 518, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
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Santana J, Fregel R, Lightfoot E, Morales J, Alamón M, Guillén J, Moreno M, Rodríguez A. The early colonial atlantic world: New insights on the African Diaspora from isotopic and ancient DNA analyses of a multiethnic 15th-17th century burial population from the Canary Islands, Spain. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:300-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Santana
- State University of Peninsula de Santa Elena; La Libertad Ecuador
- G.I. Tarha. Deparment of Historical Sciences; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
| | - Rosa Fregel
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University; Stanford United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amelia Rodríguez
- G.I. Tarha. Deparment of Historical Sciences; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
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Entheseal changes and sexual division of labor in a North-African population: The case of the pre-Hispanic period of the Gran Canaria Island (11th–15th c. CE). HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:118-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Aspects of ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis in different populations for understanding human evolution. Balkan J Med Genet 2014; 17:5-14. [PMID: 25741209 PMCID: PMC4347471 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2014-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of modern humans is a long and difficult process which started from their first appearance and continues to the present day. The study of the genetic origin of populations can help to determine population kinship and to better understand the gradual changes of the gene pool in space and time. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a proper tool for the determination of the origin of populations due to its high evolutionary importance. Ancient mitochondrial DNA retrieved from museum specimens, archaeological finds and fossil remains can provide direct evidence for population origins and migration processes. Despite the problems with contaminations and authenticity of ancient mitochondrial DNA, there is a developed set of criteria and platforms for obtaining authentic ancient DNA. During the last two decades, the application of different methods and techniques for analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA gave promising results. Still, the literature is relatively poor with information for the origin of human populations. Using comprehensive phylogeographic and population analyses we can observe the development and formation of the contemporary populations. The aim of this study was to shed light on human migratory processes and the formation of populations based on available ancient mtDNA data.
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Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Hernández JC, Gámez A, Pestano JJ, Arnay M, González AM. Isolation and prominent aboriginal maternal legacy in the present-day population of La Gomera (Canary Islands). Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:1236-43. [PMID: 25407001 PMCID: PMC4538205 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present-day population structure of La Gomera is outstanding in its high aboriginal heritage, the greatest in the Canary Islands. This was earlier confirmed by both mitochondrial DNA and autosomal analyses, although genetic drift due to the fifteenth century European colonization could not be excluded as the main factor responsible. The present mtDNA study of aboriginal remains and extant samples from the six municipal districts of the island indeed demonstrates that the pre-Hispanic colonization of La Gomera by North African people involved a strong founder event, shown by the high frequency of the indigenous Canarian U6b1a lineage in the aboriginal samples (65%). This value is even greater than that observed in the extant population (44%), which in turn is the highest of all the seven Canary Islands. In contrast to previous results obtained for the aboriginal populations of Tenerife and La Palma, haplogroups related to secondary waves of migration were not detected in La Gomera aborigines, indicating that isolation also had an important role in shaping the current population. The rugged relief of La Gomera divided into several distinct valleys probably promoted subsequent aboriginal intra-insular differentiation that has continued after the European colonization, as seen in the present-day population structure observed on the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Vicente M Cabrera
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José M Larruga
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan C Hernández
- Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera, Unidad de Patrimonio Histórico, Cabildo de La Gomera, San Sebastián de la Gomera, La Gomera, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gámez
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose J Pestano
- Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Matilde Arnay
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana M González
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Trejaut JA, Poloni ES, Yen JC, Lai YH, Loo JH, Lee CL, He CL, Lin M. Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia. BMC Genet 2014; 15:77. [PMID: 24965575 PMCID: PMC4083334 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Much of the data resolution of the haploid non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) haplogroup O in East Asia are still rudimentary and could be an explanatory factor for current debates on the settlement history of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA). Here, 81 slowly evolving markers (mostly SNPs) and 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats were used to achieve higher level molecular resolution. Our aim is to investigate if the distribution of NRY DNA variation in Taiwan and ISEA is consistent with a single pre-Neolithic expansion scenario from Southeast China to all ISEA, or if it better fits an expansion model from Taiwan (the OOT model), or whether a more complex history of settlement and dispersals throughout ISEA should be envisioned. Results We examined DNA samples from 1658 individuals from Vietnam, Thailand, Fujian, Taiwan (Han, plain tribes and 14 indigenous groups), the Philippines and Indonesia. While haplogroups O1a*-M119, O1a1*-P203, O1a2-M50 and O3a2-P201 follow a decreasing cline from Taiwan towards Western Indonesia, O2a1-M95/M88, O3a*-M324, O3a1c-IMS-JST002611 and O3a2c1a-M133 decline northward from Western Indonesia towards Taiwan. Compared to the Taiwan plain tribe minority groups the Taiwanese Austronesian speaking groups show little genetic paternal contribution from Han. They are also characterized by low Y-chromosome diversity, thus testifying for fast drift in these populations. However, in contrast to data provided from other regions of the genome, Y-chromosome gene diversity in Taiwan mountain tribes significantly increases from North to South. Conclusion The geographic distribution and the diversity accumulated in the O1a*-M119, O1a1*-P203, O1a2-M50 and O3a2-P201 haplogroups on one hand, and in the O2a1-M95/M88, O3a*-M324, O3a1c-IMS-JST002611 and O3a2c1a-M133 haplogroups on the other, support a pincer model of dispersals and gene flow from the mainland to the islands which likely started during the late upper Paleolithic, 18,000 to 15,000 years ago. The branches of the pincer contributed separately to the paternal gene pool of the Philippines and conjointly to the gene pools of Madagascar and the Solomon Islands. The North to South increase in diversity found for Taiwanese Austronesian speaking groups contrasts with observations based on mitochondrial DNA, thus hinting to a differentiated demographic history of men and women in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Trejaut
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, 45 Min-Sheng Road,225115 Tamsui, New Taipei city, Taiwan.
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Secher B, Fregel R, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, Endicott P, Pestano JJ, González AM. The history of the North African mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 gene flow into the African, Eurasian and American continents. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:109. [PMID: 24885141 PMCID: PMC4062890 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome analyses have greatly improved the phylogeny and phylogeography of human mtDNA. Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 has been considered as a molecular signal of a Paleolithic return to North Africa of modern humans from southwestern Asia. Results Using 230 complete sequences we have refined the U6 phylogeny, and improved the phylogeographic information by the analysis of 761 partial sequences. This approach provides chronological limits for its arrival to Africa, followed by its spreads there according to climatic fluctuations, and its secondary prehistoric and historic migrations out of Africa colonizing Europe, the Canary Islands and the American Continent. Conclusions The U6 expansions and contractions inside Africa faithfully reflect the climatic fluctuations that occurred in this Continent affecting also the Canary Islands. Mediterranean contacts drove these lineages to Europe, at least since the Neolithic. In turn, the European colonization brought different U6 lineages throughout the American Continent leaving the specific sign of the colonizers origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana M González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Fregel R, Seetah K, Betancor E, Suárez NM, Calaon D, Čaval S, Janoo A, Pestano J. Multiple ethnic origins of mitochondrial DNA lineages for the population of Mauritius. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93294. [PMID: 24676463 PMCID: PMC3968120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports on the first genetic assessment of the contemporary Mauritian population. Small island nodes such as Mauritius played a critical role in historic globalization processes and revealing high-resolution details of labour sourcing is crucial in order to better understand early-modern diaspora events. Mauritius is a particularly interesting case given detailed historic accounts attesting to European (Dutch, French and British), African and Asian points of origin. Ninety-seven samples were analysed for mitochondrial DNA to begin unravelling the complex dynamics of the island's modern population. In corroboration with general demographic information, the majority of maternal lineages were derived from South Asia (58.76%), with Malagasy (16.60%), East/Southeast Asian (11.34%) and Sub-Saharan African (10.21%) also making significant contributions. This study pinpoints specific regional origins for the South Asian genetic contribution, showing a greater influence on the contemporary population from northern and southeast India. Moreover, the analysis of lineages related to the slave trade demonstrated that Madagascar and East Asia were the main centres of origin, with less influence from West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Krish Seetah
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Eva Betancor
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Nicolás M. Suárez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Diego Calaon
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- IDEAS Interdepartmental Centre, Ca'Foscari University, Venice, Italy
| | - Saša Čaval
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anwar Janoo
- Department of History, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Jose Pestano
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Brucato N, Mazières S, Guitard E, Giscard PH, Bois E, Larrouy G, Dugoujon JM. The Hmong Diaspora: preserved South-East Asian genetic ancestry in French Guianese Asians. C R Biol 2012. [PMID: 23199638 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The Hmong Diaspora is one of the widest modern human migrations. Mainly localised in South-East Asia, the United States of America, and metropolitan France, a small community has also settled the Amazonian forest of French Guiana. We have biologically analysed 62 individuals of this unique Guianese population through three complementary genetic markers: mitochondrial DNA (HVS-I/II and coding region SNPs), Y-chromosome (SNPs and STRs), and the Gm allotypic system. All genetic systems showed a high conservation of the Asian gene pool (Asian ancestry: mtDNA=100.0%; NRY=99.1%; Gm=96.6%), without a trace of founder effect. When compared across various Asian populations, the highest correlations were observed with Hmong-Mien groups still living in South-East Asia (Fst<0.05; P-value<0.05). Despite a long history punctuated by exodus, the French Guianese Hmong have maintained their original genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brucato
- UMR 5288 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Paul-Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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González AM, Maceira BM, Pérez E, Cabrera VM, López AJ, Larruga JM. Genetics, environment, and diabetes-related end-stage renal disease in the Canary Islands. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:859-64. [PMID: 22480375 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, complicated with renal disease, have a significantly higher incidence in the Canary Islands than in mainland Spain and other European countries. Present-day Canarian inhabitants consist of a mixed population with North African indigenous and European colonizer ancestors who have rapidly evolved from a rural to an urban life style. The aim of this work was to assess the possible role of genetic and environmental factors on diabetes-related end-stage renal disease incidence in the Canary Islands. RESULTS For both types of diabetes there is an ethnic susceptibility increased by diabetes family history. Whereas the Y-chromosome does not play a significant role, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup differences point to a maternal origin for this ethnic predisposition, confirming susceptible and protective effects for haplogroups J and T, respectively. In addition, urban life style seems to be an additional risk factor for type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The maternal ethnic predisposition to diabetes complicated with kidney disease detected in the Canary Islands signals mtDNA and X-chromosome markers as the best candidates to uncover the genetic predisposition to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Kirsanow K, Burger J. Ancient human DNA. Ann Anat 2012; 194:121-32. [PMID: 22169595 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of palaeogenetic data to the study of various aspects of hominin biology and evolution has been significant, and has the potential to increase substantially with the widespread implementation of next generation sequencing techniques. Here we discuss the present state-of-the-art of ancient human DNA analysis and the characteristics of hominin aDNA that make sequence validation particularly complex. A brief overview of the development of anthropological palaeogenetic analysis is given to illustrate the technical challenges motivating recent technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Kirsanow
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Germany
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Betancor E, Fregel R, Almeida M, Suárez N, Pestano J. DNA typing for the identification of eight victims of Spanish Civil War reprisals in the Canary Islands: The case of “the Fuencaliente thirteen” mass graves (Fuencaliente, La Palma). FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Sans M, Figueiro G, Ackermann E, Barreto I, Egaña A, Bertoni B, Poittevin-Gilmet E, Maytia D, Hidalgo PC. Mitochondrial DNA in Basque descendants from the city of Trinidad, Uruguay: Uruguayan- or Basque-like population? Hum Biol 2011; 83:55-70. [PMID: 21453004 DOI: 10.3378/027.083.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Like other countries in the Americas, during its colonization Uruguay was the recipient of immigrants from several ethnic groups from Europe, as well as of enslaved Africans. After its independence in 1830, Basques were the first group of Europeans to arrive in the country. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the process of integration of these migratory waves into the Uruguayan society. For that purpose, individuals of Basque origin from the city of Trinidad, Uruguay, were chosen to participate in this study. Particularly, we wanted to determine if Basque descendants in Uruguay remained relatively isolated or if they mixed with other ethnic groups. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 60 self-identified Basque descendants, taken from a larger sample of subjects with Basque ancestors, was analyzed. The origin of mtDNA haplogroups was 77.8% European, 20.4% Amerindian, and 1.8% African, showing similar frequencies to other Uruguayan regions. Very few sequences showed a clear Basque origin, although other sources such as the Canary Islands are likely. Moreover, genetic distances clearly show that Basque descendants are genetically closer to other Uruguayan groups than to European populations, including Basques. It is possible to conclude that Basques and their descendants in the region of Trinidad did not remain isolated and that their marriage behavior was similar to that of other Uruguayan populations. However, to have a more accurate picture of the way Basques intermarried with other populations in Uruguay, new analyses are needed that take into account paternal lineages as well as biparental genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sans
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Sologuren I, Boisson-Dupuis S, Pestano J, Vincent QB, Fernández-Pérez L, Chapgier A, Cárdenes M, Feinberg J, García-Laorden MI, Picard C, Santiago E, Kong X, Jannière L, Colino E, Herrera-Ramos E, Francés A, Navarrete C, Blanche S, Faria E, Remiszewski P, Cordeiro A, Freeman A, Holland S, Abarca K, Valerón-Lemaur M, Gonçalo-Marques J, Silveira L, García-Castellano JM, Caminero J, Pérez-Arellano JL, Bustamante J, Abel L, Casanova JL, Rodríguez-Gallego C. Partial recessive IFN-γR1 deficiency: genetic, immunological and clinical features of 14 patients from 11 kindreds. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:1509-23. [PMID: 21266457 PMCID: PMC3115578 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a series of 14 patients from 11 kindreds with recessive partial (RP)-interferon (IFN)-γR1 deficiency. The I87T mutation was found in nine homozygous patients from Chile, Portugal and Poland, and the V63G mutation was found in five homozygous patients from the Canary Islands. Founder effects accounted for the recurrence of both mutations. The most recent common ancestors of the patients with the I87T and V63G mutations probably lived 1600 (875-2950) and 500 (200-1275) years ago, respectively. The two alleles confer phenotypes that are similar but differ in terms of IFN-γR1 levels and residual response to IFN-γ. The patients suffered from bacillus Calmette-Guérin-osis (n= 6), environmental mycobacteriosis (n= 6) or tuberculosis (n= 1). One patient did not suffer from mycobacterial infections but had disseminated salmonellosis, which was also present in two other patients. Age at onset of the first environmental mycobacterial disease differed widely between patients, with a mean value of 11.25 ± 9.13 years. Thirteen patients survived until the age of 14.82 ± 11.2 years, and one patient died at the age of 7 years, 9 days after the diagnosis of long-term Mycobacterium avium infection and the initiation of antimycobacterial treatment. Up to 10 patients are currently free of infection with no prophylaxis. The clinical heterogeneity of the 14 patients was not clearly related to either IFNGR1 genotype or the resulting cellular phenotype. RP-IFN-γR1 deficiency is, thus, more common than initially thought and should be considered in both children and adults with mild or severe mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Pestano
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Genetics and Immunology
| | - Quentin Benoit Vincent
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Sciences-Pharmacology Unit, Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group and
| | - Ariane Chapgier
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - María Cárdenes
- Department of Immunology
- Canarian Institute for Cancer Research, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Feinberg
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Study Center of Primary Immunodeficiencies and
| | | | - Xiaofei Kong
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucile Jannière
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Elena Colino
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Infectious Diseases
| | | | | | - Carmen Navarrete
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Paweł Remiszewski
- IIIrd Department of Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Cordeiro
- Department of Medicine, Coimbra Pediatric Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Steven Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Katia Abarca
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - José Gonçalo-Marques
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal and
| | - Luisa Silveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Santo Espirito de Angra do Heroísmo EPE Hospital, Angra do Heroìsmo, Portugal
| | - José Manuel García-Castellano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Research Unit and
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Insular-Materno Infantil Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Caminero
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Gran Canaria Dr Negrín University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez-Arellano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Canarian Institute for Cancer Research, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Pereira L, Silva NM, Franco-Duarte R, Fernandes V, Pereira JB, Costa MD, Martins H, Soares P, Behar DM, Richards MB, Macaulay V. Population expansion in the North African late Pleistocene signalled by mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:390. [PMID: 21176127 PMCID: PMC3016289 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The archaeology of North Africa remains enigmatic, with questions of population continuity versus discontinuity taking centre-stage. Debates have focused on population transitions between the bearers of the Middle Palaeolithic Aterian industry and the later Upper Palaeolithic populations of the Maghreb, as well as between the late Pleistocene and Holocene. RESULTS Improved resolution of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup U6 phylogeny, by the screening of 39 new complete sequences, has enabled us to infer a signal of moderate population expansion using Bayesian coalescent methods. To ascertain the time for this expansion, we applied both a mutation rate accounting for purifying selection and one with an internal calibration based on four approximate archaeological dates: the settlement of the Canary Islands, the settlement of Sardinia and its internal population re-expansion, and the split between haplogroups U5 and U6 around the time of the first modern human settlement of the Near East. CONCLUSIONS A Bayesian skyline plot placed the main expansion in the time frame of the Late Pleistocene, around 20 ka, and spatial smoothing techniques suggested that the most probable geographic region for this demographic event was to the west of North Africa. A comparison with U6's European sister clade, U5, revealed a stronger population expansion at around this time in Europe. Also in contrast with U5, a weak signal of a recent population expansion in the last 5,000 years was observed in North Africa, pointing to a moderate impact of the late Neolithic on the local population size of the southern Mediterranean coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Pereira
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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Brucato N, Cassar O, Tonasso L, Tortevoye P, Migot-Nabias F, Plancoulaine S, Guitard E, Larrouy G, Gessain A, Dugoujon JM. The imprint of the Slave Trade in an African American population: mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome and HTLV-1 analysis in the Noir Marron of French Guiana. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:314. [PMID: 20958967 PMCID: PMC2973943 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retracing the genetic histories of the descendant populations of the Slave Trade (16th-19th centuries) is particularly challenging due to the diversity of African ethnic groups involved and the different hybridisation processes with Europeans and Amerindians, which have blurred their original genetic inheritances. The Noir Marron in French Guiana are the direct descendants of maroons who escaped from Dutch plantations in the current day Surinam. They represent an original ethnic group with a highly blended culture. Uniparental markers (mtDNA and NRY) coupled with HTLV-1 sequences (env and LTR) were studied to establish the genetic relationships linking them to African American and African populations. Results All genetic systems presented a high conservation of the African gene pool (African ancestry: mtDNA = 99.3%; NRY = 97.6%; HTLV-1 env = 20/23; HTLV-1 LTR = 6/8). Neither founder effect nor genetic drift was detected and the genetic diversity is within a range commonly observed in Africa. Higher genetic similarities were observed with the populations inhabiting the Bight of Benin (from Ivory Coast to Benin). Other ancestries were identified but they presented an interesting sex-bias. Whilst male origins spread throughout the north of the bight (from Benin to Senegal), female origins were spread throughout the south (from the Ivory Coast to Angola). Conclusions The Noir Marron are unique in having conserved their African genetic ancestry, despite major cultural exchanges with Amerindians and Europeans through inhabiting the same region for four centuries. Their maroon identity and the important number of slaves deported in this region have maintained the original African diversity. All these characteristics permit to identify a major origin located in the former region of the Gold Coast and the Bight of Benin; regions highly impacted by slavery, from which goes a sex-biased longitudinal gradient of ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brucato
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, FRE2960, Toulouse, France.
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Santos C, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, González AM, Larruga JM, Lima M. Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Macaronesia islands: Variation within and among archipelagos. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 141:610-9. [PMID: 19927277 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Macaronesia covers four Atlantic archipelagos: the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Cape Verde islands. When discovered by Europeans in the 15th century, only the Canaries were inhabited. Historical reports highlight the impact of Iberians on settlement in Macaronesia. Although important differences in their settlement are documented, its influence on their genetic structures and relationships has yet to be ascertained. In this study, the hypervariable region I (HVRI) sequence and coding region polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 623 individuals from the Azores (120) and Canary Islands (503) were analyzed. Combined with published data, these give a total of 1,542 haplotypes from Macaronesia and 1,067 from the Iberian Peninsula. The results obtained indicate that Cape Verde is the most distinctive archipelago, with an mtDNA pool composed almost exclusively of African lineages. However, the other archipelagos present an mtDNA profile dominated by the presence of West-Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups with African lineages present in varying proportions. Moreover, no signs of integration of typical Canarian U6 lineages in the other archipelagos were detected. The four Macaronesia archipelagos currently have differentiated genetic profiles, and the Azores present the highest intra-archipelago differentiation and the lowest values of diversity. The analyses performed show that the present-day genetic profile of the Macaronesian archipelagos was mainly determined by the initial process of settlement and further microdifferentiation probably as a consequence of the small population size of some islands. Moreover, contacts between archipelagos seem to have had a low impact on the mtDNA genetic pool of each archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Santos
- Unitat Antropologia Biològica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lorenzo V, Boronat M, Saavedra P, Rufino M, Maceira B, Novoa FJ, Torres A. Disproportionately high incidence of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease in the Canary Islands. An analysis based on estimated population at risk. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2283-8. [PMID: 20064954 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An exceptionally high incidence of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease (DM-ESRD) has been reported in the Canary Islands. This phenomenon was attributed to an increased prevalence of diabetes in this community. We compared the incidence of DM-ESRD in the Canary Islands with the rest of Spain among the estimated number of individuals at risk (people with diabetes in the population). METHODS The population-at-risk was calculated using census population figures and estimates of self-reported diabetes prevalence from the Spanish National Health Survey in the years 2003 and 2006. The incidence of DM-ESRD for the same years was obtained through Spanish regional registries. The independent effect of age, community of residence and calendar year was estimated with a Poisson regression model. Age-standardized acceptance rate ratios were calculated for each community. RESULTS Overall DM-ESRD incidence in the Canary Islands population-at-risk was 1209.9 per million population (pmp) in 2003 and 1477.3 pmp in 2006. Rates for the remaining Spanish regions ranged from 177.3-984.9 pmp. The incidence was higher in the Canary Islands across all age groups, but was most striking for patients > or =75 years. Diabetes prevalence in the general population was greater in the two youngest age strata and diminished from 75 years on in the Canary Islands, in comparison with other areas of Spain. Using a cluster of three communities with the lowest incidence as a reference, the relative risk of DM-ESRD in the Canary Islands population-at-risk was 3.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.07-4.89]. Age-standardized acceptance ratios (95% CI) in the Canary Islands were 2.21 (1.85-2.61) in 2003 and 2.73 (2.34-3.17) in 2006. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with diabetes in the Canary Islands present a disproportionately high incidence of ESRD. Diabetic Canary inhabitants are exposed to the disease for a longer time and therefore, may be more vulnerable to the development of chronic diabetes complications, including ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lorenzo
- Nephrology Section, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, La Laguna, Spain.
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Fregel R, Betancor E, Suárez NM, Cabrera VM, Pestano J, Larruga JM, González AM. Temporal evolution of the ABO allele frequencies in the Canary Islands: the impact of the European colonization. Immunogenetics 2009; 61:603-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fregel R, Gomes V, Gusmão L, González AM, Cabrera VM, Amorim A, Larruga JM. Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:181. [PMID: 19650893 PMCID: PMC2728732 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin and prevalence of the prehispanic settlers of the Canary Islands has attracted great multidisciplinary interest. However, direct ancient DNA genetic studies on indigenous and historical 17th-18th century remains, using mitochondrial DNA as a female marker, have only recently been possible. In the present work, the analysis of Y-chromosome polymorphisms in the same samples, has shed light on the way the European colonization affected male and female Canary Island indigenous genetic pools, from the conquest to present-day times. RESULTS Autochthonous (E-M81) and prominent (E-M78 and J-M267) Berber Y-chromosome lineages were detected in the indigenous remains, confirming a North West African origin for their ancestors which confirms previous mitochondrial DNA results. However, in contrast with their female lineages, which have survived in the present-day population since the conquest with only a moderate decline, the male indigenous lineages have dropped constantly being substituted by European lineages. Male and female sub-Saharan African genetic inputs were also detected in the Canary population, but their frequencies were higher during the 17th-18th centuries than today. CONCLUSION The European colonization of the Canary Islands introduced a strong sex-biased change in the indigenous population in such a way that indigenous female lineages survived in the extant population in a significantly higher proportion than their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Department of Genetics, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco, Sánchez, La Laguna, 38271 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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Fregel R, Pestano J, Arnay M, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, González AM. The maternal aborigine colonization of La Palma (Canary Islands). Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1314-24. [PMID: 19337312 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth from 38 aboriginal remains of La Palma (Canary Islands) were analyzed for external and endogenous mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and for diagnostic coding positions. Informative sequences were obtained from 30 individuals (78.9%). The majority of lineages (93%) were from West Eurasian origin, being the rest (7%) from sub-Saharan African ascription. The bulk of the aboriginal haplotypes had exact matches in North Africa (70%). However, the indigenous Canarian sub-type U6b1, also detected in La Palma, has not yet been found in North Africa, the cradle of the U6 expansion. The most abundant H1 clade in La Palma, defined by transition 16260, is also very rare in North Africa. This means that the exact region from which the ancestors of the Canarian aborigines came has not yet been sampled or that they have been replaced by later human migrations. The high gene diversity found in La Palma (95.2+/-2.3), which is one of the farthest islands from the African continent, is of the same level than the previously found in the central island of Tenerife (92.4+/-2.8). This is against the supposition that the islands were colonized from the continent by island hopping and posterior isolation. On the other hand, the great similarity found between the aboriginal populations of La Palma and Tenerife is against the idea of an island-by-island independent maritime colonization without secondary contacts. Our data better fit to an island model with frequent migrations between islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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47
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González AM, Larruga JM, Abu-Amero KK, Shi Y, Pestano J, Cabrera VM. Mitochondrial lineage M1 traces an early human backflow to Africa. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:223. [PMID: 17620140 PMCID: PMC1945034 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The out of Africa hypothesis has gained generalized consensus. However, many specific questions remain unsettled. To know whether the two M and N macrohaplogroups that colonized Eurasia were already present in Africa before the exit is puzzling. It has been proposed that the east African clade M1 supports a single origin of haplogroup M in Africa. To test the validity of that hypothesis, the phylogeographic analysis of 13 complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and 261 partial sequences belonging to haplogroup M1 was carried out. Results The coalescence age of the African haplogroup M1 is younger than those for other M Asiatic clades. In contradiction to the hypothesis of an eastern Africa origin for modern human expansions out of Africa, the most ancestral M1 lineages have been found in Northwest Africa and in the Near East, instead of in East Africa. The M1 geographic distribution and the relative ages of its different subclades clearly correlate with those of haplogroup U6, for which an Eurasian ancestor has been demonstrated. Conclusion This study provides evidence that M1, or its ancestor, had an Asiatic origin. The earliest M1 expansion into Africa occurred in northwestern instead of eastern areas; this early spread reached the Iberian Peninsula even affecting the Basques. The majority of the M1a lineages found outside and inside Africa had a more recent eastern Africa origin. Both western and eastern M1 lineages participated in the Neolithic colonization of the Sahara. The striking parallelism between subclade ages and geographic distribution of M1 and its North African U6 counterpart strongly reinforces this scenario. Finally, a relevant fraction of M1a lineages present today in the European Continent and nearby islands possibly had a Jewish instead of the commonly proposed Arab/Berber maternal ascendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38271, Spain
| | - José M Larruga
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38271, Spain
| | - Khaled K Abu-Amero
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yufei Shi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Pestano
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35080, Spain
| | - Vicente M Cabrera
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38271, Spain
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Alzualde A, Izagirre N, Alonso S, Rivera N, Alonso A, Azkarate A, de la Rúa C. Influences of the European Kingdoms of Late Antiquity on the Basque Country. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1086/510464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lukacs JR, Largaespada LL. Explaining sex differences in dental caries prevalence: Saliva, hormones, and “life-history” etiologies. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 18:540-55. [PMID: 16788889 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When dental caries rates are reported by sex, females are typically found to exhibit higher prevalence rates than males. This finding is generally true for diverse cultures with different subsistence systems and for a wide range of chronological periods. Exceptions exist, but are not common. In this paper, we present new data for sex differences in dental caries rates among the Guanches (Tenerife, Canary Islands), summarize results of meta-analyses of dental caries prevalence, and emphasize new research that stresses the critical role of female hormones and life-history events in the etiology of dental caries. Among the Guanches, corrected tooth-count caries rates for females (8.8%, 158/1,790) are approximately twice the frequency of caries among males (4.5%, 68/1,498). Higher caries prevalence among females is often explained by one of three factors: 1) earlier eruption of teeth in girls, hence longer exposure of girls' teeth to the cariogenic oral environment, 2) easier access to food supplies by women and frequent snacking during food preparation, and 3) pregnancy. Anthropologists tend to favor explanations involving behavior, including sexual division of labor and women's domestic role in food production. By contrast, the causal pathways through which pregnancy contributes to poorer oral health and higher caries rates are deemphasized or discounted. This paper presents recent research on physiological changes associated with fluctuating hormone levels during individual life histories, and the impact these changes have on the oral health of women. The biochemical composition of saliva and overall saliva flow rate are modified in several important ways by hormonal fluctuations during events such as puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy, making the oral environment significantly more cariogenic for women than for men. These results suggest that hormonal fluctuations can have a dramatic effect on the oral health of women, and constitute an important causal factor in explaining sex differences in caries rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lukacs
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1218, USA.
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